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This research communication explores the Darcy - Forchheimer flow of a chemically reacting non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid over a stretching sheet, incorporating the Cattaneo – Christov heat flux under a convective boundary condition. The fluid flow is described by a set of partial differential equations, which are subsequently transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. To solve these equations numerically, the BVP4C Method was employed after appropriately defining non dimensional variables and implementing similarity transformations. The impacts of diverse active parameters such as Deborah parameter, Darcy‑Forchheimer parameter, magnetic parameter, Biot number, and porous parameter are examined on the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. In addition, the value of the Skin friction, Nusselt number is calculated and presented through tabular forms.

The fall army worm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous pest which causes damage to commercially important cultivated crops such as maize, rice, sorghum, cotton and also different vegetable crops. Carboxyl esterases (CarE, EC.3.1.1.1) or esterases are enzymes in the carboxyl / cholinesterase gene family that catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxyl esters. The carboxylesterases enzyme are the detoxification enzymes in FAW. Therefore, the inhibition of carboxylesterases from FAW would help in pest management. In this scenario, Isolation, purification and inhibition studies were carried out on the midgut carboxylesterase enzyme of FAW. Through a combination of steps including centrifugation, ammonium sulfate gradient precipitation, DEAE-Cellulose ion exchange chromatography, the enzyme was purified from fifth instar larvae of FAW. The final purified carboxylesterase after ion exchange chromatography had a specific activity of 7282.22 units / mg protein, 5.6 – fold of crude homogenate, and a yield of 25%. The purity of esterase was established by PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The SDS-PAGE revealed a molecular weight of approximately 45kDa to 66kDa. Our studies on the purified midgut carboxylesterase showed complete inhibition by organophosphorous inhibitor (10-4 M). The enzyme was also inhibited by 1x concentration of Lizol (disinfectant) and by different natural extracts (1x) as well.

French bean is (Phaseolus vulgaris) widely grown legume worldwide and is the most important pulse crop in the Indian subcontinent. The productivity is adversely affected by a large number of biotic and abiotic stresses. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of plant responses to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Boron (B) toxicity is a significant limitation to cereal crop production worldwide. In this study, RT-qPCR confirmed seven miRNAs were responsive to boron toxicity. The known predicted targets and their functional analysis revealed that most of the targets represent transcription factors. GO results supported our hypothesis that miRNAs were found to be involved in diverse cellular processes, including plant circadian cycle, vegetative development, transcription, and cross adaptation. The results obtained would provide new insights to the complex regulatory mechanism employing small non-coding regulatory RNAs toward stress adaptation.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. Numerous studies have been increasing in respect to miRNA identification under stress conditions. In this study we analysed the expression patterns of seven miRNAs (miR156, 159, 169, 396, 397, 398 and 399) from cadmium stressed seedlings of Finger millet by RT-qPCR. Further these miRNAs were cloned and sequenced, which conformed its presence. Predicted targets and GO analysis of the miRNAs were found to be involved in diverse cellular processes in plants, development, apoptosis, detoxification, catalysis, protein modification. Cis-regulatory elements identification suggested their involvement in regulatory networks. This is the first study to demonstrate differentially expressed miRNA in Finger millet under cadmium stress. Findings in the present study prominence the role played by miRNAs in Finger millet under cadmium stress.

The neuro-degenerative eye disease glaucoma is caused by an increase in eye pressure inside the retina. As the secondleading cause of blindness in the world, if an early diagnosis is not obtained, this can cause total blindness. Regarding this fundamental problem, there is a huge need to create a system that can function well without a lot of equipment, highly qualified medical personnel, and takes less time. The proposed modeling consists of three stages: pre-training, fine-tuning and inference. The probabilistic based pixel identification (Bayesian variant) predicts the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) which is diagnosed by the presence of visual cues, such as abnormal blood vessels, hard exudates, and cotton wool spots. The article combines machine learning, deep learning, and methods for image processing to predict the diagnosis images. The input picture is validated using Bayesian variant connected component architecture, and the brightest spot algorithm is applied to detect the Region of Interest (ROI). Moreover, the training sample calculated optic disc and optic cup are segmented with fundus photography ranges 0 to 4 using VGGNet16 architecture and SMOTE algorithm to detect DR stages of images and the proposed model using ensemble based ResNet with Efficient Net produces the excellent accuracy score of 93 % and predicted image Kappa coefficient (p < 0.01) 0.755 of the fundus retina image dataset.

Numerical model is conducted to investigate the behavior of an incompressible Maxwell nanofluid model flow on a convectively stretched surface, considering the effects of thermophoresis and an inclined magnetic field. The system, originally formulated as a set of partial differential equations, is transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The resulting equations are solved using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method in conjunction with the shooting technique. The obtained physical parameters from the derived system are presented and discussed through graphical representations. The numerical process is assessed by comparing the results with existing literature under various limiting scenarios, demonstrating a high level of proficiency. The key findings of this study indicate that the velocity field decreases as the fluid parameters increase, while the fluid temperature diminishes accordingly. Additionally, the heat transfer rate decreases with increasing fluid and thermophoresis parameters, but it increases with Biot and Prandtl numbers.

In the research article, the fabrication of Al-7075-based hybrid composites was done by stir casting technique with the addition of a mixture of crab shell ash (CSA), oyster shell ash (OSA), and snail shell ash (SSA). The mixtures of CSA, OSA, and SSA (MCOSA), CSA and OSA (MCOA), CSA and SSA (MCSA), as well as OSA and SSA (MOSA) with weight percentages in a range of 1–3% were added to the base material. The specimens were prepared according to the ASTM standards and tested for mechanical properties. The hardness, as well as impact, flexural, and tensile strengths of the composites, were increased as the amount of reinforcement to the base metal was increased, and compressive strength was decreased. The greatest tensile strength, tensile modulus, and compressive strength values were observed for the composite designated with AlOSA3. The maximum flexural strength and hardness values were observed for the compositions AlOS21 and AlCO12, respectively. Two techniques (TOPSIS and VIKOR) were successfully applied to the mechanical attributes of composites. The ranking results of both methods were compared. The ranking results for TOPSIS and VIKOR were the same for the index value 0.25. The composites filled with aquatic waste fillers can be used for automotive applications concerning their enhanced mechanical properties compared to the Al-7075 metal alloy properties.

Introduction. Transformerless inverters are of vital importance in the field of grid connected solar photovoltaic systems offering higher efficiency than the conventional one. i.e., using transformer. General grid connected inverters are constituting of transformers requires more area besides the loss in them. Problem. Eliminating transformers can cause leakage current due to the variation of common mode voltage which in turn due to parasitic capacitance effect. Research literature in transformerless inverters has addressed the problems of common mode leakage current issues by offering the study of different inverter topologies like H4, H5, H6 and HERIC etc. utilizing variety of modulation strategies like unipolar, bipolar pulse width modulations. Goal. The paper significantly presents a new transformerless inverter topology, analyzes common mode voltage and leakage current behavior of the system. The simulation is carried out for comparing the leakage current profiles with other transformerless inverter topologies in literature. Novelty. This paper gives an impression of the efficient transformerless inverter for grid connected photovoltaic system. Results. The various inverter topologies full bridge with different pulse width modulation techniques are analyzed and to determine the common mode voltages and leakage currents.

This paper documents the food and agricultural policy process in the context of agrarian reforms in Tajikistan. It uses the case study of Tajikistan and applies a recently developed conceptual framework for understanding the drivers of policy change. It undertakes a historical review of agrarian reforms and appraises current policy challenges within the food and agricultural sector. Using specific tools to study power relations, financing, and information flows in the policy process, it maps institutional architecture and key stakeholders in the pre- and post-soviet era. Information gathered through focused group discussions, key informant interviews, and recent field research on food and agricultural policy issues is used to analyze factors that drive different stages of the policy making process. We find that understanding the political economy and policy process interface in Tajikistan is key for designing and implementing successful policy interventions. While progress has been made, agrarian reforms towards improving land tenure rights, strengthening WUAs, providing crop insurance against drought, are the necessary steps in a larger policy discussion. Ensuring the effectiveness of land reforms, building agricultural extension system, and supporting agricultural research systems are examples of some key initiatives that the government should focus on. Investments in transportation, storage, credit facilities, and markets involving private sector will speed up the reform process.

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is an important subsistence oil yielding crop of the semi-arid tropics and often exposed to several environmental cues (high temperature, drought & heavy metal). Transcription factors can control the expression of many target genes through specific binding to the cis-acting elements in the promoters of the target genes. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) represents one of the largest as well as most diverse transcription factor (TFs) families. They are known to play role in both stress as well as in various plant developmental processes. In this study, a comprehensive phylogeny, chromosomal location, conserved motif identification and expression profiles under high temperature and drought stress. of bZIP and bhLH TF gene family was carried in groundnut. A total of 151 bZIP and 39 bHLH transcription factors have been identified from groundnut. Expression analysis during high temperature and heavy metal stress conditions. Gene expression studies revealed differential expressions of bZIP and bhLH TFs suggesting the possible role in various stress mitigation and can serve as a candidate genes for improving abiotic stress.

This paper examines the preconditions for collective action in the context of Water User Associations (WUAs) in Tajikistan. The paper uses qualitative case studies of five WUAs from three cotton-producing districts of Khatlon region in Tajikistan. Findings suggest that the ability of WUAs to generate collective action for the benefit of the rural community depends on factors internal and external to WUAs. The WUAs in our study tended to exhibit top-down organizational forms which might not bode well for their sustainability. WUAs were set up by donors in a setting where large, collectivized farms and vestiges of command agriculture persist alongside small individual farms. The presence of large farms among smaller holdings makes it difficult for WUAs to distribute water equitably among its members. Local government officials tend to favor the interest of big planters over small independent farms and can exert pressure on WUAs to skew water distribution. By studying the institutional challenges facing water resource management in Tajikistan, a major natural resource challenge facing all the Central Asian economies, the paper identifies opportunities for speeding up the process of agrarian reforms currently underway in all the transition economies.

Carboxyl esterase (E.C.No.3.1.1.1) was partially purified from Adenanthera pavonina (Saga) using ammonium sulfate fractionation (0-60%) and DEAE (diethyl aminoethyl) ion exchange chromatography, the purified enzyme was characterized. One major saga-esterase was identified with Fold purification of 29. Molecular weight of the Ap-esterase was determined using Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and SDS-PAGE (Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacryamide gel electrophoresis) which was found to be 26.0 k Da. Optimal activity of the saga-esterase occurred when the pH 7.0 at a temperature of 55°C. The activation energy for the hydrolysis of α-naphthyl acetate was determined to be 1.10 kcal/ mol. The Michaelis Menton constant (Km) and Vmax of the saga-esterase was 0.4µmoles and 105 IU respectively. In addition, the isoelectric point is at pH > 9 and immuno-blot using polyclonal antibodies showed that the saga-esterase was widely distributed in seeds but not in leaves. The saga-esterase inhibited by organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, which can be substituted for acetylcholinesterase.

Mental health services are perceived differently in different socio-cultural settings. The connotations accorded to mental health, especially in terms of need awareness and evaluation of alternatives, vary from culture to culture. Understanding these differences is critical to attract and retain patients suffering from mental conditions. Generic literature on consumer behavior does not provide direct answers to many of the problems in this regard, primarily because such literature does not take into account the deviant mental states of these patients. In this paper, we review findings from mental health specific studies conducted in both Western and Asian countries, evaluate the importance of decision-making factors for both public and private service providers, and offer directions for future research. Interdisciplinary literature on customer relationship management, consumer behavior, mental health, and healthcare marketing, guided by the principles of systematic literature review constituted the methodology of this study. The research methods are analysis, synthesis, classification and grouping. The empirical base included about 250 peer-reviewed articles on the topic under consideration. We find that doctor-led service provision is still the most prevalent form of relationship building in the Eastern societies, especially in the less developed countries of South East Asia. Consumer-initiated mental health treatment schemes are more common in more developed Western economies. We also observe that, among the innovative set of providers, there is a trend of increased use of telehealth. Among other things, this includes more proactive and digitally-savvy identification, acquisition, and retention of patients. The results of the study can be used as the basis for marketing strategies of drug manufacturers and mobile application designers in the field of online medical services

A critical investigation into the performance of all known chili varieties in the same agro-climatic conditions in imminent to identify the elite varieties for beneficial agronomic traits. In this perspective, 20 varieties of chilies were collected and planted in A.N.U botanical garden to know about photosynthetic performance measured in terms of photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll and carotenoid content and chlorophyll stability index in a comparative study. The highest stomatal conductance in LCA-305 (0.166 mmol cm-2) and high transpiration rate in LCA-235 (4.46 mol m–2s–1) and G-3 (4.43 mol m–2s–1) was observed. Whereas the cultivars, LCA-305 (31.2 µmol CO2 cm–2s–1) and Rabbi (31.20 µmol CO2 cm–2s–1) displayed high photosynthetic rates. The genotypes like G-4 (32°C), G-3 (31.3°C) and G-5 (31.2°C) have recorded high canopy temperature. The highest water use efficiency was noted in Aparna (59.93), LCA-334 (16.68), and G-3 (6.40). The highest chlorophyll a content was noticed in LCA-305 (6.68 mg g-1) followed by G-4 (6.12mg g-1), chlorophyll b content in LCA-424 (7.94 mg g-1), total chlorophyll content in LCA-305 (10.58 mg g-1) and carotenoid in LCA-353 (4.40 mg g-1) and G-5 (3.82 mg g-1) was observed. The highest chlorophyll stability index was observed in LCA-305 (0.85 mg g-1) followed by LCA-334 (0.77 mg g-1). Basing on the above data, it can be concluded that in terms of stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, CSI value, chlorophyll A and total chlorophyll contents, LCA-305 displayed superior performance indicating that LCA-305 can be projected as superior variety.

Abstract. The effect of bath temperature (60-90 °C) on structural, optical and electrical properties of CdS thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) at a constant precursor concentration and deposition time was studied. From the XRD analysis, it was found that the structure of CdS thin fi lms varied with temperature. At lower temperature hexagonal structure was dominated while at high temperature, the cubic structure was prominent. The band gap of the as-prepared CdS thin fi lms was calculated from the UV-Vis spectroscopic data, and it was found to be decreased with the increase of temperature. The resistivity of the CdS thin fi lms also decreased with the increase in temperature.

2020 ESC Guidelines for themanagement of adult congenital heart disease

In order to identify the components of high temperature response in French bean, three heat shock proteins induced under high temperature were purified to homogeneity by Carboxy methyl cellulose and sephadex G-100 chromatography followed by preparative SDS-PAGE. Two of these, Hsp1 and Hsp3 were further characterized by immuno-detection with polyclonal antibodies. Hsp3 exhibited ATPase and chaperone activity with malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. Partial cDNA for Hsp3 synthesized using the primer derived from amino-terminal sequence was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein possesses ATPase activity, and showed thermal protection at 50°C in Escherichia coli. The translated partial cDNA showed homology with stress induced proteins including ATPases from higher plants. These results supported the fact that French bean response to high temperature stress involves Hsps as one of the principal components.

The present study was aimed to study the influence of salt stress on the proteomic profiles of Cicer arietinum L. by using SDS-PAGE. Seedlings of Cicer arietinum were exposed to different salt concentrations (4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) of NaCl. Multiple regions of actively stained system were obtained for SDS-PAGE. On 15th day, a total of 79 bands were observed and their RM values ranged from 0.011 to 0.988. Based on the occurrence and non-occurrence of the proteins in the gel system, the protein profiles were classified in to three categories viz., salt tolerant proteins, salt inducible proteins and salt sensitive proteins.

The present study was aimed to elucidate the salt tolerant, salt inducible and salt sensitive protein of the Vigna unguiculata by Sodium Deodyl Sulphate – Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Seedlings of Vigna unguiculata exposed to different environmental conditions exhibited a plethora of physio-chemical responses. The seedlings treated with various concentrations of NaCl at third day showed maximum of 85 bands, with nine active regions and their MW-Rf values ranged from 0.012 to 0.891. The seedlings treated with same experimental set up at fifth day showed maximum number of 63 bands with eight active regions and their MW-Rf values ranged from 0.108 to 0.891. On 5th day seedlings showed the isoperoxidase expression with various sizes of bands. The soluble protein showed a gradual increase during the initial stage and after fifth day there was gradual decrease in their content.

Carotenoids, the naturally occurring isoprenoids form essential components of photosynthetic antenna and reaction centre complexes. Thus they play a significant role in absorption, dissipation and transfer of light energy for the process of photosynthesis. The effects of salt stress on carotenoid gene expression in tomato leaves were studied. For that tomato plants were subjected to different concentration of salt water. Morphological characters such as plant height, no. of fruits per plant, chlorophyll content and expression of four major carotenoid pathway genes such as phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, zeta carotene desaturase and lycopene beta cyclase were analysed. The quantitative expression analysis using real time PCR has shown a decrease in the expression of all the studied genes as the salt concentration increased. Among the different concentrations of NaCl used for the experiment, it was seen that 200 mM was most detrimental for the carotenoid gene expression. Lycopene beta cyclase, the enzyme that converts lycopene to beta carotene was seen to be highly affected compared to other genes studied showing a 1.87 fold inhibition in its expression at 200 mM NaCl.