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The study investigated work ethics practices and employee retention in the manufacturing industries in Lagos, Nigeria with focus on the Nigerian Breweries, Lagos as the unit of analysis. The study identified work ethics practices found operational to include integrity accountability, professionalism, and respectfulness. The corresponding relationship between these work ethics practices and employee retention was also evaluated with the view to providing information on how work ethics practices influence employee retention. The study made use of primary data with the aid of a structured questionnaire administered to 300 respondents randomly to elicit information from the selected respondents. It was found that integrity as a practice was prevalent among other practices found to be operational in the area of study and also found that there exists a significant positive relationship among all the variables of work ethics practices and employee retention where accountability practice with employee retention (r = 0.546, p 0.05), respectfulness practice with employee retention (r = 0.677, p 0.05), professionalism practice with employee retention (r = 0.658, p 0.05) and integrity practice with employee retention (r = 0.748, p 0.05). it was concluded that work ethics practice is a good cost control strategy to sustain employee retention without incurring additional costs, especially in the wake of economic recession and recovery. Thus, recommended that the management of the Nigerian Breweries should institutionalise work ethics practices and educate employees of the organisation on the essence of the practices.

The oil and gas sector are in no doubt a very sensitive and equally a very important sector and majorly the main stay of Nigerian economy. Recent dropped in the prices of oil in the international market is of great concerned to all oil producing and exporting countries of which Nigeria is a major player. Colossal cost implications of collapsed business are enormous, detrimental, anti-economic growth and development but preventable if the early warning distress signals can be predicted. Thus, this study predicts financial distress in Nigeria oil and gas firms using multivariate approach. Longitudinal design was adopted for the study. Data were extracted from Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) fact books from year 2000 to 2018. Information obtained were arranged and collated in ratio analysis. Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) was used to predict the early warning signals and post-prediction differences were tested using t-test. The prediction results revealed the failure early warning signals in the study area to be earning before interest and tax (EBIT), working capital (WCA), and TAR with strong prediction accuracy. The study concluded that Nigerian oil and gas companies are susceptible to failure given the early warning signals identified. It is recommended that the sampled firms should take into cognizance the identified early warning signals to prevent financial distress and take preventive measures towards rejuvenation. Key words: Early warning signals, financial distress prediction, MDA, oil and gas firms, rejuvenation.

Four different mixing rules (MRs) in three equations of state (EOSs) have been used to account for the intermolecular forces of attraction between dissimilar molecules of different substances that form simple mixtures. The combined effects of the co-volumes of all constituent species of the mixtures were also considered, and the densities of these simple mixtures were predicted. Thereafter, the density results obtained were compared with accurately simulated experimental density values, and the effectiveness of these MRs was determined and compared. The four MRs compared are geometric mean average (GMA), whole square root average (SRA), Expanded geometric average (EGA), and simple average (SA) of attractive force parameter. They were all used in Van der Waals, Redlich Kwong, and Peng Robinson EOSs for two simple mixtures: a binary system (Ammonia – Water system) and a ternary mixture (methyl acetate – water – toluene system). It was found that GMA and EGA gave reasonably accurate estimates of the mixture attractive force parameter (am) and hence good density prediction for both Ammonia – Water and Methyl acetate – Water – Toluene systems. SRA gave unrealistic values of mixture densities for both systems and was discarded. SA gave a somewhat good result with Peng Robinson EOS for the ammonia-water system, but not that good in Redlich Kwong EOS and very poor in Van der Waals EOS. SA does not give reasonable estimates of the mixture densities with the three EOSs considered for the methyl acetate – water – toluene system.