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Interaction of two solitons of the different polarities in the framework of modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation is studied. Three types of soliton interaction are considered: exchange and overtaking for solitons of the same polarity, and absorb-emit for solitons of different polarity. Features of soliton interaction are studied in details. Since the interaction of solitons is an elementary act of soliton turbulence, the moments of the wave field up to fourth are studied, which are usually considered in the turbulence theory. It is shown that in the case of interaction of solitons of the same polarity the third and fourth moments of the wave field, which determine the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis in the theory of turbulence, are reduced, while in the case of interaction of solitons of different polarity these moments are increased. The results are compared with the estimations for the two-soliton interaction in the framework of the Korteweg - de Vries (KdV) equation., in Russian

Measurement results are presented on 85Kr content in the atmosphere over the European part of Russia in 1971-1995 based on the analysis of the commercial krypton, which is separated from air by industrial plants. Our results are by 15 per cent lower then 85Kr activites observed over West Europe. According our prediction by 2030 85Kr content in the atmosphere over Europe will amount to 1,5-3 Bq in m3 air. Average 85Kr release to the atmosphere from regeneration of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is estimated, some 180 TBq per a ton SNF. It is advisable to recommence monitoring of 85Kr content within Russia., 17 pages, in Russian, including 3 tables, 2 figures, to be published ANRY (in Russian)

Recent results of numerical simulations of fully nonlinear evolutionary equations for long-crested deep-water waves are discussed, where formation of extreme waves was observed. Several examples demonstrate that three-dimensionality of the fluid motion has an essential influence on the process of rogue wave formation. In particular, in the presence of elongate wave groups, the most tall extreme waves occur when in an initial state the wave fronts were oriented obliquely to the direction of the group. An "optimal" angle, resulting in the highest rogue waves, depends on initial wave amplitude and group width, and it is about 18-28 degrees in a practically important range of parameters. Besides that, the mechanism of spatial-temporal focusing on a random wave background has been simulated for several values of nonlinearity., 18 pages, in Russian, 21 figures, more numerical results included

The study of total ozone columns above Kiev and variations of ozone concentrations in the troposphere at different altitudes above Kiev was carried out using ground-based Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometric observations that are taken on a routine basis at the Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (MAO NASU). This study was performed within the framework of the international ESA-NIVR-KNMI OMI-AO project no.2907 entitled OMI validation by ground-based remote sensing: ozone columns and atmospheric profiles during the time frame 2005-2008. The infrared FTIR spectral observations of direct solar radiation in the wavelength range of 2-12 micron as transmitted through the Earth's atmosphere were performed during the months of April-October of each year. The aim of the project was the validation of total ozone columns and vertical ozone profiles as obtained by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)) onboard of the NASA EOS-Aura scientific satellite platform. The modeling of the ozone spectral band shape near 9.6 microns was performing with the MODTRAN code and a molecular band model based on the HITRAN-2004 molecular database. The a-priori information for the spectral modeling consisted of water vapor and temperature profiles from the NASA EOS-Aqua-AIRS satellite instrument, stratospheric ozone profiles from the NASA EOS-Aura-MLS satellite instrument, TEMIS-KNMI climatological ozone profiles and surface ozone concentration measurements performed at the specific times of infrared spectra observations. The troposphere ozone variability was analyzed for two typical episodes: the spring episode of enhanced total ozone columns and the summer episode of enhanced surface ozone concentrations., 15 pages, 9 figures, published in Kosmichna Nauka i Tekhnologiya (in russian), 2010, Vol. 16, No. 4, p. 3-12

An analysis of databases of photographic images of ocean's surface, taken from various altitudes and for various types of rough ocean surface, revealed the presence of an ocean's skeletal structures (OSS). The OSSs differ from the formerly found skeletal structures (SS) only by the fact that OSS, in their interior, are filled in with closely packed blocks of a smaller size, up to thin capillaries of tens of micron in size. According to suggested hypothesis, the structure-forming dust is produced due to volcanic activity and atmospheric electricity. Such SS may fall on the ocean surface and produce an OSS. This idea is supported by the adsorption of air bubbles in the water by the SS to give a partial flotation of SS. In the sea water, various substances in different phase states of matter are in touch. This suggests the hypothesis, for the possibility of the action of surface tension even on the blocks of SS which is immersed in the sea. This phenomenon results in the aggregation of blocks deposited from the atmosphere on the ocean's surface, to form eventually an OSS. The skeletal structuring assumes that the individual straight and rather strong blocks may be joined flexibly, similarly to joints in a skeleton. We make a stress on the phenomenon of OSS's blocks in the form of vertically oriented floating cylinders because here we suggest the hypothesis that the VFC's strength and floating is determined by; a capillary model of an OSS., 7 pages, 1 figure, in Russian