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В данной статье представлена оценка экологического состояния реки Черная, в которую осуществляется сброс сточных вод крупного нефтеперерабатывающего предприятия. В рамках исследования была проведена оценка текущего экологического состояния реки по гидрохимическим параметрам. Анализ химического состава воды был проведен в шести различных точках на всей протяженности реки. Работа включала анализ содержания металлов, нефтепродуктов, фенольных соединений и анионных поверхностно-активных веществ в воде и донных отложениях. Отражен вклад предприятия в загрязнение водной экосистемы. Результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости принятия мер для снижения воздействия сточных вод на экологическое состояние реки., This article presents an evaluation of the ecological condition of the Chernaya River, where wastewater from a large oil refinery is discharged. As part of the study, the current ecological condition of the river was assessed using hydrochemical parameters. Water chemistry was analysed at six different points along the length of the river. The work included an analysis of the content of metals, oil products, phenolic compounds and anionic surfactants in the water and bottom sediments. The contribution of the enterprise to the pollution of the aquatic ecosystem was shown. The results indicate the necessity of taking measures to reduce the impact of wastewater on the ecological state of the river., Journal of Agriculture and Environment, Выпуск 6 (34) 2023

The paper presents the results of the determination of heavy metals in drinking water samples from centralized water supply systems and wells of individual water supply of the Sverdlovsk region. It was found that the content of copper ions in the samples does not exceed its maximum permissible concentration, and the content of lead and cadmium ions in most samples is higher than the permissible norms. It is established that water samples from Nizhny Tagil and Serov are more contaminated with cadmium. The causes of drinking water pollution are discussed. It was found that the pollution of water from the centralized water supply systems with heavy metals is mainly due to the non-compliance of the operated water pipes with sanitary and hygienic requirements. Groundwater pollution is caused by the infiltration of industrial effluents containing heavy metals from storage and sedimentation tanks through soil. It is shown that numerous industrial enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region aggravate the process of pollution of surface and groundwater with heavy metals. The unsatisfactory quality of water in terms of the content of heavy metals in Sverdlovsk region is revealed. The authors dwell on the need to continue research to determine the content of other heavy metals in water and expand the geography of sampling in the region in order to assess more accurately the quality of water.

Aim. The aim is to study the species composition of the dragonfly larvae community of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. Materials and methods. The research is based on the long-term study (2014-2017) of dragonflies of the Republic. The collection and processing of the materials were carried out using methods generally accepted in entomological research. Results. The article presents data on the composition and distribution of communities of dragonfly larvae, which are an information source for the biological indication of the state of natural aquatic ecosystems and are model bio-indicators for environmental monitoring. In the course of the study, 25 species of dragonfly larvae belonging to three suborders of Zygoptera, Anisoptera and Caloptera were identified. The distribution of larvae in water bodies of the steppe zone and their biotopes is inhomogeneous and is determined by the ecological and biological features of the species. Conclusions . The distribution of dragonflies on water habitats is associated with the quantity and quality of biotopes that are convenient for colonization, the temperature regime, the composition and quality of the natural forage reserve and the ability of the larvae of dragonflies to pass through their entire life cycle and their ecological and biological characteristics.

Aim. The aim of this work was the comprehensive study of the ecological state of water objects of the Volga River delta. Methods. The following methods were used: field (collection, observation, organoleptic), uniform chemical analysis techniques are based on colorimetric, settlement, photometric, spectrometric measurement methods. Results. On the basis of results of researches for 2010-2014 performed a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the content of hydro-chemical indicators of environmental quality in waters of the Volga River delta and the residential areas of the background. Applying an integrated approach to the study of biological indicators of water quality. Created digitized map of the quality of aquatic ecosystems of the Volga River delta. Displaying modern ecological condition of watercourses investigated, determined the degree of contamination, the overall trophic and saprobic. Main conclusions. The work has identified adverse environmental situation in water objects of the Astrakhan and the surrounding areas. Average annual concentrations of toxicological substances water objects in the background zone 10 times less than in the water objects of settlements. As a result of work on the basis of ArcGis 10.2.2 created information environment "Eco-monitor", which is a systematic set of information, and quantitatively characterizing the ecological status of water objects. Created on the basis of ArcGis 10.2.2 information environment monitoring system of waterways allows for a temporary and spatial analysis, to assess the quality of different streams in the control sections.

Приводятся данные о видах-индикаторах в основных биоиндикационных системах, которые могут быть использованы в оценке качества поверхностных вод естественных ландшафтов, наряду с имеющимися. Изложены основные аспекты биоиндикации, экосистемного анализа и оценки состояния водных экосистем, определена сфера их практического применения. Показана возможность оценки состояния водной экосистемы сопоставлением оценок по среде и по биотической составляющей. Представлены оригинальные индексы состояния водной экосистемы WESI, а также интегральный индекс загрязнения реки RPI, которые могут оптимизировать систему мониторинга качества вод природных ландшафтов. Приводятся сокращенные интегральные таблицы, необходимые для классификации качества воды с экологических позиций., Information about algal species-indicators in the main bioindication systems is provided that can be used to assess the quality of surface waters in natural landscapes along with the available ones. The main aspects of bioindication, ecosystem analysis and assessment of the state of aquatic ecosystems are described, the scope of their practical application is determined. The possibility of assessing the state of the aquatic ecosystem by comparing the estimates for the environment and the biotic components is represented. The original WESI aquatic ecosystem status indices as well as the integrated RPI river pollution index have been represented that can optimize the monitoring system for the quality of water natural in natural landscapes. The short integrated tables necessary for classifying water quality from ecological positions are given.

С тех пор как с 1940-х годов началось массовое производство пластмассовых изделий, проблема загрязнение окружающей среды пластиковыми отходами только растет. За последние два десятилетия количество пластикового мусора возросло на порядки и даже растет более быстрыми темпами, чем производство пластмассы. Пластиковые отходы стали наиболее обычными, разнообразными и широко распространенными. Микропластик – новая угроза экологическому благополучию водных экосистем и здоровью человека на всех уровнях от молекулярного до популяционного. В настоящее время методы его определения и идентификации находятся в стадии становления и апробации. В статье рассмотрены современные подходы к оценке и мониторингу микропластика в водных объектах. Выполнено обобщение методов отбора проб и особенностей их анализа с целью установления обилия, типа, размера, формы, цвета, стадии деградации, химического состава и возможных источников поступления микропластика., Since the mass production of plastics began in the 1940s, plastic contamination has been a growing problem. However, in the last two decades, the deposition rate accelerated past the rate of production, and plastics are now one of the most common, abundant, and widespread pollutants. Microplastic is a new threat to the ecological well-being of aquatic ecosystems and human health at all levels from molecular to population. Currently, the methods of its identification and quantification are in the stage of formation and testing. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state of research activities on the application of assessing and monitoring of microplastic in waters. The sampling techniques and analytical methods for identification and quantification of microplastics are reviewed. Several main goals for the detection of microplastics were indicated: abundance, type, size, shape, color, degradation stage, chemical composition, and possible sources.

The present study aims to investigate the responses of microbial communities to sewage discharges in coastal ecosystems of the Caspian Sea, Absheron peninsula and the Red Sea near Jeddah Saudi Arabia. The article describes the general physical–geographical locations, climatic conditions, the degree of the salts of the waters of the seas, the presence of heavy metals, their concentration, the degree of exposure to anthropogenic impact. The species and quantitative composition of microorganisms in the water of the seas were studied, a comparative analysis of data obtained, problems and ways of their solution were carried out.

Исследована многолетняя динамика малого водохранилища, использовавшегося для открытых горных работ гидромеханизированным способом в течение 27 лет. Современные характеристики водохранилища свидетельствуют, что за последующие 16 лет произошла стабилизация его экосистемы и в настоящее время оно перешло из категории природно-технических систем в категорию лимнических систем искусственного происхождения. Рекультивация «водным зеркалом» территории бывшего гидроотвала достаточна, и ликвидация водохранилища нецелесообразна., The long-term dynamics of a small reservoir used for open-cast mining by hydro-mechanization during 27 year period is studied. Modern characteristics of the reservoir are evidence of its ecosystem stabilization over the last 16 years; from a category of natural-technical it went over into a category of man-made limnological systems. The water surface based reclamation of the site of the former hydraulic mine dump is sufficient, and the reservoir elimination is unreasonable., №2(13) (2017)

The paper presents results of investigations of zinc and manganese concentration in the water, bottom deposits and ichthyofauna of Yavoriv water reservoir, which was formed in 2002 in frames of project of Yavoriv sulfur quarry revitalization. Mentioned elements are characterized by wide spectrum of action in fish body, which, depending on their concentration, can be either physiologic or toxic. It was revealed, that concentration of Zn and Mn in the water of Yavoriv water reservoir varied considerably depending on place of samples taking. The lowest Zn concentration in the water was below 1 MPL (maximum permitted level), namely 0.6 µg/l, and the highest – more than 7 MPL (70.5 µg/l). Similar differences were observed concerning Mn concentration in the water – the range of determined values varied from 3.3 (0.3 MPL) to 48.6 µg/l. The same peculiarities of Zn and Mn distribution were estimated in regard to their content in bottom deposits. In particular, difference of Zn concentration in samples of bottom deposits was near 23 times – from 5.4 to 230.0 mg/kg depending on the point of samples taking. Mn content in bottom deposits varies from 61.5 to 1500 mg/kg. Zn and Mn concentration in skeletal muscles, gills and skin of perch and rudd didn’t exceed MPL regardless their content in the water and bottom deposits. In most of cases, gills accumulated these elements more than other investigated tissues.

This article is focused on the analytical aspects to be addressed when evaluating an oil pollution of aqueous ecosystems associated with a complexity of oil and petroleum product content and its transformation after entering the water environment. The field of application of different determination techniques of petroleum products in water and sediments is considered based on the example of the analysis of petroleum product determination methods included in the State Registry of methods approved for the state ecological control and monitoring, and on the experimental data of Azov Sea water and sediments monitoring. Over time, the ratio of the optical properties of petroleum hydrocarbons in IR-spectral region is changing because of their qualitative and quantitative transformation, which leads to significant inconsistencies in data obtained by different methods. It is shown that hydrocarbons accumulated in samples of water and sediments are different in their content: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulated in sediments resist the degradation while their proportion in aqueous medium is insignificant. For an adequate evaluation of oil pollution of aqueous ecosystem the advisability to measure several optical characteristics (the absorption intensity in IR-spectral region and luminescence intensity) is shown. The opportunity to use a certain mixture as a standard solution of hydrocarbons for graduation curves in the analysis of water bodies for IR-spectral and luminescence determination methods of petroleum products is described. The proposed mixture consists of 37% hexadecane, 33% isooctane, 29.97% benzene и 0.03% fluoranthene (weight %). It has the total extinction coefficient equal to the extinction coefficient of Simard mixture, and the intensity of its luminescence occupies an intermediate position between the most disparate lightweight and heavy-weight petroleum products as well as coincides with the intensity of the bilge water which is the main source of oil pollution in water bodies.Key words: aquatic ecosystem, oil pollution, content transformation, methods description(Russian)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2016.20.3.006 Z.А. Temerdashev1, L.Ph. Pavlenko2, I.G.Karpokova1, Ya.S. Ermakova2, V.S. Ekilik2 1Kuban State University Stavropolskaya ul., 149, Krasnodar, 350040, Russian Federation2Azov Fisheries Research InstituteBeregovaya ul., 21в, Rostov-na-Donu, 344002, Russian Federation, В работе рассмотрены аналитические аспекты, требующие решения при оценке нефтяного загрязнения водных экосистем, связанные со сложностью состава нефти и нефтепродуктов и трансформацией его после поступления в водную среду. На примере анализа методик определения нефтепродуктов, включенных в Государственный реестр методик, допущенных для государственного экологического контроля и мониторинга, и полученных экспериментальных данных мониторинга воды и донных отложениях Азовского моря рассматриваются области применимости различных методик определения нефтепродуктов в воде и донных отложениях. С течением времени соотношение оптических свойств нефтяных углеводородов в ИК-области спектра в силу трансформации их качественного и количественного состава меняется, что приводит к существенному разночтению данных, полученных разными методиками. Показано, что накапливаемые в пробах воды и донных отложениях углеводороды различны по составу, в донных отложениях накапливаются стойкие к процессам деградации полициклические ароматические углеводороды, в то время, как в водной среде их доля незначительна. Для адекватной оценки нефтяного загрязнения водной экосистемы показана целесообразность выполнения измерения нескольких оптических характеристик (интенсивность поглощения в инфракрасной области спектра и интенсивность люминесценции). Показана целесообразность применения в качестве стандартного образца углеводородов для построения градуировочных графиков при анализе водных объектов как для ИК-спектрометрического, так и люминесцентного методов определения нефтепродуктов смеси, состоящей из 37 % гексадекана, 33 % изооктана, 29.97 % бензола и 0.03 % флуорантена (массовые %), имеющей суммарный коэффициент погашения, равный коэффициенту погашения смеси Симарда, а интенсивность ее люминесценции занимает промежуточное положение между наиболее различающимися по составу тяжелыми и легкими нефтепродуктами и совпадает с интенсивностью льяльных вод, являющихся одними из основных источников нефтяного загрязнения водных объектов. Ключевые слова: водные экосистемы, нефтяное загрязнение, трансформация состава, характеристика методик DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2016.20.3.006