Search

The tolerability and efficiency of specific chemotherapy with albendazole were analyzed in 18 patients with cystic echinococcosis at various sites. The most common complication of albendazole treatment was its hepatotoxic effect. Al- bendazole chemotherapy during at least its 3 cycles was observed to be highly effective in preventing recurrent echinococ- cosis in children. If there were small-sized hydatid cysts in the liver and lung, there was a reduction in their number and sizes after 4-5 albendazole treatment cycles.

Lungworm infection is caused by a Dictyocaulus filaria nematode parasitizing the bronchi and bronchioles of sheep and goats. Various anthelmintics, including albendazole, levamisole, fenbendazole, ivermectins, and others, are used to treat the animals. The aim of this investigation was to study the impact of lungworm infestation on the biochemical parameters of animals during combination treatment with albendazole and T- and B-activin. Experiments were carried out in 20 uninfected mongrel lambs aged 4-5 months. Infectious D.filaria larvae were given with water to 15 lambs once orally at a dose of 1000 larvae per head. 5 uninfected lambs served as a control group. The time course of changes in serum bio- chemical parameters was studied in animals. Treatment with Albena in combination with T- and B-activin in lambs ex- perimentally infested with lungworm was found to restore their biochemical reactivity. After sheep treatment with Albena alone, biochemical parameters were noted to tend to normalize, but their normal full recovery did not take place.

The article presents data on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis C in combination with opisthorchosis invasion. With the system approach considers the specific features of the clinical, laboratory and functional data in patients with combined pathology. Observed frequency of the pain, asthenic and allergic cholestatic syndromes, the latter as part of the triad Paltsev. The high efficiency of the placenta hydrolisat - laennec, as means of pathogenetic therapy.

Results of examination and treatment of 326 patients, suffering hepatic echinococcosis, in whom 449 surgical interventions were performed, were analyzed. In 123 patients the disease recurrence was diagnosed. In 80 (17.8%) patients laparoscopic access was applied, in 261 (58.1%)--laparotomic, in 108 (24.1%)--the puncture treatment of parasitic cysts under ultrasonographic investigation control. There was established, that the residual cavity walls after echinococcectomy, if the condition of their chemical and thermal processing do not constitute a danger for the disease recurrence occurrence, but the residual cavity suppuration or formation of durably persisting residual cavities in liver is possible. So the optimal operative intervention must be echinococcectomy with partial resection of fibrose capsule with the thinned hepatic parenchyma.

Results of examination and treatment of 326 patients, suffering hepatic echinococcosis, in whom 449 surgical interventions were performed, were analyzed. In 123 of them the disease recurrence was diagnosed, and laparoscopic, laparotomy and puncture interventions were applied. Conduction of active screening examination of population in the regions, endemic for echinococcosis, application of effective intraoperative methods for prophylaxis of abdominal dissemination of invasive material, usage of antiparasitic chemical and thermal processing of cystic contents and its walls, left after echinococcectomy performance, postoperative prophylactic application of antiparasitic medicinal therapy have had permitted to lower the hepatic echinococcosis recurrence rate (down to 1.3% in last 5 yrs).

The paper describes the development of alopecia with a patient with echinocccosis alveolaris during treatment with Nemozole (albandazole). To decide to continue or to discontinue Nemozole treatment in the development of alopecia, the patient should be given full information on the risk of alopecia to his life and quality of life as compared to the sequels of recurrent hydatid disease when Nemozole is discontinued.

The aim of the research was to conduct the analysis of the epidemiology of opisthorchiasis in Ukraine and Sumy region. It was found that in Sumy region the morbidity of population was 27.7 per 100 thousand of population. Incidence rate was almost 27 times higher in Suma region than in the rest of the country. The clinical course of the disease in endemic region was characterized by a high percentage of the latent form of invasion. The investigation showed that the most effective drug for the causal treatment of opisthorchiasis is praziquantel.

THE PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Present new data on the causative agent, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of opisthorchiasis., Recent Literature Data: When samples of parasites were genotyped by novel nuclear marker Pm-int9, it was shown various properties of Opisthorchis viverrini, O. felineus and C. sinensis. It has been proven the oxidant damage to DNA of biliary epithelium cells infected with opisthorchiasis, and overexpressed of cellular protooncogene c-Ski, as well as platelet-derived growth factor alpha (Pdgfa) gene, which in some cases leads to the development of cholangiocarcinoma. Describes the innovations in the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis: primers OP1 and OP2 are used to amplify the ITS2 region rDNK eggs and metacercariae of Opisthorchis in feces. Opisthorchiasis treatment remains traditional - praziquantel, at least - with albendazole. Treatment of opisthorchiasis patients with praziquantel was shown to reduce inflammation-mediated tissue damage and carcinogenesis.

Objective: to study the clinical and functional state of the liver in patients with psoriasis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis (CO)., Subjects and Methods: Twenty-eight patients with psoriasis concurrent with CO, 15 patients with CO, 15 patients with the enlarged liver, and 15 healthy individuals were examined. Serum biochemical study and ultrasonography of the liver and gallbladder were used., Results and Discussion: The patients with comorbidity were found to have hepatomegaly with syndromes of cytolysis, cholestasis, and mesenchymal inflammation of more degrees than those from Groups 2 and 3., Conclusion: The found clinical and functional liver changes in patients with psoriasis concurrent with CO make it necessary to perform anthelmintic therapy in this category of patients.

The paper compares the data of parasitological studies made according to the plan and epidemiological indications with the results of screening surveys of 1256 children from the Batken Region. The proportion of positive findings at the laboratories of therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions was found to total 4.5%. According to the results of the screening surveys, the invasiveness was more than 100% with mixed invasions being kept in mind. Analysis of replies to questionnaires suggests that there was a high risk of infection in children. Thus, 84% of the respondents had bad habits; 62% did not wash fruits before eating. The Batken Region's population including 345984 persons was dehelmintized. The screening surveys carried out after dehelmintization revealed no ascarid eggs in 637 children. Health education on the prevention of parasitic diseases was simultaneously conducted.

The aim of our study was to estimate the cytokins changes (TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-8, IL-4) in patients with combination of chronic opisthorhosis and Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis and to estimate degelmintizational therapy with biltricid on cytokine levels. The 55 patients were investigated and divided on two groups: isolated opisthorhosis -- 20 patients and opisthorhosis in combination with Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis -- 35 patients. In both groups of patients was estimated the increase of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-8, IL-4 levels. The treatment with biltricid allow to decrease the TNF alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8 levels and to increase IL-4 level, especially in patients with combination of chronic opisthorhosis and Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis.

A total of 56 patients were examined. It is revealed that there is a significant increase of concentration of indirect bilirubin, cholesterol, albumins in cystic bile after monotherapy with praziquantel as compared to healthy persons. It is evidence of high bile lithogenicity, defined lower result of lithogenesis resolution after ongoing therapy (29%). Inclusion of ursodeoxycholic acid into anthelmintic therapy makes it possible to reach more significant litholitical effect of ongoing therapy (70,5%).

Experiments have established the high efficacy of combinations of the micronized dosage form of trichlorophen, with albendazole or medamine in treating trichocephaliasis (its causative agent being Trichocephalus muris) in DBA/2st mice and that of trichlorophen in combination with azinox or fenasal in outbred albino mice with hymenolepiasis (its causative agent being Hymenolepis nana). These combinations are promising in treating patients with cestodosis and nemadosis, respectively.

Trials of trichlorophen have shown its high efficacy on models of cestode infections: hymenolepiasis (at the adult and cysticercoid stages of development on three types of animals: outbred albino mice, albino rats and golden hamsters), preimaginal echinococciasis alveolaris, larval alveolar echinococciasis (at the early stage of development of the parasite in experiments on cotton rats). The high nematodical activity of trichlorophen was first found on models of trichocephaliasis in DBA/2y mice, nippostrongyloidiasis (in in vitro experiments), and aspiculuriasis in outbred mice. The agent proved to be ineffective at the tissue developmental stage of Hymenolepsis nana (H. nana), the dwarf tapeworm, in albino mice, during experimental opisthorchiasis in golden hamsters. It showed a low efficacy in treating trichinosis in outbred albino mice. Unlike carbamatebenzimidazoles, trichlorophen was inactive at the tissue stage of H. nana; it exerted no effects on the eggs of a dwarf tapeworm in trichinosis. Trichlorophen was also inactive in treating experimental opisthorchiasis in golden hamsters.

A response of a complex of biochemical parameters of hepatic function to therapeutic exposures was studied at different stages of development of Opisthorchis invasion. The activity of AST, ALT, GGT, GGT, AP, AM, and CE and the concentration of bilirubin, cholesterol, and glucose in the sera from 232 patients with acute or chronic opisthorchiasis were studied. Their study was conducted in several steps: before treatment, after a course of pathogenetic therapy, 1-3 days after antihelminthic therapy with bilthricide and azinox, in early (following 1-3 months) and late (following more than 6 months) residual periods. Pathogenetic therapy was found to alleviate an acute inflammatory process in the liver, but without eliminating cholestasis completely. Antihelminthic therapy improved the results of hepatic tests in different periods after treatment for acute or chronic opisthorchiasis in relation to the rate of compensation of structural lesions. By and large, after pathogenetic and antihelminthic therapy for opisthorchiasis the parameters characterizing the cytolytic syndrome became more rapidly than those that reflect the biliary system. However, there was no complete recovery of impaired hepatic and pancreatic functions throughout the follow-up.

The article presents the results of the treatment of 43 patients with echinococcosis of the liver the course of which was complicated by mechanical jaundice (MJ). In 11 patients MJ arose as a result of cystic content break into the bile ducts, in 32 patients, due to cystic compression of the lobular bile ducts. An effective scheme of the patients' examination is proposed which involved present-day ultrasound, X-ray and endoscopic methods. The system of objective evaluation of the patients' condition is outlined as designed for planning surgical policy. In non-severe disease the patients are operated after standard preparation within 24 hours after hospitalization. If the disease is more severe, the patients demand preparation including extracorporeal detoxication and cholangiostomy. In serious conditions the operations are made to remove the cyst content and cholestasis. This differentiated diagnostic and therapeutic policy diminished postoperative lethality from 15.2 to 6.9%.

The higher absorptivity of neutrophils during their alpha-tocopherol stimulation has been found to promote lower adaptability in the metacercariae of Opisthorchis felineus, a reverse picture was observed when cyclophosphanum was used. The antihelminthic effect of biltricide is probably to be unassociated with the changed functional activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but to be determined by its direct action on helminths. This phenomenon was studied on golden hamsters inoculated with Opisthorchis felineus. On day 2 after inoculation, the following drugs were given for a fortnight: biltricide in a single dose of 60 mg/kg weight; biltricide used in a daily fractionated dose of 60 mg/kg; cyclophosphanum (6 mg/kg, every second day); alpha-tocopherol in a daily dose of 30 mg every day.

A procedure has been developed to prepare the anthelminthic Rilanide as a fine-dispersed formulation. The therapeutical dose of the agent in fascioliasis and intestinal nematodiasis is 60 mg/kg (for sheep), if given alone, and 100 mg/kg, if added to feed.

The impact of the new helminthicide Tegalide, a dibromobenzamide derivative, on its pharmacology was investigated. The agent given as a fine-dispersed form was found to be more intensively absorbed by the body and to be in animals' blood for a longer period of time (MRT fine-dispersed and MVR coarse-dispersed were 88.5 and 50.4 hours, respectively). As the fine-dispersed fraction of Tegalide increased, its bioavailability showed an equivalent increase.

The authors describe the technology of preparing a new anthelmintic agent triclazan, N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-4-sulfonyl)amino]-5- chlorobenzamide, finely dispersed (the particles size 4-8 mu). Triclazan is highly effective not only in hymenolepiasis and trichocephaliasis, as was shown previously, but in fascioliasis, monieziasis and intestinal nematodiasis of sheep as well.

Pharmacokinetic studies of a new anthelminthic tegalid, made in this country, were carried out. The drug concentrations in biologic material were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The drug was found to circulate for a rather long time in the blood, virtually not accumulating in any of the examined organs, except the liver. Tegalid pharmacokinetics can be fairly well approximated by a unicompartmental model with due consideration for its absorption.

Results of the studies of large intestine microflora, enterokinase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the feces of 298 children and adults suffering from trichocephaliasis are presented. Intestinal dysbacteriosis was observed in 51.7% cases, increased enterokinase activity, in 57.6% cases and increased alkaline phosphatase activity, in 55% cases. Enteric enzyme activity relation to the state of enteric microflora is demonstrated. Specific bephenium hydroxynaphthoate and mebendazole treatment was followed by increased dysbacteriosis and higher intestinal enzyme activity, especially in case of bephenium hydroxynaphthoate treatment. Normalization of the above-mentioned parameters was observed 90-120 days after the end of the treatment.