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Aim: to assess antihypertensive efficacy of the fixed-dose amlodipine/indapamide/perindopril arginine combination in hypertensive patients in real clinical setting., Methods: We included in the 3‑month clinical program 1 599 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) (38.8 % men, mean age 61.6±10 years). Primary outcomes were change of office and ambulatory (home blood pressure monitoring) systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) from baseline to 3 months and rate of achievement of target BP.

Aim of the METR study - to assess effect of antihypertensive therapy with fixed combination of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril (10 mg) and calcium antagonist amlodipine (5 mg) on parameters of arterial wall stiffness and central hemodynamics in patients with stage I-II essential hypertension (EH) and functional class II-III ischemic heart disease. Combination therapy was associated with persistent lowering of central arterial pressure, decrease of augmentation index and other parameters of arterial wall stiffness, and reduction of left ventricular myocardial mass. These changes have a potential to lower risk of cardiovascular complications and improve prognosis of patients with EH.

Aim: to study effectiveness of a fixed combination of perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate for the treatment of arterial hypertension with concomitant chronic cardiac insufficiency and signs of chronic kidney disease Materials and methods: 53 (44.9%) patients aged 64.5±8.2 yr with signs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were selected from 118 subjects with grade II-III essential AH and chronic cardiac insufficiency They had an increased blood cystatin C level (mean 1.4±0.3 mg/l) and/or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated by 3 formulas: 77.6±15.9 (MDRD), 79.3±17.1 (CKD-EPI) and 57.7±15.2 ml/min/1. 73 m3 (from cystatin C level). Fixed combinations of perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate (5/5, 5/10, 10/10 mg) were used to treat the patients. Their effectiveness was evaluated 2 months after the onset of therapy based on results of AP measurement, 24 hr AP monitoring, assessment of clinical conditions and 6 min walk test. Blood creatinine, urea and cystatin C levels and GFR were measured., Results: Target AP was achieved in 82.6% of the patients. Systolic AP (SAP) decreased significantly from 172±11.2 to 135.7±8.2 mmHg (p<0.01), diastolic AP (DAP)from 110±6.9 to 85.3±7.2 mm Hg (p<0.5). Mean daily SAP and DAP decreased by 14.7 and 14.4% respectively. SAP and DAP load also decreased Clinical conditions estimated in terms of the CCI functional class improved (a decrease from 6.2±1.1 to 4.2±1.3 scores (p<0.01)). Tolerance of physical activity increased from 157.2±12.6 to 320.4±32.2 m (p<0.05). Blood cystatin C level decreased and GFR increased., Conclusion: The fixed combination of perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate ensures high therapeutic effect in patients with arterial hypertension and concomitant chronic cardiac insufficiency having signs of chronic kidney disease.

Aim: To estimate changes in treatment adherence and motivation and quality of life in Prestance-treated population of the observational CONSTANTA program., Subjects and Methods: The effect of Prestance on treatment adherence and motivation and quality of life was evaluated in 2435 participants of the CONSTANTA program. It included patients with uncontrolled hypertension who generally received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists alone or in conjunction with free or fixed-dose combinations of 2-3 antihypertensive agents and who were additionally given Prestance to correct antihypertensive therapy, as decided by their doctors. The goal blood pressure (BP) was less than <140/90 mm Hg for all the patients. A modified Morisky- Green questionnaire was used to measure adherence, motivation, and awareness in the patients. Their treatment lasted three months., Results: A total of 1992 (81.8%) patients in the analyzed group achieved the goal BP. When included in the study, 1076 (44.2%) patients were defined as adherent to therapy; the mean adherence index was equal to 3.12 ± 0.86 scores; at 3 months of therapy, the number of adherents increased up to 1997 (82%) and the mean adherence index rose up to 3.6 ± 0.74 scores. With high baseline motivation, its mean score was 1.25 ± 0.79 in 40.1% of the patients; at 3 months the number of the motivated rose up to 70.9% (p < 0.05) and the mean score was as high as 1.75 ± 0.60 (p < 0/05). At baseline, 44.2% of the patients showed a high awareness; its mean score was 1.42 ± 1.12; at 3 months of therapy, both indicators significantly increased up to 82% (p < 0.05) and 2.38 ± 0.80, respectively., Conclusion: The well tolerable BP lowering during Prestance therapy is attended by a substantial rise in treatment adherence and motivations in the patients even in the absence of special purposeful measures.

Results of an open multicenter prospective postmarketing observational program EKSPERT (post-marketing surveillance of the effectiveness and impact of the EKVATOR treatment on quality of life in patients with arterial hypertension in ambulatory practice). Observation of 10 000 patients conducted in 300 medical center in various regions of the Russian Federation in 1005 doctors. Selected for the final analysis 4954 registration cards. It is shown that in patients with initially insufficient effective antihypertensive treatment has a large number of risk factors: men older than 55 years--56.5%, women older than 65 years--27.8%, unfavorable family history of arterial hypertension (AH)--87.9%, diabetes mellitus (DM)--13.4%, smoking--of patients 18.6%, obesity--35%, angina--35.59%, heart failure--41.3% with a history of myocardial infarction--10.9%, stroke--4.5%, renal disease--11.8%, hypercholesterolemia > 5.0 mmol/l--76.7%. Initially drug antihypertensive treatment was performed in 76.6% of patients, while 43.9% were treated regularly. Prior studies angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) afforded 60.56%, sartans--11% of patients, beta-blockers--41.9%, duretics--41.46%, calcium antagonists used in 21.42% of the patients. After the cancellation of previously used other ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists and sartans patients were switched to therapy with the EKVATOR (amlodipine and lisinopril). Intensity reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) did not depend on sex of the patients, the presence of angina, diabetes. Greater reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive duration more than 5 years, in the presence of congestive heart failure due to more frequent initiation of therapy with full-dose combination (amlodipine 10 mg and lisinopril 20 mg). After 1 months of starting therapy changes uorvney target blood pressure (< 140 and 90 mmHg) reached 51.5% of patients. Target SBP reached 59.7% of patients, the target level of DBP--69.4%. It is important that the majority of patients crossed over lowti graduation SBP and DBP and significantly improved their quality of life assessment. Incidence of adverse events was low--1.5% of them are the most common were swelling in the legs, headache, dizziness, and dry cough. Replacing the previous therapy different ACE inhibitors, sartans and calcium antagonists to the fixed combination amlodipine and lisinopril) (drug EKVATOR), leads to a rapid, pronounced, and safe reduction of BP and improve health in the majority of patients with previously uncorrected BP.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed-term combination of β-blocker bisoprolol and the calcium antagonist amlodipine in the outpatient treatment of patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and coronary heart disease (CHD). The study involved 100 patients with hypertension 1-3 first degree and CHD, which previous antihypertensive therapy was ineffective or irregular. Inclusion in the treatment regimen of amlodipine was associated with significant decrease in blood pressure (BP) with the achievement of the target level of systolic blood pressure of 90%, diastolic blood pressure--in 97% of cases after 4 weeks treatment. Analysis of the dynamics of the heart rate during the visits to the doctor and the patient diary data revealed a significant slowing on the background of the therapy, which is important for patients with coronary artery disease. In carrying out daily monitoring of ECG Holter dynamics observed a decrease in the average duration of episodes of depression segment ST on 50.5% (p < 0.05) and the number of ischemic episodes at 54.8% (p < 0.05). The use of fixed-dose combination of bisoprolol and amlodipine allowed to increase the compliance of patients with treatment 2.2 times.

Aim: of the study was to assess efficacy of the use of fixed combination of nebivolol and amlodipine in patients with moderate and high degree of arterial hypertension (AH)., Material and Methods: Patients with diagnosis of primary AH (n=124) were divided into 2 groups by random sample method. Patients of group 1 (n=62) received of fixed combination of nebivolol and amlodipine, while those of group 2 (n=62) received free combination of nebivolol and amlodipine. Study drugs were administered both as initial therapy and replacement of preceding treatment. Duration of observation was 3 months with visits after first 2 weeks and in 1, 2, and 3 months after enrollment., Results: Starting from 2nd week visit of fixed combination of nebivolol and amlodipine treated patients had significantly lower levels of systolic and diastolic AP. Already after 2 weeks of combined two-component therapy 60% of group 1 and 52% of group 2 patients achieved target AP. Target AP was achieved by the end of month 1 by 86 and 71%, of month 2 - by 93 and 78% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In 3 months almost all patients had target AP, but in 1.6% of group 1 and 2.3% of group 2 patients this level was achieved after addition of a thiazide diuretic. Patients receiving of fixed combination of nebivolol and amlodipine achieved noromosyslolia more quickly compared with patients who received free combination of nebivolol and amlodipine., Conclusion: Combined therapy with fixed combination of nebivolol and amlodipine appears to be one of effective approaches to treatment of patients with moderate and high degree AH.

Aim: to assess efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 4 fixed irbesartan/amlodipine combinations in hypertensive patients resistant to monotherapy with 150 mg irbesartan or 5 mg amlodipine in a 16 week prospective open uncontrolled randomized multicenter study., Material and Methods: We included in this study 158 patients with essential arterial hypertension (AH) (mean age 57.6 ± 10.1 years, 119 women) receiving monotherapy with 150 mg irbesartan (n=78; 49.4%) or 5 mg amlodipine (n=80; 50.6%). Patients not achieving target arterial pressure (AP) <140/90 mm (n=149) Hg were given fixed irbesartan/amlodipine combination 150/5 mg. If target AP was not achieved patients were randomized to 150/10 or 300/5 mg combinations. If necessary after 4 more weeks these doses were increased to maximal (300/10 mg). Thus 4 fixed irbesartan/amlodipine combinations were used: 150/5, 150/10, 300/5, 300/10 mg. Primary criterion of efficacy was portion of patients with target AP at last visit. Safety was assessed by presence of unfavorable events, clinical and laboratory parameters., Results: After 16 weeks 43, 23.5, 23.5 and 8.7% of patients received 150/5, 150/10, 300/5 and 300/10 mg combinations, respectively. At final visit 93.3% of patients had AP <140/90 mm Hg. Mean AP lowering in the total group was -21.7 ± 9.1/-10.9 ± 10.8mm Hg (<0.0001). There were 2 cases of ankle edema (5.7%) but no withdrawals due to unfavorable events. There were no differences between 4 dosing regimens in laboratory and clinical parameters of safety and tolerability., Conclusion: In patients with AH not achieving target AP on monotherapy with irbesartan 150 or amlodipine 5 mg administration of irbesartan/amlodipine combination with possibility of dose titration using 4 fixed combinations was effective in 93.3% of patients, resulted in significant systolic and diastolic AP lowering in all therapeutic groups, was well tolerated and safe.

Aim: To collect information on the efficiency and safety of a fixed-dose combination of amlodipine/valsartan in patients who failed to achieve blood pressure (BP) control in the use of the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and a thiazide/thiazide-like diuretic., Subjects and Methods: During routine clinical practice, the 12-week observation program covered 8594 hypertensive patients receiving a fixed-dose combination of amlodipine/valsartan 5/160, 10/160 mg (exforge, Novartis Pharma) with/without a diuretic. The inclusion criteria were 18 years of age or older; systolic BP > OR = 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP > or = 90 mm Hg) at the first visit; failure to achieve BP (> or = 140/90 mm Hg) control in the use of the combination of an ACE inhibitor or an ARB and a thiazide/ thiazide-like diuretic; a patient's consent to participate in the program. The exclusion criteria were, besides the contraindications given in the drug use instruction, absent. Amlodipine/valsartan 5/160 or 10/160 mg were used after the previous ineffective therapy was discontinued. The patients visited their physician's office every 4 weeks., Results: The patients' baseline BP was 169.3/99.9 mm Hg. The risk of cardiovascular events was assessed as high in 38% of the patients and as very high in 43.1%. The previous therapy included thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics (92%), an ACE inhibitor (78.5%), an ARB (23.2%), beta-adrenoblockers (38.6%), calcium antagonists (23.1%), and other medications (25.5%). In the entire group, BP decreased from 169.3 +/- 15.6/99.9 +/- 9.3 to 129.1 +/- 9.1/80.3 +/- 6.4 mm Hg at the fourth visit. BP reductions at 12 weeks were 40.1 +/- 14.9/19.6 +/- 9.5 mm Hg. The therapy was effective in different treatment subgroups. At baseline, the majority of patients had grades 2 (53.1%) and 3 (35.4%) hypertension. At 12 weeks, 74% of the patients were found to have normal or high normal BP. Grade 3 hypertension was preserved only in 0.2% of the patients by the end of the program. BP goals were achieved in 79.5% of the patients. The therapy was well tolerated by the patients. Adverse reactions were observed in 3.1% of the patients and required treatment discontinuation in 0.5%. The most common side effect was peripheral edemas (1.4%)., Conclusion: In the observation program AESCULAP using the fixed-dose combination of amlodipine/valsartan as different dosage regimens (5/160 and 10/160 mg) and/or a diuretic, there was a marked antihypertensive effect in different subgroups of patients with previously uncontrolled hypertension and the BP goals being achieved in 79.5% of cases. Most patients tolerated amlodipine/ valsartan well and showed high compliance with the prescribed therapy. The rate of side effects in the AECULAP program was not greater than that (3.1%) in the earlier trials.

Aim: To estimate effectiveness and safety of losartan and its combination with amlodipine in therapy of arterial hypertension., Materials and Methods: The study based at 6 clinical centres was conducted in two stages. All 160 patients with grade I-II AH (103 women and 57 men aged 54 ± 12 yr) participated in stage 1 of the study and patients of centre No 1 (n = 100) in stage 2. Losartan was used at a dose of 50-100 mg/24 h for 8 weeks (stage 1) and thereafter from week 9 to 26 (stage 2) in combination with amlodipine (5-10 mg/24 hr) if the desired AP level (< 140/90 mmHg) was not achieved. The following parameters were measured: systolic and diastolic AP (SAP and DAP) (office measurement and 24-hr monitoring), pulse wave propagation rate (PWPR), left ventricle mass index (LVMI), thickness of intima-media complex (IMT), blood biochemistry, tolerability of therapy and its side effects., Results: Losartan alone decreased SAP and DAP from 150 ± 11/91 ± 7 to 132 ± 12/81 ± 8 mm Hg (office measurement) and from 144 ± 10/86 ± 9 to 128 ± 12/76 ± 10 mm Hg (24-hr monitoring); heart rate decreased fom 74 ± 8 to 70 ± 8/min (p < 0.05). SAP and DAP in 66 patients who completed stage 2 was 122 ± 6/73 ± 6 mm Hg or significantly lower than before therapy (147 ± 9/87 ± 9) (p < 0.001). Mean daily decrease of SAP and DAP according to 24-hr monitoring decreased from 144 ± 10 to 128 ± 12 and from 86 ± 9 to 76 ± 10 mm Hg respectively (p < 0.001). The target AP value was reached in 73% of the cases (99 out of 136 patients) after stage 1 and in 95% cases (63 out of 66) after stage 2. The values of LVMI (105 ± 23 and 98 ± 26 g/m2), PWPR from 16 ± 2.1 to 13 ± 3.5 m/s (p < 0.05), IMT (0.76 ± 0.16 and 0.80 ± 42 mm), and microalbuminuria (11.0 ± 1.7 and 8.6 ± 0.7 mg/24 hr) before and after completion of stage 2 were not significantly different in 66 patients (p > 0.05). Biochemical parameters of blood did not appreciably change. The safety profiles of both drugs were on the whole positive. Deaths and adverse reactions were absent barring clinically insignificant side effects in 28 of the 160 patients (17.5%)., Conclusion: Losartan and amlodipine are effective and safe agents for AH therapy.

The aim of this work was a detailed study of questions connected with the peculiarities of circadian blood pressure profile, efficiency of amlodipine in elderly patients with gout and arterial hypertension. We used 24-hour blood pressure monitoring before and after 3 and 6-months treatment. Patients with gout showed the disturbances of circadian blood pressure profile. Prolonged calcium antagonists are the best drugs for the hypertensive patients with gout.

The results of observational investigation by prescription of the fixed combination perindopril + amlodipin produced by to the uncontrollable hypertension patients by the previous therapy are described in the given article. In Kazan population 50 patients at the age of 32 to 92 with essential hypertension having blood pressure level of 140/90 mm/hg. Were included into the investigation. Before these patients took different groups of antihypertension preparation (including perindopril). The preparation was prescribed in different fixed dosage depending on duration of hypertension, quantity of taken hypertension groups of preparations and blood pressure level. Then during 1, 2, 3 months of treatment the physician had the possibility to determine the dosage necessary to prescribe. The prescription of perindopril in combination with amlodipin during 3 months led to certain lowering of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure for 38.2 and 11.6 mm/hg accordingly and 80% of patients had the required pressure level of (<140/90 mm/hg). Moreover, the frequency of heart beat reduced and necessary increase of patient compliance for treatment took place. Taking the preparation only 31% of patients had unwilling effects but it didnt require the abolition of the antihypertension therapy till the end of observation. As a result, the investigation confirmed the high efficiency, good perception, improvement of patient compliance for treatment by prescribing the fixed combination perindopril + amlodipin.

We studied 89 patients with II degree arterial hypertension (age 43-67 years). Before and in 24 weeks after therapy we carried out 24-hour monitoring of arterial pressure and Doppler echocardiography. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Combination therapy with indapamide and verapamil retard, indapamide and amlodipine were prescribed to patients of group 1 and 2, respectively. At the background of therapy circadian rhythm was normalized in 82.8 and 76.9% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In group1 therapy was especially effective in patients with type 1 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), 24-hour nondipper profile, and hyperkinetic type of circulation. In group 2 pronounced changes of parameters were seen in II-III type of LVDD and hypokinetic type of circulation.

Efficacy and tolerability of fixed amlodipine/valsartan combination was studied in 86 patients with hypertensive disease hospitalized in departments of general internal medicine or cardiology. All patients had indications for antihypertensive therapy and were randomized either to fixed combination amlodipine/valsartan (n=43) or to therapy which corresponded to the hospital formulary (n=43). Correction of antihypertensive therapy was performed by treating physician at daily rounds. Self-control of blood pressure (BP) was performed by patients with the use of UA767PC apparatus. Results of BP self-control were compared with clinical measurements in order to detect concealed inefficacy of treatment. Results. Rate of achievement of target BP with fixed combination amlodipine/valsartan (93%) was comparable with that on traditional therapy (90%). But the use of fixed combination amlodipine/valsartan compared with traditional therapy was associated with lower clinical and self measured BP, quicker achievement of target BP (5.8+/-2.3 and 9.2+/-1.8 days, respectively, p&lt;0.05), lesser number of antihypertensive drugs (2.5+/-0.6 and 3.0+/-0.9 days, respectively), lower rate of concealed inefficacy of treatment (12 and 31%, respectively, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions. We have demonstrated appropriateness of inhospital administration of fixed amlodipine/valsartan combination as an approach allowing to achieve target BP in shorter time, with the use of fewer antihypertensive drugs, and diminishing concealed inefficacy of treatment.

Right ventricular diastolic function, pulmonary hemodynamics, and peripheral endothelial vasoregulatory function were studied in patients with chronic cor pulmonale during complex treatment over time. The study confirmed the vasodilatory effect of ozone therapy and amlodipine during standard therapy, which appeared as lower blood pressure and better right ventricular diastolic function.

Aim: To assess effect of calcium antagonists amlodipine and verapamil on the risk of development of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery., Material: Of 74 patients subjected to mammary artery and venous coronary bypass grafting with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass 19 received amlodipine and 21 - verapamil., Results and Conclusion: Attacks of atrial fibrillation during 24 hour ECG monitoring were registered in 22.9% of patients mostly on days 2 and 3 after surgery. In verapamil treated patients atrial fibrillation occurred 1.5-2 times more often than in amlodipine treated patients or in patients receiving no calcium antagonists. This could possibly be explained by pronounced slowing of atrio-ventricular conduction by verapamil at the background of postoperative general "irritation" of the atrial myocardium.

Amlodipin (norvask) effectiveness was studied in 18 patients who survived primary Q-myocardial infarction. The 2-year treatment produced a positive effect in 66.6% patients, a negative one--in 11.1%. One patient died, a repeat non-fatal MI developed in 2 patients. Complications were registered in 1 patient. The drug reduced the number of angina attacks, amount of nitroglycerin (by 46.6 and 45.5%, respectively), the tolerance increased by 26.7, cardiac performance by 59.9%. It also led to a fall of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (by 14.0 and 9.9%, respectively). Heart rate remained unchanged. Left ventricle underwent adaptive remodeling, myocardial ischemia diminished in the number of episodes and their duration. Frequent atrial and rare ventricular extrasystole disappeared in 1 patient.

Aim: To compare effectiveness of two long-acting calcium antagonists--amlodipin and diltiazem--in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stable angina of effort (SAE)., Material and Methods: 31 IHD patients with SAE entered the double blind randomized trial. The patients received either amlodipin (5-10 mg once a day) or diltiazem (120-180 mg twice a day) for 4 weeks. Selection of the effective single dose and control over the drug effectiveness in regular intake was carried out using treadmill tests made at the height of the drug activity (peak effect) and before taking the next dose (end effect)., Results: 1 patient quitted the trial because of frequent anginal attacks while amlodipin administration. Both drugs showed positive effect in relation to exercise tolerance, peak effect of diltiazem was significantly higher than that of amlodipin, the end effect was the same. Amlodipin increased the heart rate at rest while diltiazem insignificantly decreased it. Amlodipin induced side effects more often, all of them were typical for dihydropiridin calcium antagonists., Conclusion: Amlodipin and diltiazem of prolonged action have pronounced antianginal effect, diltiazem being more effective and less toxic.