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Most of the potential sources of radioactive contamination in the Arctic are located in the Barents and Kara Seas. In this regard, scientific research is regularly carried out in these territories, the results of which can be used to determine and analyze radiation and environmental risk. The goal and objective of the work is to calculate integral indicators of radionuclide pollution and generalized indicators of radiation-ecological risks in water and bottom sediments of the Barents and Kara Seas areas exposed to nuclear and radiation hazardous facilities. It is shown that the index ranges from 9.5·10-5 to 4.1·10-4 for water and from 1.2·10-4 to 1.3·10-2 for bottom sediments, which is much less than one. Calculated values of the risk indicator for K-159 range from 3 to 6, which corresponds to an insignificant radiation impact on the marine environment, for bays and the Novaya Zemlya depression from 12 to 18, which is characterized by a weak impact on the radiation situation. Thus, the objects under assessment have an insignificant and weak impact on the radiation situation in the Arctic region, but, taking into account the potential danger, they require constant monitoring of the components of the marine environment in order to timely detect radiation-ecological changes.

The article presents the results of the spectral dependence study of the quantum efficiency of photocatalytic water decomposition. The relationship between the radiation spectrum and the efficiency of photocatalytic water decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen is determined. For this purpose, an electrolyte based on sodium nitrate is studied. The photocathode contained nanoporous silver layers. It is shown that the maximum quantum efficiency of photocatalytic water decomposition by spectrum integrally amounts to 1.9 %, and increases with decreasing radiation wavelength. The obtained results can be used in the development of solar energy devices designed for photocatalytic water decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen.

Relevance. Influenza A virus is characterized by a segmented single-stranded RNA genome. Such organization of the virus genome determines the possibility of reassortment, which can lead to the emergence of new virus variants. The main natural reservoir of most influenza A virus subtypes are wild waterfowl. Seasonal migrations gather waterfowl from all major migration routes to nesting areas near the northern and southern polar circles. This makes intercontinental spread of influenza A viruses possible. Objective ‒ to conduct molecular genetic monitoring and study the phylogenetic relationships of influenza A virus variants circulating in Antarctica in 2023. Materials and methods. We studied 84 samples of biological material obtained from birds and marine mammals in April‒May 2023 in coastal areas of Antarctica. For 3 samples, sequencing was performed on the Miseq, Illumina platform and phylogenetic analysis of the obtained nucleotide sequences of the influenza A virus genomes was performed. Results. The circulation of avian influenza virus in the Antarctic region was confirmed. Heterogeneity of the pool of circulating variants of the influenza A virus (H3N8, H1N1) was revealed. Full-length genomes of the avian influenza virus were sequenced and posted in the GISAID database (EPI_ISL_19032103, 19174530, 19174467). Conclusion. The study of the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses circulating in the polar regions of the Earth and the identification of the conditions for the emergence of new genetic variants is a relevant task for the development of measures to prevent biological threats.

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of changes in air temperature indicators and its impact on agronomic systems, based on long-term observations of the V. A. Mikhelson Meteorological Observatory of RSAU – MTAA. Materials and Methods. Using the Mathcad program, graphs of changes in average annual temperatures were constructed using a third-order approximation polynomial, graphs of the theoretical normal density distribution and normal temperature distribution function, as well as graphs of intra-annual temperature distribution for 30 years. Research results and Discussion. The values of the relative error of average annual temperatures were calculated, the normal distribution of average annual temperatures was checked using the Pearson criterion, after which the probability of deviation of the empirical hours falling into intervals from the theoretical hours was found. Conclusion. As a result of the research, a significant increase in average annual air temperature was established against the background of a general reduction in the duration of the cold period. Increase in temperature over the period 1961–1990 amounted to 0.9 °C, which is significantly higher than the average values for the globe. The results of the study reflect the general trend of warming in the context of global climate change and can be used to improve the forecasting of weather conditions, as well as to optimize technological processes in crop production.

Rationale: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent oncological diseases with high mortality. Invasive optical (endoscopic) colono- scopy has been recognized as a golden standard for the CRC diagnostics. A promising area is the development of non-invasive tools for CRC diagnosis with circular RNA (circRNA). One of the most sensitive non-invasive tools for detection of cancer RNA markers is considered to be the biosensor methods with the use of nanowire chips with oDNA probes (fragments of DNA oligonucleotides) immobilized on their surface. It has been previously shown that circRNA hsa_circ_0136666_CBC1, hsa_circ_0031263_CBC1, and hsa_circ_0072715_CBC1 are associated with CRC. Aim: To determine the lower limit of concentration sensitivity of detection of CRC-associated circRNA with nanowire chips with immobilized oDNA probes, to demonstrate the usability of these chips for non-invasive detection of circRNA in plasma in the CRC diagnostics, and to establish the potential for the use of nanowire chips for the early CRC diagnosis. Methods: To ensure biospecific binding of the circRNA hsa_circ_0136666_CBC1, hsa_circ_0031263_CBC1, and hsa_circ_0072715_CBC1 (the CRC markers), oDNA probes with the nucleotide sequences complementary to the target circRNA have been immobilized on the nanowire surface. At the study step 1, we detected the lower concentration limit for detection of the target molecules with the use of their analogues, i.e. synthetic model oDNA with the nucleotide sequences complementary to oDNA probes. At the study step 2, we used the nanowire chips with immobilized oDNA probes to detect the circRNA in plasma of the patients with confirmed CRC. Plasma samples from non-cancer patients were used as controls. Results: The lower concentration limit for the detection of DNA analogues of the circRNA hsa_circ_0136666_CBC1, hsa_circ_0031263_CBC1, and hsa_circ_0072715_CBC1 with nanowire chips with oDNA probes was 10-16 М. The analysis of total RNA isolated from plasma of the CRC patients showed a significant increase in the signal from the sensory elements of the nanowire chip. The analysis of plasma samples from the non-cancer patients, the nanowire signal changes were non-significant indicating the absence of detectable concentrations of the circRNA in plasma of the non-cancer patients. Conclusion: We have identified the minimal detectable concentration of the circRNA hsa_circ_0136666_CBC1, hsa_circ_0031263_CBC1, and hsa_circ_0072715_CBC1, associated to the development of CRC, with nanowire chips with immobilized oDNA probes: it was 10-16 М. The experiment showed the usability of such nanowire chips for non-invasive detection of the given circRNA markers in total RNA samples isolated from plasma of CRC patients.

The paper analyzes the features of the experimental evaluation of the single event effects (SEE) cross section dependence on linear energy transfer (LET) for ions with energies above 100 MeV/nucleon. Ion energy degraders use in order to change the values of the LET. The paper presents calculations of LET spectrum at different thicknesses of a polycarbonate degrader for iron ions with energies of 100...450 MeV/nucleon as an example. It is proposed to evaluate the LET values in packaged electronic devices with an unknown physical and chemical composition with help of the modified technique used at the ion accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the USA. An additional technique with preliminary studies on X-ray of packaged electronic is proposed to estimate the mass thickness of the protective layers in integrated circuit. In order to reduce the influence of infamous factors, it is proposed to thin the package based on the results of the analysis of X-ray images. The proposed approach makes it possible to correctly determine the dependence of the SEE cross sections on the LET of both packaged and decapsulated integrated circuits for SEE under high-energy ions. The obtained results are supposed to be used at the specialized ISKRA station, which is part of the NICA nuclotron complex at JINR, Dubna. The presented results make it possible to assess the upset and failure hardness of electronic information systems to the effects of ions of artificial and natural origin.

To ensure its food security and economic growth, Russia needs to monitor the global pesticide market because constant monitoring predicts supply stability and provides annual high yields. The article describes the current issues associated with agricultural pesticide, analyzes the development directions on the global pesticide market, and predicts its impact on the Russian economy. To analyze the global market of chemical plant protection products, the authors applied an integrated approach based on analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, and forecasting. The research relied on the domestic laws and standards issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance. Other sources included statistics obtained from foreign agencies (Phillips McDougal; Kynetec; NBS, China; Chemexcil, India) and Russian institutions (Rosstat, BusinesStat, Zerno.ru, etc.). The review included articles published in scientific and analytical databases, i.e., eLIBRARY.RU, AgroXXI, and AgroPages in 2018–2024. The analysis concentrated on India, China, and the Russian Federation. It covered absolute and relative harvest losses, as well as the market share of importing countries and key suppliers on Russian pesticide market. The demand for chemical pesticides continues to grow, despite restrictions or prohibitions of some hazardous pesticides. Some active ingredients were partially unavailable while finished formulations were subjected to import quotas. In 2024, Russia will be using as many chemical plant protection products as in 2023 since the domestic warehouses store large reserves. The weather conditions are likely to ensure optimal plant growth. Russian farmers will harvest about 142 million tons of grain, including 92–95 million tons of wheat. If repeated annually, this research may reduce the risk of harvest losses and allow the state to adopt prompt regulation measures to obtain high-quality products, thus increasing the domestic consumption and export potential.

Background. Reinfection and recurrence of periprosthetic infection rates during the second stage of revision hip arthroplasty (RHA) remain quite high. Performing preoperative diagnostic aspiration in patients with the installed hip spacer is a controversial issue. Aims of the study: 1) to compare the diagnostic accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the used infection markers as a part of preoperative diagnostic protocols in order to exclude reinfection in patients with installed hip spacer before the second stage of RHA; 2) to analyze and compare the microbiological spectrum obtained at the stages of RHA. Methods. Diagnostic accuracy parameters of the used infection markers were assessed in order to exclude reinfection/recurrence in 107 patients with installed hip spacer. All patients were divided into two groups. In Group 1 (prospective), blood tests as well as diagnostic aspiration of synovial fluid were performed within the extended diagnostic protocol. In Group 2 (retrospective), the examination was performed according to the screening preoperative diagnostic protocol including blood tests. The used reference range of inflammatory biomarkers was based on the “small criteria” of ICM 2018. According to the results of the intraoperative microbiological examination of peri-implant tissue samples at the first and second stages of RHA, the analysis of detected microflora was conducted in order to assess probable reinfection/recurrence. Results. According to the results of the intraoperative microbiologic examination during the second stage of RHA, reinfection was detected in 40% of cases: in Group 1 — 9 cases, in Group 2 — 31 case. Synovial fluid was obtained from 85% of cases when preoperative diagnostic aspiration was performed. Synovial fluid could not be obtained in 15% cases (dry joint). Conclusion. Performing preoperative diagnostic aspiration before the second stage of RHA in patients with the installed spacer allowed choosing correct treatment tactics in 9% of cases. The parameters of diagnostic accuracy accounted for 82,6%. In the structure of detected pathogens in case of recurrence and reinfection, the representatives of Gram-positive coagulase-negative flora were the most frequent.

Background. Unstable fractures of the posterior pelvic ring represent a pressing concern in trauma surgery. Minimally invasive osteosynthesis techniques have gained widespread acceptance in contemporary practice. Accurate radiographic visualization is a critical component for the precise and successful placement of iliosacral and transsacral screws. Obtaining and accurately interpreting X-ray images can pose challenges in specific clinical situations, particularly those involving age-related skeletal changes. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of the patient’s age on the measures of pelvic radiographic inlet and outlet views angles for performing a sacral fracture fixation using cannulated screws. Methods. A retrospective analysis of CT data was conducted on 106 patients with posterior pelvic ring injuries requiring cannulated screw fixation. Preoperative CT scans were reconstructed into sagittal projections. We performed construction and measurement of the true inlet angle, super-inlet angle, pelvic outlet angle, sacral concavity angle, promontory angle, S1 and S2 outlet view angles. Statistical correlation between sacral tilt angle and the patient’s age was assessed. Results. A two-step cluster analysis divided the patient cohort into two groups with significant differences in pelvic outlet angles and age (N1 = 64, N2 = 42). Statistically significant differences were found between the two clusters in all the studied parameters: median values of true pelvic inlet angles were 27.2° [23.2-32.2] and 18.2° [11.4-26.6] respectively (p0.001); super-inlet angles were 42.5° [39.3-47.8] and 36.2° [28.7-42.8] respectively (p0.001); promontory angles were 128.1° [123.3-133.2] and 122.1° [115.6-129.3] respectively (p = 0.003); pelvic outlet angles were 62.6° [58.4-69.6] and 50.3° [45.9-53.5] respectively (p0.001); S1 outlet angles were 51.8° [48.9-56.5] and 46.8° [43.1-50.2] respectively (p0.001); S2 outlet angles were 40.8° [37.3-44.6] and 35.7° [30.9-38.6] respectively (p0.001); the mean of the sacral concavity angles was 174.8°±10.5 and 152.1°±38.2 respectively (p0.001); and the main age was 41.6±18.7 and 69.2±16.1 years respectively (p0.001). A statistically significant inverse correlation between age and pelvic tilt angle (ρ = 0.534; p0.001) was found. A novel diagnostic method for identifying sacral dysmorphism using angle measurement within the S1 bone corridor is presented. The sacrum was considered dysmorphic if the angle was equal to or less than 5°. Conclusions. As the patient’s age increases by one year, pelvic outlet angle decreases by 26°. If pelvic inlet angles are equal to or less than 14.45°, the difficulties in visualizing S1 and S2 outlet views during surgery are to be expected. The median of angles difference before and after anterior sacral tilt correction using a coccyx pad was 9.4° with interquartile range from 7.8° to 11°. Significant anatomical variations in posterior pelvic ring structure were observed among the study cohort. Preoperative CT sagittal reconstructions allow appropriate planning of intraoperative visualization considering expected intraoperative radiographic inlet and outlet views.

Background. The article presents materials on the study of the main tree species especially valuable for reforestation in the Kon Chu Rang nature reserve (Vietnam). It has been established that the diversity, as well as the physico-chemical and granulometric composition of the soil cover of the mountain range are due to the diversity of rocks in connection with the geological structures to which they are confined (the Pleiku plateau is located on basalt shales). It was revealed that the climatic conditions of the Kon Chu Rang nature reserve are characterized by high humidity and an abundance of precipitation throughout the year, which is why, due to the high washing regime, the soils are depleted of elements valuable for the growth and development of tree species. Most of the species grown in the nurseries of Vietnam are introduced, in this regard, the cultivation of seedlings and seedlings of valuable species for reforestation with a closed root system and an established irrigation regime, herbicides and fertilizers is required. Purpose. To study the possibility of reproduction of native forest tree species in the conditions of the mountain plateau of Central Vietnam. Materials and methods. The object of research was the climatic conditions of Vietnam, the soils of various relief elements of the Kon Chu Rang nature reserve, rare and especially valuable tree species: Dacridyum elatum Roxb. Wall. ex Hook., Michelia tonkinensis A. Chev., Dialium cochinchinense Pierre, Dipterocarpus kerrii King., Dacrycarpus imbricatus de Laub., as well as methods of their accelerated reproduction for reforestation. In order to determine the physico-mechanical and physico-chemical, chemical, agrochemical and biological properties of soils on the territory of the Kon Chu Rang nature reserve, soil samples were taken to a depth of 120 cm in increments of 10 cm on various elements of the mountain relief: on a shrub meadow site, in a forest with native tree species, on a pilot site of a hospital in the area of the reserve reserved for a forest nursery. When solving the tasks, methods of field experiment, expedition research were used, with the help of the Garmin device, the coordinates of the seed and seedling collection points were determined and fixed in order to build a route survey map. Seasonal development of trees was studied on the basis of field and research. The height of seedlings was measured at the beginning and end of the study period. Every plant in the collection was measured. The reproductive ability of species was studied by quantitative and qualitative characteristics of fruiting. In laboratory analyses were used the Kapel’ – 105M, capillary electrophoresis system, laboratory scales TO VK-600, analytical scales VL-220C, spectrophotometer PE-5400 UV. Mathematical processing of the results is carried out in the MS Exel and Statistica application programs using small arrays of observational data that were combined into homogeneous clusters. Results. The article contains data from studies of mountain forest territories, relief and soils of the Kon Chu Rang nature reserve (Vietnam), the main results of which are aimed at preserving and reproducing indigenous especially valuable tree species exposed to anthropogenic impact. It has been determined that many introduced species of 12 nurseries in Vietnam are extremely difficult to reproduce in mountainous terrain due to their morphological and biological characteristics, as a result of which they cannot be used for reforestation. It was revealed that the soil cover of the Kon Chu Rang nature reserve is characterized by variegation, distribution of areas, granulometric composition and humus content. Due to the large amount of precipitation, the soils are depleted of the necessary composition of elements necessary for good growth and development of woody species. It is determined that for the successful cultivation of especially valuable tree species in the nursery, surface watering and constant maintenance of soil moisture, treatment with herbicides and fertilizers are necessary. Seedlings are recommended to be grown in containers with a closed root system. Conclusions. Based on the data obtained as a result of studying the soil and climatic conditions of the Kon Chu Rang nature reserve (Vietnam), as well as the results of creating an experimental nursery of seed material for reforestation, it can be concluded that with the correct selection of irrigation standards, herbicides and fertilizers, it is possible to obtain a standard yield of standard planting material from a unit to ensure a high survival rate of seedlings and seedlings, as well as their subsequent growth, which will solve the urgent problems of improving the species composition of the indigenous forests of the Vietnam. Sponsorship information. The work was carried out within the framework of the topic E-1.6 "Development of technology for growing seedlings of the main native trees species of indigenous forests in Vietnam as the basis for solving the fundamental scientific problem of tropical forest restoration." Joint Vietnam-Russian Tropical Science and Technology Research Center.

Introduction. Recently, sandwich-structured composite materials based on honeycomb core and strong thin shells have become widespread. However, these materials are characterized by manufacturing and operational flaws such as “non-gluing” and “delamination” that is the breaking of the bonds between the shell and the honeycomb core that result in the deterioration in the mechanical, acoustic and thermal properties of the material. Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at developing effective methods for detecting flaws in gluing shell with comb core in honeycomb polymer materials. Materials and Methods. The article describes a method for detecting these flaws using scanning thermography with a linear heat source, based on the estimation and subsequent analysis of the distribution of local temperature field gradients on the product surface. Results. The experiments were carried out on a model polymer specimen with an embedded artificial flaw; there were shown the main sources of emerging noise, control errors, and the ways to reduce their influence; a numerical method for assessing the accuracy of the flaw measurement method was proposed. Discussion and Conclusion. Tests carried out on a control specimen showed that the proportion of errors in measuring a defect does not exceed 12%

Introduction. Assessment of urbanized areas in terms of their sustainable development and rational use of resource and environmental potential remains the most demanded in modern conditions, because in certain cases it opens up opportunities for preventive management of anthropogenically disturbed areas. The aim of the study is to rank single-industry towns by a number of indicators by means of multifactor analysis of socio-economic indicators of single-industry towns and using systemic and fractal approaches. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of a multifactor analysis of socio-economic indicators of single-industry towns, using systemic and fractal approaches. Existing methods for assessing the socio-economic sustainable development of a region and developing integrated regional indicators are analyzed. The authors' methodology was used, which can be considered as the development of existing methods and the development of new methods for indicating and ranking socio-economic processes from the point of view of their sustainability. Results. A new methodology for socio-economic assessment and ranking of single-industry towns has been developed based on multifactor analysis of fractal indicators of their life support: social, economic, resource and environmental. Using the proposed methodology, single-industry towns of the Arkhangelsk Region were ranked according to an integrated fractal indicator of classes of socio-economic processes that indicate the quality of life support of the single-industry towns under consideration, potential risks and the sustainability of their development. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed methodology verifies and complements the existing criteria for transferring single-industry towns from one category to another. It allows, by introducing certain indicators, to assess the sustainability of the socio-economic development of single-industry towns and the possibility of diversifying their economies, and is also a useful practical tool for federal, regional and municipal institutions specializing in managing the development of territories.

During the excavations of a dugout at the Kozhevnikov Cliff site (Cape Schmidt), N.N. Dikov obtained a collection of pottery vessels of the Old Bering Sea culture (fourteen specimens). The technology of ceramic production was analyzed using the methodology developed by A.A. Bobrinsky. It was determined that potters selected iron-rich clays of two subtypes, differing in the amount of natural sand content, for pottery production. Five recipes for the molding clay were identified, including three unmixed: 1) clay + sand (7 specimens); 2) clay + wool (3 specimens); 3) clay + organic solution (2 specimens); and two mixed – 4) clay + sand + organic solution (1 specimen); and 5) clay + sand + wool (1 specimen). The vessels were made in a base form, and the shape was additionally formed by paddling. On the outer surface of one artifact, a strap handle with an ear for threading a cord was made, and the remaining hole on the inside was patched with a cloth scrap. The surfaces of the vessels were treated by mechanical smoothing with a hard-smooth tool and/or fingers. Firing took place at temperatures above clay calcination and could be done in bonfires or hearths. The heterogeneity of pottery traditions was found among the population living in the dugout. The two identified two-component recipes for molding clay were formed as a result of mixing the adaptive pottery skills of bearers of different traditions of making unmixed recipes for molding clay. This indicates the beginning of cultural integration processes among bearers of different pottery skills that began to occur under the dominance of the tradition of using low-sanded clay of the first subtype and artificial sand addition in a 1 : 1 concentration.

Relevance. The need to predict deformations of the earth's surface near injection wells pumping liquid radioactive waste, as well as their stability when pressure changes in the well during injection. Aim. To perform a numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of the structural elements of the injection well and the surrounding rock mass using the finite element method, to determine the magnitude of the deformations of the earth's surface and define the stability of the well and the strength of the cement stone at the maximum injection pressure of liquid radioactive waste. Objects. Near-wellbore zone of one of the injection wells located at the liquid radioactive waste injection site. Methods. Numerical finite element method for calculating the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone, taking into account the distribution of the elastic properties of rocks along the simulated section and the main structural elements of the well. Results. The authors have developed the numerical finite element scheme of one of the injection wells, taking into account its main structural elements, as well as allowing you to set the pressure distribution within the exploited horizon during the injection of waste. In the model, the distribution of the elastic properties of rocks along the section was set, taking into account their lithological features. The authors carried out the analysis of the hydrodynamic parameters of the well operation and determined the maximum pressure at the wellhead during the injection of liquid radioactive waste, equal to 1.71 MPa. Numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone was performed in two stages: for the conditions of an idle well and taking into account the pressure distribution at the maximum waste injection pressure. The distribution of vertical displacements at the level of the earth's surface, as well as at the top of the operational horizon at the maximum pressure of liquid radioactive waste injection, is obtained. It is shown that at such a pressure, the largest uplifts will be: on the earth's surface – 4.5 cm, on the top of the production horizon – 11 cm. An assessment of the stability of the well structural elements at a maximum waste injection depth of 280 m, corresponding to the maximum pressure, showed that the stresses in the well and cement stone are much lower than the values that can lead to their violation. For cement stone, the safety factor at a maximum pressure of 1.71 MPa was equal to 7.8.

Relevance. Core studies in the oil and gas industry allow us to obtain some filtration and capacity characteristics of rocks, as well as to give an idea of the composition and structure of the subsoil. This information is extremely important in the early stages of field development, as it allows us to formulate a primary version of the development project, which is then refined during the course of field drilling. However, core analysis and description are an extremely labor-intensive and human-influenced works that require automation. Thus, core image research is a popular task in the oil and gas industry that requires high accuracy and care during work; especially considering the volume of images that have to be analyzed. Aim. To review and analyze existing algorithms for classifying rocks from core images based on machine learning methods; as well as to use the information obtained to formulate recommendations for the development of these algorithms. Methods. Machine learning methods, including neural networks. Results. The work analyzed existing approaches to the study of core samples. The main advantages and disadvantages of each of them were noted and, based on the findings, a plan and requirements for conducting further research on core samples using machine learning were developed. As a result, using a convolutional neural network on the U-Net architecture, the authors have trained a model to solve the problem of segmentation of core samples in daytime images and presented the results of the model operation.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an orphan disease of the peripheral nervous system. The clinical phenotypes of CIDP may influence the choice of primary pathogenetic therapy. In some cases, viral infection may be a trigger for the development of an immune-mediated process. The role of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) as a trigger of the clinical manifestation of CIDP, as well as the impact of COVID-19 on the disease course and response to pathogenetic therapy remains an unexplored issue. The paper presents a series of clinical cases CIDP with manifestations after COVID-19 infection and review of publications.

In many countries of the world, there is a deterioration in the geoecological state of water bodies, associated with a significantly increased anthropogenic impact on natural waters. At the same time, the guaranteed quality of water resources and its reliability are ensured by comparing the realized quality and the guaranteed one. This article discusses models for the entry and movement of pollutants contained in the aquatic environment. Based on the currently used approaches and water pollution criteria, a set of parallel programs for high-performance computing systems has been developed, which allows modeling of the processes under consideration, as well as assessing risks and vulnerabilities in relation to anthropogenic impacts, zoning the water area of a shallow water body in accordance with the levels of anthropogenic loads, environmental design from the standpoint of sustainable development.

Various water additives are available for extinguishing forest fires. The additive Les-01 has the most extinguishing effect among them. The corrosiveness of Les-01 water solution (2.5 % vol.) was investigated. There were developed the recommendations for its safe use for both regular fire-fighting equipment and aviation.

Aim. This study aimed to compare and evaluate treatment outcomes in groups of ischemic stroke patients with or without COVID-19 infection who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 817 case records of IS patients aged 25 to 99 years with confirmed thrombotic occlusion of cerebral arteries and subsequent EVT who were treated in regional vascular centers in St. Petersburg from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. Results. Patients without COVID-19 had favorable outcome more often than patients with confirmed COVID-19 (35.0% vs. 7.3%, p 0.001); mortality rate was 30% vs. 52%, respectively (p 0.001). Conclusions. Intercurrent COVID-19 significantly worsened prognosis and increased risk of death in ischemic stroke patients who underwent EVT.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now one of the most common noncommunicable diseases and the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in the world. In recent years, new approaches to epidemiology, diagnosis, classification (categorization), evaluation of phenotypes, as well as characterization and assessment of the severity of сhronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations have emerged. Modern approaches to starting and subsequent drug therapy have changed significantly. This is largely due to the results of recently conducted major clinical trials, demonstrated high efficacy of triple fixed combinations, including inhaled glucocorticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists and long-acting anticholinergic drugs. The use of non-medication methods (smoking cessation, physical activity and respiratory rehabilitation) and modern approaches to the treatment of respiratory failure and antibiotic therapy remain important. In terms of their significance, all these updates have a significant impact on real clinical practice and can be considered as a novel paradigm of the approaches to the diagnosis and management of this disease.

Book review: Popov V.V. (2023) From War To Peace: The Politics Of Practical Diplomacy. Moscow, Mgimo-University. 295 p.2023 saw the publication of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation Veniamin V. Popov’s memoirs. Dr Popov not only describes his life path from his fascination with the Arab world in his youth to becoming a diplomat and achieving high positions, but also pays attention to the most important political events and key trends in the development of international relations. The political history in the memoirs of the diplomat echoes episodes of his life, which enlivens the picture of events and makes the memoirs more evocative. The assessment of some historical figures given by Dr Veniamin Popov is also intriguing. The book can be interesting to a wide range of readers: from young diplomats, who can find a lot of useful advice for themselves, to prominent researchers, whose attention may be attracted by new details of historical events.

Based on the previously accepted taxonomy of concepts, a classification of concepts is proposed that is related to cybersecurity (CS) of objects and currently has the maximum unambiguous correspondence between the terms denoting these concepts and the concepts themselves. When constructing the classification, an attempt was made to apply the fundamentals of the taxonomy theory (systematics), the results of which led to the conclusion that the considered structures of concept systems will be hierarchical (the basic principle of taxonomy) under certain conditions (for example, when using only concepts that relate to the categories of the subject (object)), process, or property). The approach considered made it possible to form a group of terms directly related to the concepts from the proposed classification. This set can be considered as a terminology system related to the object’s CS. The proposed terms and their definitions do not contradict similar ones being used, but are distinguished by consistency in relation to the terms (definitions) themselves and corresponding concepts, and also have a universal application, which allows their use for almost any CS objects related to information (for example, information and automated systems, informatization systems, sociotechnical systems, cyber-physical systems and information as an object). The results obtained also have practical significance for education in the formation of a modern, methodologically sound conceptual base of students.

Relevance. Relationship with the Takata formation of diamond reservoir rocks and previously discovered deposits and the presence of prospects for discovering new ones in the zone of the forward folds of the Urals. Aim. To reconstruct the conditions of sedimentation and composition of rocks, the source of the removal of terrigenous rocks of the Takata formation based on the results of studying the "Yuzhnaya Rassolnaya" section. Objects. Terrigenous rocks of the Takata formation in the "Yuzhnaya Rassolnaya" section located in the western part of the alluvial diamond deposit "Yuzhnaya Rassolnaya" in the Krasnovishersky district of the Perm Territory. Methods. Lithofacies analysis, petrographic study of thin sections in transmitted light using crossed nicol methods, determination of the content of rock-forming oxides by X-ray fluorescence on an S8 Tiger (Bruker) spectrometer, analysis of rock-forming elements on glassy disks. Impurity and microimpurity elements (with a content of

The article examines the general situation in the Red Sea region that has developed since the start of regular armed attacks by the Yemeni Houthis on merchant ships there in October 2023. Data is provided on the damage caused by this rebel organization in Yemen to regional and global trade. The author pays special attention to the analysis of the role of the naval forces of Western states in the Red Sea. Since October 2023, the most powerful US Navy grouping in recent decades has been formed there, and after February 19, 2024, warships from EU countries joined it as part of Operation Aspides («Shields» from ancient Greek). Thus, Brussels took a noticeable step as part of its strategy of strengthening geopolitical influence not only in the Middle East, but also on a broader scale, taking into account the importance of the Red Sea routes for world trade, as well as for the regional security system. It is expected that the area of responsibility of this EU naval mis- sion will soon be expanded to include the Persian Gulf and the northern Indian Ocean. Taken to- gether, the author views the situation in the Red Sea as a manifestation of degradation in the securi- ty sphere of the Middle East and in the world as a whole.

The four-component instructional design model (4C/ID) is actively used in the field of education abroad; however, there are only some scientific publications describing the experience of its application in the realities of Russian higher education. An overview of the instructional design using the 4C/ID model and an analysis of the experience of its application in the field of higher education on the example of three cases described in the scientific literature, corresponding to different subject areas (information technology, the humanities, medicine), are provided. General scientific theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis, and classification were applied; international and Russian databases (Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary) as the base of scientific sources were used. The history of the development of the model has been reconstructed. Constructivism and social constructivism, cognitive apprenticeship, integrated learning, cognitive load theory, and transfer learning ideas are the essential theoretical foundations for 4C/ID. The four main components of the model are described: learning tasks, supportive information, part-task practice, and procedural information. Ten instructional design steps are reconstructed that sequentially develop these constituent elements and their relationships. The advantages, disadvantages, limitations of this model are analyzed and described. Recommendations for designers and teachers related to the model's features are formulated. The results obtained can contribute to developing the practice of learning design and the adaptation of modern models of instructional design in Russian universities.

There is a global tendency nowadays in the development of transport vehicles to ensure high safety, energy efficiency and comfort, characterized primarily by ergonomic and vibroacoustic indicators. This forces engineers and scientists to constantly strive to reduce a noise level emitted by both the vehicle as a whole and individual units and systems. The paper is a continuation of a series of articles devoted to the development of a verified mathematical model of a promising automatic transmission (AT) for a N2 category vehicle, reliably characterizing its vibroacoustic behavior. The article represents the results of a computational and experimental study of the AT vibroacoustic behavior, including the stages of testing, processing and analysis of their results, verification of the computational model created in the Simcenter 3D software product, identification of the main sources of acoustic radiation and the development of proposals for its reduction. The vibroacoustic characteristics of the object of study are obtained, namely frequencies and corresponding acoustic pressure values, their localization on the AT housing is performed. The developed and verified AT model makes it possible to predict the level of vibration and acoustic radiation with satisfactory accuracy. Based on comparative evaluation modeling of various design modification options, the best ones are determined, which allow to obtain the minimum acoustic pressure level at the measurement points and neutralize the most significant forms of vibrations. The introduction of the developed scientifically-based technical solutions into the design made it possible to reduce the integral level of acoustic pressure in the entire range from 2 to 10 dBA.

On the example of metal-diamond composites (MDC), a number of issues of thermomechanics of disperse-filled materials with high thermal conductivity used for thermal management are formulated and solved. Due to the importance of the thermal conductivity factor of the interfacial layer, a refined method is proposed for calculating the boundary thermal resistance. This method considers two counter heat flows: from the matrix to the filler and back, and also provides the condition of zero thermal resistance at the same values of the thermomechanical characteristics of these components. Based on the micromechanical model of the disperse-filled composite, an analytical method is developed for determining the effective thermal conductivity coefficient of the metal-diamond composites. The method makes it possible to take into account the boundary thermal resistance, the presence of a thin coating on the diamond particle, the anisometry of diamond particles and the porosity of the metal matrix. The results of the performed parametric analysis are compared with known experimental data and estimates obtained within the framework of existing models. The conclusion on the validity of the developed method is made. A simplified finite-element model is developed for a representative volume of the metal-diamond composites in the form of a cube formed by an aluminum matrix and containing 27 spherical diamond particles of the same radius with a modifying tungsten coating. At a given temperature difference on the opposite faces of the cube, the distribution of heat flux density and the effective heat transfer coefficient of the metal-diamond composites are calculated. Comparison of the results of using the finite element model and the analytical method mentioned above shows their good agreement. Modification of the finite element model is carried out in order to better match the real internal structure of the metal-diamond composites studied by high-resolution X-ray microtomography. Numerical analysis of the temperature field, thermal stress state and fracture kinetics of the aluminum-diamond composite during thermal cycling is performed.

An approach to obtain light-signal characteristics in graphoanalytical form is proposed to substantiate the operating modes of the emitting equipment of active optoelectronic complexes of remote sensing of the Earth. These complexes are used for shooting in conditions of insufficient natural illumination of the terrain due to the difficult terrain, geographical location of the area or the low position of the Sun above the plane of the local horizon. Using the presented model, calculations of the energy illumination of the Earth’s surface were carried out, dependencies were constructed that take into account the influence of the position of the Sun above the local horizon plane for specific dates and daily time on the distribution of the spectral density of the electromagnetic radiation flux. Light-signal characteristics have been obtained, which can be used to justify the operating modes of the emitting equipment of active optoelectronic complexes. Based on these characteristics, it is concluded that it is necessary to artificially enhance the spectral density of the radiation flux in a given range of the spectrum in order to achieve the required illumination of the photographed area of the Earth’s surface for a specific date and time. The amplification of the spectral density of the radiation flux makes it possible to create the exposure required for the formation of images with high visual properties. The simulation results are used in the problem of predicting the quality of images obtained using artificial sources of optical illumination. The proposed approach makes it possible to obtain images characterized by the high value of linear resolution on the ground, without resorting to increasing the charge accumulation time by the photodetector of the recording equipment. The application of this approach is particularly relevant in the conditions of conducting aerospace surveys.

Relevance. The search for a useful application of carbonaceous residues of rice husks thermal processing. These residues due to high silicon content in the inorganic part can potentially be used to produce silicon carbide – an important functional material for various fields of science and technology. Useful utilization of this waste will allow not only solving the environmental problem associated with their inefficient application and formal disposal, but also obtaining value-added products in the form of SiC-based ceramics. Aim. To obtain SiC-based bulk products from carbonaceous residues of rice husk thermal processing by spark plasma sintering with a minimum number of additional stages of feedstock processing. Objects. SiC-based bulk products obtained using carbonaceous residues of rice husk thermal processing. The samples were obtained by spark plasma sintering at 1800 °C, pressure of 60 MPa and holding time of 10 minutes. Methods. Spark plasma sintering; X-ray diffractometry (X-ray phase analysis); scanning electron microscopy; vacuumless arc discharge synthesis method. Results. The authors have carried out the experimental studies to assess the possibility of applying carbonaceous residue of rice husk thermal processing as a precursor for the synthesis of silicon carbide in bulk (ceramics) and dispersed (powder) forms. A series of experiments on spark plasma sintering of carbonaceous residue from rice husk thermal processing in the initial and milled form, with SiO2 silica sand additives, as well as with the use of silicon carbide powders synthesized from carbonaceous residue by vacuumless arc discharge method were implemented. The latter is performed within a one-stage fast-flowing process in an air environment and does not require the use of a vacuum system. Preliminary results demonstrated the possibility of obtaining bulk products and dispersed powders based on silicon carbide with a content of at least 50 and 60 wt %, respectively, and indicate the prospects of further increasing phase purity by optimizing spark plasma sintering and vacuumless arc discharge synthesis.

The literature review analyses and systematizes the results of corrosion studies of widely used anti-corrosion zinc coatings based on various binary systems Zn-Al, Zn-Mg, Zn-Fe, Zn-Ni, Zn-Co. The patterns of corrosion, the role of selective dissolution and corrosion products in increasing the corrosion resistance of coatings in neutral chloride-containing environments have been studied. The analysis shows that the corrosion rate depends on the chemical and phase composition of zinc coatings, which is due to differences in the corrosion behavior of the phase components of the alloys. Selective dissolution has an ambiguous effect on the corrosion resistance of coatings. On the one hand, the process of selective dissolution of zinc can be accompanied by the formation of corrosion cracks, which reduces the corrosion resistance of the coating. On the other hand, a rough surface enriched with an electropositive alloying component is formed. As a result, roughness stimulates the deposition of a denser and more compact layer of corrosion products, which reduces the access of oxygen and other electrolyte components to the coating’s surface. Under certain conditions, a film of corrosion products can provide additional resistance to the corrosion process due to low electrical conductivity. With the uniform dissolution of coatings, both the co-precipitation of complex compounds of zinc and alloying metals and the doping of the product layer with oxides or hydroxides of alloying metals occur. This also results in increased compactness and reduced electrical conductivity, which increases the corrosion resistance of the coatings. The purpose of the article: an overview of the results of studies of corrosion of zinc coatings, physical and chemical features of the formation and composition of the layer of corrosion products, the influence of corrosion products and selective dissolution on the corrosion resistance of coatings. A review of the results of studies relating to the corrosion of zinc coatings was carried out, taking into account the formation of a protective layer of corrosion products and the selective dissolution of zinc. The corrosion of zinc coatings is influenced by the structure and phase composition of the coatings, the selective dissolution of zinc, as well as the nature of the layer of corrosion products. The corrosion resistance of zinc coatings increases if a compact layer of corrosion products with low electrical conductivity is formed. The selective dissolution of zinc can have a positive effect on its protective ability due to the formation of a rough surface, which promotes the deposition of a denser layer of corrosion products. In the case of the uniform dissolution of zinc alloy coatings, alloying metals are able to integrate into the structure of zinc corrosion products, which makes the layer more compact and leads to a decrease in its electrical conductivity, significantly increasing the corrosion resistance of the coatings

Relevance. The fact that composites with a metal matrix and structural products based on them are in great demand in various industries, including the automotive industry, aerospace industry, and shipbuilding. Aluminum matrix composites are the most popular since they combine the excellent ductility, low density, good corrosion resistance of aluminum and the high strength, hardness and wear resistance of a ceramic reinforcing component. Aim. To obtain bulk Al-WC metal matrix composites with different contents of the reinforcing phase and with increased physical and mechanical characteristics using spark plasma sintering. Objects. Sintered bulk products made of pure aluminum and obtained at 400, 450, 500, 550, 600°C and bulk metal matrix composites Al-1%WC, Al-5%WC, Al-10%WC, Al-15%WC obtained at 600°C. Methods. Spark plasma sintering; X-ray diffractometry (XRD phase analysis); scanning electron microscopy; indentation (microhardness measurement). Results. The authors have obtained bulk composite metal matrix products with an aluminum matrix and tungsten carbide as a reinforcing component. Compacting mixtures of nanosized initial powders of aluminum and tungsten carbide using spark plasma sintering made it possible to obtain products with a WC content of 1 to 15 wt %. Taking into account the results of a preliminary series of experiments, when pure aluminum samples were sintered to determine the optimal sintering temperature, bulk composite materials were obtained. A distinctive feature of the obtained samples is their high degree of compaction, which is due to the simultaneous application of a heating current and external pressure, coupled with the relative preservation of the fine-grained structure of the material due to the short process time. The analysis of various sintering modes revealed the need to carry out sintering of composites at 600°C. The research has shown that, although adding a reinforcing phase to a metal matrix significantly reduces the degree of compaction of the material from 97.45% in the absence of an additive to 62.32% with the addition of 15%WC, an increase in the microhardness of products is observed when the concentration of the reinforcing component increases from 3.95 to 5.75 HV. This proves the possibility of reinforcing a metal material using ceramic WC particles. The results can be used in a variety of structural applications, including automotive and aerospace.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with high risk of skin and systemic infections. Preventive AD therapy is based on skin barrier improvement and anti-inflammatory treatment, whereas, severe skin and systemic infections require systemic therapy. This review describes pathophysiology and possible treatment and prevention methods for AD infectious complications.

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, it creates protective barrier between the internal and external environment. Skin barrier damage may result in homeostasis imbalance, inflammation, or bacterial infection. The microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining normal skin functioning: control of pathogenic diversity of microorganisms, stimulate immune cells, and modulate chronic dermatoses development. There are various mechanisms for restoring skin barrier function. They are associated with the microorganisms’ activity. Thus, skin restoration is an important task included in the general concept of atopic dermatitis management. One of such methods is the skin surface colonization with commensals, so significant role is assigned to the new dermatological drugs. The normalization of the microbiome in affected skin areas with cosmetic care products can significantly affect the result of skin barrier restoration.

Background. Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome is a rare genetic disease from the ectodermal dysplasia group. It manifests with damage of ectodermal structures — layer of embrional tissue that provides the development of many organs and tissues in the body, such as: skin, sweat glands, hair, teeth, and nails. Disease symptoms may range from mild to severe and include dental abnormalities, fragile, thin or no hair, abnormal nails, hypohidrosis (due to the reduced number of sweat glands), cleft lips and palate. Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects apocrine glands areas. This nosology is characterized by painful nodes, abscesses, and fistulas, prone to relapses and leading to scarring.Clinical case description. The authors present a clinical case demonstrating the combination of Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome and severe hidradenitis suppurativa in 17-year-old male patient.Conclusion. The heterogeneous clinical findings of hidradenitis suppurativa and history of rare genetic disease result in patients' admissions to various medical specialists. Thus, it leads to delayed verification of the diagnosis and incorrect treatment methods. As a result, patients have persistent cosmetic skin defects, possible complications of irrational treatment, and decreased quality of life by the time of diagnosis.

Acne is chronic inflammatory skin disease. Its examination and management tactics depend on the patient's age and disease clinical form. This article presents treatment algorithms for acne vulgaris in adolescent and pre-adolescent children and describes clinical cases.

Background. Linear IgA dermatosis is a rare autoimmune bullous disease characterized by vesiculo-bullous subepidermal lesions (affecting the skin and mucous membranes) and by linear homogeneous IgA deposition in the epidermis basal membrane.Clinical case description. Clinical case of linear IgA dermatosis in children is presented. Clinical data assessment, histological examination of the skin biopsy (to determine the depth of bullous), immunofluorescent examination (to reveal IgA deposition in the epidermis basal membrane) are crucial for reliable disease diagnosis according to the studies. Altogether it helps to establish the final diagnosis and determine the patient's management. Dapsone is the first-line treatment for this disease, it has proven to be an effective and safe medication.Conclusion. This case of linear IgA dermatosis is of concern due to disease severity and its rarity in clinical practice. Differential diagnosis is rather complicated and clinically requires high-tech research methods. Only immunofluorescent examination allows to diagnose linear IgA dermatosis accurately. Lesions' regression was achieved due to systemic therapy with dapsone (1.8 mg/kg/day).

Background. Excessive colonization of the skin by various bacteria and fungi can be noted in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and the prevalence of secondary infection complications 30–48%. Several studies have shown that Staphylococcus aureus colonization is 60–100% in patients with AD compared to 5–30% in healthy persons from the control group. Moreover, the incidence of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates is up to 10–30% in skin cultures at AD, according to experts. Therapy of AD complicated by secondary infection is one of the crucial challenges of modern dermatology. Mupirocin can be considered as one of the most effective topical antibiotic among others used for etiotropic therapy of infectious complications in AD patients, and it has been confirmed by numerous clinical studies.Conclusion. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common trigger of AD aggravation. MRSA in AD complicated by secondary infection is difficult to manage as it becomes resistant to many types of antibiotics; however, it shows persistent sensitivity to mupirocin. Mupirocin-based (2%) external agent is the most effective, safe, and preferred therapy variant for AD complicated by secondary infection in pediatrics.

Background. Pemphigus herpetiformis is a rare atypical bullous dermatosis of autoimmune nature. It is characterized by rashes in the form of plaques with papules and vesicles at peripheral areas, or in the form of grouped papules, vesicles or tense bubbles with clinical similarity to During's herpetiformis dermatitis. Pemphigus herpetiformis diagnosis in pediatric practice is difficult due to the similarity of clinical manifestations to bullous dermatoses of other etiology, the rarity of the disease in children, and small number of scientific publications.Clinical case description. Clinical case of pemphigus herpetiformis in a child is described. All necessary diagnostic algorithms for diagnosis and therapeutic tactics for patient management are presented. Dapsone and prednisolone were used as first-line drugs during the patient's treatment. They have shown its efficacy in management of such patients.Conclusion. Differential diagnosis of pemphigus herpetiformis and other bullous dermatoses in children is presented. The results of successful drug treatment are shown.

Background. Hypotrichosis is a heritable form of alopecia that causes almost complete scalp hair loss in childhood. The diagnosis is typically established according to medical history and clinical picture. Genetic testing is an additional diagnostic method that allows to establish “hypotrichosis” in cases of ambiguous or subtle clinical signs of the disease, as well as to perform differential diagnosis of this condition with others commonly associated with atopic dermatitis (focal and diffuse alopecia). Clinical diagnosis of hypotrichosis in patients with severe dermatosis is challenging.Clinical case description. The girl, aged 2 years 4 months, was hospitalized with complaints on extended rash on the body with severe itching, and changes in hair thickness, quality of hair shaft, and hair loss. Severe atopic dermatitis and hypotrichosis were diagnosed. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was established clinically (SCORAD — 65), the diagnosis of hypotrichosis (type 6, monilethrix-like hypotrichosis) was confirmed via molecular genetic testing (nucleotide variant c.699C>T in exone 13 of the DSG4 gene (OMIM # 607892)). Patient's mother, brother, and two sisters were diagnosed with the nucleotide variant chr18:31409487C>T in heterozygous state in the DSG4 gene. Mother and brother had no clinical manifestations, while both sisters had mild scalp hair damage, as well as eyebrows and eyelashes, since birth. There were no clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in parents and other children in the family.Conclusion. Hypotrichosis clinical signs can be subtled, smoothed, or imitate the symptoms of other comorbid conditions, especially in patients with comorbidities or severe dermatosis. Also worth noting is that changes in certain genes can aggravate the course of atopic dermatitis. In this clinical case, mutation in the DSG4 gene leads to epidermal barrier failure by disrupting the synthesis of desmosomes transmembrane components. Thus, geneticist consultation and genetic testing (search for changes in certain genes) are crucial in such cases.

The purpose of studying the issues of ensuring the safe and efficient use of unmanned vehicles in a megalopolis in the context of the spread of infectious diseases using public regulation tools is to develop, based on the application of methods of systemic legal analysis, evidence-based proposals for improving legislation in the interests of using unmanned vehicles in a megalopolis in order to countering the spread of epidemics and pandemics. The lack of results of scientific understanding of the experience of legal support for the functioning of the transport system of the metropolis in the context of epidemics and pandemics, and, in particular, during the period of countering the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19, both in foreign countries and in Russia, seems to be an important negative factor that minimizes the potential of using self-driving cars to reduce cross-contamination opportunities in high-density areas, which undoubtedly include metropolitan areas. Background. The ever-increasing threat of the spread of epidemics and pandemics, as well as their consequences, demonstrated, among other things, by the results of the coronavirus infection COVID-19, entails the well-founded attention of practitioners and the interest of scientists in determining the means to counter the threats of the spread of infectious diseases. Of particular importance is the search for such funds to ensure the safety of the population living in certain areas, characterized by the presence of additional factors that lead to a significant increase in the risk of the disease. In particular, we are talking about the situation in megacities characterized by an extremely high population density, which, combined with the presence of developed transport communications, increased passenger traffic, contributes to “cross” infection, the rapid spread of mass infectious diseases. At the same time, as the results of the study show, the use of unmanned vehicles in a metropolis in the interests of monitoring the epidemiological situation in areas with a high level of infection, delivering medicines to patients, etc. ensures minimization of the risk of infection of medical personnel, significantly reduces material costs and time spent on the implementation of such measures. Materials and research methods. The use of methods of comparative legal analysis allowed the authors, based on the results of studying foreign legal sources, analytical data and scientific literature, allowed the authors to assess the applicability of the experience of legal regulation and the organization of the safe use of unmanned vehicles in a metropolis in the context of the emergence and counteraction to the spread of epidemics and pandemics. A formal dogmatic analysis of Russian regulatory legal and individual acts on the issues of ensuring the safe use of unmanned vehicles in an urban agglomeration made it possible to identify gaps and contradictions that minimize the potential for legal impact on the participants in the relations under study. Results. A comprehensive systematic and legal study of scientific sources, norms of international, foreign and Russian legislation, law enforcement practice allowed the authors to formulate proposals for improving the system of legal regulation in order to safely use unmanned vehicles in a metropolis in the event of risks of occurrence and counteracting the spread of epidemics and pandemics. Conclusion. Legalization in Russian public law of the special requirements proposed by the authors for ensuring the use of unmanned vehicles in a metropolis, their network interaction, the legal grounds for admission to operation and the conditions for their safe use to monitor the epidemiological situation, supply the population with medicines and food in the context of the introduction of quarantine measures in urban agglomeration, can contribute to the elimination of identified gaps in administrative regulation.

Background. Issues on improvement of technologies of cultivation of planting material are associated with the need to intensify this process to provide an accessible and adapted assortment of woody species. Modern strategies for implementation of natural climatic solutions on degraded lands of Volgograd region provide for attraction of forest-forming adaptive tree species: Quercus (39,8%), Pinus (15,8%), Populus (7,5%). Purpose. Improve the technology of production of Quercus robur planting material. Materials and methods. On the basis of the Nizhnevolzhsk tree breeding station - a branch of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology RAS (Kamyshin, Volgograd Region), outdoor and indoor plots were allocated to improve production technology. Certified seed material Quercus robur L. (certificate of quality №34/25675, 34/25727) was used in the experiments. To ensure optimal conditions for development, the scheme of irrigation and nutrient regime (ammonium nitrate, Solar universal) were developed. Experimental data on the growth of seedlings were processed by methods of mathematical processing. The standard of seedlings is determined in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia from 04.12.2020 № 1014. Results. The effectiveness of growing seedlings Quercus robur L. with closed and open root systems is shown. The characteristics of the substrate are given, the regime of mineral nutrition, as well as the regime of watering to maintain the optimum temperature and humidity of the air and substrate are developed. Analysis of the dynamics of biometric data of plants with closed root system showed that 92% reached the standard within 2 months, with open root system - 56% of seedlings at the end of the growing season. Conclusion. According to the indicators of quality, time and volume of production, the advantage of the technology of growing Q. robur L. with closed root system.

The article examines the features of the Middle East policy of the European Union regarding the confrontation between Israel and the extremist organization Hamas in the Palestinian Gaza Strip. It is emphasized that such a large-scale and bloody confrontation between the mentioned antagonists is happening for the first time: until now, the clashes have been limited and shortlived. Due to the traditionally high sensitivity of the Palestinian problem for European societies (primarily as a stigmatization of the thesis about the «historical injustice of Europeans towards the Palestinian Arabs»), Brussels’ position in situations of aggravation of relations between Israel and Hamas was almost always formulated as equidistant from the conflicting parties, limited to calls for reconciliation. This time, much is different: after the brutal Hamas terrorist attack on Israeli territory on October 7, 2023, the EU leadership condemned the Islamist atrocities and reaffirmed Israel’s right to defense. Later, however, this position began to undergo a transformation towards traditional balance. The article examines the reasons and parameters of disagreements between the political elites of a number of EU countries on this issue, as well as conflict situations within the leading institutions of the European Union.

The paper proposes a modified method for measuring the refractive index of a triangular prism using an autocollimation angle measuring system designed to measure angles formed by flat surfaces of objects. The method involves using a fixed mirror to reflect the refracted beam, measurement of the angles of incidence of the beam on the face of the prism corresponding to the autocollimation positions and calculating the refractive index of the prism material using the solution of a system of equations. The paper presents the experimental study results for a triangular prism made of K8 optical glass using the proposed method, and a comparison of the results with the readings obtained using the State Primary Standard of the Refractive Index Unit GET 138-2021. The proposed method makes it possible to simplify the process of measuring the refractive index since there is no need to measure the angle of deviation of the beam.

Background. Fracture of the distal clavicle fracture associated with a coracoid process fracture is extremely rare in the practice of an orthopedic surgeon. Therefore, there is no common approach to the treatment of patients with this type of bone injuries of the shoulder girdle. Aim of the study to demonstrate positive experience of conservative treatment of the coracoid process fracture combined with hook plate fixation for distal clavicle fracture. Case presentation. We present a rare clinical case of a closed distal clavicle fracture associated with coracoid process fracture. Trauma occurred when the patient fell down the stairs on his abducted upper limb. After examination, the distal clavicle fracture was fixed with a hook plate. Intraoperatively, X-rays showed a satisfactory position of the coracoid process of the scapula. Therefore, it was decided not to fix it additionally. CT scans three months after the surgery showed bone fragments consolidation. Removal of the hook plate and screws from the clavicle was performed. Conclusion. Presented clinical case illustrates successful treatment result of this type of fractures without fixation of the coracoid process fracture. The hook plating allows to stabilize bone fragments and restore ligament tension, which makes this implant non-alternative for fixation of this type of injuries.

Despite the significant importance of autopsies for determining the cause of death and the evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, there is a progressive decrease in their number across all countries. At the same time, there is an active introduction of postmortem radiological studies to analyze the bodies of deceased patients. The article presents literature analysis summarizing the results of surveys from foreign specialists, as well as the opinions of Russian specialists, regarding the possibilities and features of postmortem radiological studies, mainly focusing on deceased newborns and infants. It is noted that postmortem radiological studies are carried out as part of both pathoanatomical autopsy and forensic medical examination. Postmortem computed tomography in cases of violent death and postmortem magnetic resonance imaging in cases of death from diseases were performed more often. General clinical equipment located in clinical radiology departments was more frequently used than those located in the mortuary, pathology department, or forensic facility. The analysis of the results of postmortem radiological examinations was predominantly carried out by radiologists, with a joint analysis involving a radiologist and a pathologist being less common. It is emphasized that in the Russian Federation, postmortem radiological studies are mostly of a single nature. According to Russian researchers, in the current era of advancing personalized medicine, radiation techniques, and information technologies, there arises a need to use postmortem radiological studies to objectify and improve the accuracy of traditional autopsies. Postmortem radiological studies, which are objective operator-independent methods of examining the bodies of dead people, should be considered as a highly effective stage of pathology and, especially, forensic autopsy.

The article is devoted to the development of a method of functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant on stands with running drums. The necessity of carrying out functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant is analyzed. The reasons hindering the development and implementation of the bench method for monitoring the technical condition of cars with an electric power plant are considered. The article presents the results obtained by the authors in previous works. The developed mathematical models are presented, test modes for testing cars with an electric power plant on a stand with running drums are proposed. The results of analytical and experimental identification of interrelations between the parameters of the technical condition of a car with an electric power plant and the main parameters of its functioning are presented. The revealed patterns made it possible to develop a method of functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant based on the use of a diagnostic matrix. The developed method of functional diagnostics is implemented by measuring and then comparing with the normative values of the main parameters of the functioning of a car with an electric power plant when monitoring its technical condition on a stand with running drums. A control algorithm is proposed that allows implementing the developed method of functional diagnostics. Purpose – development of a method of functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant on stands with running drums. Methods or methodologies of research – a numerical method based on the finite-difference scheme of the Park method, using a special numerical-iterative method of composing equations of motion; full-scale experimental research. Results – a method of functional diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant on stands with running drums has been developed, which, based on the revealed dependencies of the parameters characterizing the traction and dynamic properties of cars with electric power plants on the parameters of the technical condition of their units and systems, is carried out using the developed algorithm and diagnostic matrix allows quantitative control of the technical condition of cars with electric power installation, their power units and systems during the operation of cars with an electric power plant on stands with running drums and is implemented on the developed bench equipment. Practical implications. The results obtained in the form of the developed method and the equipment implementing it are advisable to apply when monitoring the technical condition and diagnostics of cars with an electric power plant at service stations, testing at manufacturing plants.

The first part of the article examines the fundamental aspects of the transformation of foreign policy concepts and strategies of the Republic of Turkey at the end of the second and beginning of the third presidential terms of Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The author’s assumption that the newly elected president in foreign policy is likely to follow the path of overcoming tensions with his Western allies and partners is justified by the analysis of the events taking place in Ankara’s relations with Washington given in the article. In the second part, the author of the article focuses on the emerging prospects for Turkey’s relations with the EU countries. The emphasis is on the analysis of the events of «crisis periods» in bilateral relations between Ankara and Brussels (in 2016 and 2020) and attempts to overcome their consequences. An important milestone in the trajectory of their reconciliation was Russia’s Special Military Operation on the territory of Ukraine. In its context, Erdogan continues to assert his role as an intermediary not only between Moscow and Kiev, but also as a channel of communication between Russia and the NATO countries as a whole.

Modern sheep breeding should be based on the production of high quality sheep products. Knowing the limits of animal productivity potential allows to manage the breeding process in the most effective way. Applying PCR-RFLP method makes it possible to identify allelic variants of genes associated with quantitative and qualitative characteristics of animals. By identifying different polymorphic variations and their phenotypic manifestations, one can create and replenish a database for managing the genetic progression of breeding-significant traits. The paper determines the gene polymorphism of growth hormone (GH), calpastatin (CAST) and growth differentiation factor (GDF9) of experimental animals and reflects an associative connection between the dynamics of growth and that of development of crossbred one-shear sheep of different origin (Russian meat merino ewes and imported producers). The article concludes that in order to increase sheep meat productivity, farms should give preference to animals carrying genes with the identified desired genotype on the studied polymorphisms and take into account their presence in the breeding process.

INTRODUCTION. To expand the range of the pantohematogen based drugs usage, to develop indications for their use in variousforms and methods, scientific research is necessary and appropriate on evaluation of the effectiveness of the antler drugs use for therehabilitation of patients with post-coronavirus syndrome, which is detected in most patients after the coronavirus infection COVID-19and is characterized by various changes in metabolism and hemostasis, autonomic nervous system, external respiration, indicators ofcentral and peripheral hemodynamics, reduced exercise tolerance, quality of life and working capacity of patients.AIM. To scientifically establish and develop of a comprehensive program of COVID-rehabilitation of patients with the use ofpantohematogen at the sanatorium-resort stage.MATERIAL AND METHODS. We conducted randomized study in parallel groups. The study included women aged 39 to 65 years(mean age 53.9±1.18 years) – 30 patients. The rehabilitation program of the patients who had pneumonia associated with COVID-19novel coronary virus infection was evaluated 3-4 months after the disease. The study group was additionally prescribed 1 capsule ofpantohematogen, three times a day with meals, for 10-12 days (dietary supplements with increased iron content). The comparisongroup received the same rehabilitation program, but without the use of pantohematogen.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. According to the severity of post-COVID pneumonia, 66.6% were diagnosed with pneumonia of moderateseverity and 33.4% with mild severity. Mild degree of dyspnea was revealed in 63.3% of patients, physical asthenia was diagnosed in70% of patients. The use of pantohematogen showed an advantage in terms of a more significant decrease in the level of physicalasthenia, a decrease in dyspnea during physical exertion, a decrease in the frequency of autonomic disorders, an improvement in thepsycho-emotional status, and a more significant decrease in reactive anxiety in these patients. In order to prolong the effectivenessof the post-COVID rehabilitation program for patients, it is advisable to continue taking pantohematogen in outpatient or homeconditions for 2 weeks, 1 capsule three times a day.CONCLUSION. For the first time the possibility and expediency of using pantogematogen with additional iron content to increasethe efficiency of the health center rehabilitation program has been studied and proved; it can be used in patients with post-COVID conditions for normalization of functional disorders, vegetative-status and normalization of psycho-emotional status in allorganizational forms of sanatorium-resort organizations, as well as at home.