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Results of studying optimal conditions and parameters for afterpurification of underspoil waters from metal ions using humic acids production waste are presented with a view to develop the efficient measures on environmental rehabilitation of ecosystems disturbed by the development of copper pyrite deposits. The influence of contact time and waste dosage on the purification process was analysed, changes in the pH of wastewater and its impact on the growth and development of plants were studied. The key factors were identified allowing to achieve the efficiency of the purification process – the optimal contact time in the range from 120 to 180 min and waste dosage of 10 g/l. The study showed that the use of waste resulted in a neutral pH value of 7.03 compared to the initial pH value of 5.95. It was ascertained that the use of iron-magnesium production waste in combination with waste from humic preparations production made it possible to achieve the MPC of commercial fishing importance (with the exception of magnesium). Wastewater after the afterpurification process with high magnesium concentrations did not have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of Lepidium sativum L. plants. From biotesting results it can also be stated that there is no negative impact on the growth and development of Lepidium sativum L. The results obtained indicate a potentiality of using afterpurified wastewater for watering plants in the process of initiating the environmental rehabilitation of the disturbed ecosystems.

In this article the authors present preliminary data of the skeletal remains from the 11th burial of the CXLIX excavation in Bolgar fortified settlement. Unusual for medieval Bolgar burial rite attracted attention to this burial during the excavations in 2010. The authors provide the characteristics of the individual features of human remains according to the results of cranial- and osteoscopy, their description in accordance with the lifetime changes and postmotem preservation. In the course of research, it was found that the individual was male, age from 35 to 45 years old, the reconstructed body length was 158–163 cm in various methods. Paleopathological research and medical and forensic reconstruction revealed signs of ankylosing spondylitis and the fracture of the sub-language bone. Graphic and plastic reconstructions of the appearance by the M.M. Gerasimov’s method were performed, the non-metric traits of the skull of the studied individual were recorded.

Relevant problems associated with treatment of industrial wastewater from heavy metal ions are considered. Due to industrial development, the amount of wastewater increases as well as the risks of heavy metals getting into surface and groundwater, accumulating in water bodies and becoming aggressive environmental pollutants, which affect the animal and human organisms. To assess the possibility of extracting metal ions (Cd2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+) from industrial wastewater and their further treatment, studies were carried out on redistribution of heavy metals in the “wastewater – waste” system using iron-magnesium production waste. Samples of the investigated waste weighing 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 g were taken for wastewater volume of 50 ml per each subsample. Contact time varied from 5 to 180 min, waste fraction was 1 mm. The interaction process showed that the waste efficiently removes metal ions (Cd2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+) from industrial wastewater. The efficiency of removing a pollutant from the solution depends on the weight of the waste subsample, initial concentration of metal ions, and contact time.

Objective. To study the influence of thoracic inlet angle (TIA) and the fracture of the articular process on the initial strength of the fixation of the spinal segment during its anterior and circular instrumental surgical stabilization in an experiment on a model of the lower cervical spinal segment. Material and Methods. The material of the study was assembled models of C6–C7 spinal segments made using addictive technologies by 3D printing. After preliminary instrumentation, spinal segments were installed on the stand testing machine using specially manufactured equipment. A metered axial load simulating the native one was applied along the axis of the parameters SVA COG–C7 and C2–C7 SVA, which values were close to the value of 20 mm, at a rate of 1 mm/min until the shear strain was reached. The system’s resistance to dis- placement was measured, and the resulting load was evaluated. Four study groups were formed depending on the modeling of the T1 slope parameter, the integrity of the facets, and the type of instrumentation. Three tests were conducted in each group. The graphical curves were analyzed, and the values of the parameters of the neutral and elastic zones, the yield point, time to yield point, and the value of the applied load for the implementation of shear displacement were recorded. The data were subjected to comparative analysis. Results. In Group 1, anterior shear displacement of the C6 vertebra could not be induced in all series. In groups 2, 3, and 4 a shear dis- placement of ≥4 mm was noted in all series. In Group 3 where a fracture of the articular process was additionally modeled, the average value of the yield point was 423.5 ± 46.8 N. Elastic zone, the time to the onset of the yield point, the time at the end point or at a shear of C6 ≥4 mm did not differ significantly. In Group 4, a translational displacement of ≥4 mm was observed, though the average yield point was 1536.0 ± 40.0 N. Conclusion. The direction of the load applied to the fixed spinal segment, as well as the presence of damage to the articular processes, play a crucial role in maintaining resistance to shear deformation of the spinal segment during its instrumental stabilization. At high values of TIA (T1 slope) and the presence of fractures of the articular processes, the isolated anterior stabilization is less effective, circular fixation of 360° under these conditions gives a high initial stability to the spinal segment.

The article presents some preliminary results of medical and forensic analysis of traumatic injuries on the skulls from medieval burials found on the territory of Bolgar fortified settlement. The researchers selected nine out of more than 300 skulls for research by visually detecting some mechanical injuries on them. Of these nine, only five were identified through stereomicroscopy, radiography, anatomical and morphological analysis as having got some intra vitam traumatic injuries, while the rest had post mortem injuries associated with exposure to some environmental factors (soil, ground waters, etc.). The study of intra vitam injuries identified specific, generic and group characteristics of traumatic weapons. It was established that not all of the identified injuries were fatal. Some injuries showed signs of healing, suggesting that the injured individual was alive some time after. Further research of lifetime injuries intends to determine objects, tools and weapons that caused traumas, and furthermore, to determine their group characteristics.

Aim: To reject one of the variants of inherited thrombophylia in a 64-year-old patient with deep thrombosis of leg veins and high hemoglobin and red cell levels., Material and Methods: The study was made of antithrombin III and protein C, protein S levels; resistance to activated protein C; molecular structure of DNA coding factor 5; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase., Results: The patient was diagnosed to have heterozygote factor V Leiden mutation. The replacement of arginine by glutamine in position 506 of factor V molecule raises the risk of thrombosis. This risk was aggravated by high hemoglobin, red cells, hematocrit, low volume of circulating plasma, smoking. The patient had normal levels of leukocytes and platelets, normal spleen size, slightly lowered level of erythropoietin., Conclusion: The presence of thrombosis in patients with erythremia or erythrocytosis rejects one of the thrombophilia forms.