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Aim. To present an interesting case of treating cholelithiasis in the setting of the Mirizzi syndrome.Materials and methods. This paper presents a clinical case of patient A. (62 years old) who was admitted to hospital with the following diagnosis: cholelithiasis, cholecysto-choledocholithiasis, obstructive jaundice. Drawing on the medical history and complaints of the patient, as well as on the results of physical, laboratory, instrumental and preliminary examination, the patient was diagnosed with choledocholithiasis in the setting of the Mirizzi syndrome. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was prescribed. The ERCP was performed in four stages. The first stage included a typical endoscopic papillotomy, a retrograde cholangiopancreatography, as well as an attempt at endoscopic mechanical lithoextraction; however, the calculus could not be removed. During the second stage, the calculus was visually localized, and its size was determined. The third stage consisted in performing electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) and mechanical lithoextraction of calculus fragments. The final, fourth stage involved follow-up direct cholangioscopy, which revealed that the common bile duct was patent and there were no calculi.Results. EHL constitutes a high-tech method of crushing calculi, which provides an opportunity to carry out minimally invasive treatment in patients with complicated cases of choledocholithiasis, when standard methods of mechanical lithoextraction are not effective.

This paper presents the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges encountered in an older woman with advanced HIV infection. Upon admission, the patient exhibited severe symptoms of interstitial pneumonia and cachexia. During hospitalization, the patient was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a wide spectrum of opportunistic pulmonary infections, including Pneumocystis jiroveci, Candida krusei, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Another major diagnostic challenge posed the patient’s prolonged fever, which persisted despite comprehensive treatment. This report underscores the importance of considering new HIV infections in older patients presenting complex clinical pictures, its significant mortality risk in older individuals, and the need for timely initiation and adjustment of antiretroviral therapy.

Introduction and objective: Diabetes represents one of the most significant healthcare challenges of the 21st century. The disease is frequently asymptomatic, with patients often remaining undiagnosed for extended periods and failing to seek assistance from healthcare professionals. A sedentary lifestyle, excessive caloric intake, and a lack of physical activity contribute to the development of obesity, which in turn leads to carbohydrate metabolism disorders. In this study, we will examine the relationship between diabetes and obesity, and discuss the drug semaglutide, which is used to treat type 2 diabetes and also promotes weight loss. Review methods: Review and summary of research studies available in open-source format on Google Scholar, PubMed. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of semaglutide in improving lipid profiles and promoting weight loss. This effect is believed to be mediated by the drug's ability to slow gastric emptying. It is evident that semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, exerts a beneficial effect on carbohydrate parameters and helps to delay the occurrence of complications associated with diabetes. Summary: A review of clinical reports and conducted studies indicates that semaglutide has the potential to enhance parameters that directly or indirectly impact the quality of life of patients with diabetes. However, the utilisation of the aforementioned pharmaceutical is associated with adverse effects, which may impede patient-physician collaboration and potentially precipitate the development of new health complications in patients. One of the effects of semaglutide treatment is a reduction in appetite, which contributes to weight loss. This property of the drug makes it suitable for use in patients with excessive body weight.

In the second decade of the 21st century, the Middle Kingdom, which had huge financial surpluses, became the world’s largest exporter of money capital, which meant that investment policy became the main element of China’s foreign policy. In the case of Central and Eastern Europe, the 16+1 (17+1) format, containing both investment policy and soft power elements, has become the basic tool of the general policy of Middle Kingdom. This article aims to define the basic principles of China’s policy towards Central and Eastern Europe. For this purpose, the following general hypothesis was formulated: Chinese policy in Central and Eastern Europe consists of presenting the countries of this region with initiatives that do not go beyond the sphere of declarations and serve as a bargaining chip in relations with Germany, the country with the greatest potential in the European Union. The general hypothesis gives rise to detailed hypotheses that were verified in individual parts of the article with the use of the comparative method. The reasons most often mentioned in the literature on the subject, such as economic, cultural, social, and political differentiation of Central and Eastern European countries, legal barriers resulting from EU legislation, insufficient recognition of the region’s needs by the Chinese side and asymmetry of expectations of both parties, undoubtedly largely contribute to the lack of effective Sino-CEE cooperation. However, they cannot be considered decisive because similar problems occur wherever Chinese companies appear. However, in many regions of the world, despite these obstacles, mutual economic relations are more dynamic than in CEE. The reasons why the potential of the 16+1 (17+1) format has not been properly used can be found primarily in the context of German-Chinese relations.

Among the accounts of travels in Spain in the 1st half of the 19th century, there is a rather unknown memoir of Piotr Falkenhagen-Zaleski, written on the basis of his 1843 experiences. This exceptionally capable and flexible emigrant began his career in international trade, having successfully tried his hand at journalism and politics in the past. He became an employee at the Henry Hall department store in London, and then opened his own company of the same sort, establishing contacts in many European countries. The travel to Spain aimed at securing another contract. It appears that he did not achieve this goal. On the other hand, the stay behind the Pyrenees, mainly in Barcelona and Madrid, and the very travel from France to Spain allowed the Polish traveller to become familiar with two elements of the Spanish (political and cultural) reality through an incident with the Carlists and the corrida spectacle. He put those experiences in an interesting, although brief report from Spain.

Świat współczesnych finansów jest coraz większym wyzwaniem dla społeczeństwa. Katolicka nauka społeczna dostrzega liczne problemy obecne w tym obszarze, stąd pojawiające się diagnozy przestrzegające przed skutkami porzucenia w ekonomii wymagań etycznych. Szczególnie cennym w tym obszarze jest watykański dokument Oeconomicae et pecuniariae quaestiones wydanym przez Kongregację Nauki Wiary i Dykasterię ds. Integralnego Rozwoju Człowieka 17.05.2018 roku. Wśród wymienionych tam poważnych problemów dotykających finanse XXI wieku wymieniono: proces odrywania się finansów od realnej gospodarki, niemoralne praktyki finansowe i podatkowe oraz zagrożenia związane z narastającym procesem globalizacji. Każde z tych zagadnień wymaga wzmożonej uwagi społeczno-politycznej w świetle zasad właściwej antropologii. Ta ostatnia musi cenić godność człowieka oraz wartość prawdy zakorzenionej w miłości, wyżej niż perspektywy oczekiwanych zysków finansowych. Słowa klucze: katolicka nauka społeczna, etyka, finanse.

Narrowing of the lower respiratory tract is a rare pathology. It may be associated with pathologies of the primary respiratory system or connective tissue diseases (systemic scleroderma, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, relapsing polychondritis). It can lead to non-specific clinical symptoms. We present an interesting case of a 52-year old patient with a history of several months’ dyspnea. Imaging tests revealed significant stenosis of the trachea and the left main bronchus. Tracheobronchopatia osteochondroplastica was diagnosed. Moreover, we carry out the differential diagnosis of the above pathology.

We present a rare case of a patient operated due to a lung tumor, which was ultimately diagnosed as malignant peripherial nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). MPNSTs are rare tumors of soft tissue with mesenchymal origin. The World Health Organization has distinguished this group in order to unify terms in mesenchymal heterogeneous malignant tumors, e.g. neurofibrosarcomas, malignant schwannomas and malignant neurilemmoma [1]. They can occur as a result of neoplastic expansion of peripheral nerves’ branches, peripheral nerve fibers’ sheaths or Schwann cells, although many researchers believe that these tumors can derive not only from one, but several cell lines. MPNSTs are very rare in thorax, where they show aggressive pattern of growth [2] and stem from pleural cells rather than lung tissue.

Introduction. Emotional intelligence is a set of abilities used for processing emotional informations that underpins the development of social and emotional competence. Knowing one’s own emotional intelligence is a valuable element of the individual's self-knowledge which allows to develop further and improve weaknesses through social training. Aim of the study. To study the profile of emotional intelligence and to identify the developmental needs of the researched man. Case report. The study was conducted on a 33 year old man, a computer scientist with 11 years of work experience. A qualitative research methodology was used - a case study. The Popular Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire was used to determine the overall level of emotional intelligence and its four components. The results of the study are presented with reference to sten standards. With a probability of 85%, the true test result for an overall level of emotional intelligence is in the range of 7 to 8 and can be considered as at least average and possibly even high. The researched man achieved high scores on emotional scales (from 8 to 10) and emotional control (from 7 to 10), with slightly lower scores on emotional acceptance scales (6 to 9 stens) and empathy (5 to 8 stens). The results of the strategic emotional intelligence components are statistically significantly higher than the experimental emotional intelligence components. Conclusions. Obtained results indicate that the studied man has at least average, perhaps even high general level of emotional intelligence and the predominance of strategic emotional intelligence over experimental emotional intelligence.

The paper presents the morphology and geology of the Esker Lake Brzuchowo - Stone Krajeński. Particular attention was paid to the sedimentological record in esker sediments, which is important to determine the conditions of its creation.

Streszczenie Tworzenie wartości przez organizacje sportowe uzależnione jest od realizowanych przez nie funkcji oraz uwarunkowań działalności. Odniesienie sukcesu uzależnione jest od zastosowania właściwego modelu oraz metod tworzenia i przechwytywania wartości. Ich znaczenie dla organizacji wynika ze świadomości potrzeb klientów oraz ich umiejscowienia w modelu wartości. Celem opracowania jest przeprowadzenie teoretycznego studium dotyczącego metod i narzędzi stosowanych w koncepcji kreacji wartości przez organizacje sportowe. W pierwszej części przedstawiono przegląd źródeł, rodzajów oraz determinant stosowania priorytetu wartości w organizacji. Następnie dokonano analizy teorii stosowanych w przedsiębiorstwach sportowych i ich praktycznych zastosowań. Słowa kluczowe: wartość, zarządzanie, łańcuch wartości, sklep wartości, sieć wartości Abstract Creating value by sports organizations is dependent on the performance of their functions and determinants of business. Success depends on the proper application of the model and methods for creating and capturing value. Their importance to the organization stems from the awareness of customers’ needs and their position in the value model. The paper discuss theoretical and practical methods and tools used in the concept of value creation by sports organizations. In the introductory part, the author presents the views, sources, types and motives of use the value priority in organizations. Then he focuses on the analysis of used in practice theories of value creation by sports organizations. Keywords: Value, Management, Value Chain, Value Shop, Value Net

Hojan Marcin, Krupa Adam. Zagrożenia procesami osuwiskowymi związane z planowaną rewitalizacją ścieżki spacerowej na Winnej Górze w Ujściu = Landslide risk associated with the planned revitalization of the walking path on the Winna Góra in Ujście. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(12):731-743. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47020 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3411 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/718158 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport (null) 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.12.2015. Revised 25.12.2015. Accepted: 29.12.2015. Zagrożenia procesami osuwiskowymi związane z planowaną rewitalizacją ścieżki spacerowej na Winnej Górze w Ujściu Landslide risk associated with the planned revitalization of the walking path on the Winna Góra in Ujście Hojan Marcin, Krupa Adam Instytut Geografii, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Abstrakt W artykule przedstawiono zagrożenia związane z rewitalizacją ścieżki spacerowej na Winnej Górze w Ujściu. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na opady atmosferyczne, które są ważnym czynnikiem wpływającym na zainicjowanie ruchów masowych. Wskazano istniejący stan przekształceń rzeźby na Winnej Górze oraz przeanalizowano możliwe skutki realizacji przebudowy ścieżki w pierwotnym założeniu. Słowa kluczowe: procesy stokowe, ruchy masowe, przebudowa ścieżki. Abstract The paper presents the risks associated with the revitalization of the walking path at Winna Góra (Vine Mountain) in Ujście. Particular attention was paid to the precipitation, which is an important factor in the initiation of mass movements. The existing state of transformation sculptures at Winna Góra and analyzed the possible effects of the implementation of the reconstruction of the path of the original premise was indicated. Keywords: slope processes, mass movements, path reconstruction.

Krupa Adam, Hojan Marcin. Analiza poglądów na rozwój ozów = Analysis of views on the esker genesis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(12):717-730. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.47019 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3410 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/718157 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport (null) 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.12.2015. Revised 25.12.2015. Accepted: 29.12.2015. Analiza poglądów na rozwój ozów Analysis of views on the esker genesis Krupa Adam, Hojan Marcin Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Polska Abstrakt W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano historię poglądów na temat ozów, jak również analizę ich obecnego stanu z odniesieniem do własnych badań i obserwacji na obszarze Pojezierza Krajeńskiego. Słowa kluczowe: ozy, drenaż lądolodu, środowisko subglacjalne, środowisko inglacjalne, środowisko supraglacjalne. Abstract This paper presents the history of views on the esker genesis, as well as an analysis of their current state with reference to own research and observations in the area of Krajna Lakeland. Keywords: eskers, ice sheet drainage, subglacial environment, inglacial environment, supraglacial environment.

Krupa Adam, Hojan Marcin, Rurek Mirosław, Giętkowski Tomasz. Sukcesja osadowa kopalnego koryta rzeki meandrującej na przykładzie Radacznicy (woj. Wielkopolskie, Polska) = Sedimentary succession of a fossil meandering river channel on the example of Radacznica (Wielkopolska voivodeship, Poland). Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(5):263-274. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17735 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%285%29%3A263-274 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/560514 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17735 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.04.2015. Accepted: 08.05.2015. Sukcesja osadowa kopalnego koryta rzeki meandrującej na przykładzie Radacznicy (woj. Wielkopolskie, Polska) Sedimentary succession of a fossil meandering river channel on the example of Radacznica (Wielkopolska voivodeship, Poland) Krupa Adam, Hojan Marcin, Rurek Mirosław, Giętkowski Tomasz Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Polska Abstrakt W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań prowadzonych w dolinie Radacznicy. Stanowi ona głęboko wciętą w wysoczyznę formę, która posiada miejscami płaskie dno. W jednej z wykonanych odkrywek stwierdzono występowanie specyficznej sedymentacji, która wskazuje na meandrujący charakter rzeki. Paleokoryta zostały szczegółowo przeanalizowane (typy osadów, rozmiary, rekonstrukcja środowiska), aby określić sukcesję osadową. Wyniki wskazują, że nawet tak małe rzeki jak Radacznica mogą zmieniać położenie swojego koryta w wyniku różnych czynników naturalnych, a w ostatnich latach również antropogenicznych. Słowa kluczowe: paleokoryta, sedymentacja, osady korytowe i pozakorytowe, dolina erozyjna. Abstract This paper presents results of research conducted in the Radacznica valley. The valley is deeply cut into the morainic upland and forms a rather narrow V-shaped gorge in its upper part as well as a wider, flat-bottomed section in its lower reaches. In one of the examined pits the evidences for the meandering nature of the river have been found. The structures of the paleochannel were analyzed in details to determine the sedimentary succession. The results show that even such small rivers as Radacznica can change the position of its bed due to the influences of natural factors as well as in recent years the anthropogenic. Key words: paleochanels, sedmientation, chanel and overbank deposits, erosion valley.

Far away from nowhere Abstract The person of and texts of Joseph Roth were used by Claudio Magris in his work to showa complex analysis of the Jewish intellectual culture of the beginning of 20th century – thewriting of Roth is a counterpoint to general considerations of writings of other Jewishintellectualists and to indicate differences and similarities between them. Especially WalterBenjamin is the one of the most recalled name in the work of Magris. An essayistic style of thewriter places his work among scientific work and artistic text. Keywords: Mitteleuropa, Claudio Magris, Józef Roth

Black humor in Władysław Szlengel works, with particular focus on Mała stacja Treblinki (A small station called Treblinki) Władysław Szlengel (1914–1943), was a Jewish poet writing in Polish. His works are the best example of the use of black humor in Polish poetry of World War II. War caused him to change his worldview, which is reflected in the change of humor in his works. The shift was so powerful that in fact Szlengel-commentator replaced Szlengel-satirist. He did not hesitate to use the sharpest irony both against his enemies and against other victims of the system. His poem A Small Station Called Treblinki is the most shocking instance of black humor. Key words: Władyslaw Szlengel; black humour; holocaust; humour; risus sardonicus;

An outline of Catholic ecclesiology contained in the article covers its entire history from the post-Scripture period to the Second Council of Vatican.

Introduction. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to studying the EEG correlates of humor and insight. The novelty of the study lies in exploring the similarities and differences in the EEG correlates of original humorous insight and non-insight solutions. Very few publications are available in the literature that address to the psychophysiological study of humor creating. Materials and Methods. EEG recordings of 78 right-handed students were evaluated. The average age of respondents was 23 years. EEG registration was carried out when the research participants answered the question “What’s in the picture?” The original stimulus material consisted of simple abstract drawings (droodles), which enabled the respondents to give various interpretations. These interpretations were original and also original and humorous. The study analyzed the strength and distribution of EEG coherence in the theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. Results. The comparative analysis revealed EEG coherence when finding original and humorous insight and non-insight solutions. This was intra- and interhemispheric coherence in the anterior, mainly prefrontal, and posterior, mainly occipital, cortex. Coherence in the right prefrontal cortex, interhemispheric coherence in the occipital cortex (low frequencies), and also intrahemispheric coherence in the posterior cortex in all the investigated frequency ranges were prominent when finding insight original and humorous solutions. Discussion. The study (a) revealed the role of frequency bands in cognitive and, above all, in creative activity, (b) compared the obtained results with findings of other researchers of the EEG correlates of creative thinking, and (c) described brain correlates of insight problem solving. Conclusion. The EEG correlates of humor and insight are similar.

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