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Utilization of natural resources to increase agricultural production is part of the concept of sustainable agriculture, the natural resources in question are rice husks, sawdust and other materials derived from nature. This study aims to determine the best type of mulch in increasing the growth and yield of soybean plants. This study used a one-factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatment levels, namely: without mulch (F0), rice husk mulch (F1), wood sawdust mulch (F2), black plastic mulch (F3) and mulch silver plastic (F4). Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that there were 15 study plots. The results of the study by giving rice husk mulch gave better results than all types of mulch used. In observing the height of the soybean plants, at the ages of 20, 30 and 40 DAP, they were 18.39 cm, 20.49 cm and 22.80 cm respectively. The average number of leaves at the ages of 20 and 30 HST were 14 each. 33 pods and 29.27 pods, the average number of pods per plant was 177.67 pods, and the average seed weight per plant was 120.72 g. Utilization of rice husk mulch can increase the growth and yield of soybean plants.

Many innovative researches on the development and introduction of recombinant vaccines against many economically important parasites were carried out in the 20th century. Research continues to hold promise with the development of immunological and molecular approaches for control of these parasites and in this regard it has already been seen that blood-sucking parasites such as Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia ostertagi are susceptible to control by vaccines containing "novel" or "concealed" antigens. Haemonchus contortus is primarily pathogenic to sheep and its blood-feeding behaviour causes effects ranging from mild anaemia to mortality in young animals. Current means of control which are dependent on repeated treatment with anthelmintics are responsible for the increasing drug resistance of this parasite. Together with the growing concern of residual chemicals in the environment and food chain, this has led to attempts to better understand the biology of the parasite with an aim to develop alternate means of control, including the development of molecular vaccines. More problematic and also important is the formulation and delivery strategy to induce expulsion of this parasite, using vaccines containing recombinant "conventional" antigens. Tremendous progress has been made in the last decade in identifying several antigens from Haemonchus contortus which in their native form stimulate useful levels of protective immunity. Vaccines have been developed against H. contortus using 'novel' gut antigens from the parasite, but variable responsiveness of the host sheep has resulted in varying degrees of protection which are stimulated by these vaccines. Computer models have also been used to simulate vaccine efficacy in worm control and have yielded good results. This review will try to summarise the protective efficacy and also the molecular properties of principal candidate antigens which are expressed by this parasite. The review will try to cover the aspirations, current success, limitations and problems faced by researchers in the control of this economically important parasite.