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The data of trap surveys and observations aboard fishing vessels conducted in the northwestern Tatar Strait (northward from Cape Zolotoy) in 2009–2022 are analyzed. Horsehair crabs dwell along the entire continental coast from Cape Zolotoy in the south to Cape Nakatov in the north, but commercial aggregations with the density on average 232 ind./km2 are concentrated in the southern part of this area (south of 49о N). Seasonal bathymetric migrations of the crab include the fall moving of commercial males from the depths of 10–40 m to the depths of 40–60 m for wintering and their return to shallows in spring. Two dense wintering aggregations are formed usually between Cape Peschany – Cape Mapatsa and southward from 48о00′ N, whereas sparse summer aggregations are widely distributed along the coast. Regardless the season, the aggregations density decreases from south to north. The males are generally larger in the southern aggregations than in the northern ones (on average, 100.3 and 89.8 mm of carapace width, respectively), the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The stock of horsehair crab in the northwestern Tatar Strait has increased in the last 20 years from136 tons in 2003 to 1580 tons in 2022. Over the past 10 years, the optimal allowable catch in the Primorye subzone north of Cape Zolotoy was utilized less than 50 %. There is no specialized fishery of horsehair crab; the species is caught mainly as bycatch for other shelf crab species. High current level of the stock gives a good background for commercial removal of at least 158 t of horsehair crab without damage to the local population of this species.

Introduction. Most modern bullet and high-speed electric trains are equipped with a Class II power actuator with stiff or elastic support of electric motors on the bogie frame. Both tractive motors on the bogies of electric trains of the Velaro platform and on the Sapsan High-Speed Electric Train are rigidly supported on the underpan, which is elastically connected to the bogie frame in the transverse direction by means of four leaf springs. Due to the low lateral stiffness of the suspension, when the train is moving, the underpan with the electric tractive motor makes transverse displacement relative to the bogie frame depending on the amount of free play of the underpan. This design acts as a dynamic shock absorber in a certain frequency range and contributes to an increase in the critical speed of the train.Materials and methods. In order to evaluate the properties of the electric tractive motor transverse cushioning, the bogie frame was subjected to an amplitude-frequency analysis and a study of free and forced horizontal oscillations of the elastic and stiff suspension systems of the electric tractive motor on the bogie frame with the definition of probabilistic characteristics of random processes. For these purposes, a 3D simulation model of a motor car of a high-speed electric train has been developed in the Universal Mechanism software package. Numerical simulations gave realisations of stationary and ergodic random processes.Results. The transverse cushioning of the electric tractive motor gives it the function of a dynamic shock absorber, has a positive impact on the stability of the cab at high speed, significantly reduces the amplitude and frequency of horizontal oscillations of the bogie frame, as well as frame forces. The maximum effect of dynamic damping is achieved at a natural frequency of transverse oscillations of the electric tractive motor, close to the frequency of transverse oscillations of the wheel pair.Discussion and conclusion. The dynamic damping effect can be obtained within a certain range of the natural frequency of transverse oscillations of the electric tractive motor, depending on the parameters of the contact between the wheel and the rail, damping of the horizontal oscillations of the electric motor necessary to limit the resonant oscillation amplitudes. At the same time, the low stiffness of the suspension contributes to an increase in the transverse and angular displacement of the electric tractive motor. Permissible transverse and angular displacement require regulation depending on the characteristics of the gear clutch and the parameters of the undercarriage as a whole at the design stage of this design.

Experiments on comparing the methods for assessment of Saccharina japonica commercial stock were conducted in 2021. In total, 11 sites in the northwestern Tatar Strait southward from the Sovetskaya Gavan Bay, along the 44 km stretch of coastline between Cape Krasny Partizan (48о58′ N 140о23′ E) and Cape Korovin (48о37′ N 140о11′ E), were surveyed aboard RV Ubezhdenny and small boats. This is a traditional area of Saccharina japonica commercial harvesting. Four methods were compared: 1) visual assessment of projective cover from the sea surface by two observers independently; 2) assessment of projective cover by two observers independently on the images obtained from a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV); 3) estimation of projective cover by a diver; and 4) assessment on the data of quantitative diving samples. The former three methods are comparable and differ by 1.2–1.7 times. The estimates made by the latter method of diving sampling exceed them by 2.4–4.1 times because of artifacts specific to this method. To eliminate inaccuracies, diving samples should be collected under control from the sea surface by ROV. Evaluation of the projective cover by diver is inadvisable. Visual assessments of the projective cover from the sea surface are simple and cheap but inconvenient for documentation. The stock assessment with micro-ROV is recognized as the optimal method provided an adequate accounting of the kelp abundance and complete documenting of the survey materials.

Background. The article deals with the theory of constraints in relation to the specifics of the functioning of research and production enterprises. The trends in the work of the research and production sphere are analyzed. The purpose of the article is to systematize scientific approaches to the application of the theory of constraints for the work of research and production enterprises, to identify trends in their development and to develop systemic characteristics of the "bottlenecks" in the innovation activity of research and production enterprises. Materials and methods. The information base of the study was the theory of the firm, the theory of organization of industrial production, technological theory, the theory of cluster models, the theory of lean production, and the theory of innovation. Official statistics were used as the statistical base. The time series for comparative assessment was 2017–2022. Description, comparative and comparative analysis, time series analysis, descriptive statistics methods, trend analysis, regression analysis, methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization are used as research methods in the article. Results. The stages of work with "bottlenecks" in the theory of constraints for research and production enterprises are systematized. A classification of limitations ("bottlenecks") of innovative activity of research and production enterprises has been developed. Conclusions. The fundamental difference of the proposed approach lies in the improvement of the methodological foundations for determining and eliminating restrictions of a different nature in the functioning of research and production enterprises.

The article presents the results of a study on the application possibilities developed by the authors method of «intrapsychic interview» carried out in the structure of the psychiatric examination of patients with depressive episodes of moderate and mild degree. In the comparison group were healthy individuals, who were also conducting «intrapsychic interview». The study involved 64 patients with an established diagnosis of depressive episode (F31.3, F32.0, F32.1) and 23 healthy mental attitude of a person. The study revealed that patients with depressive symptoms experience mental phenomena is characterized by the tendency to avoid experiencing negative feelings, the desire to achieve a state of «inner peace», a tendency to postpone the satisfaction of natural needs, a decline in the ability to recognize their own feelings and their interpretation. According to the study it is assumed that the «intrapsychic interview» allows you to achieve a more complete understanding of the clinical picture of mental disorders and their dynamics.

The article provides information obtained during the monitoring of the spawning run of autumn chum salmon of the Amur River, conducted in 2023 near Tyr settlement. Data on the main biological indicators of autumn chum salmon are presented. Data on the dynamics of fishery indicators in the area over a number of years are also presented.

The relevance of the study is related to the need to activate innovation in the context of socio-economic and geopolitical challenges that the Russian economy faces. In the innovative economy, the labour costs and physical capital are reduced, and the share of intellectual capital in the first-cost of created products increases. There is a rapid growth in the productivity of production factors while their first-cost decreases. All this suggests that we need to study innovation processes in relation to the manufacturability level of production as a system characteristic that describes the type of a particular production. The authors present the structure of production types by the level of manufacturability and types of economic activity that form them. The specificity of the innovation activity of the industry is indicated according to the level of production manufacturability. The comparative characteristic of innovation activity of this phenomenon on various levels is also given.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and implementation processes of defence innovation in a demand – supply format. The main research methods are the dialectical and systematic approach, the method of formalisation and modelling, logical-functional and logical-structural analysis. The result of the study is the design of a lifecycle matrix for the development and implementation phases of defence innovation that visualises the objectives, functions, indicators, key deliverables by phase and stage of the innovation lifecycle. The matrix is intended for managers as a tool to help formulate the functions of the participants in the innovation process and to monitor and analyse problem areas in the innovation system. A business model of the innovation system of the defense complex in the demand – supply format is proposed, including elements that create supply and demand for innovative products, implement mediation mechanisms between participants that generate supply and demand. The results obtained are aimed at developing a methodology for organising and managing the development and implementation of innovations in the defence industry and can be used by authorities in the innovation policy formation, in developing and improving the programmes for the defence industry development in Russia.

The Russkaya station (Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica) was one of the wintering stations of the Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE) before its conservation in 1990. Starting from the field season of the 65th RAE (2019/20), work is under way at Russkaya station to put it into operation as a functioning wintering station. Due to its significant distance from other RAE infrastructure sites and also due to severe climate, organization of logistical operations in this area requires a special approach. For the most effective transport communication with the station, it is planned to organize an airstrip to receive planes on ski landing gear on the surface of the outlet glacier. Glaciers of this type are oſten characterized by crevasses, which are not traceable on the surface, which makes it necessary to study the structural sub-surface features of the glacier. For this purpose, geophysical survey in the field season of the 65th RAE were carried out with usage of the GPR-method. GPR profiling at a frequency of 900 MHz allowed us to identify the crevasses and assess their morphometric characteristics, in particular the width and depth. The widest crevasses were examined in detail to improve the interpretation of GPR data. Based on the results of geophysical works, the boundaries of zones were determined, within which the crevasses are either absent, or their width does not exceed 0.6 m. In addition, by means of core drilling, values of ice density to a depth of 5 m from the surface were obtained, which correspond to the normative data on preparation of airfields for operation of airplanes on ski landing gear. Based on the results of geophysical and glaciological investigations, a site on the glacier suitable for runway preparation was identified. An area safe for organization of transport communication between the airfield and Russkaya station was also identified. It is adjacent to the hills of the oasis, as the glacier in this part is the most stationary.

The paper presents new data on the texture and density of a unique natural object – perennial fresh landfast ice in the Gulf of Transcription (East Antarctica), obtained in January 2020. The main purpose of the work was a planned (scheduled) inspection of the landing site selected for the 63rd season of the Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE), investigation of the ice core sampling and analysis of its texture, including measuring the ice density. The thickness of the ice cover at the core sampling site was 3.02 m. In the long-standing (perennial) fast ice, the new ice is formed mainly from below as a natural growing of the congelation ice. From above a new ice is formed in smaller volumes, and it is either the infiltration ice in spring or freezing of melt water on the surface in autumn. Infiltration ice does not contribute much to the old fast ice, remaining a seasonal phenomenon. The reasons for that are insufficient snow accumulation in winter and the lack of salt water in the subglacial layer. In the upper layer of ice, its density is minimal and amounts to 680–720 kg/m3, increasing with depth and approaching its maximum at the lower edge – 917 kg/m3. The average density of ice is 875 kg/m3. The effect of primary air inclusions (bubbles) on the density of ice which contains large crystals of tens of centimeters in size is approximately the same for the whole ice thickness. Significant changes in the density of ice are caused by secondary inclusions which are formed during the freezing of melt water in the runoff and riverbed flows. It is shown how a crack in the ice, probably thermal, is further transformed under the influence of temperature and melt water runoff into a sinusoidal channel. This is rather common phenomenon associated with the thermal physics of the ice cover, the melting–freezing processes, and surface tension. The period of the sinusoid increases linearly with depth (the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.99). Thus, the new data obtained allows expanding the present-day scientific notions on the role of physical processes in formation and evolution of long-standing (perennial) ice.

Coronary heart disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, and coronary bypass surgery -- the treatment standard in haemodynamically significant multivessel and/or trunk coronary stenosis. Intraoperative haemodynamics support during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with reduced ejection fraction currently remains controversial. Manifold evidence favours CABG with no extracorporeal circulation in higher risk patients to avoid the system’s frequent complications of blood transfusion, renal failure, bleeding, wound infection, cerebrovascular events and humoral disturbances. On the other hand, CABG with extracorporeal circulation and heart arrest allows a bloodless operating field and complete revascularisation in most, often very complex, cases. The complication rate and outcome in beating-heart surgery are reckoned to depend directly on the relevant surgeon’s and clinic experience, which makes many relinquish the technique due to a limited history of skill. This essay overviews the current state of the art, discussions of recent systematic studies on intraoperative haemodynamics support in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and touches upon the importance of surgeon’s experience for the operation outcome.

In May 2015, a comprehensive study of an old ice ridge was carried out to the north of Bennett Island in the East-Siberian Sea with application of water thermal drilling, tachometric and sonar surveys, video survey by the underwater device and methods for determination of the ice strength and physical properties. It is shown that only a combination of different methods allows us to obtain a correct assessment of the main morphometric characteristics of a large ice feature and determine its volume and mass. An analysis of ice ridge internal structure parameters obtained by the method of water thermal drilling with the drilling rate record to a logger made it possible to reveal a composite character of the ice feature (the ice ridge consisted of a larger old fragment and a smaller first-year fragment) and approximately assess its age (3-4 years). A comparison of the main morphometric characteristics of an old ice ridge and the average values of first-year ice ridges, investigated in the same region at the same period of time showed the old ice ridge to have significantly greater geometric parameters. The old ice ridge volume and mass were greater compared to the average first-year ice ridge by 5.6 and 5.8 times, respectively. Such significant advantage of the old ice ridge is likely to be determined by the composite character of the ice feature rather than by its age. The average for the entire composite ice ridge thickness of the consolidated layer (4.6 m) is almost two-fold greater than the average thickness of the consolidated layer in the first-year ice ridges (2.33 m), and the average value of the consolidated layer in the ice ridge old part (5.22 m) is 2.2 times greater than in first-year ice ridges. An old ice ridge is characterized by an almost complete flatness (without any possibility to identify some separate blocks) and minimal sail porosity (1 %). The salinity and density of ice comprising the old ice ridge sail were much lower than in first-year ice ridges. The sail/keel ratio is greater on average in first-year ice ridges – 3.46 against 3.07 in the old ice ridge. The average ice density in the old ice ridge, determined analytically in accordance with the buoyancy conditions, was 896 kg/m3, and the average ice density in first-year ice ridges based on measurement data was 917 kg/m3.

The consortium of Russian and European universities carried out the project of Qualifications Framework Development for Higher Educational Institutions in the Ural region in 2009–2010, which consistently resolved a new task of creating the professional and educational environment in the Ural Federal Region, and developed the proposals for the national qualifications framework elaboration. The project involved studying the European experience and academic staff surveys, developing the qualification grid for educational institutions and industrial enterprises with different forms of ownership, and finally – creating and approbating the Regional Qualifications Framework adapted to the Russian realities. As a result, the research outcomes were incorporated both in the Ural State Federal University qualifications framework in metallurgy, and the new Federal State Educational Standard.

Japanese cone-shaped traps for crabs are calibrated with the data of trawl survey in the northwestern Tartar Strait. The 100 % effective catch area for each trap in the order does not exceed 665 m2 for spiny crab, 1513 m2 for king crab, 3811 m2 for horsehair crab, and 4019 m2 for tanner crab opilio. Unification of methods for the stock assessment by trap surveys is discussed.