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Aim. To assess the rate of adverse cardiovascular events (a combination of non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular death) within 12 months after MI in patients who were followed up in outpatient clinics in Moscow after the hospital discharge, as well as its association with antiplatelet therapy.Material and methods. This observational multicenter, open-label, prospective study that consecutively included patients after MI and came for further treatment and observation to the clinic after the hospital discharge, subject to providing informed consent. Data were obtained at four scheduled visits (an inclusion visit and 3 follow-up visits — 3, 6 and 12 months after the event). An analysis was carried out in the context of various antiplatelet therapy.Results. The study included 1576 patients in 27 Moscow clinics (mean age, 62,2±11,1 years; men — 69%; ST-segment elevation MI — 57,7%, non-ST elevation MI — 42,3%). At the time of study inclusion, 47,2% of patients received dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel, 4,2% — prasugrel, 48,6% — ticagrelor, with a mean duration of 11,2 months. Incidence of adverse cardiovascular events over 12-month follow-up rate was low and amounted to 3,4% (cumulative incidence, 0,038). This indicator was significantly lower in the subgroup of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention compared with patients who received conservative therapy for MI (p=0,0002).Conclusion. The study demonstrated a low incidence of adverse cardiovascular events over 12 months in patients followed up in outpatient clinics in Moscow after an MI, while percutaneous coronary intervention for MI was associated with a lower incidence of adverse cardiovascular events compared with conservative therapy.

The major algorithms and methods of machine learning are considered. A possibility of machine learning and neural network using for electronic equipment quality prediction is assessed. The paper provides examples of the successful application of these algorithms to improve such quality of electronic components indicators as reliability, resistance to external influencing factors, etc. Before testing electronic components on resistance to external influencing factors it is necessary to identify samples of electronic components by fluoroscopy in order to identify possible heterogeneity in the structure of samples belonging to the same batch. A solution of the electronic components batches uniformity problem using computer vision and clustering algorithms is proposed.

Analysis of cytokine profile markers in conjunction with the clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can provide valuable information about the pathogenetic manifestations of the disease, and therefore, in the future, determine drugs that affect the cytokine storm and have an anti-inflammatory effect.Aim. To identify correlations between the parameters of the developed cytokine profile and the clinical course in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 of different severity.Material and methods. The study included 70 hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, with a mean age of 58 [50;69] years, including 40 men (57%) and 30 women (43%). The average lung involvement according to computed tomography (CT) at admission was CT-2 [1;3]. Peripheral venous blood was taken at admission, which averaged 7 [6; 8] days from the symptom onset. Standard biochemical parameters were studied, as well as 47 cytokines and chemokines using the Multiplex system (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).Results. Correlations was found between the lung involvement degree and the level of IL-8 (r=0,31, p

It is known, that the application of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between two dyes absorbing in different spectrum regions allows shifting of the excitation wavelength into the blue region. We investigated spectral properties and FRET between styryl (St) and squaraine (Sq) dyes to evaluate the possibility of using such FRET-pair to determine conformational changes in proteins. Spectral properties of St and Sq in polar (phosphate buffer), nonpolar (chloroform) solvents and in non-covalent complexes with BSA (bovine serum albumin) and HSA (human serum albumin) were studied. The effect of changes in protein conformation induced by urea solutions of various concentrations on the spectral properties of dyes and energy transfer efficiency was also studied. It was found that the polarity of the medium affects the fluorescent properties of dyes in different ways: styryl dye has a positive solvatofluorochromism, while the squaraine dye has the negative one. Both dyes show negative solvatochromism, and their quantum yields substantially increase in a less polar environment. Despite the spectral differences of the St-BSA and St-HSA complexes, their quantum yields are the same, and in case of squaraine dye the quantum yield for Sq-HSA is almost twice higher that for Sq-BSA. When the conformation of protein changes, the dyes go into the aqueous phase, as a result the intensity of their fluorescence decreases almost to the level of fluorescence of the free dye in phosphate buffer. There are two bands corresponding to the donor and acceptor in the fluorescence spectra of the double complexes St-BSA-Sq and St-HSA-Sq. The pair of styryl-squaraine dyes is differently sensitive to the conformation changes in these albumins caused by urea: the FRET efficiency for HSA changes by 11.5 times, while for BSA only by 2.1 times. Thus, the St–Sq pair has the ability to detect a change in the conformation of proteins, but the efficiency of the pair depends on the properties of the protein under study.

The research purpose: to study features of clinical process of a coronary heart disease when it combines with a bronchial asthma.The materials and methods: 180 people were included in the research, 90 of them suffer from both CHD and BA (the first group), and also 90 people have only CHD without BA (the second group). The examination included complaint collection process, studying medical history, medical examination, percussion, auscultation, blood pressure measurement with the Korotkov’s method twice a day (in the morning and in the evening), heart rate measurement, 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring, echodoplercardiography. Besides, standard laboratory biochemical testing, including total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, were made with the enzymatic colorimetric method.The results. Dyspnoea is the main complaint among 86 patients with both CHD and asthma, humans have (95,5%), moreover, dyspnoea combines with heartbeating in 73,8%, and is accompanied by angina pectoris only in 20%. There is a significant difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (р=0,001) that becomes higher if CHD combines with asthma. The signs of left ventricular and interventricular septum hypertrophy were discovered in the first group, these signs statistically significantly differ from the ones in the second group. The medium pulmonary arterial pressure is significantly higher in the combined group than in the group with only CHD (р=0,001). It is revealed with 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring that cases of myocardial ischemia are more frequent in the group which consists of patients with CHD. Besides, duration of ischemic depression per day is longer in this group too. It might be that if patients have both CHD and asthma they do not reach an ischemic threshold because of dyspnoea due to a respiratory failure.The conclusion. According to our findings bronchial asthma occurs among patients with coronary heart disease in 16.6% of cases. It is a distinctive feature of a bronchial asthma associated with coronary heart disease, that a patient often complaints to dyspnea (cardiopulmonary) and palpitation, increase in arterial blood pressure and heart rate, which appropriately indicates the activation of rennin-angiotensin-aldosteron and sympathicoadrenal systems. It requires the inclusion of appropriate drug groups in the treatment of patients.

The work was to develop a highly sensitive, fluorescence based method to monitor conformational changes in proteins. With this aim, the influence of unfolding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules on the spectral properties of squaraine dye Sq1 and dicyanomethylene squaraine dye Sq2 was investigated. The conformational changes were initiated by urea in the concentration of up to 8 M. The following three intensity-based methods of using these dyes were evaluated: (i) dye Sq1 was covalently bound to BSA; (ii) dye Sq1 was noncovalently bound to BSA; and (iii) dye Sq2 was noncovalently bound to BSA. The change in the fluorescence intensity of these dyes upon the BSA unfolding was measured. An additional, fourth method was based on the measurements of the change in the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between Sq1 (donor) covalently bound to BSA and Sq2 (acceptor) able to noncovalent binding with BSA. The change in the FRET was due to the BSA unfolding initiated by urea. The absorption and emission maxima measured in water were 635 / 645 nm for dye Sq1 and 654 / 670 nm for Sq2. Addition of 7–8 M urea to aqueous solutions of dyes Sq1 and Sq2 increased their fluorescence intensities by factor of 1.5 and 2.3 while the quantum yield increased by factor of 1.8 and 1.9, respectively. The absorption intensity of Sq1 in the presence of urea had a tendency to decrease while for Sq2 it increased by factor of 1.3. The formation of complexes of dyes Sq1 and Sq2 with BSA as well as the covalent conjugation of Sq1 with BSA caused the red-shift in the absorption and emission maxima and an increase in the quantum yields. Unfolding of BSA molecule resulted in a blue-shift of the absorption and emission bands and a 3-fold decrease in the fluorescence intensity of Sq2–BSA complex. Unfolding of protein in Sq1–BSA conjugate had almost no effect on the position and shape of the absorption and emission bands but decreased the fluorescence intensity by about 20%. At the same time, according to the fourth method the efficiency of FRET from Sq1 conjugated with BSA, to non-conjugated Sq2 exhibited much more pronounced decrease (~10 times) upon BSA unfolding. Thus, the FRET based approach was found to be more sensitive compared to the intensity based methods and therefore can changes in BSA.

Aim. To study testosterone undecanoate effects on some modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in men with metabolic syndrome (MS).Material and methods. Androgen status screening (anthropometry, total and free testosterone level measurement) was performed in 35-75-year-old men with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 50 MS patients, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of testosterone undecanoate was performed, focusing on hypogonadism clinics, erectile function (EF), quality of life (QoL), lipid profile (LP), inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).Results. In men with CVD, clinical and laboratory androgen deficiency was observed in 67,8%, more often in those with visceral obesity. By Week 30 of testosterone treatment, androgen deficiency became less manifested clinically; EF, QoL, and LP also improved. Baseline levels of inflammatory markers pointed to elevated CVD risk. Testosterone undecanoate therapy was associated with significant, 2-fold reduction in CRP concentration, and 1.2-fold decrease in TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels.Conclusion. In men with CVD, hypogonadism was widely prevalent; testosterone level was age-independent in combined pathology. Testosterone level normalization facilitated improvements in LP and QoL. Testosterone undecanoate therapy was safe and well-tolerated.