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Aim – to study the dynamics of respiratory function indicators in patients with bilateral widespread destructive tuberculosis during staged surgeryt using extrapleural pneumolysis with silicone plombage on the side of the smallest lesion. Material and methods. The main study group consisted of 14 patients with widespread bilateral destructive tuberculosis who underwent extrapleural pneumolysis with silicone plombage (EPSP) in combination with lung resection on the opposite side. The control group included 29 patients who underwent lung resections on both sides. All patients underwent spirometry before and 3–5 weeks after each stage of surgery: FVC (forced vital capacity of the lungs) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) were registered. Results. The dynamics of the spirometric study values after staged surgery in the EPSP group was a decrease in FVC by 1.05±0.47, FEV1 by 0.95±0.6 l, and in the control group – by 1.74±0.76 l and 1.33±0.5 l, respectively (p 0.05). Conclusion. The staged surgery with the use of EPSP was accompanied by a significantly smaller decrease in functional parameters and can be used in patients with widespread bilateral destructive tuberculosis with low respiratory function.

Introduction Spastic hemiplegia (a unilateral neurological disorder) is encountered more often in full-term infants. In most cases, the cause of the condition is intrauterine or perinatal stroke. Children with hemiparetic forms maintain cognitive and functional capabilities in combination with the ability to move independently. Among other forms of cerebral palsy, hemiparetic spastic forms range from 10.4 to 15.3 %. Types with mild motor impairments predominate according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System: 87.8 % are level I GMFCS, 7.1 % are level II GMFCS. The purpose of the work was to summarize information on the use of orthopaedic interventions for hemiparetic forms of cerebral palsy, both from the point of view of their planning and completeness of correction of anatomical disorders including lower limb length discrepancy, and assessment of functional results based on gait analysis. Materials and methods The search for publications was carried out in open electronic sources of medical literature PubMed, eLIBRARY, Scopus, Elsevier, Springer, Research Gate with a search depth of 20 years (2002–2022). The following inclusion criteria were used: systematic reviews of the literature, review articles, cohort studies on the topic of multilevel interventions for hemiparetic types of cerebral palsy. Results and discussion Lower limb length discrepancy of 1 cm or more affects the kinematics of the affected and intact contralateral limb. The unaffected limb is characterized by a compensatory flexion in the hip and knee joints and excessive dorsal flexion in the stance phase. On the affected side, the contribution of shortening to the development of pathological kinematics of the pelvis and spine is especially important. There is a high probability of equinus contracture after surgical correction due to unresolved discrepancy in the length of the lower extremities. Methods for correcting length discrepancy are conservative (compensation with shoes), and surgical lengthening of the lower leg, epiphyseodesis of the contralateral limb, shortening of the contralateral limb. There is no opinion in the literature about the preference of this or that method, and on the necessary magnitude of limb length correction. Conclusion The assessment of limb length discrepancy and contribution of this orthopaedic component to systemic movement disorders in spastic hemiparesis is based on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, as well as on computer gait analysis. In the literature, the issue of limb length correction is considered separately from the complex of other orthopaedic interventions, while the features of correction with regard to spontaneous growth potential or after growth completion have not been defined. The advantage of equalizing the limb length in children with temporary epiphyseodesis over distraction osteogenesis is only supposed. There is not enough data on the effect of the limb length correction magnitude in patients with spastic hemiplegia on the parameters of computer gait analysis.

The paper examines the natural frequencies of prismatic thin shells, the cross-section of which is the regular polygon. Spectra of free vibration frequencies of such shells are analyzed as the number of cross-section sides increases, provided that the perimeter is preserved. The relation between fundamental frequencies of the prismatic shells with the regular polygonal cross-section and a circular cylindrical shell is discussed. For a small and large number of polygon sides analytical and asymptotic solutions are compared with numerical solutions obtained by the finite element method (COMSOL). The convergence of the numerical method is studied for the prismatic shell with a large number of facets.

Introduction. The study addresses the effect of nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) on the setting process of cement paste during the first hours of gauging. A brief justification of the research topic relevance is given. It has been noted that the modification of cement materials by nanoscale additives has sparked significant scientific and practical interest in recent years. NFC has emerged as one such additive, and the potential impacts of its incorporation into cement systems are currently under active investigation. The study aims at investigating the effect of NFC on the cement paste setting kinetics during the first hours of gauging. Materials and methods. We present the materials used in the research and their characteristics, in particular, two types of cement characterized by the presence or absence of false setting, as well as cement paste compositions with different NFC consumption (from 0 to 0.24% of dry matter by weight of cement). The technique of measuring conditional viscosity in time with a laboratory rheometer and a special measuring system is described. Results. The results of cement paste tests are presented in the form of setting process diagrams. Discussion. The results obtained and experimental data are given. The complex character of NFC influence on the cement paste setting kinetics has been noted, which depends on the cement quality and additive consumption. For cement without signs of false setting, a decrease in setting onset time was observed when increasing the NFC content. Conversely, increase in the amount of NFC leads to an increase in the setting onset time for cements with signs of false setting. Conclusion. NFC has a noticeable effect on cement paste setting kinetics in the first 3 hours: it accelerates the process when using cement without false setting and slows down the setting when using cement with false setting.

Introduction. Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic with high morbidity and mortality rates. In general, mortality in patients with HF is 10.4% after 30 days from admission, 22% after 1 year, and 42.3% after 5 years, despite the introduction of new evidence-based drug therapy and advance in surgical interventions. There is a range of predictors/ factors that need to be addressed to reduce the risk of mortality and to assess prognosis in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. The aim. To determine the laboratory factors predicting 2-year mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by analysis of basic patient data. Materials and methods. This one-center analysis, conducted at the Ukrainian Children’s Cardiac Center, Clinic for Adults, included 178 patients who had chronic stable coronary artery disease with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, who underwent PCI in the period between January 2020 and January 2022. The endpoint of our study was all-cause mortality. The studied group of patients was divided into two subgroups: S (“survival”) with patients who survived during the observation period after PCI, and D (“death”) including patients who died before the end of this observation period after the PCI. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The mean length of hospital stay was 3 (1-5) days. Total bilirubin, total cholesterol, sodium, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, hemoglobin, albumin and lymphocytes were significantly different in the two subgroups. In the multivariate model, the strongest independent predictors of patient mortality were: elevated NT-proBNP (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for one standard deviation 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32 to 1.57, p

The review focuses on the collective monograph Dreiser’s Path: A View with a Modern Lens (2023). The scholarly work reevaluates Dreiser's significance as a classic of American literature and offers a contemporary perspective on his legacy through the lens of modern methodologies such as critical race theory, postcolonial theory, gender theory, etc. The attention of prominent researchers in American literature and culture from Russia, the USA, Canada, and the UK is drawn to Dreiser's contradictory and hermetic view of society and its artistic projection. The monograph reevaluates Dreiser's creative legacy, considering both major and well-known works as well as minor forms. The researchers featured in the monograph highlight the reasons why certain laws operate in Dreiser's artistic world, align Dreiser's value system with the social norms prevailing during his time, typologize the components of Dreiser's texts, and theorize them using contemporary methodological tools. They also juxtapose Dreiser's texts with other artifacts of American culture and demonstrate the evolution of Dreiser's perception from the times of the USSR to the present day. The monograph was conceived in 2021 as a special tribute to Theodore Dreiser to mark his 150 anniversary.

В статье рассмотрены основные исторические этапы сложения феномена Московской архитектурной школы как трёхвекового наследия единства творческой практики, науки и образования, концентрированно представленного в деятельности нынешнего МАРХИ. Особо выделены мировые достижения школы каждого временного этапа как порождённые влиянием практики, так и оказавшие воздействие на её развитие.

The concept of economic security has received special attention from the Japanese government since 2019: several specialized state agencies have been created, and in May 2022 the Diet approved the Act on Provision of Economic Security. Economic security-related notions have also been included in the new National Security Strategy, published in December 2022. In this document, economic security is defined as protection of ‘Japan’s national interests, such as peace, security, and economic prosperity, by carrying out economic measures.’ It shall be noted that the current understanding of economic security is different from the one previously assumed, which was largely concerned with the provision of natural resources and food. We observe the concrete measures proposed in connection with the concept of economic security and highlight that the new understanding of the concept has been introduced in relation to the ongoing trade war between the U.S. and China, in which Japan supports the U.S. in its efforts against the certain advanced-tech companies from China. From the point of view of the securitization theory, claims that certain industries of the PRC’s economy present a threat to Japan’s security could be seen as ‘speech-acts’ aiming to legitimize the employment of extraordinary political measures. We emphasize that the apparent success of such speech-acts is grounded in the Japanese experts’ assessment that there are emergent technologies with the possibility of dual commercial and military use. In conclusion, we examine the securitization of China’s economy by the Japanese government in its current regional and global context and argue that it could be interpreted both as a signal to the U.S. and as an attempt to gain leverage in the competition between the Japanese and the Chinese infrastructural projects in the Asia-Pacific

Introduction Primary total knee arthroplasty has long been proven effective in the treatment of stage 3–4 knee osteoarthritis. It is well known that this intervention not only improves the quality of life, but also helps to restore the function of the joint and eliminate axial deformities. Purpose To compare early results of total knee arthroplasty using robot-assisted technology with conventional manual technique. Materials and Methods 20 patients diagnosed with stage 3 osteoarthritis of the knee joint and varus deformity of the knee joint axis were included in a prospective randomized study. Patients were divided into 2 representative groups, 10 subjects underwent robot-assisted knee arthroplasty, and the conventional manual technique was used in the other 10 patients. For clinical assessment, functional scales KSS, WOMAC, Lysholm Score were used, postoperative radiographs were evaluated. Results According to clinical functional scales, 10 days after surgery, there was an improvement in performance in the patients of both groups (p < 0.05); the duration of the operation in the patients of both groups did not differ in general; intra-operative blood loss in the group with robot‑assisted arthroplasty was lower; and assessment of postoperative results by radiological imaging showed a better component positioning according to preoperative planning in the robotic group. Discussion When the operation is performed by experienced surgeons, one can expect the correct position of the components and the balance of the ligamentous apparatus in standard arthroplasty. However, the use of robot-assisted technology provides a secure intervention performance even at a hospital where a small number of such operations is performed. Conclusion Despite the high cost and the need for additional consumables, robot-assisted arthroplasty has a number of advantages over classical manual techniques. These advantages include: accurate restoration of the limb axis even in extra-articular deformities, correct position of the endoprosthesis components, reduction of intraoperative blood loss due to closed medullary canals, and safety for patients. However, the role of the surgeon in such operations remains paramount, as it is the surgeon who is responsible for planning the operation, performing it, and achieving soft tissue balance.

Aim. To study the significance of various hematological indices as markers of laboratory inflammatory activity in patients with trophic ulcers of the lower extremities and compare them with similar indices in old patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and methods. The study enrolled 256 patients; 166 patients with trophic ulcers – in the main group, 90 with CAD, but without ul-cers – in the comparison group. The main group consisted of 31.9% men and 68.1% women. The mean age of patients with trophic ulcers reached 80.8±10.1 years (from 61 to 101 years); 30.1% of patients were centenarians. The ratio of the number of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR), neu-trophils to monocytes (NMR), platelets to lymphocytes (PLR), lymphocytes to monocytes (LMR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII –platelet count хNLR) were determined. Results. The mean count of leukocytes in patients with trophic ulcers was 7.1±2.6×109/l, neutrophils – 4.7±2.3×109/l, lymphocytes –1.8±2.2×109/l, monocytes – 0.6±0.3×109/l, platelets – 278.5±110×109/l. The mean values of NLR in the group of patients with ulcers reached 3.6, NMR – 15.4, PLR – 214.1, LMR – 5.9, SII – 1102.3. In patients with trophic ulcers, the count of leukocytes (6.7×109/l and 5.9×109/l; p=0.002), neutrophils (4.2×109/l and 3.7×109/l; р=0.002) and platelets (252×109/l and 205×109/л; p

Digitalization is one of the key modern drivers of influence on the development of the economies of both individual countries and the world economy as a whole. Accordingly, the megatrend of digitalization determines both opportunities and challenges for national economies with the most significant focus on the largest economies of the countries to which the German economy belongs. The aim of the article is to analyze the features of the complex of actions of the part of the Federal Republic of Germany to support digitalization in the traditional sectors of the economy. The article discusses the features of transformation under the influence of digitalization in the traditional sectors of the German economy, which leads to significant changes in the driving forces of the economic model of the Federal Republic. It is noted that the German economy faces a number of short-term challenges, including the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian war. In particular, under the influence of exogenous factors, the inflation rate in Germany increased to 7.9% in 2022 from 3.1% in 2021. These crisis challenges have put a certain strain on various sectors of the German economy, creating new challenges for economic development. It is noted that the Federal Government of Germany applies an integrated approach aimed at stimulating both economic development at the short-term stage and long-term growth, based on investments in renewable energy and digitalization. It is emphasized that this balanced approach within the framework of the public policy has contributed to reducing Germany’s dependence on existing exogenous challenges, also to the active emergence of Germany as a leader in the world economic transformation. The key directions of the public policy of digital transformation of Germany are allocated. In addition, the main challenges of digital transformation for the national economy of the Federal Republic of Germany are emphasized. The proposed research can be useful for specialized scientists and analysts, research centers, authorities of both the State and the local levels, and international organizations. The prospects of this study are seen in the analysis of cases of leading national economies on digital transformation and their adaptation in Germany.

Aim. To study the pathogenetic role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in old patients with trophic ulcers of the lower extremities. Methods. The study enrolled 66 patients suffered from trophic ulcers of the lower extremities. The mean age of study patients reached 77.1±9.1 years (62–97 years). The majority of patients (65.1%) were women. The concentration of IL-6 in the blood (n

Aim. To compare various clinical and laboratory parameters in centenarians and old patients with trophic ulcers of the lower extremities. Materials and methods. 100 patients were enrolled in the cross-sectional study; 45 centenarians with trophic ulcers – in the main group, 55 patients with trophic ulcers younger than 90 years – in the control group. The age of study patients varied from 61 to 101 years, averaging 82.9±10.5 years. The majority of study patients were women (70%). Results. 40% of ulcers in centenarians were venous ulcers, 24.4% – arterial, 20% – mixed ulcers. Centenarians had a smaller number of ulcers (p=0.03), a shorter duration of ulcers (p=0.01), a smaller area and less infection, compared with patients younger than 90 years. Atrial fibrillation was registered in 46.7% of centenarians, while in patients younger than 90 years this arrhythmia was observed in 31.4% of cases (p=0.02). 22.2% of centenarians and 43.4% of patients under 90 years of age suffered from diabetes mellitus (p=0.001). 11.1% of centenarians and 18.9% of patients of old age suffered stroke in the past (p

Зазначено, що для вирішення задачі розробки інформаційної технології планування підвищення рівня зрілості підмножини процесів еталонної моделі зрілості SPICE, попередньо це питання необхідно розглянути на вербальному рівні як технологію (послідовність етапів) реалізації поставленої проблеми. На першому етапі проведено формалізацію структури еталонної моделі SPICE, яка складається з множини окремих процесів. Ця множина представлена як ієрархічна структура: перший рівень – множина процесів і підпроцесів; другий рівень – множина груп процесів; третій рівень – множина категорій процесів. На другому етапі розглянуто метод оцінки рівня можливості окремого процесу/підпроцесу еталонної моделі зрілості SPICE, який наведено з погляду двох вимірів моделі SPICE: призначення процесів; атрибути процесів (вимірні характеристики, необхідні для управління процесом і підвищення можливості його виконання). Третій етап технології присвячено синтезу моделі планування розвитку підмножини процесів моделі SPICE, яка визначає рівень якості окремої складової процесу розробки програмного забезпечення (ПР ПЗ), що в свою чергу позитивно впливає на рівень розробки програмних систем. Оцінка та планування рівня можливості підмножини процесів реалізується на деякому плановому періоді в умовах обмежених ресурсів на основі їх оптимального розподілу з урахуванням важливості окремих процесів та їх практик упродовж планового періоду. На четвертому етапі технології розглядається алгоритм планування розвитку підмножини процесів еталонної моделі зрілості SPICE на основі методу послідовного аналізу варіантів. Це обумовлено в першу чергу тим, що модель оптимізації має адитивну цільову функцію. Метод дозволяє під час його використання відкидати ті допустимі рішення, які не містять оптимальних. У подальшому при конкретизації моделі планується вибрати алгоритм, який відноситься до цього методу і адаптувати його до розв’язання поставленої задачі. П’ятий етап присвячено інформаційній технології реалізації розробленої моделі та алгоритму. На цьому етапі вирішується наступна множина задач. Аналіз бізнес-процесів технології покращення якості ПР ПЗ. Визначення вимог до ПЗ. Формування діаграми варіантів використання. Розробка моделей даних. Обґрунтування вибору інструментарію для розробки ПЗ. Вибір еталонної системної архітектури. Далі кодування і тестування ПЗ. На шостому етапі на основі інформаційної технології формується множина варіантів плану підвищення якості підмножини процесів моделі зрілості SPICE з метою підтримки прийняття рішення керівництвом ІТ-компанії. Для цього попередньо визначається множина ефективних рішень, яка пропонується для визначення остаточного варіанта, який реалізується у подальшому.

The basis for solving almost all geological problems are models, which are a reflection of the structure of deposits. This places high demands on the detail and accuracy of the models. One of the most important parameters in the calculation of reserves is the oil saturation factor, observed in most cases using Dakhnov-Archie models. Despite the widespread use of this technique, it has a number of significant limitations. An alternative way to assess oil saturation in this case is to use a capillary model obtained from the results of capillary measurements of the core. The capillary model is a continuous multidimensional function of the dependence of the water saturation coefficient on the free water level, porosity and permeability. A well-compiled capillary model is a reflection of the geological model of the reservoir – with information about the water saturation of the reservoirs by the altitude of the structure, the levels of fluid contacts, fluid densities, surface and reservoir properties. This paper discusses the capabilities of capillary models, which are widely used in three-dimensional modeling of the degree of saturation of the interwell space, the calculation of the volume of oil-saturated rocks, geological reserves of hydrocarbons, as well as dynamic characteristics in the construction of hydrodynamic models.

Aim. To analyze the relationship of thyroid hormones with various clinical and laboratory parameters in centenarians with coronary artery disease (CAD) based on the determination of the blood concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4). Materials and methods. This work was a cross-sectional study conducted on the basis of the Hospital for War Veterans No. 3. The study enrolled 262 patients [195 (74.4%) women and 67 (25.6%) men] aged 90 to 101 years (mean age 92.9±2.5 years) hospitalized with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (normal 0.27–4.2 μIU/ml), the level of free T4 (12–22 pmol/l) and free T3 (3.1–6.8 pmol/l) in the blood were determined. Results. The mean level of TSH was 3.1±3.1 μIU/ml (0.005–108), free T3 – 3.7±0.65 pmol/l (1.9–5.3), free T4 – 14.1±5.5 pmol/l (4.1–32). In 18.9% of patients, the level of TSH was elevated, in 3.9% it was reduced, in 77.2% of patients it was normal. In patients with increased TSH lower functional activity was noted, assessed using the Barthel index (66.9±23.0 compared to 75.0±16.4 points in patients with normal TSH; p=0.02) and the IADL scale (3.46±2.3 and 4.6±2.0 points, respectively; p=0.006). Direct correlations were registered between free T4 concentration and uric acid (r=0.28; p=0.05), cholesterol (r=0.35; p=0.01), triglycerides (r=0.37; p=0.08), hemoglobin (r=0.23; p=0.07) and Morse fall scale (r=0.34; p=0.05). Significant inverse correlations were established between the blood concentration of free T4 and absolute indicators of bone mineral density in the lumbar spine (r=-0.36; p=0.03), in the proximal left (r=-0.44; p=0.006) and right (r=-0.43; p=0.009) femur. Conclusion. The study results demonstrate the relationship between the concentration of thyroid hormones and various clinical and laboratory parameters in centenarians with coronary heart disease.

Background. The problem of bone defects replacement is relevant nowadays, that is why many scientists create new synthetic bone substitutes, but the ideal material has not been found so far. The aims of the study: 1) to determine the suitability of the monocortical defect model in the rat femur diaphysis with additional prophylactic reinforcement with a bone plate for assessing the biological properties of implanted materials using the commercially available ChronOS material as an example; 2) to assess of the osteoconductive properties of composite materials based on poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with architecture Kelvin and gyroid types on the developed model. Methods. A prospective study, level of evidence II. A monocortical defect of the rat femoral diaphysis (length 7 mm) was produced under anaesthesia in aseptic conditions and fixed with a polyetheretherketone plate and six titanium screws. In the control group, the defect was left empty. In other groups, blocks of one of three materials were implanted сhronOS and composites of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with 3D-printed Kelvin and gyroid architectures. After 3 and 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and histological examination of the defect zone was performed. The amount of newly formed bone tissue was histometricly assessed, followed by statistical processing of the results. Results. All rats have reached the planned endpoint, and there were no infectious complications or loss of fixation. Histological examination of the defect zone revealed minimal bone growth in the Control group, rather slow bone formation in the Gyroid group, and statistically significantly more pronounced bone formation in the pores of the materials in the Kelvin and Chronos groups. Conclusions. Bone defect in this model was not spontaneously filled with bone tissue and allowed us to study the biological properties of bone substitutes (the ability to biodegrade and osteoconductive properties). The osteoconductive properties of a composite material based on poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with a Kelvin architecture are higher than with a gyroid architecture and are comparable to that of the сhronOS.

Background. In the world literature only a few cases of medial ankle reconstruction after its traumatic loss were described. The authors have not found similar cases in the Russian-language literature. The aim of the study is to show a rare clinical case of a patient with a traumatic defect of the medial ankle and to describe the method of its reconstruction. Case presentation. A 52-year-old patient suffered a motorcycle injury resulting in an open fracture of the medial ankle with bone fragment loss. The patient was taken to a medical facility where he underwent primary surgical treatment with wound suturing. Three months later, the reconstruction of the medial ankle with a free iliac crest autograft, medial ankle osteosynthesis and deltoid ligament plasty were carried out at N.N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics. In the postoperative period, immobilization of the ankle joint was performed for 4 weeks followed by the active development of motions and partial weight bearing 8 weeks after the surgery. The AOFAS score 12 months after the reconstruction was 93 points. According to CT scans, complete autograft integration was achieved and no signs of instability of the ankle joint were observed. The patient was satisfied with the performed surgical treatment. Conclusion. The most optimal method of treatment in case of traumatic defect of the medial ankle is its reconstruction with a free iliac crest autograft. This allows us to form a graft of required parameters and shape, minimizing the risk of postoperative complications.

The major algorithms and methods of machine learning are considered. A possibility of machine learning and neural network using for electronic equipment quality prediction is assessed. The paper provides examples of the successful application of these algorithms to improve such quality of electronic components indicators as reliability, resistance to external influencing factors, etc. Before testing electronic components on resistance to external influencing factors it is necessary to identify samples of electronic components by fluoroscopy in order to identify possible heterogeneity in the structure of samples belonging to the same batch. A solution of the electronic components batches uniformity problem using computer vision and clustering algorithms is proposed.

This research purpose is to develop a reduction-based method for analysis of cryptographic properties of block cipher modes of operation in context of full disk encryption (FDE) via provable security technique, to study weaknesses of widely spread among existing FDE solutions mode XTS through building an adversary, that breaks security of XTS, and then to create a variation of the mode, that fixes detected weaknesses. This new mode of operation is called XEH (Xor-Encrypt-Hash) and it uses “light-weight” polynomial permutation for mixing blocks of a sector after their “XTS-like” encryption. The proposed block cipher mode of operation does not require any space for additional data, and it allows us to use it for system disk encryption, unlike DEC mode proposed in the end of 2021 by TC 26. XEH was proved to be secure in a provable security model, which is described in this paper. This mode is compared with the existing ones, which can be used to encrypt block-oriented devices: it was shown, that XEH provides higher security bound, than other compared modes, and involves almost no degradation in performance with respect to XTS.

Introduction Treatment of chronic non-healing wounds in the presence of deep post-traumatic soft tissue defects is a challenge for trauma reconstruction. The objective of the study was to improve healthcare quality for patients with chronic soft tissue defects of the limb. The goals included evaluation of the effectiveness of reconstruction of defects of the lower limb using local transposition perforant flaps, and rationale for a preferred choice for the keystone perforator flap. Material and methods The review included 48 patients with post-traumatic and osteomyelitic soft tissue defects of lower limbs. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients of the study group were treated with regional perforator fasciocutaneous flaps combined with osteonecrectomy that could be also performed later (n = 22). In the comparison group (n = 26), post-traumatic and osteomyelitic defects were treated with conventional methods of local wound treatment, staged osteonecrectomies followed by autodermoplasty. Results The use of the transposition loco-regional perforator flaps resulted in the incidence of secondary necrosis reduced by 33.7% and the two-fold reduction in the average number of staged operations. One-stage reconstruction was performed in 72.7 % patients of the study group. The length of inpatient treatment decreased by an average of 30 bed days. Discussion The reduced length of treatment in the study group could be caused by the absence or a significantly reduced stage of local wound treatment; there were fewer complications in the form of secondary necrosis of deep-lying tissues that would require additional treatment stages. Conclusions Reconstruction of osteomyelitic defects with the transposition of loco-regional perforant flaps allowed lower complication rate and improved functional outcomes for patients with posttraumatic and osteomyelitic defects of soft tissues of lower limbs.

Link for citation: Smirnov P.V., Zhakipbayev B.E., Staroselets D.A., Deryagina O.I., Batalin G.A., Gareev B.I., Vergunov A.V. Diatomites and opoka from Western Kazakhstan deposits: lithogeochemistry, structural and textural parameters, potential of use. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр. 187-201. In Rus. The relevance. In recent decades, individual studies in the Republic of Kazakhstan have been aimed at expanding the potential of using rocks of large and industrial exploitation of silicite deposits for revising their physicochemical, mineralogical parameters, and assessing the prospects for expanding their use in new industries and technologies in the construction and technical industries, materials science based on deep chemical processing of mineral raw materials. The article presents new data on the chemical-mineralogical and structural parameters of diatomites from the Utesai deposit and opoka from the Taskala deposit of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main aim: comprehensive analysis of the chemical-mineral composition and structural and textural features of rocks from two largest deposits of silicon raw materials in the Western part of Kazakhstan – the Utesai diatomite deposit and the Taskala opoka deposit. Objects: diatomites of the Utesai deposit and opoka of the Taskala deposits in the western part of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Methods: field research, lithological and petrographic analysis of thin sections, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis. Results. The studied diatomites and opoka are characterized by a high degree of homogeneity; they are represented by typical phases for silicic rocks of the region – opal-CT, clay minerals with an admixture of quartz and feldspars. From the mineralogical point of view, the most obvious difference between the studied diatomites and the Trans-Urals is the significant content of kaolinite – over 10 %, while in the diatomites of the Trans-Urals, the main clay component is smectite and mixed-layer illite-smectite formations. The rocks under consideration are clayey diatomites and clayey flasks, the total content of basic oxides allows us to characterize raw materials as medium quality, most suitable for the production of foam glass materials, and, in particular, glass fiber, in the production of which alumina is an important functional component. At the same time, the significant content of clay and other impurities does not allow us to recommend such raw materials for the production of filter and sorbing materials.

The article considers facies analysis and the application of its results for the typification of rocks of the Tyumen Formation. The aim of the article is to create algorithms for the differentiated interpretation of geophysical studies of well log data of the Tyumen formation based on a detailed study of the core. Based on core studies, as well as geological, geophysical data and field information on the Tyumen Formation of some deposits in Western Siberia, the main groups of facies were identified, reflecting the hydrodynamic activity of sedimentation conditions: group 1 – high-dynamic conditions, group 2 – transitional conditions, group 3 – low-dynamic conditions. On the basis of this typification, petrophysical models of the deposits of the Tyumen Formation were created: petrophysical functions were built with differentiation by facies zones, boundary values of petrophysical parameters were obtained to identify reservoirs of different sedimentation conditions, algorithms for differentiated interpretation of well log data were proposed, also based on test results and field geophysical survey, differences in field characteristics for different sedimentation conditions were revealed, linear oil reserves were calculated using a new petrophysical model. The development and implementation of an integrated approach to the interpretation of well log data, taking into account the conditions of sedimentation, make it possible to increase the reliability of determining the properties of the reservoirs of the Tyumen Formation, and the efficiency of calculating the oil reserves.

In the article, the main attention is paid to the development of methodological principles of statistical modeling of factors for the formation of employment quality. The necessity of developing a new strategy in the formation of employment quality to ensure effective socioeconomic development of Ukraine is substantiated. The necessary steps and management decisions are determined. The problems of assessing the quality of employment in Ukraine are outlined, the main stage of which is the modeling of factors for the formation of employment quality using modern statistical methods. In order to define the generalized factors of employment quality formation, a model of the main components is constructed, allowing to transform the 18-dimensional sign space into a five-dimensional space of generalized factors that explain 87.6% of the variation in the selected features, which indicates a high level of factorization. Five main factors are identified and ranked according to the degree of importance: the level of informatization of society (contribution – 41.7%), working conditions and the environment (26.3%), informal employment (8.2%), industrial injuries with fatal consequences (6.3%), and the employment rate (5.1%). The computations were carried out using the application package «Statistica», in particular the module «Factor analysis». The use of the developed model makes it possible to prevent subjectivism in determining the main factors in the formation of employment quality. The conducted study provided to substantiate the theoretical-methodological principles of statistical modeling of factors for the formation of employment quality on the basis of the method of the main components. The identified factors can be taken as a basis for the formation of key directions of improvement of the employment sphere in Ukraine.

Currently, the legal framework for protecting natural resources from human assault is being developed at the international level. However, the statistical data on the sentencing of persons convicted on the territory of the Russian Federation under Articles 258 and 258.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in 2020 given in the article indicates: the crimes causing the reduction in the number of animal populations, and as a result, the loss of biodiversity, are challenging to prove; a small number of perpetrators are brought to criminal responsibility; punishment in the form of imprisonment is imposed only in isolated cases. However, using molecular genetic research methods for the biological material of wild animals, it is possible to fill in a significant part of the missing information or obtain new evidentiary information about the circumstances of crimes, including illegal hunting. The application of the DNA barcoding method, developed in the early 2000s, makes it possible to establish the taxonomic affiliation of living organisms when it is impossible to do this by classical methods, for example, if the organism is represented by a micro-number of biological tissues, and is also at the stages of the life cycle (egg, larva, embryo) with an insufficient number of morphological features. Thus, advanced DNA technologies allow us to obtain a considerable amount of previously inaccessible information.The issue of the illegal wild animal trafficking sold as “raised in captivity” is relevant for the pet industry and zoos and has implications both for animal welfare and the preservation of the natural environment. Methods based on the DNA analysis can also be applied for solving problems related to establishing the source of origin of the animal, in some cases – its habitat. The article provides cases from expert practice of ANO “Amur Tiger” when using molecular genetic methods of wild animal analysis allowed solving investigative and judicial tasks.

The article highlights the issues of creating with the necessary accuracy a planned control on the industrial site of the engineering structures under construction using satellite technologies and total stations. Depending on the design features of the engineering structures under construction, as well as the technological scheme for the installation of building constructions and industrial equipment, various schemes for creating such control are considered, based on the application of the inverse linear-angular notch. Errors in the source data are one of the main errors that affect the accuracy of geodetic constructions, including the solution of the inverse linear-angular notch. When creating a geodetic network in several stages, the errors of the initial data of the first stage affect the values of the root-mean-square errors (RMS) of determining the position of the second stage points, the errors of which affect the value of the RMS of the position of the third stage points, etc. The reason for their occurrence is the errors of geodetic measurements that occur at each stage of control creating, as well as the stability violation of the points during the production of excavation, construction and installation works. When determining the coordinates of a separate project point at the stage of its removal in-situ by a total station, the entire network is not equalized in the vast majority of cases, and the coordinates of the starting points to which the total station is oriented are considered error-free. As a result, the RMS determination of the points coordinates of the control network or the removal of the design points of the elements of building structures and equipment will also be considered satisfying the requirements, i.e. the measurement accuracy will be artificially overestimated and will not correspond to the actual one obtained. This is due to the fact that the accumulation of errors in the initial data is not taken into account when the number of steps (stages) of control creating increases. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of measurement errors and initial data when creating a geodetic control on an industrial site by several stages of its construction based on inverse linear-angular notches and a priori estimation of the accuracy of the determined points position.

It is now a well-known fact that interfacial effects play a decisive role in the formation of the properties of polymer composites on the whole and nanocomposites in particular. Therefore, this article investigates the relations between the structure of carbon nanotubes in the polymer matrix of a nanocomposite and the level of interfacial adhesion which is characterisedby dimensionless parameter ba. It was shown that carbon nanotubes form ring-like structures, which are analogous to macromolecular coils of branched polymer chains and represent a specific type of aggregates for nanofillers of this type. Such ring-like structures can be geometrically described either by a full circle (“closed” structures) or by a part of it (arc) (“open” structures). The amplification of the aggregation process of carbon nanotubes characterised by a decrease in the radius of the ring-like structures is accompanied by a decrease in the fractal dimension of their surface compared to the nominal maximum value. When the ring-like structures reach the smallest possible (about 130 nm) radius, their surface is perceived by the polymer matrix as absolutely smooth, i.e. with a dimension of d=2. This determines the transition of the level of interfacial adhesion from nanoadhesion to perfect adhesion by Kerner. The nanoadhesion effect allows significantly improving the properties of polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. The nanoadhesion effect only takes place if the surface of the ring-like structures of nanotubes is fractal. Parameter ba, which characterises the level of interfacial adhesion in polymer nanocomposites, linearly increases with an increase in the fractal dimension of the surface of carbon nanotube aggregates. In this case, the highest attainable nominal dimension of the nanotubes surface, equal to ~ 2.85, is only achieved for “open” ring-like structures. The proposed analytical methods make it possible to predict both interfacial characteristics and the properties of polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites

The number of patients with degenerative joint pathology is steadily increasing. Arthrosis of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (hallux rigidus) is no exception, it occurs in 20-35 % of young and working people who lead a mobile lifestyle and is manifested by a symptom complex, including pain and a significant restriction of the function of the entire lower limb. The leading cause of the pathology development is degenerative-dystrophic changes in the joint, leading to pain syndrome and restriction of movement. Today, there are a large number of treatment options, both conservative and surgical. The choice of a specific surgical intervention from the entire variety of options is a difficult task, it is strictly individual and requires consideration of various clinical manifestations of the disease and a number of other factors. So, if 10 years ago arthrodesis was considered a gold standard for the HR treatment, today most authors recommend organ-sparing treatment, in particular, shortening osteotomies of the metatarsal bone with a possible use of scaffolds for the regeneration of articular cartilage. The article analyzes the main results of the HR surgical treatment presented in the publications of national and foreign specialists. In some cases, our own recommendations on the choice of the method are suggested.

In order to expand and popularize knowledge about the stone decoration of Saint Petersburg, we present new data on the mineralogy and petrography of the famous Thunder-Stone, the parts of which were the basis for the monument to Peter the Great – the legendary “Bronze Horseman”. In the course of studying geological documentation of the monument's granite base, we examined the mineral composition and internal structure of granite, as well as the fragments of a pegmatite vein and veinlets found in it. 25 single-mineral samples were collected from the available micro-scaled shear fractures within the pedestal surface and studied by electron microscopy, electron probe and X-ray phase analysis. It was established that K-Na feldspar in the granite composition was represented by microcline, whereas micas were represented by annite-siderophyllite and muscovite. Accessory minerals included monazite, xenotime, thorite, zircon, rutile, apatite, fluorite, Ti-, Nb-, Ta-bearing minerals, uranium phosphates. The presence of topaz is characteristic of pegmatites. The revealed structural and textural features of four granite boulders in the monument pedestal, as well as mineralogical and chemical composition of their rock-forming and accessory minerals, showed the similarity of this rock to Precambrian biotite-muscovite granites and topaz-containing pegmatites (stockscheiders) of the late formation phase of the Vyborg rapakivi granite massif. The research results are considered as the basis for further geological and mineralogical study of the Thunder-Stone origin and determining the place of its separation from the primary source.

Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelium of the breast tissue. There is no single etiological factor in the development of breast cancer. In 310% of patients with breast cancer, the development of the disease is associated with the presence of mutations in the breast cancer gene (BRCA) 1, BRCA2, CHEK, NBS1, TP53. In other patients, breast cancer is sporadic.

Aim. To analyze diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients, presented with myocardial infarction with nonobstructed coronary arteries (MINOCA). Materials ant methods. 46 consecutives patients presented with myocardial infarction without evidence of obstructive coronary disease on angiography between January, 1 2018 and October 1, 2019 were included in the study. All patients underwent CMR within 10 days after admission. MRI was performed on 1.5 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using comprehensive protocol (T2-images, Cine-CMR, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)). Results. CMR revealed myocardial infarction (MI) pattern in 14 patients (30.4%), myocarditis in 12 (26.1%), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 6 (13.1%). In 14 patients (30.4%) no LGE was observed. Notably in 2 patients without LGE features of takotsubo syndrome were noted. Mean age was significantly lower in patients with MI versus patient with non-ischemic causes of MINOCA (56.112.3 vs 64.612.8; p=0.04). ST elevation at admission frequency didnt differ between MI and non-ischemic patients (35.7% vs 25.0%; p=0.76). However MI patients had significantly increased troponin level, 0.87 [0.22; 1.85] vs 0.22 [0.07; 0.38]; p=0.008. CMR allowed to establish the prcised clinical diagnosis in 73.9% of the cases. Conclusion. Clinical data doesnt allow to differentiate ischemic or non-ischemic causes of MINOCA. However, CMR establish the correct diagnosis in most cases.

Introduction. Premature infants are at risk of developing central nervous system malformations; therefore, increased survival rates among infants with very low birth weight and extremely low birth weight have contributed to the rise in prevalence of neurologic deficit in extremely premature infants.Purpose. To summarize the literature data and demonstrate rare family clinical observations of preterm infants associated with adverse neurological outcomes as a result of exposure to various perinatal factors.Materials and methods. For the literature review, we used data from full-text scientific research from international scientific databases. The influence of ante-, intra-, and postnatal risk factors on the neurological outcome of the disease was studied in two male sibs born at 27 weeks of gestation with a weight of 980 and 970 grams, a body length of 34 and 33 cm, and an Apgar score of 5/7 and 6/7, respectively. The analysis of anamnestic data and results of clinical and laboratory-instrumental examination was performed; the catamnestic observation was 24 adjusted months of life.Results.The presented observations revealed a combination of various ante-, intra-and postnatal risk factors that lead to CNS damage in preterm infants. The obtained results indicate that prematurity and extremely low birth weight are not the only risk factors for neurological disorders, but the burdened neonatal period (congenital sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, lung atelectasis, neonatal convulsions, and 2-degree intraventricular hemorrhage verified by USC/MRI of the brain on both sides) contributed to the formation of neurogolic pathology in the second examined sibs. The results obtained can be considered preliminary, and a larger study is needed.Conclusion.Thus, the obtained results indicate that prematurity, extremely low birth weight and low Apgar score are not the only risk factors for the formation of neurological disorders. A combination of several significant ante-, intra-, and postnatal risk factors is necessary for the development of severe perinatal CNS damage, the formation of adverse neurological outcomes, and severe delay in motor and psycho - speech development in preterm infants. The prognosis of neurological outcome in a preterm baby requires long-term dynamic monitoring and a comprehensive approach using clinical and instrumental diagnostic methods. The results obtained can be considered preliminary, requiring additional more extensive research.

This investigation analyzes the current state of neural networks, considers the available types, optimizers used for training, describes their benefits and disadvantages. The task of computer vision is defined and the answer to the question why the use of neural networks is an important task today is given. The powerful neural network from Google was proposed as an example and its algorithm is described in detail. Studies have shown how to configure models to get high performance.

This work presents the results of single-molecular studies of the effect of magnesium ions on the dynamic characteristics of transcription elongation of bacterial RNA polymerase. It has been shown that the instantaneous and average transcription rates decrease with a decrease in magnesium concentration. The observed dependence occurred due to an increase in the number of short pauses; an explanation of the mechanism of their formation was put forward. To carry out these studies, the method of acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS) was used. This technique served as a basis for the development of a single-molecule procedure for characterizing the transcription parameters. A detailed description of the method and algorithm for processing the measurement results was given.

Modern trends in the global energy market linked to the Sustainable Development Goals often lead to the adoption of political decisions with little basis in fact. Stepping up the development of renewable energy sources is an economically questionable but necessary step in terms of its social and ecological effects. However, subsequent development of hydrogen infrastructure is, at the very least, a dangerous initiative. In connection with mentioned above, an attempt to examine hydrogen by conducting an integral assessment of its characteristics has been made in this article. As a result of the research conducted, the following conclusions concerning the potential of the widespread implementation of hydrogen in the power generation sector have been made: as a chemical element, it harms steel structures, which significantly impedes the selection of suitable materials; its physical and volume characteristics decrease the general efficiency of the energy system compared to similar hydrocarbon solutions; the hydrogen economy does not have the necessary foundation in terms of both physical infrastructure and market regulation mechanisms; the emergence of widely available hydrogen poses a danger for society due to its high combustibility. Following the results of the study, it was concluded that the existing pilot hydrogen projects are positive yet not scalable solutions for the power generation sector due to the lack of available technologies to construct large-scale and geographically distributed infrastructure and adequate international system of industry regulation. Thus, under current conditions, the risks of implementing such projects considerably exceed their potential ecological benefits.

Relevance. Diatomites and their transitional differences formed in the Paleocene–Eocene marine basin are one of the most widespread in the near-surface occurrence of sedimentary rocks in the vast territory of the Trans-Urals. At the same time, with regard to the genetic aspects of such rocks, the discussion on the fundamental sources of silica for formation remains still relevant. An urgent task is to analyze the role of each of two factors in the origin of rocks – continental weathering and upwelling activities. The ratio of Ge to Si can potentially be considered as a tool for deciphering the source of silica in biogenic siliceous rocks, since germanium is delivered to the rock by incorporation into biogenic opal; Ge introduction into the rock from other sources during the diagenesis is not significant, which makes the results indicatively valuable. The main aim is estimation of the chemical weathering intensity at the boundary of the Paleocene and Eocene in the Trans-Urals based on the study of the ratio of Ge and Si in diatomites of different ages. The methods: field studies, X-ray fluorescence analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy. The results. The paper contains the first results of estimation of chemical weathering intensity at the boundary of the Paleocene and Eocene in the Trans-Urals by analyzing the ratios of germanium and silicon in bulk diatomite samples and bioclastic preparations, where clay material was removed. The Ge/Si ratios in bioclastic preparations from the Paleocene (Brusyana section) and Eocene (Irbit deposit) differ almost twofold. The obtained values ​​should be considered as mark that the intensity of chemical weathering undergoes serious changes at this boundary: intensive chemical weathering, strengthening of the hydrological cycle during the PETM period determined an increase in the supply of dissolved silica to the marine basin during the accumulation of biosiliceous rocks in the territory of modern Trans-Urals. The weakening of tectonic movements and land peneplenisation within the East Ural contributed to the weathering intensification. This provided an additional transfer of siliceous matter in the form of true and colloidal solutions to the sedimentation basin for the biosiliceous rocks accumulation. The amount of silica influx from land over a relatively short period of time became more noticeable in the overall balance of silica supplied to the sedimentation basin. For the same reason, i. e. the presence of an additional source of silicic acid, the gross SiO2 content in the Paleocene diatomites is slightly higher than in the Eocene.

The aim of this study was to investigate the physics of interfacial adhesion in polymer/carbon nanotube systems. The studywas carried out on polypropylene/carbon nanotube (nanofi ber) nanocomposites employing fractal analysis. Due to a high degree of anisotropy and low bending stiffness, carbon nanotubes (nanofi bers) form ring-like structures in the polymer matrix of the nanocomposite, which are structural analogue of macromolecular coils of branched polymers. This allowed us to simulate the structure of polymer/carbon nanotube (nanofi ber) nanocomposites as a polymer solution, using the methods of fractal physical chemistry. Using this approach we assume that macromolecular coils are represented by the ring-like structures of carbon nanotubes and the solvent is represented by the polymer matrix. The suggested model can be used to perform structural analysis of the level of interfacial interaction between the polymer matrix and the nanofi ller, i.e. the level of interfacial adhesion. The analysis demonstrated that most contacts between carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix, which determine the adhesion level, take place inside the ring-like structures. The fractal analysis showed that a decrease in the radius of the ring-like structures or their compactization increases the fractal dimension, which makes it diffi cult for the matrix polymer to penetrate into these structures. This results in a decrease in the number of contacts between the polymer and the nanofi ller and a signifi cant reduction of the level of interfacial adhesion. This effect can also be described as the consequence of compactization of the ring-like structures, demonstrated by the increased density. The article shows a direct correlation between the value of interfacial adhesion (dimensionless parameter ba), the number of contacts between the polymer and carbon nanotubes, and the volume of the ring-like structures, accessible for penetration by the polymer. The quantitative analysis demonstrated, that the number of interactions occurring on the surface of ring-like structures of carbon nanotubes (nanofi bers) is only ~ 7–10 %. The suggested model allowed us to determine the correlation between the structure of the nanofi ller in the polymer matrix and the level of interfacial adhesion for this class of nanocomposites. The results of our study can be used to defi ne the structure of carbon nanotubes (nanofi bers) necessary to obtain the highest level of interfacial adhesion.

Background. During the past 20 years, some large international studies have been conducted that evaluated the effectiveness of treatment programs for children with medulloblastoma. At the same time, in the standard risk group, fairly high rates of 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were achieved, which amounted to 85% and 80%, respectively. At the present time some risk-adaptive therapeutic programs are developed according to molecular-biological features of tumor cells and possibility of chemotherapy and craniospinal radiation (CSI) therapy dose reduction. Materials and methods. From 2008 to 2018 fifty one pediatric patients with primary diagnosed medulloblastoma in the age group 318 years were included in trial, 38 in standard risk group, 13 in high risk group (without metastatic disease). Treatment program consisted of surgical removal of the primary tumor site with subsequent chemotherapy (with high-dose cyclophosphamide or thiophosphamide) and radiation therapy (with CSI of 23.4 Gy or 36 Gy, depending on the risk group). In order to detect morphological and molecular biological distinctive features of tumor cells, the following criteria were evaluated: histological variant, molecular subgroup, methyltransferase status by DNMT and MGMT proteins expression, presence of C-MYC/N-MYC gene amplification, Iso17q and TP53 gene mutation. Results. As a result of this study, sufficiently high rates of overall survival and progression/relapse-free survival (PRFS) were achieved in standard and high-risk groups patients, which amounted to 76.08.8% and 83.310.8% with median follow-up 62.96.2 months and 52.27.8 months, respectively. There was revealed patients group in the age 37 years with 100% PRFS and median follow-up 66.98.9 months. At the same time, morphological and molecular biological factors of an unfavorable outcome of the disease were absent in the tumor samples (large cell anaplastic histology, C-MYC/N-MYC gene amplification, Iso17q and TP53 gene mutation). We have also achieved 100% PRFS in patients with desmoplastic tumor histology and in patients, who were treated with thiphosphamide-based chemotherapy regimen. Molecular-biological characteristics analysis of tumor cells showed a negative effect on PRFS of DNMT-positive status (Score 4, by 3 markers) and presence of N-MYC gene amplification (SHH molecular subgroup). Conclusion. There was identified a group of patients aged 3 to 7 years, for whom the possibility for reducing of CSR dose down to 18 Gy opens. Understanding of tumor cells methyltransferase status creates the prerequisites for using of epigenetic demethylating therapy. It is necessary more observations to assess the effect of the chemotherapy regimen with high-dose thiophosphamide on the PRFS.

The results of the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in pediatric patients remain poor. The modern programs of treatment allow achieving long-term survival in only 6570% of patients and the event-free survival rates are lower and make up approximately 55%. The development of protocols for high-intensity therapy, which are based on the block principle, followed by long-term maintenance therapy has led to the significant progress in the treatment of AML. As supportive care has improved, it became possible to escalate the doses of chemotherapy, which contributed to the increase of the treatment effectiveness. So far, doses and drugs administration regimens have approached the tolerated level, which necessitates the research into new therapeutic targets. An investifation of the epigenetic processes underlying leukemogenesis made it possible to identify those targets DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. This review presents the results of the use of epigenetic drugs in the treatment of AML in children. The possibilities of including epigenetic agents in standard polychemotherapy protocols are presented.

The article is aimed at studying the theoretical bases and practical aspects of organization of the staff motivation system in the network of grocery stores «ATB-market». It is defined that in order to improve the system of motivation of the «ATB-market» staff it is necessary to combine the theoretical provisions of substantive and procedural theories of motivation. The substantive theories of motivation are based on human needs, that is, a feeling of lack of what is difficult for a person to live without, or through which a person feels a certain discomfort. The procedural motivational theories analyze how a person distributes its efforts to carry out different tasks and chooses a particular type of behavior. Two research methods were chosen: interviews and questionnaires, which were to provide the most effective information during the study. The purposes of interviewing and questionnairing is to understand the motivation of workers in the food trade; identify strategic ideas to motivate workers; understanding which remuneration systems should be prevalent. It is defined that the high motivation and comprehensive professional development of the staff of the «ATB-market» grocery stores chain is a huge asset. The main factors that attract and support an employee in the organization include: regular pay increases; availability of a commission; recognition from the leadership; contact with experienced managers; good sociability among the staff; high prospects for promotion through the ranks. Analysis of the carried out interviews and questionnaires allows to conclude that the basic needs of a lower level need to be met before one moves on to meeting the higher-level growth needs.

The article deals with the problem of optimal control of a linear dynamic system with periodic parameters. The qualitative theory of such problems is developed very fully if the period of coefficients of the system is not very small. With a small period, there are serious difficulties with integration. Therefore, it is reasonable to supplement the constructive methods of solution with asymptotic ones. The article presents such an approach that the method of averaging is used to construct an auxiliary (basic) problem, estimates of the proximity of solutions to the initial and basic problems are obtained.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to separately defi ne the elasticity modulus of nanocomposites with polydicyclopentadiene/multilayer carbon nanotubes, specifi cally, of the nanofi ller and interfacial regions. To achieve this we used a micromechanical model. Results. According to our estimates, the elasticity modulus of carbon nanotubes, or aggregates, in polymer matrix nanocomposite is approximately two orders of magnitude less than the nominal value of this parameter for one single carbon nanotube, while the elasticity modulus of interfacial regions is approximately two times than the elasticity modulus of the matrix polymer. Our data clearly demonstrates that it’s incorrect to use the nanofi ller’s nominal characteristics, its elasticity modulus in particular, for determining the corresponding characteristics of the nanocomposite. Nevertheless, it’s possible to use the real elasticity modulus values of carbon nanocomposite aggregates when using the general rule of mixtures to determine this value for the nanocomposite with suffi cient accuracy. It’s important to note that the elasticity modulus of carbon nanotubes in an elastomeric matrix is much lower than the elasticity modulus in a vitreous matrix even if it’s the same nanocomposite. This means that the given parameter is determined not only by the size and structure of the nanofi ller aggregates, but also other factors, such as the stiffness of the polymer matrix around the aggregate, the effectiveness with which the polymer matrix transfers mechanical stress to the nanofi ller, and so on. When we used a modifi ed rule of mixtures to determine the elasticity modulus of nanocomposites, we discovered that the so called length effi ciency factor of carbon nanotubes, which is calculated using the modifi ed rule of mixtures, is much (several orders of magnitude) lower than the one proposed theoretically, and that is especially evident in case of nanocomposites with an elastomeric matrix. Conclusion. Thus, we conclude, that the elasticity modulus of nanocomposite components is a strong function of their phase state, and that it’s possible to determine the real characteristics of these components by correctly using the rule of mixtures.

Relevance. Mineral composition of Tavda formation clays has been studied repeatedly. The results obtained in geological reports and few published works are often poorly correlated with each other. Such a contradiction is caused by sampling for technological tests from different areas, which belong to two subformations, which have a number of differences. The age, stratigraphic position, and chemical and mineralogical features of the Tavda formation remain debatable and relevant issues, which requires additional study. A detailed study of the lithology of Tavda formation clays assumes importance in relation to the plans to expand the resource base and the need to re-profile the part of manufacturing capacity for the production of new commercial products. The main aim of the research is precise studies of material composition of the bulk samples from the lower and upper subformations of the Tavda formation Methods: field studies, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, determination of refractoriness, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, lithological and petrographic analysis in thin sections. Results. The paper presents the results of the studies of chemical and mineralogical compositions, features of lithology and microstructure of clay rocks from the Kyshtyrlinskiy site (Tyumen region). Clay rocks have a certain variability of mineral composition: but the clay mica mixed-layer-smectite matrix is constant. In the lower part, the clay rock mass is composed mainly of mica and mixed-layer illite-smectite formations. The upper subformation clays are more closely related to the kaolin-mica-montmorillonite type with admixtures of pyrite, silica, sulfates, carbonates and organic substances. The formation of such mixed-layer masses is probably due to degradation of detrital minerals and the primary clay substrate. The established distribution of rare earth elements indicates significant changes in the redox conditions of the marine basin at various stages of its existence. The studied clay is considered as bentonite-like.

We carried out an analytical structural analysis of interfacial effects and differences in the reinforcing ability of carbon nanotubes for polydicyclopentadiene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites with elastomeric and glassy matrices. In general, it showed that the reinforcing (strengthening) element of the structure of polymer nanocomposites is a combination of the nanofiller and interfacial regions. In the polymer matrix of the nanocomposite, carbon nanotubes form ring-like structures. Their radius depends heavily on the volume content of the nanofiller. Therefore, the structural reinforcing element of polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites can be considered as ring-like formations of carbon nanotubes coated with an interfacial layer. Their structure and properties differ from the characteristics of the bulk polymer matrix. According to this definition, the effective radius of the ring-like formations increases by the thickness of the interfacial layer. In turn, the level of interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix and the nanofiller is uniquely determined by the radius of the specified carbon nanotube formations. For the considered nanocomposites, the elastomeric matrix has a higher degree of reinforcement compared to the glassy matrix, due to the thicker interfacial layer. It was shown that the ring-like nanotube formations could be successfully modelled as a structural analogue of macromolecular coils of branched polymers. This makes it possible to assess the effective (true) level of anisotropy of this nanofiller in the polymer matrix of the nanocomposite. When the nanofiller content is constant, this level, characterised by the aspect ratio of the nanotubes, uniquely determines the degree of reinforcement of the nanocomposites

The article is aimed at studying the international experience and substantiating the feasibility of standardizing the approaches to interaction with stakeholders. It is defined that the introduction in Ukraine of a modern conceptual model for managing interaction with stakeholders requires an unification of approaches to the introduction of the theory of stakeholders in the national management practice and leads to the need of developing and spreading of the metadata system, and above all, standards. The AA1000 AccountAbility series is defined as a standard and framework based on the principles that are used by global businesses, private enterprises, governments, and civil societies. The goal of AA1000AP (2018) is to provide organizations with a practical set of internationally accepted guidelines by which they can assess, manage, improve and communicate their accountability and sustainability. The AccountAbility Principles are: Inclusion, Responsibility, Essentiality, and Influence. A brief description of the basic effective standards of the AA1000 Series is provided. The principles that underlie the practice of applying an approach to attracting stakeholders are specified. It is defined that the process of attracting stakeholders, according to the AA1000SES, includes four stages: planning; preparation; introduction, activity, viewing; improvement. The use of metadata, in particular the standard, is a reliable basis for gaining the competitive advantage of those organizations that together with stakeholders are able to efficiently create added value, improve overall efficiency of the enterprises’ operation and assist the sustainable development of territorial communities.

Purpose. The article is concerned with innovation policy and the list of federal programs supporting research and development, which have operated in the eastern part of Germany since 1990. The author aims to identify the main stages of the innovation policy of Germany after the unification, to determine the directions of innovation policy in these stages, to characterize the features of the adopted programs, their main goals and the implementation period. Methodology. The author used comparative-historical, problem-chronological, systemic and institutional methods. Results. On the basis of domestic and foreign sources, the innovation policy in the new states of Germany in the 1990s was reviewed, and a review of federal R & D support programs was conducted. Increased focus was on support programs for the federal government that were designed specifically for the new federal states. In addition, nationwide programs were studied. It was found that the main goal of the innovation policy was to create conditions for the transition of the states of the former GDR into the all-German innovation policy and the policy of overcoming the economic lag between the old states. Three interrelated stages of innovation policy implementation were identified. In accordance with the objectives of the programs that was adopted by the federal ministry, each of the stages had its own periodization and direction. Practical application. The innovative experience of such an economically leading country like Germany is becoming increasingly important for many countries and regions of the world. In addition, innovation policy in the new states after the unification of Germany arouses interest to countries with the former planned economy, therefore, it is so important to study the innovative experience of Germany in the period of economic transformation, because it is considered as one of the most successful. The results can also be applied in educational and research activities.

Introduction. Each tenth tumor of skin is melanoma. Presence of tumor cells in sentinel lymph node influenced the medical tactics.The objective of the research was to study the metastasis of skin melanoma into the clinically negative regional lymph nodes.Material and methods. Histological, immunohistochemical, cytological and immunocytochemical methods were used to study biopsies of regional lymph nodes in 60 patients with skin melanoma.Results. 5 % of patients were diagnosed with melanoma in situ, 15 % – Т1, 28.3 % – Т2, 23.3 % – Т3, 28.3 % – Т4. At outflow of the lymph through 1 collector, the metastases in sentinel lymph node (SLN) was defined in 51 %, through 2 collectors – in 81.8 % of cases. Tumor cells damaged single lymph node in 35.3 % of cases, two and more lymph nodes in 64.7 % of cases. Metastases in SLN with formation of secondary tumor at the T1 melanoma were observed at 11.1 %, T2 – 5.9 %, T3 – 21.4 %, T4 – 47.1 % of studies. Clusters of cells or isolated cells of melanoma in SLN at Т1 were noted in 22.2 %, at Т2 – in 41.2 %, at Т3 – in 42.9 %, at Т4 – in 35.3 % of cases. At outflow of lymph through 1 collector, metastasises of melanoma in non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) were revealed in 24 %, through 2 collectors – in 44.4 % of cases. Secondary changes of NSLN were noted in 16.7 % of cases of defeat of single SLN, in 31.8 % of cases of defeat of two and more SLN. Metastases of melanoma were revealed in 69.2 % of cases of formation of secondary tumor and in 4.8 % of cases of presence of clusters in SLN in removed NSLN.Conclusion. At increase of Тmelanoma of the skin, the quantity of sentinel lymph nodes with reactive changes decreased, and their number with metastases increased. Metastatic defeat of sentinel lymph nodes at outflow of lymph through 2 lymph collectors in two and more SLN and NSLN exceeded the defeat of SLN at outflow of lymph through 1 lymph collector in single lymph nodes. The use of immunocytochemical method of research allowed to expand pathomorphological verification of metastatic defeat of sentinel lymph nodes by 66.7%.

Introduction Management of infection associated with surgical implants comprise local application of antimicrobial agents. The purpose of the in vivo experimental study was identification of an optimal antimicrobial polymeric composition with hemostatic effect for local wound application and assessment of its influence on clinical and morphological changes in implant-associated infection caused by staphylococcus in rabbit femur. Materials and methods A composition exhibiting minimal bleeding time was identified in the first experiment using six experimental samples with different concentration of tranexamic acid (TXA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) implanted in the soft tissue wound of the rat liver (n = 18). Peri-implant infection caused by staphylococcus was simulated in the rabbit femur in the second experiment. Infected wire was implanted in the intramedullary canal of control animals (n = 9). The wire was steeped in gentamicin-containing sample selected in the first experiment before it was used for experimental animals (n = 9). Histologic assessment of the wire placement site was performed at 14, 21 and 28 days. Results Minimal bleeding time was recorded with the sample containing 25 mg of TXA in 1 mL of 10 % PVP aqueous solution. 8 mg/mL of gentamicin was added to the sample tested. Both groups showed histological signs of inflammation at 14 days of implantation being more evident in controls with fibrinopurulent inflammation and microabscesses. Inflammatory infiltration was more expressed in controls at 21 days and was characterized by a great number of plethoric vessels. A capsule with leucocytes and fibrin clots was observed in the intramedullary canal. Experimental animals exhibited fading signs of inflammation with delicate fibrous tissue and moderate mononuclear infiltration formed. Signs of bone regeneration were detected in both groups at 28 days apart from persistent inflammation being secondary to decompactization. However, bone trabeculae were noted to recover in controls with evident inflammation featuring extensive erythrocyte clusters, necrotic bone fragments, granulated tissue and evident leucocyte infiltration. Conclusion The experimental study allowed identifying PVP and TXA based composition as most effective for hemostasis estimating dynamics in perifocal reactions with the use of gentamicin-containing sample to prevent osteomyelitis in implantation of experimental animals. The findings showed prospectiveness of further research of the polymeric composition with antimicrobial and hemostatic effects.

The paper addresses the role of universities in the generation, use and dissemination of knowledge, analyzes principles and ways to develop science and education at universities. It is emphasized that the University is becoming an active player not only in training, but also in the production of a new knowledge, in its dissemination and implementation through innovation. At the same time, it is necessary to note that the conditions of the Far North impose a unique specificity on the work of the University and its scientific and innovative activities.For Murmansk Arctic State University (MASU), scientific and research work is one of the most dynamically developing components that create development potential. The paper presents the range of MASU’s scientific activities which includes 3 main spheres: natural science, technical science, social science, and Humanities. The authors dwell on the students’ and postgraduates’ scientific activities, consider the youth scientific organizational structure.As a flagship University, MASU is implementing a strategic development project “MASU is Scientific and Technological Hub of the Region” formed with the direct support of the Government of the Murmansk region. Within the framework of the project, an information and analytical platform was created in MASU under the partnership with Kola Science Center RAS (IAP MASU-KSC). This platform is an integrating consulting mechanism including a set of technological, commercial and marketing solutions for the development and implementation of innovative products and technologies in organizations operating in the field of ensuring a comfortable human presence in the Far North.As one of the priority goals of the strategic development of the University, the trajectory of the Arctic scientific and educational center (SEC) creation on the basis of MASU is highlighted. The key areas and ways to improve the efficiency of scientific and educational activities of MASU, as well as the expected results of the SEC are considered.

In the theory of controllability dynamical systems in most cases the control is selected from the class of piecewise continuous functions. But the choise of the control from other classes is interested. In the article we consider the problem of relative controllability of linear systems with many delays in control by the help of differential (dynamical) regulator. The criterions of controllability in terms of parameters initial system and dynamical regulator are obtained.