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Introduction. The cessation of epileptic seizures after surgical treatment of focal epilepsy is the main objective of the surgeon. When a neurosurgeon operates focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), he/she faces difficulties with the radical removal of pathological tissue, which looks similar to healthy one. Using the neuronavigation system may not be helpful because of errors caused by displacement of brain tissues after opening the dura mater and resection of pathological foci. Intraoperative MRI examination requires significant financial expenses. One alternative is the intraoperative ultrasound (US) test, which allows one to visualize areas of pathological tissue in real time.The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of using intraoperative US test.Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 20 cases of pharmacoresistant epilepsy that involved US examination during surgical operation for epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia. In the preoperative period, all patients underwent EEG video monitoring in which at least three seizures were detected. In addition, three patients underwent invasive EEG video monitoring as well as preoperative and postoperative brain MRI. Based on histological verification, the distribution of patients was as follows: Ia type – 1 case (5%); Ib type – 4 cases (20%); Ic type –3 cases (15%); IIa type –3 cases (15%); IIb type – 8 cases (40%); IIIa type – 1 case (5%). Postoperative follow-up continued for 14±10 months (min – 2 months, max – 31 months).Results. Twenty (100%) patients underwent intraoperative US examination where signs of an altered cortex were found in locations similar to those revealed with preoperative MRI scans. Based on the US images, radical resection of pathological tissues was performed in these patients. In 15 (75%) patients, the seizures stopped (Engel class I). According to the US data, FCD had the following characteristics: hyperechogenicity as compared to the brain parenchyma; uneven, fuzzy, irregularly shaped contours; lack of a clear border between the white and gray matter.Conclusion. Intraoperative ultrasound is a safe, inexpensive and effective method for intraoperative imaging of FCD.The authors declare the absence of conflict of interest with respect to this publication. All authors contributed equally to this article.

Purpose of the work was filing the electrophysiological phenomena observed in the process of intra-operative neuromonitoring followed by development of the results’ scale of intra-operative neuro-physiological testing of the pyramidal tract. Materials and мethods. The selection for evaluation included data of 147 protocols of intra-operative neuromonitoring in 135 patients (53 males, 82 females), aged from 1 y. 5 m. to 52 years (14,1±0,7 years) with spinal deformities of different etiology who underwent instrumentation spinal correction followed by fixation of thoracic / thoracolumbar spine segments using various variants of internal systems of trans-pedicular fixation. Intra-operative neuro-monitoring was performed using system «ISIS IOM» (Inomed Medizintechnik GmbH, Germany). The changes of motor evoked potentials were evaluated according to this scale. Results. Five types of pyramidal system reaction to operative invasion were revealed. According to neurophysiological criteria three grades of the risk of neurological disorders development during operative spinal deformity correction and, correspondingly, three levels of anxiety for the surgeon were defined. Conclusion. Intra-operative neurophysiological monitoring is the effective highly technological instrument to prevent neurological disorders in the spinal deformity. Offered rating scale of the risk of neurological complications gives the possibility to highlight three levels of anxiety during operative invasion.

In order to study the specific features of central nervous system reaction to restoration of the cranial vault bone defects by distraction, osteosynthesis method, the electroneuromyographic examination was performed in 28 patients of 16—62 years (average age — 40,1 ± 2,6 years) with pyramidal syndrome in late recovery or residual period, of the disease (severe brain injury cerebral stroke). The main trends in electroneuromyographic indice — "cerebrospinal index" — in patients during the replacement process of post-traumatic or simulated cranial vault bone defects using transosseous distraction osteosynthesis were analyzed. The specific features of the central nervous system responses to surgical treatment, age, etiology, the brain structures initial lesion severity and disease duration were studied. As the results of the research it was established that replacement of defects of calvarium bones by transosseous distraction osteosynthesis in patients with consequences of craniocerebral trauma or stroke had. more intensive positive influence on motor zones of cerebral cortex, that shows itself in increase of effectiveness of motor control, in middle age people, at traumatic etiology of disease, at moderate pyramidal insufficiency and. at remoteness of the disease up to 1 year. Obtained data is expedient to take into account at primary selection of patients for operative treatment.

The aim. of the work was to estimate the degree of intensity of interhemispheric interaction with use of complex neurophysiological (electroneuromyography, electroencephalography) testing of 163 patients of 12—74 years in residual period, of ischemic (n = 108) and hemorrhagic (n = 22) hemispheric stroke and. severe craniocerebral injury with brain contusion (n = 33). Obtained, data testifies to the distinct negative influence of postinsult/ posttraumatic cerebral defect on functional characteristica of counter-lateral ("intact") hemisphere that is reflected in proportional changes of all the spectrum, of analyzed, neurophysiological signs. These changes affects all the tested, modules of neuromotor system, and. can be observed over a long period, after the stroke or craniocerebral injury.

The research aims to study the content of organic matter in typical chernozem, its distribution in the soil profile under herbaceous and wooden phytocenoses. Organic matter plays a key role in the functioning of soils and their stable performance of ecological functions, including – the protection function. This is particularly relevant in the growing urbanization. The research analysis includes 40 full-profile sections of migration-segregated chernozems (typical carbonate) laid on the upland soil of the Rostov agglomeration. We determined organic matter by high-temperature catalytic combustion on a TOC-L CPN Shimadzu in an SSM-5000A solid sample combustion unit. Based on the data obtained, we calculated the organic carbon reserves. Statistical analysis included the calculation of the Mann-Whitney U-test to consider significant differences in the samples of indicators under wooden and herbaceous phytocenoses and descriptive statistics. The research results showed the influence on the organic carbon content of such a widespread type of anthropogenic impact as planting trees in the steppe zone. Comparison of the total organic carbon content values in similar genetic horizons under herbaceous and wooden phytocenoses indicates the spatial heterogeneity of this indicator, associated primarily with the type of land use. The supply of humus for Rostov chernozems under herbaceous phytocenoses was assessed as low and under wooden phytocenoses – as average. In the one-meter layer of natural chernozems of the Rostov agglomeration, humus reserves are 387 t/ha, which corresponds to the average supply level. Thus, the park and recreational zone, where wooden vegetation grows, plays a special ecological role in the city as a place of accumulation of an increased amount of organic matter of natural origin compared to other soils of the Rostov agglomeration.

On the tasks and actions performance of the State program “About the tasks and actions performance of the Nation-wide program for struggle against oncological diseases for the period to 2016”, for the purpose of effectiveness increase of oncologic diseases prevention, early revealing and treatment of oncological patients maintenance, program performance actions in the Poltava region have been developed and approved. It includes activity of oral mucosa diseases diagnostics and treatment centre, created in 2011 on the base of stomatologists post-graduate education department of HSEEU "UMSA". The aim of this work was to increase stomatologists oncological literacy and oncologic alarm in cancer and precancer diseases diagnostics, treatment, prevention at the multidisciplinary concept introduction. On the given theme was carried out cooperation of stomatologists with oncologists, examination was performed on base oncologic dispensary, with use of its laboratories. Materials and methods. For 3 years of centre activity 1695 patients at the age from 18 to 80 years are consulted. Among them women - 993 (58,6%), men - 702 (41,4%). Patients appealed for the help at the age of 21- 35 years - 24,3%, 36-55 years - 56%, 56-80 years - 17,8%, 23% - rural population. From total number of patients in 209 (12,4 %) an oral mucosa and red border precancer diseases were diagnosed. Most often patients appealed on the subject of various forms of leukoplakia (plane, verrucous, erosiveulcerous) - 36,2%. Lichen ruber planus is diagnosed in 32,5% of cases. Fibromas and papillomas are defined in 11,3%, cheilitis Manganotti in 6,6 %, limited hyperkeratosis - in 2,2%. In 19 patients in 1,5% of cases from total number of this group of patients an oral mucosa, language, lips, soft palate cancer is detected. In single cases the erosiveulcerous form of leukoplakia and lichen ruber planus malignization is noted (1,05%). These data form the basis to necessity of conducting with doctors the seminars on oral mucosa diseases diagnostics, office-work in stomatology. In the assumption of the received data analysis of the consulting centre activity, following ways of realization its activity, directed on diagnostics and treatment quality improvement of patients with precancer and cancer diseases, were generated: Information on its activity in dental clinics, dental room in Poltava and Poltava region at the expense of department, academy website usage; Announcements at conferences, seminars; Clinical cases analysis with doctors; Feedback with the attending stomatologist at the case record expert estimation, the consulting conclusion with the research additional methods results, the clinical situation discussion; Assistance in other profiles experts consultations (oncologist, neuropathologist, infectiologist, therapist, allergist, etc.); Firm "Lux-dent" device UFL-122 is offered and introduced for early diagnostics of oral mucosa and red border precancer diseases at light mode G-green with 1% toluidine blue subsequent coloring; On the consulting centre activity materials basis dissertational work is defended, articles are published, reports at conferences, seminars are presented, the information letter is published, the patent for a diagnostics method is taken out; Knowledge increase plans and programs in oncology for stomatologists and family doctors are developed. They are realized at regional, city, district, interdistrict conferences. According to plans the conducting of interdistrict seminars on problems of oncology was scheduled. It included 9 base central regional hospitals with neighboring areas doctors’ involvement.

The paper presents the results of studying the profile distribution of macroelements in Calcic Chernozems park-recreational zones of Rostov agglomeration in the context of conjugated elementary soil-forming processes. Macroelement composition indicates that along with the previously described intensification of two leading elementary soil-forming processes, such as humus formation / humus accumulation and carbonate migration, during the change from herbaceous to woody plant formations there is also intensification of the associated elementary soil-forming process – oglinisation. This is identified by changes in the bulk chemical composition and redistribution of its main components in soil profiles under forest plantations.

Lignosulfonates are the most common commercial lignin-based product due to their unique properties. Various methods are known for modifying lignosulfonates and lignosulfonic acids. This article presents the results of the development of a new approach to the production of nitrosated lignosulfonic acids. The method is based on a reaction catalyzed by cation exchange resins in the H-form: KU-2-8 cation exchanger and wofatite. The influence of reagent consumption and reaction duration on the course of nitrosation has been studied. The dynamics of the proposed nitrosation practically coincides with the dynamics of a similar reaction using sulfuric acid by the known method. The optimal consumption of sodium nitrite equals 15 %, and the optimal consumption of cation exchanger equals 100 % by weight of lignosulfonates. During the nitrosation of lignosulfonates, significant changes in the electronic spectra occur in the region of 280...500 nm. Two overlapping absorption bands appear with maxima at 300 and 330 nm, as well as an intense absorption band at 430 nm, due to nitroso groups conjugated with the aromatic nuclei of phenylpropane units. To analyze the ionization spectra, they have been deconvoluted. The resulting spectra are well approximated by 5 Gaussians with an error of no more than 5 %. Two options for carrying out the nitrosation reaction of lignosulfonates have been proposed: under static and dynamic conditions. It has been established that under dynamic conditions, nitroso derivatives of lignosulfonic acids are formed that do not contain metal cations, and the pH of the resulting solutions does not exceed 1.4. The elemental compositions of the isolated initial and nitrosated lignosulfonic acids have been determined. The nitrogen content of lignosulfonic acids has increased from 0.32 (initial) to 2.17 % (nitrosated). In addition, under dynamic conditions, an additional stage of separating the cation exchanger from the reaction medium by filtration is not required. New bands have appeared in the IR spectrum of nitrosated lignosulfonic acids: at 1540 cm–1, which is due to the presence of nitroso groups, and a wide absorption band at 1700...1715 cm–1, which can be caused by vibrations of the carboxyl group or the quinone monooxime tautomeric form of the guaiacyl structures of lignosulfonic acids.

The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of morbidity of malignant neoplasms of the maxillofacial site for 2019-2021 in Poltava and the region. Object and methods. The object of the study was statistical data on the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the maxillofacial region of the National Cancer Registry of the Poltava Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary in the Poltava region for 2019-2021. Results. A study of the prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa in Poltava and Poltava region was conducted in order to assess the completeness and quality of registration of patients with primary and neglected cases, the number of fatal outcomes before one year and mortality. The types of complex treatment performed were studied. Cases in which patients were denied treatment were analyzed. According to the results of the analysis of morbidity dynamics we revealed that cancer of the oral cavity mucosa and cheek mucosa, alveolar growths, hard and soft palate, floor of the mouth occur most frequently. Lip cancer is 1.3 times less frequent, submandibular salivary gland cancer 1.8 times less frequent, submandibular salivary gland cancer 2 times less frequent. The incidence of malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa has increased by 75.57%. The transmission of these diseases leads to the problem of disablement of patients and causes difficulties in the process of further rehabilitation. The reasons that influenced the abandonment of cancer patients with oncopathology of the maxillofacial region, most often are incomplete dispensary examination of patients, errors in the clinical examination. Due to creation of computer-assisted data system of the National cancer register, monitoring of malignant tumors of maxillae, mandible and facial area become possible as well as updating of data on each patient that is accounted for, treatment that he is being administered and the last date he was clinically examined. All that enables the rational supervision on the patients with pre-malignancies and planning of technical and staff supply of oncology service. Conclusions. Besides, in cases of early diagnosis, it is possible to administer complex treatment with primary modeling of operations that will be ensued by prosthesis installment for adequate patient rehabilitation.

Archaeocyatha Sajanolynthus desideratus, Nochoroicyathus arteintervallum, Sibirecyathus abacanicus, Stapicyathus abakanensis, Leptosocyathellus mirandus, Cyclocyathella jakovlevi, Plicocyathus admirabilis, Sanarkocyathus sp., Annulocyathella lavrenovae, Clathricoscinus vassilievi, Usloncyathus sp. Indet in the limestones of the Lower Cambrian Oldynda Suite (Western Transbaikalia) were discovered for the first time that makes it possible to contribute to the characteristics of the Oldyndinskaya Suite biodiversity, and determine a closer relationship between paleobasins of the margins of the Siberian Platform in the Early Cambrian.

Design Presentation of clinical cases and literature analysis. Material and methods Clinical observation of patients with congenital cervical spine and shoulder girdle anomalies operated on with neuromonitoring was performed. Operative treatment of Sprengel’s deformity was produced with the use of neuroimaging. Results Surgical treatment resulted in good clinical outcomes without neurological adverse events and good aesthetic and radiological appearance at the descended scapula. Discussion Consideration for intraoperative neuromonitoring should be given to prevent neurological complications at lowering the elevated scapula. Conclusion Review of outcomes showed efficacious application of the most valid methods used to descend the scapula with neuromonitoring. This was supported by clinical and radiological findings of the extent of cranial transposition after appropriate correction and absence of neurological adverse events early postsurgery and at a long-term follow-up. No recurrence of scapular dislocation was observed at a long-term follow-up.

The contribution of Prof. P.T. Maksymenko in the development of topical issues of prevention and treatment of major dental diseases was enormous. Particular attention is paid to published manuals on allergology in dentistry, medical pathology, difficulty and errors in the diagnosis of diseases of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

The search for new drugs based on protein/peptide compounds is associated with the development of methods for quality control and standardization of pharmaceutical preparations. The physicochemical properties of solutions of peptides synthesized by the method of dynamic light scattering (DLS) are discussed. The dispersion distribution of peptide molecules in size and the number are described. The results can be used for qualitative evaluation of peptide drug solutions.

Objective. To reveal in a population sample people with joint pain and swelling. Material and methods. A screening questionnaire for revelation arthritis and arthralgia was filled for each adult resident of 18 years or older. Screening examination was performed in country and city samples. Universal examination was performed among country residents, representative sample was formed for city residents. Results. 23438 residents were screened, mean age was 48,1 ±17,6 years. Women were prevalent - 60%. 8016 were city and 15422 - country residents. Joint pain prevalence was 45%, joint swelling - 27%. These symptoms disappeared with time in 7% and 6% respectively. In other people they became chronic. Population prevalence of joint complaints is connected with sex and depends on age. In people younger than 20 years of age prevalence of joint pain was 9% and swelling - 3%. Conclusion. Preliminary analysis of the screening part of the study showed scale of the joint pathology problem and allowed to get the first data on prevalence of arthralgia and arthritis in Russia.