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Relevance. The introduction of Varicella vaccine prophylaxis explains the need to develop a methodology for monitoring the vaccination effectiveness and the intensity of population immunity. This problem can be solved using quantitative immunoassay methods. Aim. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the concentration of class G immunoglobulins (AB) to Varicella zoster virus (VZV) determining and assessing its functional characteristics and diagnostic efficiency. Materials and methods. Recombinant antigen GE VZV. WHO International Standard for Antibodies to VZV W1044. Blood serum samples from healthy people and patients with Chickenpox and Herpes zoster, blood serum samples containing IgG antibodies to herpes simplex viruses of the first and second types, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus. Anti-VZV ELISA (IgG) reagent kit (Euroimmun, Germany). Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunization of animals with recombinant antigen GE, isolation, and purification of specific antibodies. Conjugation of monoclonal antibodies to human IgG with antibodies to antigen GE and with horseradish peroxidase. Results. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in «an indirect» format has been developed to determine the specific antibodies to VZV concentration (IU/ml) in human serum/plasma. An artificial calibrator for determining the concentration of AB-VZV had been synthesized and standardized according to the International WHO-standard W1044. The main functional characteristics of the developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are determined in accordance with GOST 51352-2013. The diagnostic kit was tested on blood serum samples from children with chickenpox (n = 43), adults with Herpes zoster (n = 158), healthy individuals (n = 781). The diagnostic sensitivity of the test system was 85%, the diagnostic specificity was 87% according to the ROC analysis. The absence of cross-reactivity of the test system was shown on samples with serological markers of other herpesvirus infections (n = 94). Comparative trials of the developed test system and its commercial analog, the Anti-VZV ELISA (IgG) reagent kit, did not reveal statistically significant differences between their functional characteristics. Conclusions. The developed test system for determining of the AB-VZV concentration in human serum/plasma in terms of its functional characteristics meets the GOST requirements, is characterized by high diagnostic efficiency, can be used to monitor the effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis and strength of population immunity, as well as to assess the immune response in chickenpox and Herpes zoster.

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of cellular genes FLT4, Nup98, and Nup205 on the reproduction of the influenza A virus in A549 human lung cancer cell line.Methods. The work was carried out using the equipment of the center for collective use of the I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera (Russia). The virus-containing fluid was collected within three days from the moment of transfection and infection and the intensity of viral reproduction was assessed by viral titration and hemagglutination reaction. The viral RNA concentration was determined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To calculate statistically significant differences between groups, the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test was used.Results. In cells treated with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted at FLT4, Nup98, and Nup205 genes, a significant decrease in their expression and indicators of viral reproduction (virus titer, hemagglutinating activity, viral RNA concentration) was observed at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) = 0.1. Additionally, it was found that a decrease in the expression of target genes using siRNA does not lead to a significant decrease in cell survival. The viral titer in cells treated with siRNA FLT4.2, Nup98.1, and Nup205 on the first day was lower by an average of 1.0 lg, and on the second and third days, by 2.2–2.3 lg, compared to cells treated with nonspecific siRNA. During real-time RT-PCR, a significant decrease in the concentration of viral RNA was observed with siRNA Nup98.1 (up to 190 times) and Nup205 (up to 30 times) on the first day, 26 and 29 times on the second day, and 6 and 30 times on the third day, respectively. For FLT4.2 siRNA, the number of viral RNA copies decreased by 23, 18, and 16 times on the first, second, and third days. Similar results were obtained when determining the hemagglutinating activity of the virus. The hemagglutinating activity on the third day most strongly decreased in cells treated with siRNA Nup205 and FLT4.2 (16 times). In cells treated with siRNA FLT4.1, Nup98.1, and Nup98.2, hemagglutinating activity decreased by 8 times.Conclusions. In the present study, three cellular genes (FLT4, Nup98, and Nup205) were identified—the decrease in the expression of which effectively suppresses viral reproduction— and the original siRNA sequences were obtained. The results obtained are important for creating therapeutic and prophylactic medication, whose action is based on the RNA interference mechanism.

Представлена история возникновения физкультурно-спортивного комплекса ГТО и его внедрение в повседневную жизнь граждан России как инструмента популяризации спорта и здорового образа жизни. Также рассмотрены проблемы привлечения молодёжи к активному образу жизни и дальнейшие перспективы внедрения комплекса ГТО в образование. The history of the emergence of the GTO physical culture and sports complex and its use in the daily life of Russian citizens as a tool for promoting sports and a healthy lifestyle. The problems of attracting young people to an active lifestyle and further prospects for the introduction of the GTO complex into education are also considered.

Introduction. Alopecia is a polyetiological disorder characterized by hair loss and reducing their number per unit area. Baldness causes psychological and social discomfort to patients, in connection with what an important task is to develop formulations that are more effective than the reference agents.Aim. Investigate the possibility of applying the original substance Y in several dosage forms for the treatment of alopecia in comparison with reference drugs: minoxidil and burdock oil.Materials and methods. The research subject was the original substance Y, for which several dosage forms were made: gel, alcohol and oil compositions. The study on the effectiveness and safety of the developed formulations was carried out on 9 groups of male C57BL/6 mice. Depilation with further assessment of the percentage of hair follicles in the growth and resting phases was tested as a pre-clinical model of alopecia. In the study of the mechanism of action of substance Y, chemiluminescent assay was performed compared with natural antioxidant quercetin in the system luminol – 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride, in potassium-phosphate buffer medium (pH = 7.4). Statistical processing of the results was carried out using two-way ANOVA using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2, USA software at the level of statistical significance of differences p < 0.05 and p < 0.005.Results and discussion. Based on the results of histological analysis and visual changes, it was found that the effectiveness of the topical forms of substance Y decreases in the following order: gel, alcohol form, oil composition. The use of a combination of the gel base with the test substance Y resulted to the appearance of a larger number of hair follicles in the growth phase than when using the reference preparation – 2 % minoxidil solution (the differences are statistically significant). Chemiluminescent assessment of antioxidant activity showed the lack of antioxidant effect in substance Y.Conclusion. The study combines two pharmaceutical profiles: technological and pharmacological. In the course of the experiments, the prospects of the gel form of the original substance Y for topical therapy of alopecia were shown. In the near future, it is planned to study the mechanism of action of substance Y, as well as registration of patent protection for a new drug.

Introduction. Medicinal plant raw materials are one of the most important sources of herbal remedies used both for the prevention and treatment of a number of diseases [1, 2]. Even with the development of modern science and chemistry, medicinal plant raw materials are widely used in both folk and official medicine. The advantage of medicinal plants is their wide range of biological activity, low toxicity and the possibility of long-term use without significant side effects. Human economic activity has a noticeable negative effect on the condition of wild-growing plants: their stocks are decreasing, and some species disappear altogether. Today, given the high level of development of industry and agriculture, the procurement of raw materials for wild medicinal plants is not always possible. Information on the quantitative assessment of the raw material base of wild medicinal plants in the Middle Urals, the content of biologically active substances in medicinal plant raw materials is partially outdated, which determines the need for their systemic resource study and chemical-pharmacognostic study.Aim. Comprehensive assessment of the state of populations of wild medicinal plants in the Middle Urals.Materials and methods. Determination of stocks of raw materials of the studied species of medicinal plants was carried out on specific thickets according to the generally accepted method. The authenticity of the raw materials was established by a macroscopic method when collecting raw material samples. In the course of the study, samples of medicinal plant materials of 5 types were prepared. The determination and assessment of the main indicators of the good quality of medicinal plant raw materials (the content of active and extractive substances, moisture in the mass upon drying, total ash and ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid) was carried out according to the methods and requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV edition. In the raw materials Artemisiae absinthii herba and Leonuri herba, the amount of extractives was determined by the gravimetric method. The quantitative assessment of the content of essential oil in the samples of Origani vulgaris herba and Tanaceti vulgaris flores was carried out by the method of hydrodistillation. To determine the quantitative content of the sum of flavonoids in Hyperici herba, Artemisiae absinthii herba, Leonuri herba and the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in Tanaceti vulgaris flores, a spectrophotometric method was used.Results and discussion. In the course of resource and phytochemical studies of representatives of the medicinal flora of the Middle Urals, a comprehensive assessment of the state of populations of wild medicinal plants – sources of medicinal plant raw materials (Origani vulgaris herba, Hyperici herba, Tanaceti vulgaris flores, Artemisiae absinthii herba and Leonuri herba) was carried out. The results are included in the electronic inventory of wild medicinal plants of the Middle Urals.Conclusion. The conducted complex of studies will allow updating information about the medicinal flora of the Middle Urals in order to use raw materials for the creation of medicines.

The paper considers results for strongly doped turned to a single domain state crystals LiNbO3:Mg (5,03 mol % MgO and LiNbO3:Mg (4,75 mol % MgO). Magnesium concentration in these crystals is close to each other and to threshold ≈5 mol % MgO. Crystals were grown from a charge synthesized using precursor LiNbO3:Mg (homogeneous doping method) and from a charge obtained at a direct addition of magnesium to the charge (direct doping method). Complex studies were carried out by Raman spectroscopy and laser conoscopy. Compositional homogeneity and some optical properties of studied crystals are considered. Homogeneous doping with precursor Nb2O5:Mg method allows us to obtain heavily doped LiNbO3:Mg single crystals with low coercive field and more compositionally homogeneous than method of direct melt doping with magnesium. In this case, a more uniform distribution of the dopant in homogeneously doped crystals begins to form at the stage of Nb2O5:Mg precursor synthesis during the formation of chemically active complexes that predominantly determine the oxygen-octahedral structure of the Nb2O5:Mg precursor.

Purpose of the study. To study the results of relapse-free and overall survival during organ- preserving and oncoplastic surgeries in patients with breast cancer.Materials and methods. A prospective clinical study of 84 patients was carried out in the mammology department on the basis of GBUZ NSO "GKB № 1". The first group of patients (40 patients) underwent OPR with ALAE - oncoplastic resection of the mammary gland with axillary lymphadenectomy. The second group (44 patients) WSR with ALAE - wide sector resection of the mammary gland with axillary lymphadenectomy.During the study, the patients were comparable in age, stage (TNM), histological type, and morphogenetic data. The survival rate was studied by the number of local relapses and distant metastases, using laboratory and instrumental studies. The quality of life was assessed on the basis of anamnestic data (Karnofsky index, ECOG scale).Results. In the first group of patients, disease-free and overall survival rate was 97.5 %. At the same time, a local recurrence was found in a patient with a triple negative tumor type, distant metastases to the lungs in a patient with a HER2/neu-positive type. In the second group, relapse-free survival was 95.4 %, overall - 97.7 %. Relapses in two patients with HER2/neu-positive type, metastases to the lungs in a patient with triple negative type.Conclusion. Relapse-free survival rates are 2.1 % higher in group I patients who underwent oncoplastic resection with axillary lymphadenectomy. And the indicators of overall survival in patients of both groups do not differ relatively.

Introduction. Conical scanning is applied for optimizing hardware resources in new devices, as well as when upgrading existing systems. All this explains the relevance of studying this type of direction finding systems.Aim. To adjust and complement the known calculation relations for the variance of direction finding results – an indicator of the quality (accuracy) of direction finding, as well as to determine the possibilities of optimizing direction finding and automatic object tracking processes.Materials and methods. Factors limiting the accuracy of direction finding via conical scanning were analyzed using spectral analysis. Mathematical modeling followed by statistical processing of quantitative results makes it possible to determine the conditions under which the influence of certain factors is predominant, as well as the conditions under which adjustment (completion) of the known calculation relations is required. The specified conditions are the errors at which the objects of direction finding are tracked. New calculation relations for the mentioned adjustment were determined by the methods of statistical radio engineering.Results. The validity of the calculation relations found is confirmed by mathematical modeling. Calculations and modeling lead to the need to optimize parameters for automatic object tracking systems.Conclusion. The study shows that, when choosing parameters for auto-tracking systems with conical scanning, it is important to implement object tracking not with minimal, but rather with optimized tracking errors in angular coordinates, which are to be estimated during direction finding. Moreover, the optimized errors (the values of static errors and the most probable values of the dynamic tracking errors) will require adjustment of the known analytical estimates for the variance of the direction finding results – the qualitative indicator of the direction finder (accuracy indicator). The determined analytical relationships allow such an adjustment to be performed, leading to an increased variance estimate by 10 dB.

The paper deals with the development of a new scientific subject, the axiology of mass media, which is, on the one hand, a practical discipline of philosophical theory of values, and on the other, a natural continuation of the recently developed axiology of journalism. The last one explores journalism as a source and retranslator of social values in all their subject and semantic diversity, and journalism itself as a social value, researching the principles and ways of assimilating of socio-cultural values by journalists, and the effectiveness and methods of their representation in the audience of media. The need to deepen the theory of value analysis of the media and to broaden the scope of study is caused by growing demands from society for understanding and evaluating the processes taking place in the modern media environment, which at present are not limited to the functioning of either traditional media or Internet publications. First, media processes have gained a certain and significant expansion due to the active invasion of the information space by the so-called “mass person”, the intensification of the presence in this space of former media figures – politicians, scientists, cultural figures, etc., the arrival of new ones – bloggers, regular authors of communities, etc. The content of the media environment got expanded – texts, music, videos, games; the number of media platforms increased – messengers, telegram channels, video hosting; the problem of interaction with artificial intelligence emerged. Second, it was due to the technological revolution in the information environment of society which has become digital and, thus, in its development has acquired a new quality. The value analysis of facts, phenomena and processes of digital media communications is one of the most important methods of satisfying society’s demands for new knowledge. Thus, the construction of mass media axiology is objectively predetermined. Consideration of the preconditions for the formation of a new scientific discipline is the subject of this study. The research is based on the study of philosophical discourse on axiology, as well as relevant publications by practitioners-journalists in their professional media.

Bronchial obstructive syndrome is a violation of bronchial patency of functional or organic origin, which is manifested by shortness of breath, suffocation attacks, cough, tachycardia. The most common cause of bronchial obstructive syndrome is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. In some cases, the cause of bronchial obstruction is tumors or tumor metastases to the lungs. The article describes a clinical case of bronchial obstructive syndrome, showing that all patients with bronchial asthma, in the absence of an effect from the prescribed adequate basic therapy, with no control over the disease, should be well examined for an alternative diagnosis. In our case, a thorough examination of the patient allowed the allergist to diagnose central lung cancer with metastases to the lymph nodes of the mediastinum. A feature of the case is the primary resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, revealed during a genetic study, which determined the scheme of further polychemotherapy. This clinical case proves the need for differential diagnosis, with a comprehensive approach and the use of various examination methods.

Purpose: to conduct a preliminary analysis of the safety and effectiveness of hifu-therapy with a lowenergy hifu-2001 device (shenzhen Huikang Medical apparatus Co., ltd) performed concurrently with chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients who are not suitable for surgery or chemoradiotherapy.Material and Method. The study included 24 pancreatic cancer patients who were treated at the Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research institute in the period from 2016 to 2019. There were 17 (71 %) women and 7 (29 %) men. The percentage of patients in the elderly group was 79 %. Stage iia pancreatic cancer was diagnosed in 3 (12.5 %) patients, stage ii in 5 (21 %) patients, stage iii in 9 (37.5 %) patients, and stage iv in 7 (29 %) patients. All patients received combination therapy, including systemic chemotherapy and hifu-therapy. Results. The most frequent adverse events of treatment were skin burns (n=6), with third-degree burns occurring in 2 (8.3 %) patients. Local sclerosis of subcutaneous adipose tissue was observed in 4 (17 %) patients; development of asymptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts in the area of hifu exposure was observed in 1 (4 %) patient. Pain control was achieved in 17 (85 %) patients, and local tumor control was achieved in 19 (79.2 %) patients. The follow-up time ranged from 5 to 30 months with a median time of 14.5 months. The median total life expectancy of patients was 16 months, and the median time to progression was 9 months. The overall 6-month survival rate was 100 %. The 1- and 1.5-year survival rates were 75.0 % and 41.7 %, respectively. The 2-year survival rate was 17.2 %. The 6-month and 1-year disease-free survival rates were 62.5 % and 12.5 %, respectively. Conclusion. The short- and long-term outcomes were consistent with those described in other studies, which indicated that a combination of systemic drug therapy and hifu-therapy is an appropriate approach for the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in oncohematological patients and hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients (HSCT). But at the same time, fungal infections are less than 2 % of the causes of liver abscesses in patients without onco-hematological diseases. Doctors from hospitals with onco-hematology departments encounter this more often and know the typical picture of fungal liver abscesses, but for others doctors, who do not have sufficient experience, this finding may not seem like something familiar. This is why knowing the typical patterns of fungal liver disease is so important. We have studied the typical patterns of abscesses in patients with hematological oncology and present a clinical case of patient D, 48 years old. Differential diagnosis of the etiological agent of the abscess is difficult, but in some cases the picture is specific: in the described case, the multiplicity and small size of the foci made it possible at an early stage to effectively identify the fungal nature of the disease and begin the right treatment.

The review provides an analysis of the current rabies epidemic situation in the Russian Federation and describes the dynamics of epizootic indicators, such as the epizootic index and infection density. The risk of rabies infection and the characteristics of the epizootic process in various regions of the country were studied. In 2012–2018 in comparison with 2000–2011, a 1.5–fold decrease in the activity of the epizootic process was noted, despite the expansion of the virus areal. The decrease in human hydrophobia morbidity in reference to the long-term average of 3–5 times was revealed. An increase in the value of the dog, cat and raccoon dog in human infection and a decrease of the fox role in this process have been established. The risk of rabies infection remained in almost all regions of the country. During 2012–2018 safe regions were the Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Irkutsk, Sakhalin, Kamchatka Territory. In the Kaliningrad Region, animal cases have stopped since 2013 due to the successful use of oral vaccination of wild predators as an effective method of combating natural foci of rabies. In 2019, 3 lethal cases of lissavirus infection were recorded: two after bat bites in the Amur Region and Primorsky Territory, and one in the Moscow Region imported from Tajikistan after a dog bite. Typical cases of rabies in Russia associated with terrestrial mammals were not detected in 2019.

The significance of the paper is predefined by the qualitative shifts in the information environment of society, characterized by the fluidity of the media. Social and technological changes in the Internet have had a crucial impact on the media audience’s perception of cultural artefacts. A decisive and ongoing factor has been the change in the functions of the audience, which is increasingly being transformed into an actor of information relations in society. In particular, there is a radical rearrangement of the actors in the subject-object relationship in media propaganda. In the media environment, the linear flow of time gives way to a chaotic flow that violates possible cause-effect relations; the values of artefacts of the past and present “stop having a certain propaganda impact on the audience, rather they themselves are “irradiated” by the propaganda intensions of the audience. Thus, the practices of symbolic domination implemented in the media environment acquire new forms and new social content. The empirical basis of the research was the findings of focus groups comparing the socio-philosophical meaning of movies from different eras (1968, 2015) and different countries (the USSR, the USA), with the same events as the basis of the movies. The meaning of the current problem predetermined the reference to the works of philosophers, political scientists, sociologists, theorists of journalism (Z. Bauman, I. Hoffman, S. Dudnik, D. Dubrovsky, S. Ilchenko, T. Eriksen, etc.). Methodology of focus groups, supplemented by the highlighting of semantic counterpoints of the discussions, their grouping and further inclusion in the context of the discussion to record the respondents’ reflection on the generalizing conclusions was used; content analysis of the transcripts of focus groups was conducted. The materials of the paper may be of interest to culturologists, political scientists and theorists of journalism. Keywords: fluidity of media, mediatization, artefact, propaganda, symbolic dominance, reflection

A series of lithium niobate crystals doped with terbium was grown. Processes of crystallization and concentration dependences of structural characteristics were studied in ( LiNbO3:Tb ([Tb] = 0,1 — 2,89 wt. %) crystals. Comparative studies of the photorefractive properties of crystals LiNbO3:Tb of various chemical composition are carried out. A concentration threshold was determined in LiNbO3:Tb crystals near [Tb] ~ 2,2 – 2,3 wt. %. Anomalies of physic-chemical, optical and structural characteristics are observed in this area.

It is shown that the B3+ element is able to incorporate into the facets of oxygen tetrahedra of LiNbO3 crystal structure ( [BO3]3- group) in a trace amounts ( ≈10^(-4) wt. %). In this case, boron noticeably distorts the anion sublattice of the crystal, changing the lengths of the bonds, increasing the ordering of structural units of the cation sublattice. At the same time, boron changes the polarizability of the oxygen-octahedral MeO6 clusters ( Me — Li, Nb ) which determines the ferroelectric and nonlinear optical properties of the crystal.

Background. The surgical treatment of the coronary heart disease (acute coronary syndrome) in patients undergoing program hemodialysis has its own characteristics, which are not fully reflected in the cardiological recommendations. In particular, coronary artery bypass grafting is preferable to stenting, the drug of choice among p2y12 platelet receptor blockers is clopidogrel, with the infeasibility of rosuvastatin prescription. All these points are often ignored by treating doctors from the cardiology team when choosing the optimal treatment strategy for patients in this group. Description of the clinical case. The article presents a case of treating acute coronary syndrome in a patient undergoing program hemodialysis. The problems of coronary revascularization and the drug therapy in this category of patients are discussed, and the ways to solve them are shown by the example of this clinical case. Conclusion. In special cases, such as acute coronary syndrome in patients with chronic renal failure who are on program hemodialysis, the endovascular treatment strategy should be considered only if the specifics of the prescribed pharmacotherapy are taken into account.

Aim. The paper justifies from the transport and logistics standpoints the choice of locations of solid municipal waste management system facilities on the materials of the Primorsky krai (within the framework of the creation of the territorial scheme of waste management). Methodology. Use is made of the data (information) on the technical and economic parameters of the road network of the region, as well as information about the places and volumes of solid municipal waste generation, places of their sorting, processing and burial. Results. A promising scheme of transportation of solid municipal waste on the territory of the Primorsky krai at the municipal level is scientifically substantiated and developed. For the Primorsky krai it is proposed to allocate five technological zones, taking into account the perspective role and value of the transport factor. Rail and maritime transport are recommended for hard-to-reach areas. The average range of waste transportation within the region will decrease in the future to 37 kilometers. The southern part of the Primorsky krai will remain in the future the most problematic area in terms of the organization of the solid municipal waste management system. This is due to the concentration of significant amounts of industrial production in the southern part of the region and a slight decrease in the specific formation of solid municipal waste in the future. Research Implications. The result of the work was used in 2018 in the territorial scheme of waste management in the Primorsky krai and in the development of relevant regulatory and legal acts at the regional level. The obtained result justifies the need to change the places of collection, recycling and recycling of waste in the territory of the Primorsky krai taking into account the transport factor.

Objective:To evaluate the historical long-term forecast of the spatial spread of rabies in Siberia and Far East and to characterize modern approaches to spatial forecasting. The concept of spatial spread of rabies in the Asian part of Russia, developed in the 80s of the twentieth century, is subjected to critical analysis based on information on rabies registration for 1881–1980 and zoogeographic data. At that time, 5 rabies enzootic regions were identified, and the most probable directions of further exportation of infection suggested. At first, a review of published data on human and animal rabies cases for the period of 1985–2019 was undertaken (including reference publications). Data on cases of rabies among humans and animals were selected for which geographical coordinates could be determined. Mapping was performed using GIS (QGIS 3.12.0 software and “Natural Earth” and “OpenStreetMap” electronic maps). Comparison of maps for different time periods demonstrated that rabies incidence was recorded mainly within the previously identified risk areas. However, the occurrence of human disease in different regions did not always correspond to the intensity of epizootics and the predicted risk. Next, in an attempt to correct the prognosis of the spatiotemporal rabies spread, we reviewed publications that incorporated virus genetic data along with GIS technology and modeling application. The distribution of the three major rabies virus lineages (“steppe”, “Arctiс-like”, “Arctic”) corresponded to the regions that were previously identified. The spread of fox rabies (the “steppe” rabies virus lineage) in the north-east direction was described. In several instances, rabies outbreaks in southern Siberia and Far East were associated with cross-border movement of the virus from Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. Data on the speed of the epizootic waves, pathways, and natural barriers for virus spread are discussed. The correction of the forecast for rabies virus circulation and spread is important for the development of control strategies in the region, including oral vaccination of wildlife virus reservoirs.

In the period from 2012 to 2015 on Kalym winter wheat variety plants there were carried out field tests of the liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336g and BZR 517 strains isolated from natural sources that exhibit antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and are also able to have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. Pre-sowing seed treatment and two preventive treatments during the growing season of the plants were carried out with the liquid culture of the strains. Comparison variants - treatment with water (control), with chemical (Raxil, KS; Alto Super, KS) and with biological (Fitosporin-M, L) standards. Biological efficacy against the complex of fusarium root rots was noted in the shooting stage of winter wheat and during ripening, and in some years reached 22.8 % for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 17.2 % for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. In variants with presowing seed treatment and treatment of vegetative winter wheat plants with B. subtilis BZR 336g strain for three years of field trials the yield was from 5.0 to 7.4 t / ha, and when treated with B. subtilis BZR 517 strain - from 4.2 to 7.6 t / ha. The maximum additional yield was obtained in 2013 - a reliable yield increase was 1.6 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 0.8 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. The ability of liquid cultures of the studied strains to protect winter wheat against harmful diseases at the same level and above the biological and chemical standards will help to expand the range of microbial biological products in the segment of the Russian market of environmentally friendly plant protection products.

The paper contains the analysis results of the influence of geometric and setup parameters of the plow working tools on agrotechnical indicators and traction resistance of a plow. ( Research purpose ) To determine the agrotechnical indicators of tillage quality depending on the type of a plow moldboard and determine the optimal moldboard for loamy soils. ( Materials and methods ) Agrotechnical indicators included crumbling, soil layer turnover, and the incorporation (embedding) degree of plant residues. More intensive lumpiness is observed as the content of clay particles increases. The angle of plow body setup relative to the furrow walls is changed using the middle bolts securing the plow body rack of the frame and installing additional washers on one of the two remaining bolted joints. For experiments on the influence of the inclination angle of the plow-bottom surface relative to the furrow wall, the plow bodies were located at angles of 30 to 55 degrees. ( Results and discussion ) It has been established that at angles of 30-35 degrees, the diameter of clods increases to values exceeding the permissible norm by 10-20 percent. An increase in the angle of more than 45 degrees reduced the diameter of clods to 10-30 millimeters. With an increase in angle to 50-55 degrees, shearing chips changed into shifting chips. The authors determined traction resistance of plows with various types of moldboards and identified the results of analytical calculations and experimental data in field trials using a dynamometer. Traction resistance of the plow decreases as cylinder moldboards are substituted with screw (auger-type) ones. ( Conclusions ) It has been determined that as the angle of plow body setup relative to the furrow walls increases, the size of soil fragments decrease, and shearing chips change into shifting chips. It has been proved that general-purpose and half-screw moldboards demonstrate the best agrotechnical indicators on loamy soils

Background. Effective antithrombotic therapy is a necessary condition for maintaining the patency of the infarct-dependent coronary artery during a primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Aim. To compare the safety of ticagrelor use in patients with STEMI after ineffective thrombolytic treatment (TLT) and successfully performed recanalization of infarct-dependent artery (IDA) by PCI, withticagrelor loading dose administered in the time window from TLT to PCI, in comparison with the TREAT study results on the risk of bleeding in the real clinical practice. Methods. A comparative analysis of the results of a 30-day follow-up of 52 patients with acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation who received a thrombolytic therapy with alteplasa and early ticagrelor administration with the ticagrelor group in the TREAT study on the parameters of hemorrhagic safety. Results. Arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, generalized atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a history of myocardial infarction were significantly more common in the study group. The analysis of the results revealed no significant differences between the groups in the frequency and risk of hemorrhagic complications. Conclusion. There are no significant differences in the frequency of major bleeding according to the TIMI and BARC criteria between the groups, which indicates the safety of early (within 24 hours after thrombolysis) ticagrelor use in the pharmacoinvasive approach in the real clinical practice.

Currently, information about the epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of coronavirus infection affected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is constantly updated and updated. The most common clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are fever, symptoms of intoxication, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, chest congestion, decreased sense of smell and taste, less often — abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and others. For the current period, there are data from clinical observations describing skin lesions in the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection. One of the first descriptions of skin manifestations in COVID-19 was published by the Italian dermatologist Recalcati S. (2020), who provided data on possible types of skin lesions as a variant of the manifestation of a new COVID-19 coronavirus infection. This paper presents the confirmed cases COVID-19 infection with skin lesions, from the practice of specialists of mobile teams of emergency medical care state budgetary institution «Station of emergency medical care to them. A.S. Puchkov» in Moscow, at survey of the patients at disease onset. In the initial period of the disease, when examining patients, various morphological elements were observed: papulo-vesicular, papulo-squamous, erythematous, urticary, and others, their localization was also different. Whether the described changes on the skin are associated with direct exposure to the pathogen COVID-19 or are a manifestation of secondary pathogenetic factors (infectious-allergic, allergic, toxic, etc.) is not currently known. Further accumulation of clinical observations of skin manifestations in this disease is necessary in order to analyze and evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value.

Until now, it has been considered that infectivity of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is closely related to target cell, and newly formed virus is not released into the culture medium. It is also known that it is hard to grow VZV in cell cultures, due to its slow replication rate and a limited range of sensitive cell cultures. In addition, VZV isolation depends on type of cell culture used, nature of clinical material, presence of viable virus and transport time. Objectives. To study production of infectious extracellular VZV in various cell cultures. Materials and methods. Eight cell cultures were used, including human embryonic diploid lung cells and human embryonic dermomuscular tissue (KM-27), as well as continuous human and monkey cell lines. Crusts detached from vesicular lesions were used as clinical isolates, which were placed into cryo-vials added with transport medium and transferred in liquid nitrogen. VZV infectivity was assessed in cell cultures by using hemo-adsorption assay with erythrocyte suspension isolated from guinea pig or human zero group blood and confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence with polyclonal sera from varicella or herpes zoster convalescents. Results. There were examined 27 clinical samples consisting of crusts from vesicular lesions isolated from patients with chickenpox, as well as one sample from 63-year old patient with exacerbated recurrent herpes zoster. Primary infection with clinical isolates was performed on diploid human lung embryo cells (HLEC) at low temperature. It was found that clinical samples collected within day 1–18 inclusive after the onset of skin eruption were able to induce cytopathic effects in HLEC cell monolayer such as cytolysis around dermal crusts. Specificity of cytopathic effect was confirmed by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Viral antigens were prepared on 7 cell lines infected with the laboratory strain Ellen VZV (USA) to assess the immune sera. A high anti-VZV specificity of mouse sera was detected by ELISA while all the lysates of infected cell lines were used as the solid-phase sorbent. In experiments on VZV reproduction demonstrated that extracellular virus was released into the culture medium starting from day 1 after infection of target cells, and infectivity of the virus-containing fluid ascends during further cultivation.

A prospective randomized controlled clinical study included 80 women aged 54.9 ± 8 years, who underwent radical surgery for breast cancer and had late postmastectomy lymphedema (II–IV degree). No evidence of erysipelas was observed for the last 3 months. Material and methods. The severity of lymphedema and treatment outcomes were assessed using water plethysmography in relative units (in %). Changes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness were measured by ultrasound. To assess the severity of liposuction complications, the Clavien–Dindo classification was used. Three homogeneous groups of patients were treated. In Group 1 (n=30), conservative methods (intermittent pneumatic compression of the arm, electrostimulation of skeletal muscles, magnetic therapy, massage, therapeutic exercises, compression bandaging) were performed in the preoperative period; in group 2 (n=30) – in the late postoperative period of liposuction; in group 3 (n=20) liposuction was followed by compression bandaging. Results. The average volume excess in the edematous upper extremity significantly decreased, being 84.2 ± 10.0 % in group1 patients, 87.8 ± 9.3 % in group 2 and 72.2 ± 9.6 % in group 3 (p

The results of surgical treatment of 79 patients with invasive bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy with continent urinary diversion (ileal neobladder) between 1997 and 2005 were analyzed. The incidence of early and late complications was 12.7 and 15.5%, respectively; postoperative mortality was 2.5%. The reservoir volume was 250—300, 400—450, and 500—600 ml 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Spontaneous urination and day time continence was restored in 100%; partial nocturnal incontinence was noted in 11.7% of the patients. In the vast majority of cases, renal function was not impaired or improved. Thus, radical cystectomy with bladder substitution with low-pressure ileal reservoirs with anti-reflux ureteric implantation is the method of choice in treating invasive bladder cancer.

Research relevance. One of the main causes of high accidents and outages in distributed power supply systems of 6(10) kV oil well clusters is damage to overhead power lines due to single-phase ground faults. Widely conducted researches to determine the location of a single-phase ground fault have established a correlation between the determination accuracy and a large number of changing factors, such as operating mode parameters, overhead power line parameters, damage type, transition resistance, soil resistance, and taking their average values, regardless of changing climatic conditions. Rationing of technical means for determining the location of a single-phase ground fault according to instrumental errors without taking into account the methodological component defines the error in determining the location of the damage, reaching 30 %. Thus, the relevant research is aimed at determining the primary parameters of transmission lines and minimizing the methodological error in defining the location of damage to transmission lines considering climatic factors. The main aim of the research is to improve the accuracy of determining the location of a single-phase ground fault of a 6 (10) kV transmission line with developing a methodology that takes into account the influence of climatic factors. Research methods. The basic physical processes of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a power line are taken into account. The main principles of the theory of electrical circuits and the electromagnetic field are used; MATLAB Simulink package algorithms. Research results. The authors have developed the algorithm that allows determining the distance from 6(10)/0,4 kV substations to the point of single-phase ground fault occurrence in distribution networks of oil well clusters taking into account climatic factors. A simulation model of a 10 kV distribution network supplying oil well clusters considering the dependence of the primary transmission line parameters on climatic factors and soil resistivity, was developed in MATLAB Simulink.

The aim of this study was to evaluate production of cytokines by the blood immune cells in patients of different age groups with invasive non-specified type mammary ductal carcinoma, with or without metastases. Production of cytokines by periphery blood immunocompetent cells, either spontaneous and stimulated with polyclonal activators, was assessed in 82 patients with invasive mammary ductal carcinoma. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, IL-1p, IL-1ra, TNFa, IFNy, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF и MCP-1 were determined by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients were divided into 2 age groups: the first group consisted of 48 patients from 45 to 60 years old; the second group consisted of 34 older patients (61 to 75 years old). Metastases in local lymph nodes were documented in twenty patients from the first group and nine patients from the second group. The younger patients (45-60 years old) with metastases in local lymph nodes showed higher polyclonal activation index of IL-4 and IL-1ra production, when compared to the patients without lymphatic metastases. As for the older patients (61 to 75 years old), their polyclonal activation index of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1ra, G-CFS, GM-CSF production was significantly lower in cases of local lymph nodes metastases. The latter was due to higher level of spontaneous production, which suppressed the influence of polyclonal activators. The index of polyclonal activation upon production of cytokines in patients with lymphatic metastases was shown to be significantly higher for the age group of 45 to 60 years than in the age group of 61 to 75 years old. This fact suggested a highly stimulating effect of polyclonal activators in patients younger than 60 years. It was found that correlation between the index of polyclonal activation of cytokine production, and the indexes of ER, PR, HER2/NEU and Ki-67 receptor expression, which are used for the determination of molecular genetic subtype of the tumor, differ significantly for the distinct age groups.

Comparative researches were carried out for lithium niobate crystals with congruent and stoichiometric composition with a different genesis. It was shown that it is possible to obtain LiNbO3 crystals close in composition to stoichiometric, grown from a congruent melt with the addition of a 6.0 wt.% K2O flux. Such crystals are far superior to optical uniformity and photoelectric parameters of congruent crystals.

In the framework of the semiclassical atomistic model, clusterization processes in a lithium niobate crystal LiNbO3 were investigated. Computer modeling of the energy-equilibrium cluster of a lithium niobate crystal LiNbO3 based on oxygen octahedrons has shown that random throwing of ions to the center of the octahedron is more energy-efficient, and a cluster with a congruent Li / Nb ratio is optimal in energy for any casting method and model cluster size .

The paper presents a clinical case of a 38-year-old woman who had an anomalous confluence of the right pulmonary vein, both into the inferior vena cava and into the left atrium, which corresponds to be the "scimitar" syndrome. The abnormal pulmonary vein made several bends before draining into the left atrium, which is described in foreign literature as a "meandering pulmonary vein". To clarify the diagnosis, a CT scan of the chest with bolus contrast enhancement and a deep analysis of literature sources were performed.

Aim. To test a hypothesis of hypoperfusion-induced white matter changes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib) and to present statistics to compute sample size for the upcoming studies.Material and methods. We included 30 inpatients with AFib and investigated them with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with standard sequencies and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). DTI data were analyzed with conventional ROI analysis in the Olea Sphere software and with watershed areas (WSA) mask in the FSL toolbox after nonlinear transformation of images to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. Wilcoxon test was used to compare diffusion characteristics across subgroups.Results. Median age of participants was 73 years (69-78), 18 (60%) patients had moderate signs of small vessel disease with Fazekas score of one. Twenty-one patients had paroxysmal AFib. Analysis of WSA revealed decreased white matter integrity in the parieto-occipital cortical WSA with a pattern of significantly increased mean diffusivity (p=0,039), and marginally significant decrease in fractional anisotropy (p=0,056). Rank-based effect size across areas under comparison was either small (0,2) or negligible, and with statistical power in the range of 0,05-1.Conclusion. Atrial fibrillation could have pathophysiologically feasible mechanism to affect white matter integrity in the watershed areas.

Relevance. One of the main causes of high accident rate and outages in distributed power supply systems of 6–10 kV oil fields are overvoltages due to lightning effects. The overwhelming number of lightning outages in distribution networks of 6–10 kV, associated with overvoltages, is caused by insufficient level of impulse durability of linear insulation, which leads to the insulator overlap and later to de-energizing of oilfield consumers. To ensure the required lightning resistance of the distributed power supply system for oil fields, various methods are used to install protection devices: non-linear surge arresters, arresters of various types. In this case, the protection devices change the electrical characteristics of the distribution network, which affects the characteristics of transitional processing lightning effects. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the effect of the most frequently used protective devices on overvoltage in a distributed power supply system for oil fields during lightning effects. The main aim of the research is to estimate the impact of protection devices on overvoltage levels in electric networks of 6 (10) kV of an oil and gas extraction enterprise during lightning effects. Methods. The authors have estimated the influence of protection devices on overvoltage levels by analyzing the transitional process and frequency characteristics for a part of the power supply system on a lightning effect using the algorithms of the Linear Analysis Tools in MATLAB Simulink. Results. The authors determined the dependence of overvoltage level on the type of protective devices and obtained the frequency and time characteristics of the input overvoltage of the consumers, which should be known when choosing protection devices. The dependence of the resonance frequencies on the installed spark gaps is determined. The authors developed in the MATLAB Simulink the simulation model of a typical part of a distributed power supply system of an oil and gas extraction enterprise in Western Siberia, including a non-linear surge arrester, arrester and lightning impulse. The activities to protect oil fields consumers from impulse overvoltages were proposed.

Background. According to the novel approach to the treatment of patients as persons, the phenomenon of palliation distinguishes modern medicine from the traditional medical paternalism. it means that medical science and practice go beyond physical health, when treatment methods aimed to improving the quality of patient’ life are widely used. man as a phenomenon of culture becomes something much more than his physical body.The purpose of the study was to analyze the palliative care legislation.Results. The palliative care was shown not to be a type of medical care, but it refers to the terms used in clinical practice to determine the purposes of specialized treatment aimed at not curing the disease, but rather extending life and controlling symptoms. conclusion. it is necessary to include patients’ relatives and friends to the number of people in need of medical care. The development of the federal state educational standard of higher education in the specialty of a palliative care physician is also of great importance.

The article discusses the nature and history of the development of intersectoral balance models, the specifics of their construction, questions the feasibility of expanding the practice of applying the balance sheet liability method and reflect the advantages of its use in the context of development of regional socio-economic systems. Despite the fact that the region is an independent separate system, it is economically connected with the external environment, the structure of its production is influenced from the outside by commodity and financial flows and prices in the markets of goods and services. These interrelations have quantitative and qualitative characteristics, to quantitative it is possible to refer branch volumes of the made and consumed resources, to qualitative-their interindustry proportions. The basis for the purpose of trade is the cost of production, which varies by industry specialization of the regions within the framework of the combined interregional and international division of labor, which formed the value chain. As an example, given the cost factors in the production of food processing industry of the Vologda region compared to the national average, the conclusion is made about the availability of measurable quantitative differences between them.

The beginning of children’s school education is a potential risk of morphofunctional and psycho-physiological disorders in the body because of the significant reduction in daily physical activity, the change in day regimen, emotional and intellectual stress, which are often inadequate for the age-related psycho-physiological capabilities of schoolchildren. In this paper, we analyzed the literature on the development of modern children of primary school age according to the results of the assessment of morphological, functional and mental indicators. The identification of a general trend in the development of primary school-aged children is necessary for determination and development of health-saving programs to implement in the system of modern education. A review of data on the development of younger school children over the past 20 years shows an increase in the number of children with digressions in physical development, deterioration in physical fitness, delay of biological age from actual age, stress of the cardiovascular system, decrease in lung capacity and muscle strength. This pattern is manifested regardless of the region of residence and the nationality of children. There is an increase in the number of children with learning difficulties. Among the reasons for these changes, researchers highlight the complexity of the educational program, physical inactivity, the delay of physical development and, at the same time, medical and social successes of the state, allowing preserving the life of newborns even with somatic and neurological abnormalities. In connection with the identified trend of development of modern primary school children, the measures are needed to optimize children’s learning activities by the following criteria: level of physical activity, intensity of intellectual loads, rest mode.