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Introduction. Remote sensing and monitoring of the sea surface are of great importance in such fields, as operational oceanography, environmental monitoring, etc. The ability to quickly assess the state of the sea surface is particularly relevant in areas that pose a danger to shipping, where rapid and accurate response becomes critical. Modern radars represent information as digital image series largely reminiscent to a frame series in a video stream, thus enabling the use of gradient methods originally designed for and proven successful in video analysis.Aim. Determination of sea wave characteristics from radar images using gradient motion estimation methods. The use of gradient methods will allow implementing additional tools for processing radar image series obtained from sea backscatter.Materials and methods. To assess the characteristics of the sea surface from radar images, gradient methods were used. To train the methods, a series of synthetic images of the sea surface obtained by mathematical modeling were used. To evaluate the effectiveness of the gradient methods, two representative experimental radar image series provided by the Institute of Oceanography RAS were employed.Results. Using gradient methods, the direction and speed of waves were calculated from several consecutive radar observations. Regression models of the dependence of calculated values on the specified ones were constructed. The Farneback and TV-L1 methods proved to be effective especially for obtaining the direction of the sea waves.Conclusion. An algorithm for evaluating speed and direction of the sea surface displacement using gradient methods was pre-trained using simulated model data. The implemented methods and algorithms for assessing the speed and direction of sea waves were validated using two experimental image series obtained from shipborne navigational radars.

Introduction. The existing CAD tools of electrodynamic modeling used to analyze complex waveguide structures of the microwave range employ the finite element method. However, in the terahertz range, determining the channeling properties of layered dielectric waveguides becomes a difficult task. This is primarily related to the construction of a partition grid of the layered structure and the need to take into account the behavior of the electromagnetic field at the boundaries of media with different relative permittivity. In this work, we use the principles of the finite element method to solve the problem of finding a propagation constant in a flat multilayer dielectric waveguide, and show how to reduce the number of elements when setting optimal boundary conditions. Based on the obtained computational model, the possibility of constructing diffraction antennas operating in the THz range is considered.Aim. Construction of a computational model for calculating a flat dielectric waveguide by the finite element method, determination of the dispersion characteristics of the analyzed structure in the THz range. Discussion of the possibility of constructing a diffraction antenna on a dielectric structure in various designs.Materials and methods. A computational mathematical model for the analysis of a complex layered structure is based on Maxwell's equations and the finite element method using boundary conditions for tangential and normal components of the electromagnetic field.Results. A numerical analysis of the dispersion characteristics of structures with complex dielectric filling is carried out; variants of diffraction antennas for use in the THz range are considered.Conclusion. The created mathematical models made it possible to numerically evaluate the channeling properties of dielectric structures in the THz range, on the basis of which diffraction antennas can be constructed.

The article touches upon the problem of influence of extreme geomagnetic activity on geophysical research and operations in the northern regions. The paper gives brief information about the nature and localization of the extreme geomagnetic disturbances, and considers how geomagnetic disturbances affect geophysical operations in the auroral oval zone. On the example of the geomagnetic storm that occurred on October 29–30, 2003, it is shown how the magnetic field components and magnetic declination change within one magnetic observatory. It is shown how the values of magnetic declination deviation from the norm change on the example of the stations located in latitudes 78.92°–58.26°

Natural killer cells (NK cells) are a population of innate immune lymphocytes capable of cytolysis of infected or transformed cells without prior sensitization. Natural killers are detected in various organs and tissues and may differ in phenotypic and functional characteristics depending on localization. For example, NK cells are the dominant population (up to 70%) of decidual lymphocytes in early pregnancy. NK cells are able to contact with trophoblast cells, exert cytotoxicity towards them, as well as regulate their invasion, contributing to spiral arteries remodeling and establishment of physiological blood flow between mother and fetus. The contribution of impaired NK cell functional activity to immune mechanisms of the reproductive disorders is widely discussed. Various drugs are used to treat infertility, including intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Increased rates of embryo implantation and higher frequency of successful gestation have been shown after treatment with these drugs. The effect of these drugs on NK cells phenotype and functional activity is assumed, thus requiring further studies on the effects of IVIG and G-CSF on the receptor profile of NK cells. The aim of this work was to evaluate expression of cytotoxic receptors on the NK-92 cells in presence of IVIG and recombinant G-CSF preparations. NK-92 cells were used as effectors, and trophoblast-derived JEG-3 line served as target population. The cells were co-cultured in presence of drugs, as well as without them. Expression of CD45, CD56, CD215, KIR2DL3, KIR2DS4, NKG2D, NKp44, NKp30 receptors by NK-92 cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. The number of NK-92 cells expressing NKG2D, NKp30, KIR2DL3 receptors and the expression intensity of NKG2D and NKp30 receptors were reduced in presence of IVIG preparations. The numbers of KIR2DL3+ and NKp44+ NK cells were reduced when supplied with G-CSF and trophoblast cells. The obtained results may be associated with both direct and indirect effects of the studied drugs on the NK cell phenotype.

A significant part of the compressor fleet in Russia consists of foreign-made centrifugal and screw compressors, which, with operating time and depreciation, require repair according to regulations or modernization due to changed technological operating conditions. The supply of spare parts needed for repairs has become more complicated due to the rise in cost or lack of logistics. This leads to the problem of maintaining the compressor equipment in working order or its downtime. The manufacture of spare parts is problematic due to the lack of design documentation from operating organizations. The offer of reverse engineering services for spare parts and compressor assemblies by specialists of JSC «NIIturbocompressor n. a. V. B. Shnepp» makes it possible to improve and solve the problem of maintaining the effective condition of foreign equipment. At the same time, the article describes the problems that arise during reverse engineering of rotors of centrifugal and screw compressors, the spatial profile of impellers and fluid film bearings. The main points contributing to the successful completion of reverse engineering tasks are indicated, the accuracy of 3D scanning is determined, and methods for setting nominal dimensions and deviation tolerances are presented.

Abstract. The canonical task of regression analysis consists in studying the problem of estimation and mathematical description of the influence caused by one or more independent variables (predictors, explanatory variables) on the dependent (explained) variable. The subject of comparator identification problem is a specific modification of the standard regression analysis problem in the case when, for some reason, it is not possible to measure values of the dependent, explained variable. However, the problem of reconstructing a regression polynomial can be solved if it is possible to qualitatively compare the results of experiments and rank them, for example, in the order of increasing. Taking into account the results of ranking the values of the explained variable in different experiments, a corresponding system of inequalities is formed. The purpose of the research consists in developing a method for mathematical processing of the resulting system of inequalities for analytical assessment of the level of influence of explanatory variables on the explained variable. The method for solving the problem is based on transforming a system of inequalities into a system of linear algebraic equations. A significant drawback of the known approach to solving this problem consists in the fact that the resulting system of linear algebraic equations is an underdetermined one (the number of unknowns in this system exceeds the number of equations). At the same time, the system has an infinite number of solutions, among which there may be an uncontrollable number of unacceptable ones. The exhaustive search method for finding acceptable solutions is futile. In this regard, the problem of developing a correct method of comparator identification remains relevant. Another difficulty that accompanies the actual procedure of comparator identification when solving practical problems consists in the fact that measurements of values of the controlled parameters are not accurate. The uncertainty that arises in the conditions of a small sample of initial data can be removed using the tools of fuzzy mathematics. It is assumed that, based on preliminary research, a mathematical description of the corresponding membership function can be obtained for each of the controlled parameters. As a result, effective approaches to solving emerging problems have been proposed, based on the use of developed optimization procedures in the conditions of a small sample of fuzzy initial data.

Introduction. Modern computer simulation tools can be used to analyze complex waveguide structures channeling electromagnetic energy. In order to verify the obtained calculation results, they should be compared with a known "exact" value followed by calibration of the considered electrodynamic model. The desired value can be found using the method of Fourier transform, which allows the propagation constant in a regular rectangular waveguide with partial filling with a dielectric to be determined and its channeling properties in various wavelength ranges to be evaluated. Aim. Construction of a computational model for calculating a regular waveguide with an arbitrary arrangement of the dielectric on the cross section by the Fourier method, determination of the dispersion characteristics of the analyzed structures in the millimeter wavelength range.Materials and methods. A mathematical model for the analysis of a waveguide with partial dielectric filling is based on Maxwell’s equations using boundary conditions for tangential and normal components of the electromagnetic field.Results. A numerical analysis of the dispersion characteristics of structures with complex dielectric filling was carried out. A methodological approach to constructing a computational model for searching for the propagation constant in a rectangular waveguide with an arbitrary arrangement of dielectric filling is proposed. This approach can serve as the basis for analyzing layered dielectric structures with a complex cross-sectional shape and different values of relative permittivity.Conclusion. The developed mathematical models made it possible to numerically evaluate the channeling properties of waveguides with dielectric filling in the microwave range.

In GPR (georadar) studies, one of the most popular procedures for determining electromagnetic waves propagation velocity in a rock mass is the selection of theoretical hyperbolic time-distance curves and subsequent comparison with the time-distance curve obtained from a GPR measurement. This procedure is based on the model of homogeneous medium, but nowadays the subject of GPR study is often inhomogeneous media, such as horizontally layered media characteristic of loose permafrost zone sediments. The paper presents the findings of studying the formation of hyperbolic time-distance curves of georadar impulses in a horizontally layered medium without taking into account the dispersion and absorption of electromagnetic waves. On the basis of geometrical optics laws, formulas were derived to calculate the shape of the hyperbolic lineup of georadar impulses reflected from a local feature in a multilayer frozen rock mass. On the example of a permafrost zone rock mass containing a layer of unfrozen rocks, the effect of the thicknesses of rock layers and their relative dielectric permittivity on the apparent dielectric permittivity resulting from the calculation of the theoretical hyperbolic time-distance curve was shown. The conditions under which it is impossible to determine the presence of a layer of unfrozen rocks from a hyperbolic time-distance curve are also presented. The established regularities were tested on synthetic georadar radargrams calculated in the gprMax software program. The findings of the theoretical studies were confirmed by the comparison with the results of the analysis of the georadar measurements computer simulation data in the gprMax system (the relative error was less than 0.5%).

Introduction. The main issue in processing satellite measurements remains the struggle with their interference, especially intensive in rugged terrain, cities, atmospheric disturbances and artificial interference. Use of satellite navigation in recent years shows that such conditions undermine traditional satellite signal processing methods based on the least squares method or its modifications. These algorithms are unable to provide the required accuracy of spatial orientation for mobile robotic systems operating under intensive disturbances of various physical nature. This requires new algorithms for processing stochastic information more efficient than the least squares method, in particular, based on the theory of nonlinear stochastic filtration. The main challenge in this case is the synthesis of equations of motion of robotic complexes invariant to its type and random conditions of the environment of its functioning. At the same time, as practice shows, the vast majority of complexes move along programme trajectories that allow for analytical description of their motion parameters, which creates prerequisites for solving the problem of synthesis of these equations.Materials and methods. This paper proposes a navigation algorithm for robotic systems moving along a given trajectory under random perturbing factors. The algorithm is based on the combination of nonlinear stochastic filtering methods for estimating the state of dynamic systems operating under disturbances with non-traditional algorithms for processing satellite measurements and electronic map data.Results. For an environmental monitoring robot system, the authors modelled the motion in the plane of the local meridian from an initial point with longitude 30° and latitude 45°. The paper analyses the accuracy of the developed algorithm by estimating the trajectory of the robotic system using two classes of satellite navigation systems: medium and low precision.Discussion and conclusion. The results of the numerical experiment together with the above-mentioned advantages of the proposed method allow us to consider its effective practical application for positioning of mobile robotic systems.

The article analyzes resilience factors of tight oil and gas production in the USA. The US is the only country in the world that currently produces shale hydrocarbons on a commercial scale, though other petroleum states try to emulate their success in this sphere. The American shale revolution became possible due to a massive application of hydrofracking in combination with horizontal drilling to produce tight oil and gas. Therefore, the mighty technological potential of the American petroleum sector became the key success factor of the US shale revolution. However, technological breakthroughs are necessary, but not sufficient for ensuring a stable development of the shale industry. Of particular importance is the institutional framework of the US shale sector that is characterized by an efficient system of subsurface use, a powerful financial and industrial base, a long-term strategy of the state support for R&D, a reasonable fiscal policy, a transparent regulation, as well as a competitive and diversified structure of the shale sector. This unique combination of factors will be extremely difficult to replicate in other countries. When constructing long-term scenarios of oil and gas production, the US Energy Information Administration proceeds from the key assumptions of resource availability and rates of improving production technologies. The analysis of the shale phenomenon permits to conclude that these two factors are interconnected – the continuous technological progress of the sector ensures the enhanced oil and gas recovery ratio. As a result, the production growth is accompanied by the growth of resource availability. The limits to this trend are not visible yet, and, therefore, it means that the upside potential of shale production is not exhausted.

Aim. To systematize data on the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the adult population of Russia. Materials and methods. The search for studies was conducted in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and RSCI (Russian Science Citation Index) from January 2000 to December 2022. The review included relevant publications in peer-reviewed periodicals in English or Russian, publications with data from cross-sectional epidemiological studies assessing the prevalence of GERD in the Russian population, studies on adult patients with GERD, and publications with detailed descriptive statistics that allow using the data in the meta-analysis. Results. The final analysis included 6 studies involving 34,192 subjects. The overall prevalence of GERD (prevalence of heartburn ± regurgitation once a week or more frequently) in the analyzed studies was 25.605% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.913–34.147). The analysis used a random effect model, as there was significant heterogeneity between the results in both groups (I2=99.63%; p0.0001). The overall mean age of GERD patients in the study population was 48.14 (95% CI 32.25–4.03) years. The prevalence of GERD in the male population was 23.653% (95% CI 13.351–35.832) and 25.457% (95% CI 17.094–34.849) in females. Conclusion. This meta-analysis demonstrated that GERD is a common esophageal disease in the Russian population, affecting approximately one in four country residents.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing importance and complexity of horizontal public relations in socio-political processes, an increase in the number of practices of grassroots civic activity at the regional and local levels, including the use of new information and communication technologies. The purpose of the article is to identify the causes of initiation, the specifics of the organization and practical implementation of grassroots civic activity, as well as the specifics of the interaction of its key actors in modern socio-political conditions in the Yaroslavl region. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the study is 21 practices of grassroots civic engagement in the Yaroslavl region, the analysis of which was carried out by the case-study method with elements of comparative analysis. The case-study method made it possible to study these practices of grassroots civic engagement in their complexity and integrity, and also identified their key characteristics and factors influencing them. Results. A comparison of the main practices of grassroots civic engagement that have taken place in the Yaroslavl region in recent years has been made. The main mechanisms and subjects of grassroots civic engagement, processes of interaction between actors are identified. The role of information and communication technologies in the organization of grassroots civic engagement was determined. The problems of grassroots civic engagement organization and interaction of its key actors were also outlined. Discussion and Сonclusion. The study revealed the key characteristics of grassroots civic activity: significant actors, theirs goals, motives, resources and methods of action, features of media coverage and the use of information and communication technologies. The results of the study will be useful for improving the efficiency of the work of local authorities with various formal and informal organizations and associations of citizens. They will help to build work with these groups, taking into account the identified features in the implementation of practices of grassroots civil initiatives in the Yaroslavl region.

In modern society, more and more students show an avoidance of participation in public and political life. This phenomenon causes serious concern and deserves attention from society. Modern students may feel helpless in the face of the complexity of political processes and their impact on everyday life. They may believe that their participation will not change anything and will not bring meaningful results. Such pessimism and alienation from politics form a negative image of a student who does not show interest in public affairs and leads to the choice of an evasion strategy, that is, avoidance and non-participation in socio-political processes. In this regard, the article analyzes the factors influencing the choice of an evasion strategy, identifies possible tactics and suggests ways to involve students in the socio-political sphere. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes, tactics and consequences of the use of evasion among students in the socio-political sphere, as well as ways to involve students in socio-political activities. The methods of collecting empirical data were: a series of focus groups among students in four regions: Kostroma, Vologda, Vladimir and Yaroslavl regions (the choice of regions is associated with the presence of universities in them, members of the consortium “Upper Volga - the territory of innovation”), in-depth interviews of experts (university administrators and teachers, representatives of public and student organizations working directly with young people within the framework of the main activities of their organizations), as well as content analysis of students’ essays. According to the results of the study, the main factors influencing the choice of an avoidance strategy by students were identified, the forms of student avoidance from socio-political life were determined, and ways of involvement were proposed.

Structural and geophysical indicators of neotectonics in the area of the continental margin of Côte d'Ivoire are represented in three interacting zones: oceanic, continental and transitional. Together with the time-varying gravitational field, they form a system in which neotectonic processes are enhanced due to their equatorial position. Seismicity is represented by dense clusters of events in the areas of junction of the Strakhov, Sao Paulo and Romansh oceanic transform faults with the continent and their overland continuation. Seismicity and gravity variations show the relationship of deep density changes to stress discharge in the area and the effect of volumetric forces on lithospheric blocks. Free air and isostasy anomalies along the shelf are segmented by the effects of vertical motions. Pull-apart depressions near the passive parts of transform faults indicate basement deformations in the interfault blocks and activation of shear displacements of dextral kinematics near the bend of the passive parts of the faults to the northeast from main oceanic azimuth. Segments with isostasy maxima on the shelf correspond to areas with coarser grain size granulometric composition, indicating leaching of fine sedimentary fraction from the bottom material.

A comparison of geophysical data along the segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between 10° N and 25° N and seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) ore objects revealed a number of regularities and relationships in their spatial distribution. SMS are grouped in areas with the following features: near subvertical «microplumes», into which the single axial anomaly of the MAR, determined by the seismotomographic model UU-P07, splits; maximums of Bouguer anomalies between the Vema and Kane transform faults, corresponding to dense mantle volumes and minimal magmatic debit; a pronounced alternation of spatiotemporal «voids» and «bands» of seismicity with a step of ~1.5°, comparable to the near-surface δVp minima; inversion of spreading rates asymmetry from east of the MAR to the west within 20° N and 24° N south of the Kane fault with nontransform south-oriented offsets; areas with positive correlation of the Bouguer anomalies and topography between 19° N and 22° N. The relation of SMS with the specified features of geophysical data forms a predictive basis for this type of objects.

In the era of digitalization of urban spaces, video surveillance systems play a key role in ensuring public safety. However, vulnerabilities in the software and hardware of these systems can lead to serious privacy and security breaches. The importance of this topic is due to the growing number of cyber attacks and data leaks, the targets of which are often urban infrastructure. Purpose. The main aim of this article is to analyze the vulnerabilities of video surveillance systems in the context of urban infrastructure, as well as to identify potential risks to data security and personal privacy. The article seeks to identify weaknesses in technologies and offer recommendations for eliminating them. Methodology. The analysis used methods for analyzing data on violations in video surveillance systems over the past five years and a review of modern technologies: Study of modern encryption methods and practices of regular software updates aimed at minimizing risks. Results. The study showed that most video surveillance systems are vulnerable to medium-level attacks. The most common vulnerabilities are related to insufficient data encryption and outdated software. As a result of the analysis, proposals were developed to strengthen data protection, including regular software updates and the use of multi-level authentication and encryption systems. Practical implications. The findings and recommendations for strengthening surveillance systems can be applied across various sectors of urban infrastructure, including public transportation, municipal institutions, and commercial facilities. The implementation of these recommendations is particularly critical for locations with high foot traffic and elevated security requirements, such as schools, hospitals, and shopping centers. Effective adoption of the proposed encryption technologies and enhanced security measures will help prevent not only data breaches but also potential acts of terrorism or other security threats to citizens.

The objective was to study the occurrence of perioperative cardiovascular complications (CVС) and clinical and laboratory cardioprotection signs in patients treated with phosphocreatine infusion in intraoperative period of vascular surgery.Materials and methods. The study involved 204 patients with high cardiac risk (revised cardiac risk index > 2, risk of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest > 1%) who underwent elective vascular surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group I patients received intraoperative infusion of phosphocreatine at a dose of 75.9 [69.8–85.7] mg/kg during 120.0 [107.1–132.0] min. Group II was a control group. The occurrence of CVC, the blood level of the cardiospecific troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal segment of natriuretic B-type prohormone (NT-proBNP) were analyzed. The data were statistically processed, using the Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney test and logistic regression.Results. Perioperative CVС were recorded in 5 (4.9%) patients in group I and in 18 (17.6%) patients in group II (p = 0.007). Intraoperative administration of phosphocreatine was associated with a reduced risk of CVС: OR 0.2405, 95% CI 0.0856–0.6758, p = 0.007. The cTnI level in patients of groups I and II was 0.021 [0.016–0.030] and 0.019 [0.011–0.028] ng/ml (p = 0.102) before surgery, 0.025 [0.020–0.036] and 0.022 [0.015–0.039] ng/ml (p = 0.357) after surgery, 0.025 [0.020–0.031] and 0.028 [0.018–0.033] ng/ml (p = 0.531) before discharge from the hospital. At the same stages, the level of NT-proBNP was 233.5 [195.0–297.5] and 237.8 [171.3–310.1] pg/ml (p = 0.404), 295.5 [257.3–388.0] and 289.0 [217.5–409.5] pg/ml (p = 0.226), 265.5 [204.8–348.5] and 259.6 [171.0–421.6] pg/ml (p = 0.369).Conclusion. In patients with high cardiac risk undergoing vascular surgery, intraoperative phosphocreatine infusion at a total dose of 75.9 [69.8–85.7] mg/kg reduces the risk of perioperative CVC per 24%. Administration of phosphocreatine to patients with high cardiac risk during vascular surgery does not affect perioperative cTnI and NT-proBNP blood levels.

High lipoprotein(a) (LP(a)) level contributes as an independent risk factor to the development of cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic origin. The article contains data on the structural features of this particle, the genetic determination of its metabolism and content in blood plasma, and the pathogenic mechanisms of its proatherogenic, proinflammatory and prothrombotic effects. The authors analyzed epidemiological data on the frequency of elevated LP(a) levels in different population groups and its association with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The data presented concern the indicators of LP(a) as a risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke (including recurrent stroke) and its individual pathogenetic subtypes, as well as the relationship between LP(a) levels and functional outcomes after cerebral accidents. Current recommendations for the treatment of patients with elevated LP(a) levels in the context of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases are analyzed.

The paper analyzes gardens and landscapes of the Renaissance, Mannerism and Baroque with particular attention to moral themes and Christian symbols. I follow the development of moral topography in the gardens by examples of Villa Hadriana, Villa d’Este in Tivoli, Versailles, Tsarskoye Selo, Désert de Retz, Sanspareil, Regaleira. The two types of gardens are identified: architectural (Castelo Branco, Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga) and landscaping (Bomarzo, Cetinale, Esztergom, Buçaco, Kuks, Valsanzibio). The paper then turns to “sacred mountains” created in the foothills of Italian Alps as a symbolic barrier at the border of Protestant lands. The interplay of gardens themselves and their descriptions, such as in “The Path of Purification”, the treatise by Francesco de’ Vieri on Pratolino, 1587 and in the inscriptions in Valsanzibio, is also discussed. Further in the paper I wonder about how moral programs of gardens can be studied and incorporated in the history of ideas and religiosity. The work is based on the materials of author’s travels and is illustrated with his photographs. Translations into Russian are by B. Sokolov. В работе анализируются садовые и ландшафтные памятники Ренессанса, маньеризма и барокко, программа восприятия которых основана на моральной тематике и христианских символах. Прослежено сложение моральной топографии в саду (вилла Адриана, вилла д’Эсте в Тиволи, Версаль, Царское Село, Дезер де Ретц, Санпарей, Регалейра), описаны ансамбли двух типов – архитектурные (Каштелу Бранку, Бон Жезуш ду Монте в Браге) и ландшафтные (Бомарцо, Четинале, Эстергом, Бусаку, Кукс, Вальсанзибио). Рассмотрена идеология создания «священных гор» в предгорьях итальянских Альп как символического барьера на границе протестантских земель, показано взаимодействие сада и текста о нём (трактат Франческо де Вьери «О чудесных устройствах в Пратолино», 1587; «путь очищения» и надписи в Вальсанзибио). Поднимается вопрос о способах изучения моральных садовых программ и включения их в контекст истории идей и религиозной жизни. Работа выполнена по материалам путешествий автора и иллюстрирована его фотографиями. Переводы текстов сделаны автором.

This paper is devoted to the application of the Bayesian approach to the forecasting of aggregate taxes on the example of the Republic of Armenia. Typically, this approach is used in large-scale BVARs to forecast macroeconomic variables. The objective of this study is to estimate the efficiency of the Bayesian approach to constricting relatively low-scale fiscal VARs. Another objective is to build a specific BVAR model for forecasting tax revenues in the context of actual forecasting rounds. The study is based on seasonally adjusted quarterly aggregate tax data and the corresponding proxy bases. A hierarchical approach to the selection of BVAR’s priors is implemented. It assumes the random nature of variances in the prior values of the coefficients. The hierarchical approach is also characterized by a high level of variability of hyperparameters. To determine the optimal structure of the BVAR model in terms of out-of-sample prediction accuracy, a special algorithm was developed. This algorithm involves a specific procedure for the selection of priors and model parameters, which allows to significantly minimize the prediction error. The Geweke and Gelman-Rubin tests were used/considered to check the convergence of the parameters, and the acceptance rate of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm was taken into account. It Additional priors, such as the sum-of-coefficients prior and the dummy-initialobservation prior (single-unit-root), are shown to improve the quality of out-of-sample forecasts. These priors allow for the possibility of the existence of a single root and cointegration between variables. The main finding of this study is that the proposed algorithm for selecting parameters in BVAR significantly improves out-of-sample performance compared to traditional frequency VAR.

It is well known that the acidity of the microenvironment has a significant impact on the functional activity of cells involved in tissue repair. To date, the effect of biomaterials containing components of the human dermis intercellular matrix on fibroblasts under acidosis has not been fully studied.The aim of the study. To evaluate the effect of a composite hydrogel containing dermal components on the functional activity of intact fibroblasts and fibroblasts with acid-induced dysfunction.Materials and methods. To simulate the physicochemical conditions of acute inflammation, human fibroblasts were incubated for an hour at 39 °C in a nutrient medium overacidified to pH = 6. The morphometric characteristics of human skin fibroblasts were assessed using light and fluorescence microscopy methods. The number of apoptotic cells and proliferation index were assessed using flow cytometry.Results. It has been established that exposure of fibroblasts to an acidic medium inhibits their adhesive properties and reduces the rate of cell growth. The introduction of hydrogel into a cell suspension with damaged cells restores adhesive properties and cell growth. In the fibroblast population, after acid exposure, the number of living cells decreases, and the number of apoptotic cells increases. Cultivation of damaged fibroblasts in the presence of a composite hydrogel increases the number of living cells in the population and reduces the number of apoptotic cells. Acid-induced fibroblast damage reduces the proliferative activity index. It was revealed that the introduction of hydrogel into the culture medium stimulates the proliferative activity of both intact and damaged fibroblasts. The results obtained indicate that a composite hydrogel consisting of extracellular matrix components is capable of restoring the functional activity of fibroblasts damaged as a result of exposure to an acidic medium. The results obtained can be used to create biomaterials that increase the efficiency of skin regeneration in cases of excessively intense acute inflammation.

Главными событиями 3 квартала 2024 года явились, с одной стороны, позитивное заявление в рамках форума «Российская энергетическая неделя» (РЭН) вице-премьера РФ Александра Новака о том, что мировой спрос на нефть будет только расти и к 2050 году выйдет на уровень 120 млн б/с. При этом, в докладе первого замглавы Минэнерго Павла Сорокина «Бурить нельзя останавливаться» было заявлено, что Россия до 2050 года будет сохранять добычу в 540 млн тонн нефти в год, но с оговоркой, что структура нефтяных запасов уже сейчас на 60%, а к 2030 году на 80%, будет состоять из ТРИЗов, т.е. когда без адресного льготирования налогов, читай уменьшения или освобождения от уплаты НДПИ, каждая добытая тонна нефти начинает генерировать убыток для компаний, а природная рента (прибыль, которую делят между собой компании и государство) будет существенно уменьшаться. С другой стороны, заявление саудовского принца Абдулазиза бен Сальмана о том, что мировая стоимость нефти может рухнуть до $50 за баррель, если некоторые участники ОПЕК+ будут нарушать свои обязательства по сокращению добычи, заставляет задуматься, как себя будет чувствовать российский ТЭК при таком развитии событий. В качестве доказательства серьезности своих слов принц объявил, что с 1 декабря 2024 г. Саудовская Аравия начнет поднимать свою нефтедобычу, пусть даже это вызовет долгий период низких цен на нефть. Очевидно, осознание высокого риска наступления этого крайне негативного сценария вынуждает лиц, принимающих ответственные управляющие государственные решения, искать место для «запятой» в надвигающейся дилемме «Добывать нельзя разориться». Так, например, глава Минэнерго Сергей Цивилев предложил провести огосударствление и реструктуризацию ТЭК для роста доходов государства и создать госкорпорацию в энергетическом секторе. Однако это решение, даже если оно и реализуется, не отменяет, по мнению руководителя «Зарубежнефти» Сергея Кудряшова, необходимость расширения перечня налоговых льгот не только для нерентабельных сегодня проектов, но и для старых действующих месторождений, поскольку фискальная нагрузка на них только усиливается. Чтобы остановить падение добычи нефти, по его мнению, требуется триллион рублей, которые необходимо изъять из налоговых поступлений и отправить на инвестиции в дальнейшее бурение новых скважин и применение методов увеличения нефтеотдачи.Между тем, статс-секретарь – замминистра финансов Алексей Сазанов в своем выступлении на РЭН заявил, что Минфин против расширения применения НДД в условиях действия сделки ОПЕК+: «… Сейчас на действующих месторождениях мы не добываем столько, сколько могли бы. То есть добываем ниже потенциала. Если ввести дополнительные льготы, это будет просто стимулировать переток добычи там, где ниже НДПИ, что будет означать потери в условиях, когда мы не можем наращивать добычу, расширять периметр НДД преждевременно…». При этом, статс-секретарь не забыл «попенять» на нефтегазовые компании, обвинив их в том, что действующая «… проектная документация… иногда напоминает дневник школьника…», в котором «… вроде что-то показывают, а как есть на деле, не узнаешь, пока в школу не сходишь…». Не менее тревожная ситуация развивается в другом энергетическом секторе страны – угледобыче. По заявлению на РЭН губернаторов главных угледобывающих регионов России Кузбасса и Якутии, «… отрасль терпит убытки, добыча и экспорт угля сокращаются, а поступления в бюджет падают до критического уровня…». Исправить ситуацию может только господдержка экспорта и решение старых транспортных проблем.Однако и в этом случае Минфин не видит оснований для отмены экспортной пошлины на коксующийся уголь раньше 2025 года. «... Пока оснований не видели обнулять пошлину. Нужно изучить финансовые показатели отрасли за третий квартал и там принимать решения», – сказал замминистра финансов Алексей Сазанов.И уже по традиции, о позитивных новостях. Как недавно заявил руководитель Минэнерго Сергей Цивилев, разведанные шельфовые запасы в Арктике оцениваются в 17 млрд тонн нефти: «… Даже добывая нефть на шельфе, даже на тех объемах, на которых мы сейчас добываем – это 32 года (обеспеченность добычи, прим. редакции)… И на шельфе у нас 85 триллионов кубических метров газа – это при тех объемах, что мы сейчас добываем – более 130 лет (обеспеченность добычи, прим. редакции)…».В этой связи, уместно привести слова заместителя председателя правления ПАО «НОВАТЭК» Владимира Кудрина, сказанные им на Промышленно-энергетическом Форуме TNF в сентября 2024 года: «… Нужно коренным образом изменить систему налогообложения. Текущая налоговая система сделана под простые запасы, нужно взять за образец иностранные налоговые системы, которые дают мотивацию разработки ТРИЗ…». Новая система должна ориентироваться на разработку новых сложных запасов и работать по принципам, близким к проектному финансированию. Компания «НОВАТЭК» в текущих условиях сосредоточивается на развитии ресурсной базы в традиционном для компании регионе в ЯНАО. Главным в этой стратегии будет поддержание добычи газа в Надым-Пур-Тазовском междуречье и обеспечение доходности действующих проектов. Проведенная в Тюмени 4–5 июня 2024 года II-я ежегодная геологическая конференция «Изучение перспектив нефтегазоносности севера Западной Сибири. Трудноизвлекаемые запасы» была посвящена именно этим вопросам. В настоящем выпуске журнала нашли свое отражение актуальные доклады этой конференции, представленные в виде научных статей.Уважаемые коллеги! Напоминаю, что 7–8 ноября 2024 г. в Сколковском институте науки и технологий (Сколтех), г. Москва, состоится наша конференция «ГЕОРЕСУРСЫ РОССИИ НА ФОНЕ ВНЕШНИХ И ВНУТРЕННИХ ПЕРЕМЕН», посвященная 25-летию со дня основания научно-технического журнала «Георесурсы» и выхода в свет первого номера. К участию в конференции приглашаются все желающие. Регистрационный взнос не предусмотрен. Ссылка для регистрации на конференцию https://www.geors.ru/jour/announcement/view/1.Искренне ваш,Главный редактор журнала «Георесурсы»Член-корреспондент РАЕНДиректор по геологоразведке ООО «ПЕТРОГЕКО», к.г.-м.н. Александр Владимирович Соколов

Introduction. Parametric spectral estimation methods provide an improved level of frequency resolution compared to matched signal processing conventionally used in radar technology. This renders these methods promising for application in cases where the sample size of a spatial or temporal signal is strictly limited. At the same time, parametric methods are not optimal when receiving single signals against the background of normal uncolored additive noise. Therefore, parametric methods can be used as independent approaches provided that, first, working detection statistics are selected and justified and, second, that detection characteristics and noise immunity are constructed and analyzed.Aim. This paper investigates modified detection statistics of the parametric Burg method, characterized by the simplicity of decision functions and the capacity to provide a constant false alarm probability under varying additive noise levels.Materials and methods. Statistical computer simulation of the detection algorithms under consideration was conducted. This method is widely used in the analysis of parametric methods of signal processing. The detection characteristics obtained in the work were compared using the well-known Burg harmonic mean method, which involves the lowest computational costs.Results. The paper presents original decision functions derived from the transformation of power spectral density estimates of the Burg method. The detection characteristics and immunity to signal-like interference of the modified Burg method are obtained and investigated, providing the basis for a comparative analysis of the proposed partial detection statistics. These are shown to retain the property of invariance of false alarm probability to the level of normal white noise.Conclusion. The obtained detection and noise immunity characteristics for ultrashort and short signal samples allow us to recommend the parametric Burg harmonic mean method, implemented on the basis of a forward and backward linear prediction algorithm, as an independent signal processing method under strict restrictions imposed on the size of the analyzed sample of spatial-temporal signals.

INTRODUCTION. Indomethacin is a derivative of indoleacetic acid and has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. However, the results of numerous studies show that indomethacin, like many other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have an inhibitory effect on the viability and functional activity of enterocytes. In this regard, the search for new ways to reduce the severity of side effects from the use of NSAIDs remains relevant. One of these approaches may be to enrich patients’ diets with non-drug biologically active compounds, including proteins. However, the effect of dietary proteins and biologically active peptides on NSAID-induced damage to the wall of the small intestine and stomach has not been sufficiently studied. AIM. To evaluate the ability of a collagen-containing dietary supplement to protect human duodenal epithelial cells (HuTu-80 line) from indomethacin-induced damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The composite collagen-containing hydrogel was provided by «FIRST ALIVE COLLAGEN» LLC (Russia) and is a registered dietary supplement. The work used a commercial culture of human skin fibroblast cells and human duodenal epithelial cells (line HuTu-80). The viability of intestinal cells and fibroblasts was assessed using light and fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry methods. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. It has been established that indomethacin inhibits cell growth, causes apoptosis and death of enterocytes, and also leads to the accumulation of cells in the S-phase, which indicates a disruption in the regulation of the cell cycle. It was revealed that collagen hydrogel prevents cell death caused by indomethacin and reduces the number of apoptotic cells in the population. The protective effect of collagen hydrogel is characterized by normalization of the cell cycle of enterocytes and restoration of their growth and proliferative activity. CONCLUSION. Thus, collagen hydrogel, in vitro, is able to reduce the pathogenic effect of indomethacin on human intestinal epithelial cells. The protective effect of collagen hydrogel is characterized by maintaining viability, inhibiting apoptotic processes, and maintaining cell cycle stability. The results obtained indicate the prospects of using a dietary supplement based on a composite collagen hydrogel as a prophylactic agent to reduce the risk of NSAID-associated gastrointestinal diseases. However, to confirm the therapeutic effectiveness of the dietary supplement, further research is necessary, both using experimental animal modeling of NSAID-associated diseases of the human gastrointestinal tract, and clinical studies.

Objective. Evaluate efficacy and safety of cavutilide (Refralon) for pharmacological cardioversion in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF/AFL), in 90days blanking period of catheter ablation.Materials and methods. included 56 patients: 46 patients with recurrent paroxysmal AF/AFL and 10 patients with recurrent persistent AF/AFL. In 45 patients (80.3%), sinus rhythm (SR) restoration was performed within 7 days from the moment of catheter ablation. Intraoperative confirmation of pulmonary vein (PV) isolation was noted in 85.7% cases (n=48). After excluding contraindications, cavutilide was administrated in the intensive care unit according to a 4-stage protocol (5 µg/kg – 5 µg/kg-10 µg/ kg – 10 µg/kg). Effectiveness of pharmacological cardioversion was assessed as the fact of restoring SR and the fact of preservation of SR 24 hours after cavutilide administration. Safety points – QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmogenic effects, pauses and bradyarrhythmias.Results. The overall effectiveness of cavutilide among all included patients reached 98.2% (n=55), and preservation of SR 24 hours after cavutilide administration was observed in 94.5% (n=53) patients. All the patients with recurrent persistent AF/AFL successfully restored and maintained SR 24 hours after cavutilide administration 100% (n=10). In patients with recurrent paroxysmal AF/AFL restoration of SR observed in 97.8% (n=45) and preservation of SR after 24 hours – in 93.4% (n=43), respectively. The effectiveness of cavutilide did not depend on the results of the catheter ablation. Recurrences of AF/AFL after SR restoration were more common in patients without successful PV isolation. QT prolongation >500ms observed in 8.9% (n=5) of cases, including 1 case of self-terminating torsade de pointes, managed by MgSO4 infusion. Bradyarrhythmias that did not require urgent therapy were noted in 10.7% (n=6) of cases.Conclusion. Pharmacological cardioversion with Cavutilide (Refralon) is highly effective and safe method of SR restoration in patients with recurrent AF/AFL in 90days blanking period after catheter ablation.

Background. Forms of glucose metabolism disorders are one of the key processes in the course of cystic fibrosis (CF) and can be variable, starting with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and ending with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), which is the most dangerous complication, worsening the prognosis and outcome of disease. Decreased lung function and poor nutritional status are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD). Materials and methods. The study included 85 children with CF. Patients underwent measurement of anthropometric parameters (height, weight) to assess nutritional status (NS), and spirometry test was used to assess pulmonary function (PF). Of these, 78 patients were assessed with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 5 points (0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes) assessing the concentration of venous plasma glucose in mmol/l. The results of the OGTT were assessed in accordance with the diagnostic criteria for CFRD. Results. According to the Kruskal–Wallis test, the maximum volumetric flow rate during exhalation of 75% FVC (FEF 75) differed between different forms of carbohydrate metabolism (p=0.031). Other indicators of respiratory function didn’t have any significant differences. Using the Mann–Whitney test, pairwise comparisons were performed, so the FEF 75 indicator was statistically significantly lower in the group of children with CFRD than in other groups. There were no statistically significant differences when assessing Z-scores weight/age (WAZ) and height/age (HAZ) depending on the forms of carbohydrate metabolism. However, BMI/age Z-scores (BAZ) were statistically significantly lower in groups of children with CFRD than in other forms of carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusion. Children with CF in the period of prediabetes don’t have significant impairments in lung function and NS. These disorders are typical for children with CFRD.

The objective was to study the occurrence of perioperative cardiovascular complications (CVС) and clinical and laboratory cardioprotection parameters in patients treated with dexmedetomidine infusion in perioperative period of vascular surgery.Materials and methods. The study involved 204 patients with high cardiac risk (revised cardiac risk index > 2, risk of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest > 1%) who underwent elective vascular surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group I patients received perioperative infusion of dexmedetomidine at a dose 0.40 [0.34–0.47] mg/kg/h during 7.0 [6.0–8.0]) hours. Group II was a control group. In the perioperative period, the occurrence of CVC, the blood level of the N-terminal fragment of the prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiospecific troponin I (cTnI) were analyzed. The data were statistically processed, using the Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney test and logistic regression.Results. Perioperative CVC without taking into account arterial hypotension were recorded in 3 (2.9%) patients in group I and in 14 (13.7%) patients in group II (p = 0.009). Arterial hypotension was recorded in 14 (13.7%) patients in group I and in 5 (4.9%) patients in group II (p = 0.051). Perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion reduced the risk of CVC, except for arterial hypotension (OR 0.1905, 95% CI 0.0530–0.6848, p = 0.011) and increased the risk of arterial hypotension (OR 3.5787, 95% CI 1.1254–11.3796, p = 0.031). The cTnI level in patients of groups I and II was 0.017 [0.011–0.024] and 0.019 [0.011–0.028] ng/ml (p = 0.196) before surgery, 0.02 [0.011–0.029] and 0.02 [0.015–0.039] ng/ml (p = 0.050) after surgery, 0.018 [0.014–0.024] and 0.028 [0.018–0.033] ng/ml (p = 0.0002) before discharge from the hospital. At the same stages, the level of NT-proBNP was 221.5 [193.3–306.5] and 237.8 [171.3–310.1] pg/ml (p = 0.572), 237.0 [205–303.5] and 289.0 [217.5–409.5] pg/ml (p = 0.007), 250.5 [198.8–302.0] and 259.6 [171.0–421.6] pg/ml (p = 0.933).Conclusion. In patients at high cardiac risk undergoing vascular surgery, perioperative dexmedetomidine infusion reduces the risk of a composite outcome including cardiac mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, pulmonary embolism, stroke, hypertension, and arrhythmias, while the risk of arterial hypotension increases significantly. The perioperative dynamics of cTnI and NT-proBNP require further research. The start of dexmedetomidine infusion in 2.7% of cases is accompanied by severe bradycardia, requiring discontinuation of the infusion.

Modern energy systems are often used as a medium for information transmission, including confidential information, which makes relevant the task of ensuring its security, which today is solved using not only cryptographic but also steganographic means that ensure concealment of the very fact of confidential information transmission. The steganographic method with code control of the additional information embedding possesses practical important qualities, but in its original form requires the presence of a container for successful information extraction, which is not always desirable in practice, while the known modification of this steganographic method allows blind decoding is characterized by an insufficient level of resistance to attacks against the embedded message. The purpose of this paper is to improve the efficiency of the steganographic method with code control of the additional information embedding and blind decoding. This purpose was achieved by identifying two factors that determine the occurrence of errors during blind decoding of additional information in the steganographic method with code control: variation of sub-blocks, and errors caused by attacks against the embedded message. We pro-pose the theoretical and practical rationale for codewords that provide the best level of re-sistance to both factors. The most significant result of the paper is a reduction in the number of decoding errors of the steganographic method with code control of the additional information embedding and blind decoding by 12.01% compared to the result known in the literature through a reasonable choice of codewords used to embed the additional information.

This review presents current data on the origin of monocytes/macrophages, the conditions necessary for the differentiation of monocytes into M1 or M2 macrophages. Three subpopulations of peripheral blood monocytes are described: (I) classical – the main subpopulation (85-90%), effectively carrying out phagocytosis; (II) intermediate monocytes (5-10%) – participate in antigen processing and presentation, in angiogenesis, vascular endothelium restoration; (III) non-classical monocytes (10%) - "patrol" vascular network, remove cellular debris, participate in tissue remodeling. The review provides detailed characteristics for each subclass of macrophages: pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2), which play different roles in the initiation and resolution of inflammation; their phenotype, the spectrum of secreted cytokines, the expression of transcription factors, and the functions performed are described. For the M2 population, the features of the subpopulation are described in detail: M2a, M2b, M2c, M2d. The review presents methods and approaches to obtaining polarized macrophages in vitro from both peripheral blood monocytes and cells of transplanted cultures based on signals received by macrophages in vivo; the phenotype, cytokine production and functional properties of artificially polarized macrophages depending on the conditions of their production are given. The review examines in detail the features of contact and distant interaction of macrophages of various subclasses with microenvironment cells on the example of natural killer cells and trophoblast cells, provides information on changes in the phenotype, transcriptional and secretory profile of interacting cells. The mechanisms of trophoblast control of macrophage differentiation into a unique M2 population of decidual macrophages controlling both the development and functioning of the trophoblast and its apoptosis are described. The review examines in detail the currently known variants of the interaction of macrophage subpopulations with natural killers. The influence of Mf on NK cells manifests itself in a change in the expression of transcription factors by the latter, which determine not only their differentiation, but also their functional activity. Macrophages are considered as cells that actively influence the functional state and differentiation of natural killers. The review examines the mechanisms of the relationship of all three types of cells: macrophages, trophoblast and natural killers in the area of uteroplacental contact. The study of the interactions of these cells will shed light not only on the features of intercellular relationships in the area of uteroplacental contact, but also on the relationship of tumor cells with NK cells and macrophages.

The summarized data on the content of organic carbon (Corg) in the subtypes of gray forest soils occurring on the territory of Russia was presented. It was shown that the humus horizons of virgin light-gray, typical-gray, and dark-gray forest soils contain, on average, 2.16 ± 0.67, 2.42 ± 0.61, and 3.58 ± 0.95% Сorg, respectively, while the plowing layers of arable soils contain 1.36 ± 0.40, 1.71 ± 0.40, and 2.84 ± 0.86%, respectively. Structural (particulate organic matter 0.05–2 mm in size, CPOM, and mineral-associated organic matter

The modern idea of the geological structure of oil deposits of the Nizhnechutinskoye field is presented. The uniqueness of the field lies in the shallow depths of productive deposits. The oil-saturated layer is 100 m. The shallow depths of productive formations led to low formation temperature and pressure. Under such conditions, oil is inactive, characterized by high viscosity, and dissolved gas is practically absent. The features of the formation of the sedimentary cover in the area of the field predetermined the block structure, while the rocks of the productive horizon are characterized by a complex system of vertical fractures, which greatly complicates the process of oil recovery. A distinctive feature of the studied section of the field is the presence of effusive rocks underlying the main productive stratum and overlapping the lower productive layer.The article systematizes the results of field trial operation, which revealed a number of complicating factors, which is associated primarily with the uniqueness of the geological structure of the studied deposits. Despite the solid history of studying the Nizhnechutinskoye field, which has almost 300 years, given the negligible depth of productive deposits, oil production at this field still remains a difficult task.

An analysis of historical statistical data on the hydrocarbons growth and drilling during prospecting and exploration of oil and gas fields in the Shirotny Ob region made it possible to identify important patterns in the dynamics of work efficiency criteria. The obtained calculations of the specific annual and average longterm efficiency of prospecting and exploration works can be used to plan drilling meterage, estimate the time of drilling operations and calculate their cost. The feasibility of carrying out prospecting and exploration drilling to convert regional resource expectations into proven reserves of commercial categories is assessed.

The distribution of cumulative production and current oil reserves of all categories, differentiated by administrative subjects located within the West Siberian oil and gas province, shows significant heterogeneity in the distribution of these indicators across stratigraphic horizons. For each horizon, an integration of the reserves-to-production ratio criterion (A category) and water cut is carried out. It is shown that the main share of both cumulative production and current recoverable reserves that ensure this production falls on the Neocomian complex, which has critically high water cut and low flow rates.

At present, when estimating the state of the resource base and the general forecast for the development of oil production, ones often operate with the reservesto-production ratio, which reflects, as it is believed, a guaranteed time for involving current recoverable reserves in active development. However, the terms (numbers) differ significantly. In this regard, it seems appropriate to once again discuss the content of the commonly used ratio, the differences in approaches to its estimation and use in our country and abroad, as well as the possibility of using it when forecasting production and the need for an increase in reserves.

The distribution of thermal conductivity, radiogenic heat generation and heat flow in the Barents Sea southern part, including the Fedynsky Arch, is analyzed. Models of deep temperatures controlling the catagenesis of organic matter thermal conditions are calculated. A 3D temperature model was built up to a 30 km depth, which allowed us to demonstrate cross-sectional temperature maps at various depths in the Earth’s crust. A comparison of the Barents Sea thermal field and seismotomographic model was carried out, which showed that the seismotomographic anomalies are caused by thermal inhomogeneities.

The country needs new, profitable «here and now» reserves that can slow the rate of oil production decline. In this regard, the subsoil manager urgently needs to take fundamental measures to raise investment in oil prospecting and to speed up the process. All hopes rest upon independent investors who have potential to accelerate and increase prospecting activity. In order to stimulate oil prospecting, the subsoil manager needs to take several steps towards independent investors.

The article provides new data concerning the structure and features of biopolymers that form the basis of by-product collagen-containing raw materials of meat processing industry and the sector of primary treatment of collagen-containing raw materials. In order to resolve the problem of import-substitution, analysis of the structure and features of complicated proteins the author analyzed briefly the economic situation, showed results of investigating certain properties of protein systems and put forward recommendations on the subject development. Theoretical findings can be used for the development of food additive technologies, lipid fraction substitutions, food toppings, food with non-conventional structure and properties, specialized nutrition, including additives of the sport group. According to the author, product groups in demand will include matters, ingredients, food with high biological activity, bio-compatible or modified gels, combined gels, cosmetic preparations, remedy for stimulating growth and development in plants, animals, nano- and bio-structures, polymers with shape memory meant for robotized constructions, etc. Unfortunately, there is no systemized principle for developing the necessary knowledge base for home or overseas products in this segment, however, the author can recommend theoretical and methodological approaches to protein system production, control over their quality, database and academic site development.

Numerous landslides are located on the passive margin of Norway. According to the landslides number and the extent of their detachment zones, the margin can be divided into three segments (from south to north) — Scandinavian, Barents Sea and Svalbard. The fourth segment (Arctic) is the transition area located north of the Spitsbergen archipelago. In the Scandinavian segment, about forty large submarine landslide bodies have been identified on the continental slope and deeper. The Barents Sea segment is dominated by deep-sea fan deposits and relatively small landslides. No large landslides were found in the Svalbard segment. Analysis of published and original geological and geophysical data indicates that the formation of new landslides may occur in the Svalbard segment, as well as on the Vestnesa Ridge.

The purpose of this study is to propose an efficient numerical method for solving the inverse nonlinear problem of the movement of the compressor rotor collar in a fluid film thrust bearing. Methods. A periodic thermoelastohydrodynamic (PTEHD) mathematical model of hydrodynamic and thermal processes in a bearing is constructed under the condition of the rotor collar motion. Within the framework of the model, an inverse nonlinear problem of determining the position of the collar under a given external load is formulated. An iterative solution method is proposed, which utilizes the solution of the direct problem. To reduce computational costs, a modified Dekker–Brent method is employed in conjunction with a modified Newton’s method. Results. Numerical experiments have been conducted, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. The suggested methods significantly reduce the required computational resources by minimizing the number of calls to the target function in the optimization problem. A software suite has been developed that allows for the calculation of the nonlinear system of rotor motion under various physical and geometric parameters. Conclusion. An efficient set of numerical methods for solving the inverse nonlinear problem of the motion of the rotor collar in the compressor fluid film thrust bearing is proposed. The method’s effectiveness lies in substantial savings of computational resources. The method’s efficiency has been demonstrated in numerical experiments.

Introduction. The standard volume of removed groups of lymph nodes for right colon cancer (RCC) has not been determined. According to Japanese clinical guidelines, it is necessary to perform D3 lymphadenectomy in all cases, except stage I, while according to European and Russian clinical guidelines, the standard scope of surgical intervention includes only D2 lymphadenectomy. There are no long-term results regarding differences between D2 and D3 lymph node dissection in RCC; therefore, it is relevant to conduct studies to improve the long-term results of treatment of patients with RCC.Aim: to comparatively evaluate the results of treatment of patients with RCC who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy at A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center.Materials and methods. Conducted from 2018 to 2023, the study included 174 patients with stage I–III RCC: in 106 patients, laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was performed, in 68 patients — with D3 lymph node dissection. When assessing the homogeneity and comparability of the groups, according to input parameters, such as clinical stage, gender, age, body mass index and tumor location, their heterogeneity was noted, which did not allow a direct comparative assessment of both groups. To eliminate heterogeneity and adequately select groups, a pseudorandomization technique was used, after which the groups (n = 68) became statistically comparable in all main clinical parameters.Results. Statistically significant differences were obtained in the median duration of surgical intervention, which was longer in the group of patients with D3 lymph node dissection — 150 (60–393) and 213 (70–390) minutes (p < 0.001), and in the median time of flatus passage — 2 (1–4) and 3 (1–9) days, respectively (p = 0.042). Postoperative complications in accordance with the Clavien — Dindo classification occurred in 16 (23.5 %) patients in the group with D2 and in 15 patients (22.1 %) in the group with D3 lymph node dissection (p = 0.999); III–V grade complications were noted in 2 (2.9 %) cases in each group (p = 0.999). Postoperative hospital stay was 6 days for patients in both groups (p = 0.369). During pathomorphological assessment of the removed specimen, the median number of examined lymph nodes was significantly higher in the group with D3 lymph node dissection: 14 (1–52) and 19 (3–59) lymph nodes, respectively (p < 0.001). Involvement of apical lymph nodes (groups 203, 213, 223) was noted in 2 (3 %) patients. In the group with D2 lymph node dissection, distant metastases were recorded twice as often as in the group with D3 lymph node dissection — in 8 (11.8 %) and 4 (5.9 %) patients, respectively (p = 0.365). Local recurrence was not established in any case. The three-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 94.8 ± 3.0 and 100 % (p = 0.149) and 80.5 ± 5.8 and 88.7 ± 5.8 % (p = 0.177), respectively.Conclusions. The experience of using total mesocolonectomy with D3 lymph node dissection for RCC indicates the safety of this surgical intervention in comparison with traditional surgical techniques, while we did not obtain statistically significant differences in patient survival. To definitively determine the role of D3 lymph node dissection in the treatment of patients with RCC, large multicenter randomized studies are certainly needed.

This paper is devoted to solving the inverse problem (determining the parameters of a system of ordinary differential equations based on additional information determined at discrete points in time) and analyzing its solution for a mathematical model describing the dynamics of changes in the population and capital of two regions of the world. The inverse problem is reduced to the problem of minimizing the target functional and is solved by the method of differential evolution. A numerical method for solving direct and inverse problems is implemented. The developed method was tested on model and real data for countries such as Russia, China, India and the USA.

Letter from the editor-in-chief of the Journal "Georesursy"

This article examines the ideas on the origin of the name Rus (Russian: русь) formulated by Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer (1694–1738), a professor at the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Bayer expressed his observations in an unfinished Latin text published after his death in the journal of the Academy. Using this publication, which has never been translated into Russian, the authors of the article examine Bayer’s critical comments and objections to various versions of the origin of the name Rus. Bayer’s text is a kind of catalogue of hypotheses that existed in the academic world in the first half of the eighteenth century. From the point of view of modern scholarship, all of them can be regarded as naive folk etymologies or legends (for example, the creation of the name Rus from the ancient name of a river, its comparison with the biblical people of Rosch, or the appeal to the legend of the brothers Lech, Czech and Rus, etc.). These versions are subjected to a fair and ironic criticism by Bayer. Based on new research on ideas of ethnic nomination, the authors place the versions in the context of discussions in historical writings of the sixteenth–eighteenth centuries. The results of the analysis of Bayer’s arguments show that he often makes very good use of his knowledge of ancient and modern languages and of the historical context to criticise other people’s versions. The article also examines in detail the etymology to which Bayer himself adheres. According to Bayer, the name of the Russian people comes from the Slavic word рассеяние (“dispersion”). This etymology was proposed in the sixteenth century by the Austrian diplomat Siegmund von Herberstein and supported by some Polish and German scholars. The authors show that Bayer finds additional historical and linguistic arguments for this hypothesis, which, of course, do not withstand the criticism of contemporary scholarship. The article notes the influence of Bayer’s hypothesis on the ideas of G. F. Mьller. The authors suppose that a certain forgetfulness of Bayer’s hypothesis is due to the fact that it contradicts his reputation as a “Normanist”.

The objective was to study the occurrence of perioperative cardiovascular complications (CVС) and clinical and laboratory cardioprotection parameters in patients treated with an infusion of a succinate-containing drug during the intraoperative period of vascular surgery.Materials and methods. The study involved 120 patients with high cardiac risk (revised cardiac risk index > 2, risk of perioperative myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest > 1 %) who underwent elective vascular surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Patients of group 1 received intraoperative infusion of succinate-containing drug at a dose of succinate 0.35 [0.26–0.40] mg/kg/min– 1. Group II was a control group. In the perioperative period, the occurrence of perioperative CVC, the blood level of the N-terminal segment of natriuretic B-type prohormone (NT-proBNP) and cardiospecific troponin I (cTnI) were analyzed.Results. Perioperative CVC was registered in 11 (18.3 %) patients of group I and in 11 (18.3 %) patients of group II (p = 1.0). The level of NT-proBNP in patients of group I and group II was 207 [160–300] pg/ml and 229 [150.6–298.9] pg/ml (p = 0.817) before surgery, 234.2 [155.9–356] and 277 [177.7–404] pg/ml ( p = 0.207) after surgery and 240.5[149.3–306] and 235.5 [133–495.1] pg/ml ( p = 0.979) before discharge from the hospital. An increased level of cTnI after surgery was recorded in 4 (6.7 %) patients of group I and in 1 (1.7 %) patient ( p = 0.364) of group II.Conclusion. Intraoperative infusion of succinate-containing drug does not affect the occurrence of CVC in patients with high cardiac risk during vascular surgery. The succinate-containing drug does not affect the preoperative level of NT-proBNP and cTnI.