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Цель. Данная статья посвящена репрезентации концепта ЗДОРОВЬЕ. Предметом анализа выступают паремии немецкого и французского языков, которые рассматриваются в качестве языковых единиц, передающих лингвокультурологическую информацию о народе. Актуальность данного исследования объясняется общим интересом современного языкознания к изучению и сопоставлению различных концептуальных систем посредством паремий, а также отсутствием работ по данной проблематике. Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют метод сплошной выборки, сравнительно-сопоставительный и описательный методы исследования. Результаты. Исследование показало, что репрезентация концепта ЗДОРОВЬЕ обнаруживает довольно обширную языковую реализацию в паремиях немецкого и французского языков. Основными тематическими репрезентантами концепта выступают богатство, ценность; труд; здоровый образ жизни; чувство меры; антиздоровье. Область применения. Практическая ценность результатов исследования состоит в возможности их использования при разработке лекций, спецкурсов и спецсеминаров по лингвистике, сопоставительной паремиологии, лингвокультурологии.

Purpose. The article is devoted to the connotation of colour designation in the proverbs of Germanic languages (using the example of English and German). The authors analyzed English and German proverbs containing colour vocabulary. The following colour palette was distinguished, i.e., black, white, grey, green, red, blue, gold, silver. This colour scheme reflects the cultural diversity and the worldview of the British people and the Germans. Methods or methodology of the work. The research work is based on the thematic analysis and comparative-descriptive method. Results. A list of proverbs with colour vocabulary was formed depending upon the person’s perception of the colour (neutral, warm, cold); the above-mentioned units were analyzed from the point of view of emotional-evaluation perception of the situation and colours with positive, neutral and negative connotations were distinguished. Scope of the results. The results of the research can be applied in the process of teaching undergraduate students English and German at universities while studying the linguistic and cultural studies of Great Britain and Germany.

Purpose. The article is devoted to the symbolic functions of the lexeme «fog» in belles-letters. This topic is rather topical in linguistics. The study is based on the novels The Man of Property by J. Galsworthy and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of EAzkaban by J. Rowling, as «fog» is used there in the meaning of primigenial chaos. Methodology. The basis of the research is the componential analysis of the lexeme «fog» in novels of different genres. There is also given a comparison between «fog» as atmospheric phenomenon and the figurative meaning of this mythologem. Results. The component analysis shows the symbolic meaning, the connotation of semantic and literal devices of the lexeme «fog» in the texts given. There have been found 13 different motives to use this lexeme in both novels. The most obvious symbolic meaning of the fog is ‘mystery’, and the major connotation is a negative one, based on the natural qualities of the substance, i.e. cold. But the lexeme still has its ancient and complicated meanings, i.e. ‘death’ and ‘initiation’. Practical implications. We recommend the method given to study mythological archetypes in modern literature.

This article considers abbreviations as signs widely used in the contemporary Russian media. The study aims at analysing abbreviations and their functions, finding their connotative meanings and defining their types alongside the reasons behind their appearance. The main aim of this paper is to study abbreviations from the point of view of receptive linguistics, i.e. their perception by readers and listeners. The methodological basis of the research is to prove that an abbreviation is used to: а) make a social factor underlying such a parameter of the secondary sign as a tendency to sacralisation of a particular field of knowledge and b) is independent both from the semantic and the stylistic points of view, which is explained by evaluative connotations that are not inherent in the producing base. The theoretical basis of the study of the word-forming structure and functions of abbreviations are works by E. Zemskaya and E. Klobukov. The research material includes contexts taken from such media sources as Ogonyok, Izvestiya, Kommersant, Literaturnaya Gazeta, Moskovsky Komsomolets, etc. alongside examples from linguistic studies on abbreviations (S. A. Nikishina, А. P. Skovorodnikov). The most important conclusions of the research are as follows: 1. The purely nominative function of abbreviations, which is used to determine their status as a secondary sign, is being replaced by the expressive function in the modern media, making them an independent sign, pragmatically different from their producing base; 2. The wide use of abbreviations in the modern Russian spoken language can be explained not only by the principle of the speaker’s need to save their linguistic effort, but also by the tendency to “corporatise” the language in certain spheres (power structures, bureaucratic apparatus); 3. The influx of abbreviations in modern political speech and media speech has made these language signs an object of aesthetic evaluation (often negative), primarily because of their dissonance (УМДиДО, нацбест) and/or emerging undesirable associations with negative vocabulary content (МРОТ is associated with the Russian word mryot “dies”), or with stylistically reduced vocabulary (МУДО, РЯФКА, педобр). The attitude of native speakers to abbreviations (which is often negative) lets the authors consider these signs an object of receptive linguistics; 4. The way in which an abbreviation is introduced into the text is determined by the degree of its general familiarity. Good speech style and respect for the addressee always imply that an abbreviation should be decoded; 5. The abbreviation also can “re-produce meaning” by introducing it into a well-known word “container” (коронОРВИрус). The mechanism of such a word formation is paronymic attraction.

Purpose. The article is devoted to the determination and description of the mechanism of creating a language picture of the world in the English language text of the King James Bible. The subject of analysis is the functional realization of figurative-expressive means of the language. The author aims to reveal the main functions of the above-mentioned means in order to identify their role in creation connotation and modification holistic values of a word or expression, and, consequently, the formation of the biblical language picture of the world. Methodology. The basis of the research is continuous sampling method, sampling method with specified parameters with the help of the King James Bible concordance as well as functional analysis. Results. The results of the study are that the algorithm of reconstruction the biblical language picture of the world is determined and described based upon the theory of information content in the meaning and M. Black’s projection theory. Based upon the functions of figurative-expressive means of the language their role is confirmed in creation connotation meaning and the way this meaning influences the semantics of a word or expression. Practical implications. The study can add to the currently available information in the sphere of cognitive linguistics, text stylistics, functional anglistics. The proposed method of updating the biblical language picture of the world can be applied in the researches of other English language translations of the Bible, the Quran and the Torah in the comparative and diachronic aspects.

The article considers adjectival neologisms of V. Tokareva, through which the author verbalizes her attitude and aesthetic views. The paper presents a typology of such neologisms considering the ways of word formation and derivation formants. It is noted that the predominantly words, created according to productive word-formation models have clear meaning shown in their structure. The authors note that prefixes sub-, super- and suffixes -ovat-, -sk-, n- are the most productive ones. Among active prepositional formants are super-, semi-. The specific feature of V. Tokareva’s prose is the use of grammar forms. The article also identifies and analyzes structural, semantic, and functional features of neologisms. Special attention is drawn to the subjects and objects of reality receiving non-standard definitions.

The article is devoted to the interrelation of a word connotation and its dictionary stylistic label. In such a way, the nature of stylistic labels is revealed when lexis carries additional stylistic information in the certain situational context. The understanding of stylistic meanings as connotative promotes interpre-tation of the phenomena relating to the different parts of the language structure. The significance of a lexical unit connotative structure analysis lies in the fact that words may change their stylistic nature depending on certain contextual conditions. The article discusses the possibilities of the style-connotation correlation, suggests the comparative analysis of stylistic labels in English and German lexicography on material of the English and German press (1995 English and 2000 German contexts). One of the essential ways to present vocabulary as a system is a lexicographical interpretation of a word. Concentrated in the form of notes lexicographical information allows represent complicated and many-sided picture of a lexeme not only in a dictionary but also in speech.

The re-mythologizing of modern culture, that is the return of archaic myths and professional mythmaking to arts, politics, advertising and mass communications, transferred the academic problem of myth to the category of topical issues. To study this “new” mythological consciousness, it is essential to know the structure of classical myth. This article will examine a theoretical perspective on the problem of myth and the mythical - the concept of myth in relation to language proposed by the French philosopher and literary critic Roland Barthes. Special subject of this article - the relation of the modern myth and language, similarity and distinction of archaic mythological and the modern mythologized mass thinking.

Thisarticledescribesthe namesof representativesof differentsocialstrata, whichacquiremetaphoricalcharacterisingmeaningsаристократ (Eng. aristocrat), барин (Eng. barin, gentleman) andбуржуа (Eng. bourgeois). The author analyses semantic interpretations of the direct and figurative meanings of these units in dictionaries, examining personal, abstract nouns, and adjectives. Referring to the Russian National Corpus, she demonstrates how the characterising meaning of adjectives and abstract nouns comes to the fore. The figurative meanings of the derivatives of the Russian words аристократ (Eng. aristocrat), барин (Eng. barin, gentleman) and буржуа (Eng. bourgeois) are formed differently. Among the derivatives of аристократ, only the figurative meaning of the noun bears a negative connotation but not the corresponding adjective or abstract noun. Among the derivatives of the word барин, the figurative meanings of all the three units have negative connotations: the personal noun, the adjective and the abstract noun. In the third group of the буржуа derivatives, there appears the noun буржуй. The use of the adjective буржуазный (Eng. bourgeois) demonstrates a change in connotations throughout time. During the Soviet era, the adjective was used with an ideologically negative colouring, and during the post-Soviet era one can notice a positive connotation. In the early 21st century, the noun буржуазность has both positive and negative connotations though originally it appears to have been a negative one.

In the article are found out a place and a role of a political myth in a modern political reality. The author analyzes mutual relations of political ideology, a political myth and archaic mythology, reconstructs the basic lines of a modern political myth. In the conclusion the question of an archetype of the hero as a basis for construction modern political leaders public images is considered.

The article is devoted to some functional and semantic peculiarities and combinability of a group of English adjectives. The author analyzes the synonymic line of English adjectives with the meaning “fat”. There are considered the peculiarities of semantics, functioning, combinability of the English adjective “fat” and its synonyms.

The article considers problems of dictionary composing, and specific character of translation linguistic and cultural units and their differential semantic.

The paper deals with the problem of nonce-word meaning. Nonce-word is analyzed as a semiotic unit which possesses significant, denotative and pragmatic meaning. The correlation between different meanings is considered. The particular attention is devoted to denotative and connotative content of nonce-words: we research the causes of pragmatic information in unusual word, grammatical and semantic manners of its actualization and the interaction between denotative and connotative meaning of the word.

The article deals with the problem of arabic Islamic words usage in Russian and English news stories in the context of their actualization and linguacultural aspects of their translation.

In the article are found out a place and a role of a political myth in a modern political reality. The author analyzes mutual relations of political ideology, a political myth and archaic mythology, reconstructs the basic lines of a modern political myth. In the conclusion the question of an archetype of the hero as a basis for construction modern political leaders public images is considered.

The article considers questions of teaching lexicon as an object to be described and studied in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The role and place of an ethnic and cultural component are defined in intercultural communication. In addition, lexical differences between Russian and French languages caused by different national cultures are analyzed.

The article is dedicated to the comparative semantic study of Spanish and Russian languages based on the example of ornithonym paloma/palomo and голубь/голубка. The authors' reflections are illustrated by numerous examples from literature, songs and newspapers in Spanish and Russian languages.

The article describes the sources of formation of lexical items belonging to the «Family» lexico-semantic field in the French language of sub-Saharan Africa.