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İlk fetihler sırasında İslam, farklı kültür ve inançtan halkların yasadığı coğrafyalara tasındı. Buralarda ortak İslam kimliği yaratılmakla birlikte, zamanla dinin Hicaz merkezli yorumundan farklı anlayıslar ortaya çıkmaya basladı. Bu anlayıslar daha çok Türk ve İran coğrafyasında ortaya çıkan entelijansiyanın kendilerini ifade etme imkânı buldukları Mu’tezile ve Hanefîlik gibi mezhepler tarafından gelistirildi. Bu mezheplerin Hicaz ekolünden farklılığı milliyet temelinden daha çok zihniyet temelinde kendini gösterdiğinden, bu olguyu Entelektüel Milliyetçilik olarak adlandırmak daha uygun görünmektedir. Bu çerçevede elinizdeki yazı, İslam’ın ilk döneminde, İslam’a yeni katılan coğrafyaların Araplara tepkisi olarak mezhepleri Entelektüel Milliyetçilik çerçevesine alarak analiz etmekte ve özellikle Hanefîliğin bu açıdan yapısal tahlilini yapmaktadır.

Globalisin is an emerging sensibility of our post-modern, post-industrial era. It is the determining characteristics of world affairs in an integrated global marketplace whose lingua if anca is the language of the Internet. Within this emerging power the world’s greater and lesser political entities (countries, city-states), religions and traditions now meet in the large, but also in the small of interpersonal acts and interactions in many regions and most cities of the world. Through developments in communication we now form an increasingly cosmopolitan population which meets frequently in actual interaction and in the global virtual reality. Within this context the world’s greatest gathering traditions and ideas are exchanging and changing. West meets East as South affects North. Western (Judeo-Christian-Islamic), Confucian, Buddhistic, Amerindian, African concepts express themselves in politics, in ecology, in economics, in intellectual exchanges and critiques which affect us in myriad ways. In some contexts these ideas expand and enlarge all our thinking. In others, they seem to conflict and compete as each of the large traditions. With its advantages and drawback this process is still pregnant for the future. It is beyond doubt that this process is mostly challenging for the traditional religions (not for New Age ones), as the space, time, unified people they were accustomed to addressing in the ongoing process to date are now under many attacks and they have to develop new means of protecting their adherens on the one hand and of developing them on the other

The crusades encompass so many factors that attempts to treat them as colonialism, papal hegemony theory loot theory etc. Historians from the Near East and non-European countries once saw the crusades as the first emergence of a cyclical European colonialism which would lead to Columbus, the British empire, and the partitioning of the globe following World War Two. Without doubt, the crusades were wars of expansion window-dressed with religion. These invasion had perennial effect both in Muslim and in Christian Worlds. Through these clashes the West had recognized a totaly alien world with its developed cultured and accordingly in this period transferred much to its homeland. On the contrary, Muslim world seems to have developed an introversion and thus have fossilized its main stream. It is not an exaggeration to claim that invasion of Bağdat by Mongols and that of Muslim land by Crusaders are among the main reasons to account for its underdevelopment