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The paper considers the problems of physical modification of starch products and other food ingredients. The main trends and directions of innovative activity characteristic of the ingredient market have been described. As a result of the experiments, a method for modifying starches, starch products and complex food additives has been developed to improve their microbiological, physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics. It has been proven that when exposed to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 7–10 microns on a layer of a product 1 cm thick for 1 minute, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in such a product is reduced to zero. At the same time, the mass fraction of reducing substances as a result of such treatment more than doubles, which indicates the occurrence of the dextrinization process. It is possible to process both starch products that act as carriers in complex mixtures and ready-made additives after completion of the mixing process. The mass fraction of moisture during infrared processing decreases by less than 1 % for maltodextrins and by less than 2 % for complex food additives, which characterizes the resulting technological losses as acceptable. Changing the granulometric composition of complex additives under the influence of infrared radiation improves the flowability of the product, increases the uniformity of distribution of flavoring substances over the surface of the carrier, which in turn makes it possible to reduce the dosage of complex additives in the manufacture of meat and confectionery products. Based on the results obtained, technological diagrams have been developed and described showing the production process step by step, indicating all significant parameters.

The article is devoted to autoreferentiality in Molière’s comedies, namely, his selfquoting. It is found in plays of a theoretical nature — Critique of the School for Wives (1663) and The Versailles Impromptu (1663). These comedies were the playwright’s response to the so-called Dispute over the School for Wives (1662). Cases of selfquoting are considered in the context of the aesthetic and ethical claims that were put forward by Moliere’s opponents, and also his idea of laughter, the comic potential of images, and the peculiarities of stage language. The article argues that self-citations are metatheatrical since they reflect Molière’s reflection on the tasks of comedy. The analysis of self-quoting is carried out taking into account the most authoritative translations of the three plays into Russian (they were performed by eight translators in total), included in the Complete Works of Molière, published in the 20th century. The research shows that in Russian translations, the author’s self-quotations are not always preserved; the translations also contain semantic inaccuracies due to the differences in cultural context. It inevitably influences the understanding of Molière’s plays. The largest number of discrepancies is contained in pre-revolutionary publications. From the point of view of recognizability of self-quoting, the translations of the Soviet period seem to be more successful. The study shows the importance of self-quoting in Molière’s plays and testifies to the need for new Complete Works in which all the elements of autoreferentiality will be made clear to the Russian reader and commented on.

The article presents the results of a clinical investigation on the administration of the Grippol Quadrivalent vaccine (influenza tetravalent inactivated subunit adjuvant vaccine) in children from 6 months to 5 years old. The vaccine has demonstrated no less effectiveness in comparison with the Grippol plus vaccine (influenza trivalent inactivated polymer-subunit vaccine).comparable results were obtained for all evaluated indicators of immunological efficacy against matching strains of the influenza virus, while for additional strain B (Yamagata line) there was a statistically significant difference in the increase in the immune response in the Grippol Quadrivalent group. The results of the assessment of the reactogenicity and frequency of systemic adverse events indicated a favorable and comparable safety profile of the vaccines Grippol Quadrivalent and Grippol plus in children from 6 months to 5 years old. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that the immunological efficacy of the Grippol Quadrivalent vaccine is no less when compared to the Grippol plus vaccine, as well as a comparable safety and reactogenicity profile. According to the results of the clinical investigation, on 08/04/2023, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation amended the “Instructions for the medical use of the drug”: Grippol Quadrivalent is indicated for children from the age of 6 months.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to understand how music teachers perceive and diagnose gifted children in teaching music, what are the psychological and pedagogical features of teaching music in groups of children with different creative potential, and what psychological and pedagogical support is needed for students. To promote creativity in the music classroom, teachers need to acquire knowledge about creativity as a concept in general and in the music field in order to create situations in which students can build creative abilities and gradually develop their creativity. Creative potential in the process of teaching music should be formed taking into account children’s psychological and pedagogical characteristics in the group at different levels of its formation. Psychological diagnostics involves the selection of tools and technologies that activate the formation and development of emotional intelligence in groups of children with different creative potential in the process of teaching music. Forming the level of students’ giftedness is proposed as a new dimension of creative pedagogical knowledge for teaching music. And psychological and pedagogical support for students is an important element in the development of emotional intelligence in groups of children with different creative potential in the process of teaching music. Methodology. The basis of the research is formed by subject-activity and humanistic approaches with the implementation of psychodiagnostic and theoretical methods (analysis, comparison, generalization), methods of structural data analysis. Results. The results of the study make it possible to diagnose the level of emotional intelligence in groups of children with different creative potential in the process of teaching music, and teachers’ recommendations allow to improve the training program, taking into account psychological and pedagogical support to increase the effectiveness of this process. Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of general and professional education for diagnosing children with different creative potential, the creation and development of emotional intelligence, psychological and pedagogical support and psychological counseling.

The article deals with translation strategies implemented in English-Ukrainian rendering of dualnumber quantifiers ‘both,’ ‘either,’ ‘neither’ that occur in modern fantasy fiction. The study aims to identify local and global translation strategies and methods of their adequate rendering at the post-translation stage of generalizing the translator’s experience. The research objectives are: 1) to compile a complete register of the lexemes under investigation based on J.K. Rowling’s “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban” and its authorized Ukrainian translation produced by V. Morozov.; 2) to determine their semantic and functional characteristics and direct translation equivalents; 3) to identify their semantic roles and syntactic functions in the source text; 4) to specify the types of grammatical shifts and methods of their rendering into Ukrainian; 5) to identify and analyze the translation strategies applied by the translator to reach equivalence and adequacy of translation. The research material comprises 96 dual-number quantifiers used in the original text and their translations in the corresponding Ukrainian text fragments. In the course of the study, the following methods were employed: 1) entire sampling to compile a register of the lexemes and accomplish the source and target text levelling; 2) dictionary entries’ analysis to establish the lexical-semantic and functional properties of the quantifiers and their direct Ukrainian translation equivalents; 3) contextual analysis and immediate constituents’ analysis to identify their semantic roles and syntactic functions in the source text; 4) comparative-contrastive translation transformational analysis to specify the translation methods and types of grammatical shifts applied in their rendering; 5) to identify and analyze the translation strategies implemented by the translator; 6) quantity calculations to determine the frequencies of the analyzed phenomena. As a result, based on dictionary entries’ analysis, the main functional-semantic classes of the quantifiers have been found to be the determiner, pronoun, conjunction and pronominal adverb. By means of immediate constituents’ and contextual analysis, 17 pure and blended semantic roles of the lexemes’ referents in ‘state of affairs’ situations have been identified, the most frequent being the agent (36.4%), locative (14.6%) and experiencer (11.4%). By way of sentence parsing, 19 combinations of the semantic roles and syntactic functions have been established, the most frequent one being the agent subject (37.5%), the others showing frequencies around 10%. With the aid of translation transformational analysis, the most common methods of rendering the dual-number quantifiers into Ukrainian have been found to be omission (62.5%), equivalent (literal) translation (21.9%) and lexical substitution (15.6%). Correspondingly, the main translation strategies, including ST-oriented and TToriented ones, have been proved to be 1) communicative translation (68.8%) by omission with emphasis decrease, related and unrelated-word paraphrase, clause/sentence structure change and explicitness decrease, and by equivalent with emphasis change and clause/sentence structure change and/or addition; 2) literal translation (15.6%) including direct translation (4.2%) by pure equivalent and oblique translation (11.4%) by blended equivalent. i.e. with emphasis change and/or clause/sentence change; 3) semantic translation (15.6%) involving synonymy, emphasis change, phrase structure change, modulation, clause/ sentence structure change and explicitness decrease, 4) domestication (100%) incorporated in the above three strategies, all applied to ensure equivalence and adequacy of the translation.

Introduction. One of the important problems that arise in the process of translation from Russian into German is the adequate transmission of prepositions as connecting links of individual members of a sentence or entire independent constructions. There are a fairly large number of prepositions in modern German that differ from each other in their structure, using of cases, number of meanings and style of use. The object of this study is the preposition ради and methods of its translation to the German. Purpose of the study: to reveal the lexical-semantic and stylistic features of the preposition ради and determine its equivalents in German. The following methods were used during the study, i.e., the analytical one, classification, comparison, observations, descriptions. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the preposition of the Russian language ради can also act as a postposition. It finds many equivalents in German: für, wegen, aus Gründen, meinetwegen, deinetwegen, zuliebe, seinetwillen, zugunsten, zwecks. The choice of the German equivalent depends on the lexical-semantic meaning of the preposition, text style, communication goals. Research materials can be used in the process of mastering the German language, in practical classes in oral speech, as well as in lexicology and translation studies.

The article is a comparison of diminutives and functionally similar lexical units in Serbian and Russian languages (hereinafter SL and RL). Crosslinguistic lexical comparison is conducted as a preparation for a large bilingual Serbian-Russian dictionary, which is a part of the project on comparative lexicology and lexicography. The article deals with the lexico-semantic category, which in the SL consists of the two subcategories, diminutives and terms of endearment, while in the Russian linguistic tradition it is united under the name diminutives. Lexical units of this group consist of motivated derivatives formed by affixation with a common primary semantics of diminution in relation to the norm. In terms of grammar, this group consists mainly of nouns, followed by adjectives and adverbs, as well as diminutive verbs in Serbian. The analysis of lexical items beginning with the letters A and B with qualifiers дем. ‘diminutives’, хип. ‘a term of endearment’ or у дем. значењу ‘in diminutive meaning’ from the one-volume Dictionary of the Serbian Language of Matica Srpska (2018), as well as their potential equivalents in the RL, apart from classification differences, reveals a number of inconsistencies at the level of functions and pragmatics of the units in SL and RL, which make their lexicographic representation difficult. Although the frequency of diminutives is higher in RL, the formal equivalent of the SL derivative is sometimes expressed through a synonym (a synonym of the derivative word is searched for and its diminutive form is built), a hyperonym or a syntagm. In the Russian part of the dictionary, the difference between meanings of diminutives and terms of endearment may be neutralized, since Russian derivatives carry a whole paradigm of potential connotations, which are actualized only in communicative situations. Not all communicative situations coincide with those in SL - for example, in RL the use of diminutives in polite communication is known. The lexicographic problem lies not only in finding a suitable congruent form, but also in the fact that by identifying lexemes in the dictionary one can impose on the Serbian lexeme connotations from RL that it did not possess in SL. An additional difficulty of semantics is related to the adequacy of interpretation of diminutives in SL formed from polysemantic words. Namely, it is not always obvious whether “diminution” refers to one of several separated meanings or to all meanings, because there is no qualifier referring to it, there is no illustration of usage, and the electronic corpus of SL does not provide an adequate number of usage examples. The paper also describes the problem of possible narrowing of the meaning of a lexeme. Finally, the stylistic status of the units is unequal: in RL derivatives with diminutives and / or meaning of subjective evaluation belong mainly to the verbal and colloquial style (and are limitedly recorded in dictionaries), while in SL diminutives are “accepted” in the language and dictionary, which means that they demonstrate a higher degree of lexicalization. The problem of representing diminutives and other lexical structures in a bilingual dictionary should be considered on a broader linguistic material and at the level of the methodology of bilingual lexicography.

Objective. To analyze the radiation doses to patients during spinal decompression and stabilization surgery under optical CT navigation and fluoroscopy. Material and Methods. Study design: retrospective cohort study. The sample consisted of 164 patients who underwent transpedicular fixation of the spine performed by percutaneous or open techniques. In the O-arm group (n = 109), cone-beam CT combined with optical navigation was used; in the C-arm group, fluoroscopy (n = 55) was used. The effective dose equivalent (EDE) and the maximum absorbed dose (MAD) in the skin were evaluated. Results. EDE in the O-arm group was Me 9.1 mSv, [IQR: 7.1–11.6], and in the C-arm group –Me 1.8 mSv [IQR: 1.8–5.6], p < 0.0001. Maximum absorbed dose in the skin in the O-arm group was Me 49.3 mGy [IQR: 27.0–96.9], and in the C-arm group – Me 36.1 mGy [IQR: 16.6–111.5], p = 0.424. Conclusion. The use of CT navigation and fluoroscopy during pedicle screw fixation of the spine is not associated with the risk of developing deterministic effects. The use of intraoperative CT navigation during pedicle screw fixation is associated with a greater patient EDE compared with that of fluoroscopy (p < 0.05). Differences in EDE received by patients undergoing open and percutaneous techniques of pedicle screw fixation are statistically insignificant, regardless of the type of beam guidance and the number of fixation levels. The number of intraoperative CT scans is proportional to the patient EDE (p = 0.018).

This study aims to investigate talent retention in the Nigeria Banking Sector using Wema Bank Plc. as a case study. To achieve this aim, the primary source of data was employed to collect data from respondents. Specifically, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data from nine (9) employees at Wema Bank. Data retrieved were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings from the semi-structured interview showed that factors such as poor remuneration, non-flexibility in work arrangements, poor performance management process, increased workload, and increased stress levels are responsible for the increased rate of talent turnover in Nigeria Banks. In addition, it was discovered that the increased turnover rate caused by the identified factors had been the cause of poor service delivery of banks, especially in areas such as Internet banking and mobile applications. Furthermore, employee resistance to change, non-commitment of the management team, and budget constraints were identified as challenges causing a hindrance to the implementation of some of the talent retention strategies created by Wema Bank. Thus, based on the findings from the semi-structured interview, training and educating talent, ensuring timely promotion, pay increase in such a way that offers more than competitors within and outside the banking industry, rewarding and recognising talent, implementing flexible work arrangements, and ensuring cross border recruitment, have been found suitable for improving talent retention in Nigerian Banks. Furthermore, the study recommended implementing flexible work arrangement policies and practices to help reduce workload and stress and ensure a healthy work-life balance.

The article examines the origins of the modern right to remain silent and not testify against oneself, which was established in legal discussions among English jurists in the sixteenth century and in the practice of English courts in the seventeenth century. The aim of the article is to analyze the conflict between common and civil law jurists in the late sixteenth century regarding the procedure of ex officio oath-taking, that is, taking an oath due to the prosecutor’s official position. The legal context of the 1580s-1590s, when there was a dispute over the activities of the High Commission, is reviewed. The legal texts under consideration demonstrate a struggle between inquisitorial practices and attempts to make the judicial process (including the church) “properly organized.” Special attention is paid to the position of Robert Bill, a clerk of the Privy Council. The author delves into the arguments Bill presents against ex officio oaths. The analysis of the legal debate allows for a broader understanding of several conflicts: the relationship between church and common law in England after the Reformation and the balance of power between authorities and subjects’ rights.

Corporate scandals, the deepening global financial and environmental crisis as well as other societal ills have compelled leaders to rethink leadership styles. Recently benevolent leadership has emerged as a contemporary leadership style with promise to advance business ethics, corporate social responsibility, positive organizational building and workplace spirituality. Guided by quantitative research methodology, with a cross-sectional survey research design, 314 leaders were recruited across South Africa, to investigate the characteristics of benevolent leaders and how their leadership style influenced organizational performance. The study found a high level of benevolent leadership qualities and characteristics, amongst the sample, which consequently influenced their organizational performance in the areas of employee morale, productivity and corporate social responsibility.

ANNOTATION: Introduction. This article presents the outcomes of research investigations examining the impact of carbon nanotube additives on the phase composition of cement mortars employed in well cementing operations. The quality of work on cementing and ensuring the impermeability of the casing string is quite important in terms of ecological compliance. Research methods. To solve this problem, heavy concrete was modified with a carbon nanoadditive. For research, a cement stone obtained by normalmoisture curing was chosen. Cement mortar CEM III/A32.5H was mixed with tap water for curing, preliminarily stirring a suspension of carbon nanotubes in water solution, a mixture of a water repellent and a hyperplasticizer. To ensure a homogeneous and highly dispersed structure of this suspension, its constituent components were subjected to preliminary dispersion in an ultrasonic field. Results and their discussion. The optimal ratio of carbon nanotubes in the composition of the cement mortar was determined, which amounted to 0.005% of the mass of cement for single-walled carbon nanotubes and 0.0005% for multilayer ones. The process of influence of the selected modifiers on the hydration products and the phase composition of the cement mortar was studied. An additive of complex action, including single-layer carbon nanotubes, was dispersed into solutions of a mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfactants, which made it possible to increase the strength of cement mortars up to 55%. Conclusion. In terms of modification, single-walled carbon nanotubes are the most efficient

The possibility to use the global numerical (NWP) models ICON and GFS/NCEP for We consider the applicability of ICON and GFS/NCEP global numerical atmospheric model data for calculating the snow water equivalent (SWE) in the Selenga River basin located the semiarid zone. SWE was calculated for the cold periods of 2020–2022 based on the empirical methodology previously developed for the Kama River basin and adapted to the semiarid conditions. The main components of the SWE balance that are taken into account in the calculation are atmospheric precipitation (liquid or solid phase), snowmelt, sublimation from the snow surface and precipitation interception by vegetation with subsequent sublimation. The validation of the results was performed for the Russian part of the basin using the data of snow surveys carried out in the second half of the winter of 2021/22. In general, reasonable estimates of the SWE spatial distribution were obtained. While in 2021, both overestimation and underestimation by 1–15 mm (20–50%) of the calculated SWE was observed at different sites compared to the measurements, in 2022, its systematic underestimation was observed, especially significant in calculations using the ICON model data. In the steppe zone, SWE is significantly underestimated, which may be due to overestimation of the intensity of sublimation from the snow surface. The comparison of these results with the ERA5-Land reanalysis data and MODIS satellite images showed that the ERA5-Land reanalysis significantly overestimates the SWE and the snow cover area. The simulation results based on the GFS/NCEP and ICON models underestimated the snow cover area in 2022 and reproduced well in 2021, which correlates with the results of the SWE calculation.

Objective: to develop a mathematical model for calculating the normative, actual and deficit values in twenty–foot equivalent (hereinafter referred to as DFE) in a given container train (hereinafter referred to as KP), to formulate an algorithm for calculating DFE in KP. Methods: calculations using the Excel software environment were used in the segment of calculating the occupancy rate of a container train in the TEU, the percentage of occupancy compared to the standard value of the TEU. Research results: based on the results of the work, a methodology for calculating the DFE in the KP was formulated, a mathematical model for calculating the twenty-foot equivalent of a given container train was developed. Practical significance: it has been revealed that a new element in the calculations of the container train parameter should be considered the automatic calculation of the values of DFE (normative, actual, deficit values) for the entire container train (and not on a separate platform car) with the display of such important parameters as the number of wagons in the composition, the total number of containers loaded on wagons. A step-by-step description of the processes of calculating the DFE of a given composition of KP is performed. As a result of the research, a software product for calculating KP occupancy rates is proposed.

The search for new, effective methods for broadening the genetic polymorphism of the original breeding material remains one of important problems of hybrid maize breeding. Globally, breeding of commercial maize varieties and hybrids is carried out using diploid genotypes, whereas tetraploid sources of initial material and wild relatives of maize are poorly involved in the breeding process. The direct heteroploid crosses between diploid and tetraploid genotypes lead to the formation of weakly fertile or completely sterile triploid hybrids, which are cytologically unstable in subsequent generations. Tetraploid maize (2n=40), as well as some wild relatives with tetraploid genome, such as Zea perennis Hitchk. (2n=40) and Tripsacum dactiloides (L.) L. (2n=72), are attractive to breeders as sources for improving economically valuable traits. The attractiveness of resynthesized diploid lines is explained by the fact that unequal crossing over between homologous chromosomes forming polyvalent associations of chromosomes, more chromosomal rearrangements occur in tetraploids than in diploid genotypes, the chromosomes of which form bivalents. Synthetic tetraploid populations of maize and its tetraploid wild relatives have great potential of variability for improving diploid maize. The authors proposed a direct method for the resynthesis of doubled haploid lines using haploid induction and an indirect method for obtaining diploid lines by heteroploid crossing and subsequent segregation of a triploid hybrid in the progeny. The method of resynthesizing the tetraploid maize genome to diploid serves as an ideal model for studying the processes of crossing over in meiosis between multivalent associations of homologous chromosomes; it is promising for obtaining diploid lines with an increased frequency of recombination between the homologous chromosomes of different genomes, combined into a common one, and can serve as a source for obtaining aneuploid series.

The study offers a developed algorithm, aimed to observe cognitive-communicative syntactic specifiers based on recursive comparison in the process of computer-aided translation of statements in agglutinating languages. The key method that enables fast and adequate search for translation equivalent in the languages with different structures is the multilevel recursive comparison of interim forms with dictionary equivalents, as well with contextual matches within the frameworks of prospective modelling in the course of an invariant thesaurus development according to dynamic complicated codes. The combination of cognitive-semantic and semantemic-morphological parallel comparison with spiral references will make it possible to create not only an equivalent version of the target text that meets the requirements of lexico-morphological correctness, but also to ensure the transfer of cognitive and consituational elements of the original utterance. The inclusion of cognitive-communicative syntactic samples in the recursive comparison algorithm during automatic processing of the utterance, as the final stage of generating the target utterance, is designed to solve the problem of polysemic, synonymous and homonymous barriers that arise at the stage of generating the target text. The described automated analysis algorithm is demonstrated on the utterances in languages with different structures (Turkish, Russian and English). The article also provides examples of the interaction of the invariant thesaurus of commonly used constructions with variant correspondences while connecting recursive comparison with elements of cognitive-communicative syntax.

The paper proposes viewing intralinguistic factors inherent in the source and target languages as strictly given organized systems, being effective means in recreating the original’s various stylistic peculiarities in its translated version and in attaining its stylistic equivalence. The detailed analysis of the factual material, represented in the form of parallel textual excerpts borrowed from an American satirical novel and its published translation incorporating stylistically marked lexical units, is carried out on the basis of their resemblance erroneously established by the translator, which proved to be far from the equivalent one. The analyzed examples of translational means and transformations aimed at stylistic adequacy are grouped according to intralinguistic units, as well as a specific stylistic instrument used in the original or in the translation such as combinatorial discrepancy, pun, alliteration, lexical repetition. Apart from purely stylistic aspects, the authors also consider accompanying semantic and specific national features of the original – either erroneously understood and therefore inadequately translated or absent in the translation. All this taken as a whole, and the distortion of the stylistic coloring of the original first and foremost, cast doubt on the plausibility of the described situations and the characters’ speech characteristics, inevitably resulting in inadequate translation. In the accompanying commentaries the unsuccessful variants are opposed by the authors’ own stylistic equivalents that could have been attained with the help of the translational means and transformations based, among others, on the intralinguistic factors, showing the capacity to solve translational tasks to successfully render the stylistic peculiarities of the original.

The aim of the article is to present the terms concerning a roe‑deer used by hunters in the 21st century. There were discussed the names of spices living in Poland and living in Russia, names specifying the sex of the animal and names of its offspring. Semantic comparison research of each term began with an analysis of its meaning in the dictionaries of the hunting language. The frequency of their occurrence was checked as well as the accuracy of definitions in all sources was compared. The sources were dictionaries of hunting language, manuals for hunters and internet sources as well. The results of the research indicated a discrepancy in definitions mostly in manuals for hunters. In Russian sources there were less professional terms than in Polish sources.

This work was born from the need to bring to the fore the urgent need to have at the department, for this purely vocational art, honest, talented, mature, creative, humorous teachers with a minimum of 5-10 years of career behind them, from which to share their experiences with the students. The obligation to have such teachers comes against the background of a superficiality that has been insinuated in almost all artistic fields. Today’s neo-modernists (the euphemistic form of neo-Marxists) are able to completely erase the history of an art in order to claim that they are the new founders and to show us the versatility and incoherence of the past. To erase the Greek theater, to forget the commedia dell’arte, to omit Shakespeare, to elude the amazing Russians, to forget the controversial creators of the absurd, to revoke Caragiale or to cancel the comic, and to say that a collection of definitions and information, strictly related to statistics, in a text cannot be called a play, that’s it the atricide.

In this paper, we investigate some sufficient conditions for the normalized Rabotnov function to be in certain subclasses of analytic and univalent functions. The usefulness of the results is depicted by some corollaries and examples.

The purpose of this study is to describe the language situation of the French-speaking countries in connection with the massive spread of Anglo-Americanisms and their influence on the current state of the modern French language. The research material covers 186 Anglo-American borrowings extracted from articles published and videos posted in French and Canadian periodicals, websites and forums. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: the method of continuous sampling of the material, descriptive and comparative methods of the selected material analysis, comparative analysis of dictionary definitions, the method of contextual analysis, as well as the method of statistical data analysis. The results of the study showed that, penetrating into the French language, Anglo-Americanisms undergo lexical, morphological, graphic, syntactic and semantic assimilation in the recipient language. Lexical assimilation, in which Anglicisms are used by native French speakers without adaptation to its language system, is the most frequent phenomenon. The results of an online survey of native French speakers confirmed the following fact: a number of lexically assimilated Anglo-Americanisms most commonly used in everyday life were identified. The survey also revealed a high percentage of respondents inclined to using this layer of vocabulary in their native French language. The study also provides examples of regulatory documents and the names of some public organizations that counteract the penetration of foreign language vocabulary into the French language. An attempt is made to identify extra- and intra-linguistic factors of the integration of Anglicisms into different spheres of human activity. The authors give examples of parallel use of English borrowings and their French equivalents. In the study, the authors pay attention to the etymology of the term Franglais, give a classification of Anglo-American borrowings, as well as represent the ambiguous views of leading linguists and politicians of the French-speaking space regarding the reasons for the appearance of Franglais and their influence on the purity of the French language.

In the article the results of assessment of the changes in the air temperature, sums of precipitation, and the snow depth in the Arys River basin, which is the right tributary of the Syrdarya River are presented. In the context of global warming, noticeable changes are taking place in mountains, and the risk of hazards associated with snow, glaciers and permafrost is growing. In the upper reaches of the Arys River basin, strong snowmelt-rain floods occur against the backdrop of a thaw. It is necessary to study the climatic factors influencing the state of the mountain cryosphere. Based on the data of ground observations carried out by the Kazakh Hydrometeorological Service at the meteorological stations and according to the data of total precipitation gauges and field snow surveys in the mountains, the changes in the characteristics of the winter period for 1960-2023 are shown. The results of the analysis made it possible to estimate the increase in the average air temperature for the year and the cold period at 0.1°C/10 years. There is a slight increase in the sums of precipitation for November-March. The average snow depth, according to the field snow surveys, has increased by 5-20 cm. Over the past 30 years, the amount of snow-water equivalent has increased compared to the period of 1960-1990 at almost 80-100% of measurement points. The dates of occurrence of the snow cover have shifted towards somewhat earlier start and finish dates. The results of the analysis made it possible to identify changes in the mean multiyear meteorological characteristics over two 30-year periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aims to analyse a contrastive relation between the English indefinite pronoun any and its Serbian equivalents. Beside the simple pronoun any, the study also focuses on how its compounds with other words – nouns (-body, -thing), numerals (-one) and interrogatives (-where) are performed and translated into Serbian. In this sense, the study is result-oriented. In order to reveal the equivalence relevance and equivalence distribution in practice, the analysis was based on a parallel corpus. The source text ʻThe Sense of an Endingʼ by J. Barnes was confronted with the corresponding target text in Serbian ʻOvo liči na krajʼ, to investigate the appropriate forms. Although belonging to different language families, English and Serbian have shown a significant degree of similarities and differences among the elements in scope. Indefinite pronouns are a linguistic universal. Thus they occur systematically in both English and Serbian. Nevertheless, the Serbian pronominal equivalents are not categorised only as indefinites, but they also have a negative (niko, ništa, nikakav), free-choice (neko, nešto, neki) and universal functions26 (svako, bilo koji, bilo kakav). There is rarely any reciprocity in a direct Serbian implication for each English pronoun – an English indefinite pronoun usually has numerous Serbian equivalents. The proportion of the pronominal and non-pronominal (adverbs, particles, prepositional phrases, etc) Serbian equivalents is 2:1. Zero equivalence has appeared to be unexpectedly frequent – predominantly in negative and interrogative contexts. But even when the indefinites are not explicitly translated, due to stylistic and pragmatic differences between the two languages, there is equivalence at a syntactic level. The analysis revealed various equivalents, but they can be roughly brought down to the following: any is mostly omitted in Serbian negatives, and interrogatives, and translated as svaki in affirmatives; anything is translated as ništa in negatives, išta in interroatives and nešto in affirmatives; anyone is translated as niko in negatives, and iko in affirmatives; anybody is translated as bilo ko in affirmatives; anyway is translated as bilo kako bilo in affirmatives; anywhere is translated as ikud in negatives. Such an asymmetry of equivalence shows that there is not obvious and apparent compatibility between English and Serbian indefinite pronouns. The aim of this paper has therefore been to offer a better understanding of the various forms among the corresponding English and Serbian indefinite pronominals, in terms of their practical relevance.

The article presents the results of U-Pb isotope dating (SHRIMP-II, VSEGEI, Saint Petersburg) of zircon crystals extracted from plagiorhyolites of the Monakh Cliff in the area of Cape Fiolent in the western part of the Mountainous Crimea (southern suburb of Sevastopol). a concordant age estimate of 168.3±1.3 Ma was obtained from 20 zircon crystals. It exactly corresponds to the Bajocian/Bathonian boundary of the Middle Jurassic according to the International Chronostratigraphic Chart (February 2022 version). The available results of isotope dating of igneous rocks from the Mountainous Crimea, as well as their geochemical typification are synthesised. The plagiorhyolites of the Monakh Cliff in the area of Cape Fiolent are spatially, and most likely paragenetically, associated with the wallrock (Cape Vinogradny) and ore (Heraclea Plateau on the cognominal peninsula) massive sulphide formations, as well as pillow basalts, gabbroids, and serpentinized hyperbasites, combined into the ophiolite association of Cape Fiolent. The obtained dating is the upper age limit for the entire ophiolite association of Cape Fiolent.

The paper presents the results of comparison of quality indices of brake shoes for railroad rolling stock made of synthetic cast iron smelted in induction furnaces and of composite material which is a vulcanized mixture of rubber and different fillers. Disclosed are the disadvantages of composite brake pads. Defects of the working surface of the railway rolling stock wheels rolling surface caused by the application of composite brake pads made of rubber-asbestos or rubber-asbestos mixture are shown. Parameters of C, Si, Mn, P, S content and carbon equivalent distribution in cast iron used for the production of «M» type brake shoes according to GOST 30249-97 are analysed. It is established that the hardness and fracture strength of pads do not correlate with the content of chemical elements in cast iron and its carbon equivalent. The ranges of C, Si, Mn, P, S distributions in the specified purpose cast iron are much narrower than the allowable limits of these elements specified in GOST 30249–97. Suggestions for improving the standards are given.

The uniqueness of the communicative system of the musical, as a special genre of the musical theater, determines the creative algorithm of the musical artist - a very complicated fundamentally complex phenomenon, which is a trinity of vocal-musical, plastic and acting elements of skill, within which the immanent creative process is carried out. The main professional characteristic of the musical artist’s creative algorithm is the musical-intonational phenomenology of the „birth” of the three artistic languages of the musical - vocal-musical, plastic and acting. The presence of partial abilities is a determining factor in the artist’s choice of professional genre specialization. The partial trinity of the artistic languages of the musical can manifest itself professionally only on the basis of the artist’s musical talent. All the three manifestations of the artistic language of the musical feed on the primary sensory information from the musical material, perceive the information as a musical impression and realize it in sound, plasticity, and acting. The partiality of the musical artist’s talent is determined by the natural synthesis of the acting, vocal-musical and plastic abilities; manifests itself in the professional algorithm of the musical artist and is realized in the immanent creative process, the basic impulse of which is the musical impression.

In this study, we analyzed the accuracy of snow observations at weather stations compared to the data of snow measurements in the vicinity of these stations. Also, the variations of measurement errors were estimated considering the inter-annual snowpack variability and landscape heterogeneity of the river basins. The studies were conducted in three catchments in the south of Western Siberia: forest-steppe the Kasmala River (2011–2020), low mountain the Mayma River (2015–2020), and steppe the Kuchuk River (2019–2020). The results showed that the accuracy of snow measurements at the weather stations was higher in the low mountain catchment than in the plain basins. Interannual differences in precipitation combined with wind transport influenced the most significant errors in the Kasmala catchment (relative error of snow depth on the snow gauge – 46,3%, and SWE on the permanent course – 17,3%). However, in the Mayma catchment, the snow depth measurements on the snow gauge agreed well with the catchment means in all years (mean relative error 7,7%). The relative error of snow depth measurements on the snow gauge in the Kuchuk catchment was 7,5%, and of SWE on the permanent snow course was 19,1%. The small snow depth error occurred due to the composition of the error distribution and large differences between open and forested areas.

The main problem of the development of gifted children, especially the so-called “prodigies”, are the difficulties of turning their increased mental capabilities (potential giftedness) into actual creative abilities (talent). The vividly developed cognitive need in these children most often has a passive character, turning, in fact, only into an “accumulation of knowledge”, and therefore does not become the basis for the development of talent. As the main motivation necessary for the transformation of potential giftedness into talent, a special “searching need” is considered which manifests itself at an early age, but under the influence of society, including school education, it is significantly deformed and does not ensure the development of creative potential. The article considers a new, needs-based and instrumental approach to the development and training of gifted children, which contributes to the preservation and strengthening of the search need, as well as the possibilities and prospects of collecting evidence for its further development and application. The article is intended for psychologists and educators.

The article analyzes the features of comparative phraseological units, which are distinguished by researchers into a separate subclass existing in different languages. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the unquenchable interest in comparative phraseological units from the linguistic point of view and a new perspective of their consideration within the framework of the author's phraseology in works of artistic discourse. The article identifies cognitive mechanisms common to different linguocultures that underlie the structure of comparative phraseological units, as well as national and cultural differences manifesting in semantic variation where there is lexical equivalence of comparative phraseological units in different languages. In this regard, the importance of the culture-oriented and the research approach by the translation of comparative phraseological units is emphasized. A comprehensive analysis of comparative phraseological units as a phraseology phenomenon is necessary for an adequate consideration of their place within the author's phraseology on the basis of selected works of the German-speaking Swiss writer Urs Widmer. Artistic discourse is presented as a literary communicative phenomenon, actualizing linguistic parameters. The selected works are saturated with phraseological units demonstrating examples of language game at the phraseological level, while in quantitative terms, comparative phraseological units make up a small percentage 13 % and 10 %, respectively, of the total volume of phraseological units in two texts. It is noted that not all comparative phraseological units used by Widmer are recorded in dictionaries. The author of the article assigns them to this subclass not only due to the presence of formal signs (structure, idiomaticity), but also on the basis of the corpus approach, which reveals enough evidence of the prevalence of comparative phraseological units in the language. Among the methods used, it is also necessary to note content analysis and a comparative approach, which enables to draw parallels between different languages (between German, Russian and English). It is stated that in spite of all the expressiveness of comparative phraseological units, their rigid logical structure limits the game potential and excludes them from the language game, which the author implements in the works selected for analysis.

The main problem of gifted children is the "transition" of their increased intellectual capabilities into talent, as the basis of creative activity, or, in another formulation, the transformation of children's giftedness into an actual talent. Analysis of available materials shows that the cognitive need of a significant part of these children takes the character of passive accumulation of a large amount of knowledge and therefore becomes an obstacle to such a transition. The search need is considered to be a basic factor, which is the "engine" of the creative realization of a gifted person, which ensures the search for new solutions and ways of action in contradictory and uncertain situations for the subject, and, thus, becomes the basis of his talent, future creative achievements. It is shown that in a number of gifted children and, above all, in the so-called "prodigies" the need for search is early and very significantly deformed, which in most cases is directly related to social influences. The article deals with the causes and consequences of a significant deformation of the search need in gifted children.

The subject of research in the article is a stochastic model of quasi-stationary modes of operation of water supply and distribution systems, which adequately describes the actual operating modes of the water supply system for a given time interval and can be used as a basic model for setting and solving problems of optimal stochastic control of the development and operation of supply and distribution systems. water. The goal of the work is to develop a method for calculating estimates of the dispersions of dependent variables depending on the given values of mathematical expectations and dispersions of independent variables for a stochastic model of quasi-stationary modes of operation of the main water conduit as a subsystem of the water supply and distribution system. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to build a deterministic equivalent of a stochastic model of quasi-stationary modes of operation of the main water conduit; calculate estimates of mathematical expectations of dependent variables; calculate estimates of variances of dependent variables. To calculate estimates of the variances of dependent variables depending on the variances of independent variables, we will use the method of statistical linearization. To obtain estimates of mathematical expectations of dependent variables, the deterministic equivalent of the stochastic model of quasi-stationary modes of operation of the main water conduit is solved by the modified Newton method. The following results are obtained: a method for calculating estimates of the dispersions of dependent variables for a stochastic model of quasi-stationary modes of operation of the main water conduit. Conclusions: the paper proposes an approximate method for calculating the statistical properties of dependent variables depending on the statistical properties of the parameters and independent variables of the stochastic model of quasi-stationary modes of operation of the main water conduit. The proposed method is based on the construction of a deterministic equivalent of a stochastic model of quasi-stationary modes of operation of the main water conduit and its use for calculating estimates of variances of dependent variables depending on the given values of mathematical expectations and variances of independent variables. Compared with the simulation method, the proposed approximate method does not require significant time and computational resources. The use of the proposed method was demonstrated by an example.

Résumé: Dans cet article, nous traitons l'interprétation du symbole de l'auteur et le problème de sa traduction en russe. Sur l'exemple du poème de Njegos Une nuit plus précieuse qu'un siècle nous avons présenté l'algorithme de la procédure de traduction pour déchiffrer la sémantique complexe du symbole de l'auteur, ainsi que la procédure pour trouver son correspondant de traduction en langue russe. L'analyse part du point de vue de la traductologie, de la linguistique et de la littérature moderne, et prend en compte les données pertinentes de l'étude des chefs-d'œuvre de Njegos, en tant que science intradisciplinaire. Afin d'éclairer la nature complexe du symbole en tant que signe linguistique et sa fonction dans le texte littéraire, ainsi que la possibilité de sa traduction en russe, diverses méthodes sont appliquées: analyse contrastive, étymologique, interprétative en synchronie et diachronie. L'analyse menée montre l'importance de rechercher des symboles sous divers aspects, en partant du niveau linguistique le plus bas dans la langue source, en passant par le littéraire – dans le style de l'époque et l'idiosyncrasie de l'écrivain et en terminant par l'approche translatologique interlingue. Cette interprétation multiforme contribue à résoudre la sémantique du symbole et à trouver son correspondant traductionnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the discussion of the carbohydrate component of infant formula for feeding healthy and sick children. The role of glycemic and non-glycemic carbohydrates is shown. In addition to lactose, the following glycemic carbohydrates can be used in infant formulas: maltose, sucrose, glucose, glucose syrup, maltodextrins, pretreated starch and gelatinized starch. Resistant oligosaccharides, nonstarch polysaccharides, and resistant modified starches are also used in child nutrition. The composition and amount of lactose, the main carbohydrate of women’s milk, is discussed. The article presents data on the role of galactose, which is conditionally essential for children in the first months of life due to the rapid growth rate of the infant. Information is presented on the lactose breakdown, the importance of enzymes in the digestion and assimilation processes, the prebiotic effects of lactose, and its effect on the absorption of calcium and other minerals. Advantages of lactose include its low glycemic index, as well as its reduced sweetness, which affects the proper development of taste and low risk of dental caries compared to other fermentable sugars. Specific requirements for the carbohydrate composition of low-lactose and lactose-free formulas are discussed because of the often unwarranted increase in the frequency of their use. Evidence is presented using the Cochrane Systematic Review (2018) that reducing or eliminating lactose from infant formulas in infants with infantile colic is not always appropriate. Special low-lactose and lactose-free formulas replace lactose with glucose polymers such as maltodextrin, glucose syrup, and solid glucose syrup, which are produced by hydrolyzing starches (corn, rice, or potato). The article discusses the data on the effect of maltodextrin on the state of the intestinal mucosa, the microbiota of the large intestine and the possible role of this ingredient in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. The results of various studies regarding the effect of maltodextrin on the intestinal microbiota are contradictory. However, special low-lactose or lactose-free products are prescribed in the presence of symptoms of lactase deficiency in an artificially fed baby. It is a major mistake to prescribe lactose-free mixtures on the basis of intact protein or partially hydrolysed ones for secondary lactase deficiency caused by an allergy to cow’s milk proteins. The carbohydrate component of Friso therapeutic hydrolysates contains no maltodextrin, and lactose is partially or completely replaced with glucose syrup.

The study is devoted to the ways of translating the Russian language-specific unit “toska” into English. A comparative semantic analysis of this unit and its three most frequent English equivalents: “anguish”, “misery”, “yearning” has been carried out. The Russian-English subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language has been used to compare the ways of translating lexeme “toska” in fiction. The conclusions are drawn that only in their totality English translation equivalents can be used to convey all the meanings of the ethnically marked concept “toska" into the English language culture.

Samosdelka settlement in the Volga delta is the archaeological remains of the city of Saqsin. Common finds for this area are lead ingots, both individual and in the form of hoards. Some of the ingots have a correct geometric shape, some imitate certain objects, while others are shapeless, and there are also many ingot pieces. The medieval traveller Abu Hamid al-Garnati, who lived in Saqsin, wrote that the inhabitants of the city used tin ingots in trade. It is likely that he actually meant lead, since in medieval alchemy, lead and tin are identical. The material of the largest hoard of lead products from a semi-dugout of the 12th century with a total weight of 412.328 kg has allowed to identify individual categories of the ingots. A certain relationship has been traced with the measures of weight widespread in the medieval East. In this case, it should be stated that a large weight error is in place. Only a small number of ingots fall within certain weight standards. Most of the ingots in hoard treasure are randomly shaped. Only geometrically correct ingots can be subdivided into three groups, which generally correspond to the weight norms of ratl, mann and large Khorezmian mann. These ingots can be conventionally considered exchange equivalents or weights. Small ingots could serve as a means of exchange, or “fractional coins”. The weight and cost correspondence has been established more precisely for original products − gryvna-shaped ingot, trapezoidal weights.

The article deals with three novels by Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen, who is known worldwide as an author of fairy tales. In his novels The Improviser (1835), Only a Fiddler (1837) and Lucky Peer (1870) the main plot is built on the issue of relationships between a creator, an artist and the rest of the world. The theme of art is the one of the most important for the Romantic esthetics and Andersen discusses it in different ways in his novels. Philosopher S. Kierkegaard criticized Andersen’s conception of how a talent interacts with the reality as naive and fictive, but Andersen gives different visions of the artist’s way in these texts. The first novel is the history of an Italian boy who has an outstanding talent of improvisation. He receives assistance from people and eventually becomes a real artist in Romantic sense of the word. The hero of the second novel Christian is partly alter ego of the author, a boy from a poor family who tries to realize his musical talent but has not enough spiritual power to overcome all troubles in his life. He cannot find himself as an artist and dies. The title of the last novel is relevant to its subject — it is a story about the rise of а talented singer and his death on the top of fame. These three heroes are different types of interaction between a creator and reality in its romantic interpretation.

The paper studies the historical and cultural associative meanings of the lexeme BIRCH in the Russian culture and the lexeme BAMBOO in Chinese by analyzing the results of the perception process of these objects, their concepts and images by native speakers of the Russian and Chinese languages. The relevance of the research is due to the growing attention of modern linguistics to comparative cultural studies, including the number of comparative works on the Russian and Chinese languages, the importance of describing linguistic and cultural differences for the development of international economic and cultural relations between China and Russia. The research material involves phraseological units, proverbs, myths, poems and literary works, as well as historical materials, customs and traditions of the two nations. This paper uses research methods such as descriptive, contextual, comparative, the method of component analysis and cognitive modeling. As a result, it was determined that birch occupies a significant place in the Russian culture with the meanings of “motherland”, “mother”, “woman”, “bride”, “girl”. Bamboo in Chinese has only positive connotations, including “unshakable quality”, “spiritual purity”, “humble character”, “high aspirations.” It is concluded that birch as a symbol of Russia is a lacunar concept in the Chinese culture, while bamboo as the personification of a “perfect gentleman” in Chinese has no cultural connotation in Russian. Despite mismatched meanings in two languages, birch and bamboo must be recognized as equivalents in terms of cultural significance and the high frequency of symbolic use in poetry and other precedent texts.

The variability of snow accumulation in the Northern Dvina River basin at the end of March 1980-2016 was studied using data on the snow water equivalent of (SWE) obtained from archives of the Russian Institute of HydroMeteorological Information-World Data Center (RIHMI-WCD) as well as calculated by models of the local heat and moisture exchange SWAP and SPONSOR using the WATCH reanalysis (WFDEI) as input data. A possibility to use the SWE data from these sources to describe long-term variability of the SWE values, including trend, high-frequency component, quasi-decadal fluctuations, and spatial distribution, is evaluated. When describing the structure of the SWE variability, in particular, the contribution of trend and quasi-decadal fluctuations, as well as spatial characteristics, uncertainty remains associated with both the capabilities of the models under consideration and the imperfection of the observation network (insufficient density, measurement errors, etc.). Taking into account these uncertainties, the following conclusions can be made: the SWE variability in the Northern Dvina basin at the end of March has a low-frequency component (trend), as well as high-frequency, two- and five-year quasi-periodicities and quasi-decadal fluctuations. Long-lasting SWE anomalies in 1989–1995 and 1999–2005 and the absolute minimum in 1996 associated with quasi-decadal fluctuations are almost synchronously reflected in spring runoff anomalies. The informativeness of the considered data was also investigated from the point of view of the influence of SWE on the anomalies of the spring runoff of the Northern Dvina. The results of regression estimates and calculations of predictive values point to the advantage of the model SWE data for describing anomalies of spring river discharge compared to observations, which is primarily due to the high resolution of the model data. All the considered data sources indicate a long period of SWE deficits, starting from 2005 – 15-20%. Estimates of trend parameters are in a wide range. Depending on the data source, the rate of the SWE decrease over the basin, can vary from 4 mm per 10 years according to observations and up to 10 mm per 10 years according to calculations using the SPONSOR model.

The article develops the hypothesis that the author of so called Methodius’ Canon to Demetrius of Thessalonici (CD) was Constantine of Preslav (C. P.). It was put forward by B. Mircheva within the theory that the CD contains the unusual Slavic acrostic (Мирчева 2004: 74–76). S. Temchin formulated arguments against this theory that are related to the possibility of the existence of such an acrostic (Темчин 2009: 46–47): however, they do not refute the very hypothesis that C. P. was the author of the CD. Based on the text of the CD, several hypotheses can be formulated that may be useful in further consideration of the attribution of the canon: 1. The author of the CD was a native of Thessaloniki; 2. He was one of the disciples of Methodius who were expelled from Moravia in 886; 3. The emergence of the CD was associated with the his stay in Byzantium. These hypotheses can be correlated with information and assumptions about the life of Konstantin Preslavsky: with the possibility that C. P. came from Greek Macedonia, as well as that he belonged to the expelled Methodius’ disciples that were sold into slavery, ransomed and received in Constantinople. Additional arguments in favor of C. P.’s authorship may be his thorough knowledge of the Greek language and Byzantine religious culture. The intertextual connections of the CD with the work of C. P. need a deeper and more comprehensive study. One such relationship can be seen in the combination of the motif of the Mother of God as a rod from the root of Jesse (Is.11:1) with the motif of expelling the ancestral or sinful stench, present in T/3 of CD, T/8 of the Canon to archistratege Michael of C. P., as well as in T/4 of Canon on Thursday of the 6th week of Lent in his Triodion Canon Cycle. An important evidence could be the motif of wandering through foreign lands as a result of the confrontation with the trilinguals, that can be found in 3/9 of CD and in 3/9 of the Canon on Thursday of the 5th week of Lent in the Triodion Canon Cycle of K. P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Anthroponyms contain valuable insights into the history of ethnic language and culture. The historical aspect of anthroponymy needs further research to reconstruct a wider panorama of the ethnos-specific anthroponymic system. Goals. The article seeks to consider the anthroponymic elements of Khan Ayuka’s letters in comparison with parallel Russian translated equivalents of theirs. Comparison of the Kalmyk and Russian texts makes it possible to trace traditions of naming people in different ethnocultural societies, thus revealing materials for a Kalmyk 18th-century name list. Methods and Materials. The paper analyzes 1714 letters of the Kalmyk Khan Ayuka and their Russian translations (referred to 1714 as well) housed by the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. The personal names considered identified through the use of the continuous sampling method. The main research methods employed are the descriptive and comparative ones, and that of contextual analysis. The analyzed texts contain not only Kalmyk anthroponyms but also ones borrowed from other languages, which resulted from socio-political contacts with different peoples and states. Along with Russian, there are Kazakh, Tatar, Khiva, Turkmen, and other anthroponyms. Still, the article focuses on Kalmyk anthroponymic elements. Conclusions. Anthroponymy of each ethnos in each era has its own characteristics. In this regard, the material contained in the official correspondence of Khan Ayuka restores part of the Kalmyk anthroponymic register typical for the 1700–1720s. Restoration of the name list in diachrony requires both original texts and their Russian translations be used, since anthroponyms mentioned in the original documents and translated texts complement each other, which may indicate regularity, reproducibility of such personal names.

In the dynamic environment of the tourism industry, especially in hotel management, a properly implemented concept of talent management has a significant impact on attracting, hiring, developing, and maintaining outstanding, talented employees in order to develop long-term. The main goal of the article is to determine the role of talent management in the management of contemporary hotels. Based on numerous sources, the authors argue that the approach to talent management in hotels leads to more effective use of human resources and builds a competitive advantage. In the first part of the article, the authors explain the concepts of talent and talent management and highlight the importance of talent management in human resources management. The next part describes the special role of managers in the process of talent management in hotels. Next, the authors present the employment in the hotel industry in EU countries; in the last part of the article they indicate mistakes and challenges related to the talent management in the hotel industry. Challenges in the field of talent management basically apply the entire process, managing the whole talent flow (entry, learning, development, compensation, analysis and evaluation, and exit). One of the biggest challenges in the field of talent management are attracting talented employees and positioning the organization (hotel) as a desirable employer and systematic building and updating the organization’s talent map, with an indication of the strengths and weaknesses of talented employees as well as the possibilities and limitations of their development.

In the new socio-economic conditions of the development of our society, the problem of studying children’s giftedness has become one of the priority research areas. Talent in different areas manifests itself in certain age periods. According to many observations, the talent for museums and fine arts can manifest itself much earlier than the giftedness to other activities. Musical giftedness is one of the special types of giftedness. This can occur in children even in preschool age. Musical talent is characterized by the presence of musicality. We decided to study how vocal and choral activities will influence the development of a child’s musical talent.

Цель статьи связана с выявлением синестетичности в вокально-хоровом творчестве иркутского композитора А.И. Теплякова. Отмечается, что музыкальная одаренность композитора определяется особыми свойствами воздействия синестезии, взаимосвязанной с нарушением у незрячего композитора координации отдельных ощущений сенсорной системы. Решаются задачи, связанные с рассмотрением основных подходов в исследовании вокально-хорового творчества композитора и уровней перспективной синестетической модели сознания А.И. Теплякова. Рассмотрение обнаруженных уровней в перспективной си-нестетической модели сознания А.И. Теплякова позволяет проследить особенности его музыкальной одаренности. На первом уровне в синестетической проективной модели (уровне мышления) происходит компенсация зрительного анализатора на способность к интеллектуальному постижению мира. С творческим подходом и интуицией связывается уровень предмышления. Ретроспективный характер мышления А.И. Теплякова активизируется на уровне «подвалы сознания» (воспоминания), связанном с архетипами личного и коллективного бессознательного. Телесно-перцептивный уровень в перспективной синестетической модели сознания взаимодействует с музыкальным мышлением А.И. Теплякова на основе функционирования общесоматического состояния человека. Метауровень как отражение космического сознания или метафизических образов представлен в творчестве А.И. Теплякова православной верой в Бога, в высшие духовные силы. Результаты анализа дают возможность расширить понимание как указанных синестетических процессов в целом, так и конкретно вокально-хорового творчества А.И. Теплякова.

Introduction. When developing and validating methods of impurity determination, it is important to test the spectral peak purity (SPP) of the main substances using diode array detectors (DAD).Text. It is emphasized that the task of testing SPP is to detect invisible coeluting impurities under the peak of the main substance, and not the control the absolute purity of the peak. SPP testing reduces the risk of getting non enough specific methods. In this regard, we considered the main criteria and key points for assessing the spectral purity of peaks when using computer programs of Agilent's, Shimadzu's, and Waters's chromatographs. Conclusion. Recommendations are given, which should be taken into account for the correct assessment of spectral purity of peaks during development of chromatographic methods and validation of their specificity.

The article considers the activities of pianists accompanying silent cinema. They can be equally related to the history of cinema, the history of music, and piano performance. Musical accompaniment was an important additional means of influencing the viewers and a variable component of the historical film show. This practice is a thing of the past now, along with silent cinema, and attempts to revive it in modern conditions are a mere reconstruction. The author suggests that it was not the invention of technical capabilities for synchronizing sound and images that determined the aesthetic boundary between the silent and sound era; it was the renunciation of pianists as direct musical accompaniment of the films, the removal of the “human factor”. The most authentic materials for studying the activities of illustrator pianists are interviews and archival filming of musicians who had actual experience in silent film scoring. Of the printed sources, photoplay music—sheet music collections for tappers—are very informative. There could be one or many authors to such collections. The article analyzes the photoplay music by John Stepan Zamecnik and Ernö Rapée. The conclusion is that the plays included in one-author collections are distinguished by the simplicity of form, genre definiteness, and recurrence of musical language. By contrast, compiled collections including works from different eras composed by different authors, systematized by themes, are stylistically diverse. Using pieces from photoplay music collections, as well as from popular classical melodies and contemporary dance music, illustrators compiled their “soundtracks”, linking them by composed or improvised parts. As time passed by, “taper culture” revealed its patterns, which later became the basis of cinema music in the sound era and was clearly manifested in the work of Shostakovich. The author draws several parallels between the recommendations of the photoplay music compilers and the artistic practices of filmmakers of the second half of the twentieth century. Speaking about the revival of silent film illustrators as a profession in the modern cultural space, the author emphasizes that piano helps to preserve the artistic integrity of silent pictures for modern viewers. This activity of pianists is interpreted as one of the branches of historically informed performance. The article offers examples of similar specific art projects. In conclusion, it is emphasized that modern cinema, by the way it preserves and reproduces reality, has become a totally technical art. In mass cinema, recordings of live symphony orchestras are being replaced by less expensive computer phonograms. The author sees this as the next aesthetic boundary beyond which the cinema will enter its digital age. В статье рассматривается деятельность пианистов-аккомпаниаторов в немом кинематографе. Она в равной степени принадлежит истории кино, истории музыки и фортепианного исполнительства. Музыкальное сопровождение было важным дополнительным средством воздействия на зрителя и вариативным компонентом исторического киносеанса. Эта практика ушла в прошлое вместе с немым кинематографом и попытки ее возрождения в современных условиях являются реконструкцией. Автор высказывает предположение, что эстетическая граница между эпохами немого и звукового кино определяется не появлением технических возможностей синхронизации звука и изображения, а отказом от участия пианиста в непосредственном музыкальном сопровождении фильма, снятием «человеческого фактора». Наиболее аутентичными материалами для изучения деятельности пианистов-иллюстраторов являются интервью и архивные съемки музыкантов, имевших реальный опыт сопровождения немых фильмов. Среди печатных источников весьма информативны кинотеки — специальные нотные сборники для таперов. Эти сборники могли быть полностью авторскими или компилятивными. В статье анализируются кинотеки Джона Стефана Замекника и Эрне Рапе́. В результате делается вывод, что пьесы, входящие в авторские сборники, отличаются простотой формы, жанровой определенностью, вторичностью музыкального языка. Компилятивные сборники, собранные из систематизированных по темам произведений разных эпох и авторов, характеризуются стилистической пестротой. Пользуясь заготовками из кинотек, в также популярными классическими мелодиями и современными танцами, иллюстраторы компилировали свой «саундтрек», сочиняя или импровизируя связки между номерами. В сфере «таперской культуры» выявлялись закономерности, ставшие впоследствии основой киномузыки эры звукового кинематографа, что наглядно проявляется в творчестве Д.Д. Шостаковича. Автор проводит несколько параллелей между рекомендациями авторов кинотек и художественной практикой кинематографистов второй половины ХХ столетия. При рассмотрении фактов возрождения в современном культурном пространстве профессии иллюстраторов немого кино, подчеркивается, что фортепиано помогает сохранить для современного зрителя художественную целостность немых картин. Эта деятельность пианистов трактуется как одно из ответвлений направления исторически информированного исполнительства. Приводятся примеры конкретных художественных проектов подобного плана. В заключение подчеркивается, что современное кино стало по способу фиксации и воспроизведения полностью техническим искусством. В массовом кино происходит замена записи живого симфонического оркестра бюджетной компьютерной фонограммой. Автор видит в этом следующую эстетическую границу, за которой воспоследует кино цифровой эпохи.

The article addresses the issue of modern management of educational institutions. The subject of empirical research was the category of managerial talent in education. Effort is made to present the indicated subject matter in a multidimensional and holistic manner, combining the category and advantages of quantitative research methodology, psychometric measurement, and qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of teachers and head teachers at Polish state schools (primary schools, junior high schools, upper-secondary schools). The head teachers were given in-depth individual interviews (IDIs) and psychological tests, and teachers responded to an Internet survey (CAWI). The main objective of the empirical research was to construct a category described as managerial talent in education. On the basis of the research, the characteristic components of this category were distinguished. Special emphasis was also placed on the pragmatic dimension of the studied phenomenon, the results obtained and conclusions drawn – for this reason the paper includes numerous reflections and practical implications concerning everyday educational life and modern education management

The results of a comparative analysis of multilingual texts - the original and the translation - of poetic works by Ossetian authors (M. Tsirikhova, A. Tsarukaev, R. Asaev, G. Dzugaev, H.-M. Dzuzzati, D. Darchieva, T. Tettsoeva) in the light of the translation interpretation by famous Russian poets of the sixties (E. Evtushenko, B. Akhmadulina, R. Kazakova, B. Okudzhava, Yu. Morits) are presented. In the course of comparative analysis, it was found that some translators resorted to adapted rethinking of the lines of a foreign language text (Yu. Morits, B. Akhmadulina). It was shown that for this purpose, in some places, translators violated the formal organization of the verse, expanded the original text by adding stanzas (R. Kazakov) or, conversely, narrowed the verse of the original (B. Okudzhava, B. Akhmadulina), but changes in the structure of the original did not affect the adequate perception of the text to recipients. The features of the implementation of the original pragmatic potential in translation are commented. It is noted that translators not only find lexical means characterized by semantic affinity with the words of the original, but also embody the aesthetic component of the literary text (R. Kazakova, Yu. Moritz) and others. It is stated that some poets deliberately resorted to rethinking the artistic reality captured by the author: in the language of translation, a new work is actually created based on the poem in the original (E. Evtushenko, B. Akhmadulina).

Objective: to develop a model of a biomedical cell product that is consistent with the «homologous drug» strategy based on protocols for preparing the cell component and scaffold carrier for preclinical studies on a large laboratory animal (pig). Materials and methods. Biomedical cell products and skin equivalents (SE), were formed using plasma cryoprecipitate prepared from blood plasma of healthy donors and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of human adipose tissue. Cryoprecipitate from pig blood plasma and human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were used to form model skin equivalents (mSE). Bright-field microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy (Leica DMI 3000B) and fluorescence microscopy (Cytation 5 imager; BioTek, USA) were used to monitor the state of cells in the culture and in the composition of the equivalents. Scaffolds for equivalents were tested for cytotoxicity (MTT test, direct contact method). The cell distribution density was characterized by author’s method (Patent No. 2675376 of the Russian Federation). Results. An mSE was developed for preclinical studies on a large laboratory animal (pig). In the mSE, components that change from halogen to xenogenic conditions during transplantation to the animal were replaced. A comprehensive approach to preparing mSE was presented. It includes sampling of primary pig biomaterial, extraction and characterization of adipose tissue-derived MSCs, preparation of a scaffold carrier for the corresponding «homologous drug» strategy. Cytotoxicity of the mSE scaffold was evaluated. It was shown that mSE provides mechanical support (similar to SE) to cells, as well as comparable development of cellular events during cultivation. Conclusion. A model of a biomedical cell product was developed. This model is consistent with the «homologous drug» strategy for preclinical studies on a large laboratory animal (pig). The paper presented a comprehensive approach to developing a model equivalent based on protocols for preparation and testing of the cellular component, the scaffold carrier and the ready-to-use model equivalent.