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The article presents results of the inquiry that involved 803 postgraduate students of research organizations involved in the preparation of postgraduate students in the field of education sciences. The inquiry helps to investigate the specificity of plans of postgraduate students to work abroad and to move abroad for permanent residence. It also helps to reveal and describe the impacts of various socio-demographic and socio-stratification factors. In addition, there was made a comparison of the attitudes of postgraduate students and scientific researchers to temporary or permanent migration. The data is processed using mathematical statistics methods. The results of the study indicate that the migration attitudes of graduate students are determined by the influence of a number of socio-demographic (gender, age, presence and structure of the family) and socio-stratification (financial status, educational status of parents) factors. A comparison of the opinions of graduate students and scientific researchers shows that migration attitudes towards both temporary migration and emigration abroad are more widespread among postgraduate students than among scientific researchers.

The article is devoted to the analysis of contemporary emigration from Russia. The aim of the article is to characterize the fifth emigration wave of Russians, which, according to the authors, began in 2010. The article reveals quantitative and qualitative characteristics of migration flows, their peculiarities, causes of migration and main directions. Emigration from Russia is considered in the context of an adaptation strategy in the context of growing differentiation of countries by income level and quality of institutions. From the authors' point of view, the popular theory of "circulating migration" does not correspond to the specific current situation, and emigration from Russia leads to a loss of human capital. Статья посвящена анализу современной эмиграции из России. Целью статьи является характеристика пятой эмиграционной волны россиян, которая началась в 2010 году. В статье выявлены количественные и качественные характеристики миграционных потоков, их особенности, причины миграции и основные направления. Эмиграция из России рассмотрена в контексте адаптационной стратегии в условиях роста дифференциации стран по уровню доходов и качеству институтов. С точки зрения авторов статьи, популярная теория «циркулирующей миграции» не соответствует конкретной сложившейся ситуации, а эмиграция из России ведет к потере человеческого капитала.

В статье исследуются масштабы эмиграции и трудовой миграции российских граждан за рубеж на основании сравнительного анализа официальных данных статистических служб США и РФ. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о существенном недоучете отечественной статистикой уезжающих из России в США мигрантов, а также о высоком уровне квалификации выезжающих. Отмечается, что временная миграция может приобрести форму «утечки умов»., The article examines the scale of emigration and labour migration of Russian citizens based on comparative analysis of official data of the statistical services of the United States and the Russian Federation. The results indicate a significant underestimation of the number of people leaving Russia to the United States by domestic statistics, as well as a high level of qualification of migrants. It is noted that temporary migration may turn into brain drain., Социально-гуманитарные знания, Выпуск 6 2022, Pages 329-335

The quality of human capital is of key significance for the technological and economic development as a factor of competition for highly qualified personnel. Previously, the migration of scholars was described as a “brain drain”, but due to globalization and the development of communication tools, its characteristics expanded. Nowadays, additional relevant terms “brain circulation”, “brain exchange”, and “brain sharing” have appeared. Bibliometric analysis in this paper relies on the Scopus database to estimate the migration of scholars affiliated to the Ural Federal University. We present our algorithm for generating scientometric data. The research findings show that, in general, the regional tendencies follow, with some time lag, the Russian average, as well as the global trends of transition from the “brain drain” to the cooperative work. We identified similarities between the list of host countries and countries for cooperation. The key difference is that the region trend is featured by more positive figures in terms of “brain drain” than Russia on average. Practical significance of our paper refers to the application of generation algorithm as an independent tool for collecting scientometric data. The results of the study can be used by the public authorities when implementing socio-economic policy. © 2021, Terra Economicus. All Rights Reserved. Acknowledgment: The study is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project № 19-78-00080.

Данная работа посвящена исследованию внутренней и внешней интеллектуальной миграции в Китае на современном этапе. Задачи, которые решались в ходе исследования: 1. Рассмотрение проблемы интеллектуальной миграции в мире; 2. Изучение процесса и масштабов внутренней миграции в Китае, ее основных видов и причин; 3. Анализ исторического процесса «утечки мозгов» из КНР; 4. Характеристика интеллектуальной миграции в Китае на современном этапе; 5. Изучение потенциальных путей решения «утечки мозгов» со стороны Китайской Народной Республики; В результате исследования были проанализированы основные понятия исследуемой тематики. Также была изучена основная сущность проблемы «утечки мозгов» во всем мире и стандартные меры с помощью которых государства регулируют процессы миграции. Была проанализирована внутренняя миграция на территории Китая. Также была изучена тенденция «утечки мозгов» из КНР с 1978 по настоящий период и пути решения этой проблемы. В результате проделанной работы было определенно воздействие миграционных потоков Китая на межрегиональное перемещение экономического-активного населения в 2019., This paper is devoted to the study of internal and external intellectual migration in China at the present stage. The research set the following goals: 1. Consideration of the problem of intellectual migration in the world; 2. A study of the process and extent of internal migration in China, its main types and causes; 3. Analysis of the historical process of "brain drain" from China; 4. Characteristics of intellectual migration in China at the present stage; 5. Exploring potential solutions to the “brain drain” by the People's Republic of China; The study resulted into analysis of the basic concepts of the subject. The basic concept of the problem of “brain drain” around the world and the standard measures by which states regulate migration processes were also studied. The internal migration in China was analyzed. The tendency of "brain drain" from the PRC from 1978 to the present period and ways to solve this problem were also studied. Study shows that an impact of China's migration flows on the inter-regional movement of the economically active population in 2019 was determined.

Migration, its quantitative and qualitative changes is one of the topical issues. First, scientists are direct participants in scientific and technological progress, the level and development of which is a priority in most countries, countries compete to attract the best "minds" of the world, and scientists in search of decent conditions for their activities. Second, it is difficult to assess the migration of individual professional circles. One of the tools for analyzing and evaluating the migration of scientists is the analysis of their profiles, which became possible thanks to the digitalization of scientific activities (development of scientometric databases: SCOPUS, WoS, eLibrary, PubMed, professional networks-research gate, assignment of identification numbers of scientists – ORCID and other tools), so-called digital traces of scientists remain in the network (their research, full name, affiliation to a scientific organization and their change, sphere of interests and other indicators), as a result, it becomes possible to evaluate the interaction of scientists, analyze mobility, evaluate quantitative and qualitative indicators of migration. At the same time, the analysis of scientists by their identification indicators is called scientometry, or in the practice of domestic terminology bibliometry. The popularity of bibliometric analysis begins with the 1980s with a sharp increase in the number of articles using this method to 2019, However, the origins of the method go in the 20-ies of the XIX century Using bibliometric data to assess the quantitative indicators of academic and study (however, put forward hypotheses about ambiguous citation of the article and its significance to the scientific community), to perform the migration and its qualitative and quantitative changes. As part of the research work, the staff of the Laboratory for University development of UrFU developed an algorithm for generating data from the scientometric database SCOPUS. The purpose of the algorithm is to analyze and evaluate the migration of scientists. The developed algorithm generates data as follows: j-th number of rows, which represent the full name of the authors and their ID, i-th number of columns, including scientometric data (scientific field; country; University; total number of articles, and others). The profiles in which the affinity has changed are important for further research. The resulting database was "cleared". The largest outflow of scientists from UrFU, as well as throughout Russia, occurred in the 90s, as well as 2000-2002. among the leaders of the host countries were the United States, Israel, England, Canada, Germany, France, Czech Republic, post-Soviet space-Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan. In General, the Ural Federal University is characterized by positive dynamics, which is represented, on the one hand, by a decrease in the share of migrating scientists, on the other hand, by the involvement of foreign specialists for the implementation of joint projects. Among the main conclusions, it is worth noting that there is a change in the nature of migration: its transition from brain drain to drain sharing, i.e. from irrevocable migration and loss of intellectual capital to its sharing. The digitalization of scientometry is a significant advance that contributes not only to the dissemination of scientific knowledge, but also to its protection (for example, the detection of plagiarism), and digital traces are an important tool in the analysis of quantitative and qualitative scientific indicators. © 2020 LLC Ecological Help. All rights reserved.

Авторами анализируется проблема эффективности программ студенческого обмена, подобных «Эразмус +», как инструмента «мягкой силы». В статье ставится цель выявления перспектив, которые открываются для Российской Федерации и российских студентов, принимающих участие в программах студенческого обмена и стажировок. Предметом исследования является программа обучения «Эразмус +». Представлены результаты исследования, проведенного в 2019 году среди студентов и выпускников высших учебных заведений, обучавшихся по программе «Эразмус +». В результате авторского опроса показано, что мягкая сила выступает новым ресурсом государственного лидерства и инструментом формирования культурно-нравственных ценностей молодого поколения в современном мире. Авторы пришли к выводу, что образовательные программы способствуют продвижению культурных ценностей государства - принимающей стороны, формированию имиджа этого государства за рубежом и укреплению его позиций на международной арене., The authors analyse the effectiveness of student exchange programs such as Erasmus+ as an instrument of “soft power”. The article has the purpose of identifying the prospects opening up for Russia and Russian students taking part in student exchange and internship programs. The subject of the research is the learning program “Erasmus+”. The results of the study conducted in 2019 among students and graduates of higher educational institutions who studied under the Erasmus+ program are presented. As a result of the author's survey, it is demonstrated that soft power is a new resource for state leadership and an instrument for the development of the cultural and moral values in the modern world younger generation. The authors concluded that educational programs contribute to the promotion of the cultural values of the host state, the formation of the state's image abroad and the consolidation of its position on the world stage., Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 9 (99) 2020

The article is written by postgraduate students of the Sociological Department of the Lomonosov Moscow State University on the results of a general discussion of the possibilities of innovative development through the prism of related fields of knowledge. It reflects the urgency of studying the processes taking place in various institutions of society and causing innovative development. The publication discusses the features of the functioning and interaction between the social institutions of business and education in the context of innovative processes occurring in Russia (low conversion fundamental knowledge in innovation, the inability of young people to engage in science, the specialists outflow from the country, maintaining a balance between traditions and innovations in education, closure of complex industries, and others). The analysis of existing theories and examples of successful interaction between education and business organized to obtain innovative developments are presented (MSU Science Park and others). The data on innovative business models implemented in the countries of the world (Russia, China, Singapore, the United States) and the features of their implementation (the possibility of start-up visas, the problems of protecting the rights of entrepreneurs and investors, the time of launching the project and the idea before production), empirical data on the outflow of specialists From Russia, which is considered as one of the consequences of the lack of innovative production in Russia). The authors proposed the possible directions of the organization of education and innovative business, based on the successful experience of foreign countries. The article considers marketing mechanisms as a way of communication between education, business and government institutions in the creation and implementation of innovative developments in Russia, the peculiarities of marketing in the innovative context, in particular, the key role of marketing in acquiring the final innovative product by buyers.

The economic situation in Russia is estimated as critical. What gave an impulse to the development of the «Russian crisis»? What are the prospects for the country? How to stop the impoverishment of the population? Generally speaking, the two eternal Russian questions remain: «Who is to blame?» And «What is to be done?» The author is answering them proposing his vision of the challenges facing the country and solutions therof.

the article outlines the root cause of acute problems of Russian science and education – slowing down the pace of industry reconstruction destroyed by the USSR collapse and import substitution plans lagging, and, as a consequence, the outflow of Russian scientists and highly qualified personnel abroad. It is shown that the departure of our most creative part of society in the person of scientists and highly educated specialists for work and residence in industrially developed West countries is always a negative blow to the scientific, technical, economic, military potential of our country and the nation's genetic code deterioration.

International audience; The problem with “brain drain” in modern Armenia, in the context of national security of the country is considered. Article analyzes statistical data on migration that shows need of acceptance of necessary measures for the solution of this problem. The causes of migration of the intellectual capital and factors influencing its intensity are also presented in article. Considering the possible consequences of this phenomenon, it is estimated as threat of the national in particular educational security of Armenia. The relevant proposals according to decision of the problem are also presented in article.; В данной статье рассмотрена проблема c утечкой мозгов в современной Армении, в контексте национальной безопасности страны. Статья анализирует статистические данные о миграции, что показывает важность принятия надлежащих мер по решению данной проблемы. В статье также представлены причины возникновения миграции интеллектуального капитала и факторы, влияющие на его интенсивность. Рассматривая и анализируя возможные последствия этого явления, оно оценивается как угроза национальной, в частности, образовательной безопасности Армении. Принимая во внимание актуальность и злободневность рассматриваемого вопроса, в статье также представлены соответствующие предложения по его решению.

The authors focus on the issues of scientific migration. This trend is relevant from both an academic perspective - studying the individual's economic behaviour, as well as practical one, because competition for talent has a significant impact on innovation policy initiatives around the world. Most Russian and foreign researchers are unanimous about the main complication for these studies: The lack of reliable information about scientific researchers' migration. To search for these data, we have developed a methodology implemented in software based on the big data technology. This software allows to analyse data sets from leading scientific citation bases. The information on scientific migration resulted from the analysis of changes in affiliation. We have collected the data on the scientific migration of researchers employed by the Ural Federal University from the Scopus database. The verification of the obtained data showed their high reliability. Most researchers move to Western European countries and the United States (up to 72 %). The main areas of emigrating researchers' scientific interests are natural and technical sciences. The optimal approach to minimizing the negative impact of scientific migration on Russia's scientific and technological security is the practical application of the theory of brain sharing. According to this theory, a large scientific diaspora abroad is an essential resource for the development of science and innovation. © 2018 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Рассмотрены вопросы научной миграции. Предложена программа поиска и обработки данных, созданная на основе оригинальных алгоритмов. Представлена модель и программное обеспечение, которые были применены для анализа данных по миграции ученых, работавших в Уральском федеральном университете.

В статье проведен анализ существующих механизмов подготовки студентов к участию в программах международной академической мобильности. Различные виды поддержки помогают студентам в преодолении многочисленных барьеров мобильности – информационного, организационного, финансового, академического, психологического. Проведен сравнительный анализ форм языковой поддержки студентов, готовящихся к участию в программах мобильности, которые относятся к сфере как формального, так и неформального образования. Вне вузов языковая подготовка происходит фактически бесконтрольно, что может привести к рискам, например к академической эмиграции или «утечке мозгов» из России в страны Запада. Поэтому наиболее эффективной является комплексная поддержка мобильности. Разработана система подготовки студентов к международной мобильности, сочетающая различные формы поддержки и компенсации рисков, включая воспитательную работу. Основой системы является механизм обеспечения участия студентов в международных краткосрочных образовательных программах, организованных собственным вузом, а также в международных студенческих проектах. Российские студенты выступают в роли тьюторов, выполняя наставнические функции по отношению к иностранным участникам программы, а также являются членами управляющей команды программы, которая рассматривается как инновационный проект. Совершенствование общекультурных компетенций студентов сопровождается в случае удовлетворенности от участия в программе ростом мотивации к углублению интернационального опыта., The article analyzes the existing mechanisms of preparation of students for participation in programs of international academic mobility. Different types of support help students in overcoming the numerous barriers, such as the information barrier, the organization barrier, the financial barrier, the academic barrier, and the psychological barrier. A comparative analysis of the forms of language support for students preparing to participate in mobility programs has been carried out. Language training relates both to the sphere of formal education and to the sphere of non-formal education. Outside universities, language training is virtually uncontrolled, which can lead to risks, for example, to academic emigration or brain drain from Russia to Western countries. So the most effective way is comprehensive mobility support. The developed system of preparing students for international mobility combines various forms of support and compensation for risks, including tutorial work. The system of preparation of students for international mobility is developed. The system is based on the mechanism that ensures students to participate in the international short-term educational programs organized by their universities, as well as in international student projects. Russian students act as tutors, performing mentoring functions for foreign participants of the program, and they are also part of the management team of the program, which is regarded as an innovative project. In case of satisfaction from participating in the program, students improve their general cultural competence together, which increases their motivation for deepening the international experience.

Для углубления сотрудничества между странами членами Ассоциации государств Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН) как в сфере туризма, так и в других областях в конце 2015 г. было создано экономическое сообщество АЕС. Это событие имеет большое значение для развития туризма в государствах региона. В статье выявлены и проанализированы трудности, которым должны противостоять участники АСЕАН для достижения целей при совершенствовании системы гостиничного и туристского бизнеса., To deepen cooperation between member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) both in tourism service and other fields, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was established at the end of 2015. This event has a great meaning for tourism development of the ASEAN. The article identifies and analyzes the challenges, which ASEAN member countries have to resist to achieve the goals during the improvement of the hotel and tourism business system.

В статье рассматриваются вопросы обеспечения экономической безопасности страны в современных условиях. На примере экономики Российской Федерации проводиться анализ основных угроз в сфере экономической безопасности и рассматриваются возможные варианты обеспечения развития экономики страны. Особое внимание уделяется исследованию места и роли человеческого капитала в обеспечении экономической безопасности страны.

The subject-matter of this article is migration from Russia. The study deals with current aspects and new forms of emigration. The goal of this paper is to identify new patterns determining the emigration from Russia. The article views the emigration in a broad sense, including, in addition to classic emigration (i.e. leaving the home country for permanent residence in another country), various categories of return migration (labor migration, shuttle traders, seasonal migration, episodic migration, economic tourism, business migration, education abroad, etc.). With the emergence of these new forms and categories, there is a need to clarify the migration concepts. This analysis is built on a broad historical perspective on emigration, which has been a typical phenomenon for Russia over the last three centuries. The article is based on such economic theories, as the human capital theory, new economic theory of migration, Todaro's economic theory of migration and other. In this article, a variety of methods are used, including historical analogy, statistical and mathematical approaches, sociological and econometric models. The article analyzes the patterns of modern emigration from Russia. It also considers certain aspects in the legal regulation of migration processes, with a focus on emigrants, including potential emigrants. In conclusion, the article notes the need for the state control of emigration processes. This means not so much the improvement of statistical records for this group of migrants, but rather specific government measures aimed at providing the state support to these categories of migrants in order to prevent the nonreturn migration. In other words, it is not aimed at banning the emigration (a measure, the adverse effects of which were noted as long ago as by Mikhail Lomonosov), but at providing the state support to these categories of migrants in order to prevent the non-return migration. The findings of this research can be used in improving the migration policy implemented, in particular, by the Federal Migration Service of Russia. Представлен краткий экскурс в истории миграционных потоков из России. Рассмотрены новые формы, категории и правовые вопросы эмиграции. This study has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research as part of research project No. RFFI 16-0600048. "Social paradigm of regional development: selection of priorities and economic transformation".

The aim of the given article is to consider a number of actual issues of development of the Russian higher school and vocational training, through the material presented in the book «History of higher school in Sverdlovsk region» by S. S. Nabojchenko. 1. Respect for historical-pedagogical experience at realisation of principal reforms in education is essential. The cumulative consideration both positive, and the negative facts and results of vocational training allows to project an appropriate planning chart of educational reforms and to avoid frequency of missteps of the past. 2. The analysis of activity of Councils of rectors of high schools shows that the given association carries out the important mission on creation of edifice system of socially-government higher education as on regional and federal levels. 3. Reflecting on «a brain drain» problem, authors fairly specify in current contradiction: on the one hand, Russian employers are not satisfied with graduates of the Russian high schools, at another point – many of them, going abroad, quite successfully cope there with the professional duties with a degree in their field. This fact raises some questions about the common statement about bad quality of preparation in our high schools. The problem of quality of preparation of experts is supplemented with a problem of quality of working conditions. 4. An application training Master’s degree program is offered by the authors of the presented article as one of the possible means of the problem solution of professional formation of the person at a postgraduate stage Цель статьи – рассмотреть с опорой на материал, представленный в заявленной в названии книге, ряд актуальных проблем развития российской высшей школы и профессионального образования в целом. 1. Необходимо уважительное отношение к историко-педагогическому опыту при осуществлении кардинальных реформ в образовании. Совокупный учет как положительных, так и отрицательных фактов и результатов профессионального обучения позволяет проектировать оптимальную маршрутную карту образовательных реформ и избегать повторов ошибок прошлого. 2. Анализ деятельности советов ректоров вузов показывает, что данное объединение выполняет важную миссию по созданию стройной системы общественно-государственного управления высшим образованием как на региональном, так и федеральном уровнях. 3. Размышляя о проблеме «утечки мозгов», авторы справедливо указывают на имеющееся противоречие: с одной стороны, выпускники российских вузов не устраивают наших работодателей, с другой – многие из них, выезжая за границу, вполне успешно справляются там с профессиональными обязанностями по своей специальности, что ставит под сомнение привычное утверждение о плохом качестве подготовки в наших вузах. Проблема качества подготовки специалистов дополняется проблемой качества условий труда. 4. Предлагается одно из возможных средств решения проблемы профессионального становления личности на поствузовском этапе – прикладная магистратура в формате интернатуры

In the article, the current demographic situation that has developed in Russia and can be described as a demographic crisis is analysed. One of its most important characteristics is the negative qualitative changes that occur in the population. Modern information technology contributes a lot to this process. The negative qualitative changes in the population, which have begun in the second half of the 1980s and have increased in present-day Russia, prevent the development of human capital in the country. In addition to that, the authors give their own interpretation of the concept of "human capital". The purpose of the paper is to justify the primacy of the demographic factor in the formation and development of human capital. Migration in the form of a brain drain also has a negative impact on the development of human capital in Russia and its regions. The human development index calculated for the country as a whole and for its regions confirms the above-mentioned. In the paper, the methods of demographic analysis, the demographic indicators and indexes, which can serve to analyse the qualitative characteristics of the population, are utilized. The authors arrive at the conclusion that at the present stage, it is impossible to develop human capital without solving the demographic problems. This is especially true for some regions of Russia. Awareness of this will contribute to the more efficient management of demographic processes, which, in turn, will guarantee the positive development of human capital, strengthening and development of the Russian economy and society as a whole. Проанализирована современная демографическая ситуация, сложившаяся в России, которую можно обозначить как демографический кризис. Дано определение понятия человеческого капитала. Охарактеризована миграция населения как важный компонент развития человеческого капитала.