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The aim of the study is to identify the specific trends in the foreign population distribution throughout Switzerland from the middle of the XIX century until the present day, based on census data, statistical yearbooks, and the database of the Federal Statistical Office of Switzerland. As a result, we have found a high degree of inertia in the foreign population distribution on the territory of Switzerland and its simultaneous convergence with the citizen distribution in the country. The obtained results can be used to analyze the international population migration in other countries and in training courses on population geography and the socio-economic geography of foreign countries.

The transformation of the environment (EM), its geological components, due to the intensification of technogenesis caused a response in foreign science: it was proposed to name the period of the development of this process as «anthropocene» and officially recognize the term as a subsection of the Holocene era in the framework of the Quarter General Stratigraphic scale (Anthropogen). This recognition implies a planetary representativeness of the process, which is actually absent. There is also no consensus on the time threshold for the start of the estimated period. Various authors date the threshold from 8 thousand years ago (comparable in duration with the Holocene) to the present time. Illustrative examples of the anthropogenic transformations of the EM are presented in Eurasia. Thus, in Western Europe, the intensification of such activities is associated with the beginning of the industrial revolution (the end of the 18th century), which was observed in Russia about 100 years later (the second half of the 19th century). In the South-Eastern Baltic, conflicting changes in the state of the water area, shores and the bottom have been occurring since the end of the 19th century and up to the present. They are mechanical (catastrophic abrasion of the coast, port of Libava), ecological and radiation-hygienic in nature (pollution of the water area, burial at the bottom of the chemical waste of World Wars, emissions of deadly shells and bombs, echoes of the Chernobyl disaster). The reference point for the use and testing of nuclear weapons since 1945 is the fallout of radionuclides in Eurasia. Temporary thresholds and powers of influence are determined by the industrial development of civilizations, which is uneven in time and space. In remote corners of the planet, the term «anthropocene» loses its meaning. An analysis has shown that the term’s ratification within the chronostratigraphic scale is unacceptable.

The article defines the term "international cooperation", presents the objectives of the customs cooperation between Russia and Finland and its results, examines the problematic aspects at various levels, depending on the scale of the distribution, their causes and solutions.

В ФНЦ ВИК им. В. Р. Вильямса проводятся длительные опыты, заложенные М.С. Афанасьевой и П.И. Ромашовым в 1946 году на суходоле временно избыточного увлажнения с дерновоподзолистой суглинистой почвой. В статье дана количественная оценка суммарного производства валовой энергии на долголетних пастбищных экосистемах на основе нового метода энергетической оценки луговых агроэкосистем. Приведены конкретные энергетические показатели по накоплению валовой энергии и распределению её в надземной и подземной массе и изменению энергоёмкости плодородия почвы. Новизна использованной методики заключается в том, что впервые оценка пастбищных агроэкосистем проведена на основе баланса поступления и расхода валовой энергии, позволяющей обосновать роль антропогенных затрат и природных факторов и их взаимодействие. При долголетнем (свыше 70 лет) использовании пастбищных экосистем с неудобряемыми фитоценозами суммарное воспроизводство валовой энергии может достигать 3,6 тыс. ГДж/га, а на фоне полного минерального удобрения 9,4 11,1 тыс. ГДж/га. В структуре накопления валовой энергии основная доля (80 93) приходится на надземную массу фитоценозов, суммарная энергоёмкость подземной массы и плодородия почвы составила только 7 20 в результате снижения темпов продуцирования подземной массы после второго десятилетия жизни травостоев. Совокупные антропогенные затраты на производство валовой энергии возрастали по сравнению с техногенной системой (без удобрений) в 2,1 3,5 раза в результате увеличения доз минеральных удобрений и на 33 76 в интегрированной и техногенноорганических системах. Однако окупаемость их за счёт увеличения производства валовой энергии составляла 5,2 6,7 раза при внесении полной смеси удобрений, при внесении PK 9,9 раза, при внесении навоза 6,0 6,8 раза. Это объясняется значительным повышением энергоёмкости природных факторов и мобилизации их в продукционный процесс. Мобилизация природных факторов в дополнительное накопление валовой энергии пастбищными агробиогеоценозами соответствует, с учётом энергетического эквивалента на дизельное топливо 52,7 МДж/кг, 1,7 т/га в год при интегрированной системе, 2,0 2,4 т/га при техногенноминеральных и 1,2 1,3 т/га при техногенноорганических системах., Longterm experiment started in 1946. The article presents the data on gross energy productivity determined by the new method of grassland evaluation as well as its accumulation and distribution in tops, roots and soil. For the first time energy income and consumption were used to characterize the effect of anthropogenic and natural factors on ecosystems. Longterm (over 70 years) crop cultivation under no fertilization provided 3.6 thousand GJ ha1 of energy, on the background of NPK 9.4 11.1 thousand GJ ha1. Energy mainly accumulated in tops (80 93) while roots and soil contained only 7 20 of energy due to the decreased rate in underground mass production after 20 years. Total anthropogenic costs increased by 2.1 3.5 times compared to the natural background as fertilizer rate rose, and by 33 76 in integrated and organic systems. But due to the increase in energy production their payback improved by 5.2 6.7 times under NPK application, 9.9 times on the background of PK and 6.0 6.8 times when using manure. Transformation of natural factors into the additional gross energy content corresponded to 1.7 t ha1 per year for the integrated system, 2.0 2.4 t ha1 for the mineral system and 1.2 1.3 t ha1 for the organic system., №8(2019) (2019)

Проведено сравнительное исследование адаптивных перестроек сердечно-сосудистой системы у юношей, постоянно проживающих в Магаданской области и являющихся представителями различных поколений жителей Севера. Установлено, что у молодых лиц 3-го поколения наблюдается наименьшее напряжение в работе системы (по показателям систолического и диастолического давления, ЧСС), а также отмечается энергетическая «экономизация» функциональных систем организма вследствие длительного воздействия холодового фактора внешней среды., A comparative study of adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system observed in young men residing in Magadan Region and representing different generations of inhabitants of the North was carried out. It was established that young people of the third generation of northerners experience the lowest stress in the system (in terms of systolic and diastolic pressure, and heart rate) as well as energy «economization» of the body functional systems due to the long-term cold impact of the environment., №4(64) (2019)

The features of the oceanographic regime of the Zelenetskaya Bay have been investigated. It is one of the East Murman bays that occupies an important place in the economic history of the Kola Peninsula coastal zone and in the creation of the outpost of the academic science in the West Arctic. The data of long-term observations have been generalized and the average meteorological and hydrological parameters of this basin for the last decade have been presented. The presented results are of practical importance for developing aquaculture in the bay, for formation of marine economics infrastructure including the recreation branch and for the fundamental experimental researches. Ключевые слова: приливо-отливные течения, водообмен, роза ветров, гидрологический режим, среднемноголетние характеристики, термохолинная конвекция.

The results of modeling showed the dependence of epizootic activity in Tuvinian natural plague focus on climatic conditions (average monthly amount of precipitations in the current year and the preceding four years and temperatures in the current and the preceding three years). The multiple linear regression models were used to predict the activity of zoonosis development within a year. The models obtained by means of stepwise regression were most approximated to the natural zoonotic process. The amount of precipitations in winter months and temperature in spring and summer were of the greatest significance for epizootic activity.

The tasks of economic policy in the Russian Far East are considered. Emphasis is placed on the fact that, in assessing development prospects of the Pacific Rim, it would be erroneous to view the Russian Far East only as a colony of the Soviet Union for mechanical transfer of surplus population and for export of factory products of the metropolis. The colonization process should be based on the division of the colonized territory into districts; the whole area designed for colonization by the long-term colonization plan, should be divided into eleven colonization districts

Изучение последствий гляциальных катастроф в долине р. Геналдон и прогнозирование этих ката- строф базируются, как правило, на абиотических индикаторах. Между тем, для этих целей можно исполь- зовать целый ряд биологических индикаторов (в особенности, фитоиндикаторов). В контексте геоэкологического мониторинга долины р. Геналдон нами проведен поиск фитоинди- каторов, маркирующих в ландшафте последствия схода ледника Колка 20.09.2002 г. и предшествующих гляциальных катастроф. В результате установлена возможность эффективного использования некоторых растительных сообществ, достаточно четко идентифицируемых в ландшафтах, для фитоиндикации по- следствий гляциального события 20.09.2002 г. и долгосрочного прогнозирования гляциальных катастроф в долине Геналдона. Ниже приводятся краткие итоги проведенных исследований., Investigation of the glacial catastrophes effects in the Valley of Genaldon and prediction of these catastrophes are based generally on abiotic indicators. Meanwhile, one can also use a number of biological indicators (especially fitoindikators). In the context of Genaldon Valley geoecological monitoring we searched the fitoindikators, which mark in the landscape the consequences of the 20.09.2002 glacier Kolka fall, and earlier glacial collapses. In a result the possibility of effective usage of some plant communities, clearly identifiable in landscapes, for fitoindication of the 20.09.2002 event consequences, and long-term forecasting of glacial collapses in the Valley of Genaldon was established. The summary of the investigations performed is given below., Геология и геофизика Юга России, Выпуск 3 2013