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Discussed in the paper is a system of automatic exposition choice in a digital fluorograph designed by the "Gelpik" company, Moscow. The perspective equipment variation is as follows: intensifying screen + optic system + charge-communication device-matrix.

On the basis of a great body of information, the authors propose the most reasonable and effective organizational and methodological approaches to further actively introducing digital lung fluography into Russia's practical public health care. The paper discusses a diversity of topical problems associated with the practical use of digital X-ray fluorography (DXF), such as the assessment of its use depending on the level (municipal or regional) of public health care, methodological issues of its performance, current relationships of DXF and film fluorography; a place of DXF in the screening and routine clinical diagnosis of lung diseases. Great emphasis is laid on the role of DXF in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and cancer of the lung. The place and role of Russian manufacturers of digital lung fluorographs in the further development of SXF in practical public health care of Russia are also touched upon. The authors emphasize that replacement of film fluorography by digital one will present difficulties if regional and municipal health administrators do not take an active part in this matter.

The paper considers the specific features of formation of dosage loads during studies on a digital fluorograph with movable X-ray image amplifier. It is concluded that smaller weekly dosage loads should be used for this type of fluorographs than those described in relevant normative documents.

Under the conditions of out health care system it is best to install first small-dose digital fluorographs at urban polyclinics and use as movable plants. The basis of a diagnostic study of pulmonary tuberculosis is to monitor X-ray changes in the process by a series of X-ray images and tomographic scans. At the same time paper imprints obtained by printers (including laser ones) lose as much as 30% of image details so computer images rather than hard paper copies should be used for comparison in practice of the X-ray units of dispensaries. Computers are required for dispensaries: for each X-ray specialist, the head of a unit, deputy head physician in therapeutics so that the use of a digital fluorographic plant should be as much as effective.

The paper presents a comparative assessment of the quality characteristics of computers available at the market for X-ray image visualization by using by the generally accepted criteria and gives recommendations for choosing these means for completing X-ray fluorographic complexes.

The paper deals with X-ray photogrammetry. It presents designs of different types of currently available digital X-ray fluographic apparatuses, their technical data and operating characteristics. Whether these apparatuses can be used for stereo X-ray photogrammetric survey is assessed.

The paper deals with the synthesis of algorithms for non-linear control of the degree of contrast of digital chest images by bringing the baseline histogram of brightness to the prearranged form and with practical analysis of the efficiency of the algorithms derived.

The paper outlines the design of a Russian Renex-Fluoro small-dose digital fluorograph and its operating principle. The capacities of digital fluorography in the diagnosis of different forms of pulmonary tuberculosis are considered. The data of a comparative statistical analysis of the diagnostic informative value of digital and film fluorography are given.

The paper gives colonic X-ray findings in 39 patients with rectal prolapse. Of them, 20 and 19 patients were found to have internal and external rectal prolapse, respectively. Studies were conducted by the modified irrigoscopy developed by the State Coloproctology Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, to explore the anatomic and functional status of the rectum and the fundus of the pelvis in patients with impaired defecation. The X-ray sign of circular invagination that had been detected by the authors allowed them to make the diagnosis of internal rectal prolapse with the greatest assurance. The modified irrigoscopy in combination with oral enterography for external rectal prolapse could show associated changes, including enterocele and sigmocele.

Digital X-ray apparatuses have been designed to substitute for film fluorographs, which are noted for smaller radiation loads and high image quality. The paper describes one of such apparatuses, whose distinctive feature is the use of a low-noise CCD matrix having high-resolution matrix and a high performance luminescence screen. It outlines prospective variants of the use of the apparatus, describes the basic set supplied and its operation, gives its technical data and dimensions.

The paper deals with the theoretical aspects of the required doses of the plane of a detector for digital X-ray fluorographic systems. It presents technical data on a small-dose fluorograph with an X-ray image intensifier.

The paper shows the advantages of digital versus routine film fluorography, which allows a user to make a choice of the type of an apparatus for fluorographic examination. The expenses of a fluorographic room on developing equipment and expendable materials for different types of the room's equipment. It gives the cost and specific features of the use of current film and digital fluorographs and the data on the cost of an examination using film and digital fluorography in case of the most cost-effective fluorographic systems.

The paper deals with the introduction of computer technologies into X-ray equipment. It gives data on various digital hardware components for digital fluorography, characterizes the digital fluorographs made in Russia. A new approach to designing a digital fluorograph is proposed by changing mechanical scanning via the use of a special fluorographic chamber having a supersensitive matrix photodetector. This approach has been applied in designing a Renex-fluoro apparatus.

The paper summarizes an experience gained in organizing a preventive fluorographic screening (PFC) of the rural population for pulmonary tuberculosis. The analysis of the tuberculosis detection in different groups of the rural population by PFC covering all the inhabitants proves the advisability of such a screening. It seems necessary to improve the classification of the populations into groups facing different risk factors for tuberculosis and to form, in particular, a special risk group of those with antisocial behaviour.

The paper discusses the major stages of long-term studies of the effectiveness of application of gastrofluorography for detection of cancer and precancerous lesions in the stomach conducted during mass screenings in the Byelorussian SSR. The test results for the first Soviet-made on-site gastrofluorographic installation are presented. Successful applications of the installation for both screening and primary detection of the lesions are discussed.