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The use of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in the space-rocket equipment is motivated by some advantages. That is why a lot of tests and works are actively carried out now on rocket engines using liquefied natural gas.To provide the engine tests and subsequent rocket complex operation a creation of LNG storages is demanded as a part of ground processing equipment and support for their safe operation conditions.One of LNG danger factor is its low boiling temperature, and also changing the condition, density and LNG boiling temperature at storage due to evaporation of light component, namely methane. At refill of the storages having fuel remains with a new LNG portion these factors can lead to formation of the stratified macro-layers and cause a mode of the intensive mixing that is called "rollover", with almost instant evaporation of LNG big mass and sharp pressure boost, capable to result in the storage distraction with catastrophic effects.The work objectives are formulated such as a technique development for forecasting of the LNG parameters in operating storages including the rollover mode, a comparison of calculated results of the LNG parameters with the experimental data, and a definition of possible recommendations for safe operation of LNG storages as a part of the ground complexes equipment.The paper reviews 12 publications concerning the issues and proceeding processes at operation of LNG storages, including the rollover mode.To verify the reliability of process simulation results in the LNG, represented in models by the binary methane-ethane mixture the calculated values have been compared with the experimental data for a LNG storage mode in the reservoir of a ground test complex.The reliability of developed models of the heat-mass-exchange processes in stratified on density and temperature in LNG storage with emergence of conditions for the rollover mode has been verified by comparing the settlement characteristics to the published experimental data. The estimated time before a rollover differs from the experimental value by 2,7%. The relative error of other modelled characteristics of LNG does not exceed 2,5%.Conclusions are drawn on the possibility to use the technique based on the thermodynamics equations of irreversible processes in a binary methane-ethane mixture to forecast working parameters of LNG storages operation as a part of the ground complexes equipment. The techniques to except the rollover mode can be based on keeping a stable LNG composition in the storage and arranging the fuel mixing when performing operations of storage refill and its draining from rocket fuel tanks at start cancellation.

This article describes the results of studies on methods for improving the reliability of mechanical process operations of hard-to-machine materials. In serial production hard-to-machine materials processing should be characterized by high reliability, in particular, low dispersion tool life.The aim is to analyze the reliability of a part of the technological system, i.e. the tool for mechanical processing of hard-to-machine materials.The paper analyzes the effect of various input parameters of the technological system (processed material, tool material, technological environment), operating parameters (processing modes) on the reliability of the technological system. A feature of this work is to obtain quantitative characteristics of reliability for processing just the hard-to-machine materials. It is an important problem-solving because of the high cost of both the materials and the tool.For various tool, processed materials, and process operation conditions the experiments have been conducted, and, when machining, the tool life has been recorded, thus allowing to obtain the coefficient of variation for high production run of tool. Comparison of coefficients of variation resulted in offering the tool material, process environment, and operation conditions to improve the reliability of the technological system for the specific brands of corrosion resistant steels and alloys and tungsten.It is shown that the tool material and technological environment have the biggest influence on the tool life period T and its coefficient of variation varT. It is noted that materials with a complicated composition have the higher life volatility as compared with the resistance simple alloys. It is shown that an increasing cutting speed is reduced after a certain value of the coefficient of variation due to entrainment outgrowth formed on the cutting edge of the tool.The results obtained allow machining production engineers at the enterprises of serial manufacturing to reduce the tool wear and increase the reliability of the mechanical process operations of hard-to-machine materials.

In operating railway equipment, in particular the elements, such as a wheel and a rail there is damage accumulation of any kind, causing a premature equipment failure. Thus, an analysis of the mechanisms and modeling of damage accumulation and fracture both on the surface and in the bulk material remain a challenge.Data on the defective wheel sets to be subjected to facing has been collected and analyzed to assess the locomotive wheel sets damage of the locomotive fleet company of AK «Yakutia Railways», city of Aldan, The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). For this purpose, three main locomotives have been examined.The object of research carried out in this paper, is a locomotive wheels tire, which is subjected to cyclic impact (dynamic) loads during operation. In this regard, the need arises to determine both the strength of material in response to such shock loads and the quantitative calculation of damage accumulated therein.The accumulated fatigue damage has been attributed to one radial cross section of the wheel coming into contact with the rail once per revolution of the wheel. Consequently, in one revolution a wheel is under one loading cycle. As stated, the average mileage of locomotives to have the unacceptable damages formed on the tread surface is 12 thousand km.Test results establish that along with the high-cycle loading the shock-contact action on rail joints significantly affects the accumulation of damage in the locomotive wheels tire. The number of cycles to failure due to the formation of unacceptable damage in the locomotive wheels tire is N = 2,4×106 and 6×105 cycles, respectively, for fatigue and shock-contact loading.In general, we can say that the problem of higher intensity to form the surface damage is directly related to the operation of the locomotive wheel tire under abnormally low climatic temperatures. With decreasing ambient temperature, this element material rapidly looses its plastic properties, thereby accelerating the process of damage accumulation.

The paper reveals the international prospects of developing and spreading the qualifications frameworks across the globe. It introduces the key terms and concepts related to the given issue, and examines both the benefits and challenges of qualifications frameworks implementation. The author looks into the origins and causes of the worldwide interest in qualifications framework application, and gives the overview of related recent publications and their conclusions to reinforce the provided argumentation.

Currently promising development direction of space propulsion engineering is to use, as spacecraft controls, low-thrust rocket engines (RDTM) on clean fuels, such as oxygen-methane. Modern RDTM are characterized by a lack regenerative cooling and pulse mode of operation, during which there is accumulation of heat energy to lead to the high thermal stress of RDTM structural elements. To get an idea about the thermal state of its elements, which further will reduce the number of fire tests is therefore necessary in the development phase of a new product. Accordingly, the aim of this work is the mathematical modeling and computational study of the thermal state of gaseous oxygen-methane propellant RDMT operating in pulse mode.In this paper we consider a model RDTM working on gaseous propellants oxygen-methane in pulse mode.To calculate the temperature field of the chamber wall of model RDMT under consideration is used the mathematical model of non-stationary heat conduction in a two-dimensional axisymmetric formulation that takes into account both the axial heat leakages and the nonstationary processes occurring inside the chamber during pulse operation of RDMT.As a result of numerical study of the thermal state of model RDMT, are obtained the temperature fields during engine operation based on convective, conductive, and radiative mechanisms of heat transfer from the combustion products to the wall.It is shown that the elements of flanges of combustion chamber of model RDMT act as heat sinks structural elements. Temperatures in the wall of the combustion chamber during the engine mode of operation are considered relatively low.Raised temperatures can also occur in the mixing head in the feeding area of the oxidant into the combustion chamber.During engine operation in the area forming the critical section, there is an intensive heating of a wall, which can result in its melting, which in turn will increase the minimum nozzle throat area and hence will change the operating conditions of engine.

The paper describes the fi rst clinical experience in RF of successful application of domestic circulatory support device based on implantable axial pump for two stage heart transplantation. This case demonstrate the effec- tiveness and safety of our device ( АВК - Н ) for a longtime (270 days) left ventricular bypass and the ability to perform a successful transplantation of donor , s heart after application of this system.

Представлена работа разных вентильных схем измерения сопротивления изоляции сетей низкого напряжения с изолированной нейтралью. Приведены формулы для вычисления эквивалентного сопротивления изоляции при асимметрии линейных напряжений сети. Предложены способы устранения недостатков этих схем с использованием однофазных выпрямителей. Показаны возможности реализации системы сигнализации о понижении сопротивления изоляции и поиска места замыкания на землю. Библ. 6, рис. 9., Purpose. In the paper there are described few systems of insulation resistance continuous measurement using an imposed DC test signal delivered by diode rectifiers. Drawbacks of this technique are pointed out and ways of these shortcomings removal are proposed. Methodology. An improved version of measuring circuit based on a single-phase diode rectifier is presented. Application of logometric measuring devices is suggested. Results. A new insulation resistance continuous measuring system is insensitive to network voltages variation and asymmetry. Modified circuit enables also implementation of a simple device for alarming the monitored network’s insulation deterioration and/or earth-fault protection. Originality. Formulas describing performance of diode rectifiers under asymmetrical supply have not been available so far. Both innovations (i.e. single-phase diode rectifier and logometric meter) have not been applied widely for implementation of continuous insulation monitoring in live AC IT networks. Practical value. Use of both innovations will allow to eliminate unrequired dependence of measurement results on variable network voltages as well as their possible asymmetry. Exploitation of diode rectifier circuits for earth fault location is also possible. References 6, figures 9.

This paper presents six critical infrastructure sectors: electric power systems, energy sources and supply, manufacturing, transport and storage of hazardous substances, traffic and transportation, information- telecommunication infrastructure, and supply with basic viands. The sources of adverse unwanted events due to accidents, technical faults, natural disasters, and human error are presented. Prediction and prevention of these events are explained in details.

The present paper deals with investigation of the possibility for application of laser welding-on technology for repairing the mold cavities of die casting dies. The surface of the samples, made of 32CrMoV12-28 (DIN) steel, was welded on by additional material – maraging alloy with chemical composition 0.02С–19.3Ni – 0.4V–2Cr-14.5Co–4.7Mo–0.25Al–0.2Mn–0.2Si, (wt %). The surface treatment was done by pulse laser AL 200 Nd:YAG with a wave length of 1064 nm. To estimate the possibility for additional hardening of the welded-on layers, the samples were heated for 1 hour at temperatures of 450, 500, 550 and 600 °С. The microstructure was investigated by light microscopy, the Vickers microhardness was measured with 100 g load and XRD-analysis was done. After laser welding-on the hardened surface layer was obtained. Its microstructure possesses dendrite morphology and consists mainly of ferrite oversaturated with alloying elements. The intermetallic compounds of the types Fe-Cr and Fe-Al are also observed. After ageing Ni-Al and Ni-Mo phases precipitate with maximal quantity at a temperature of 550 °C. After ageing at this temperature a maximal hardness of 600–650 HV, twice higher than that of the welded-on layer, was observed. The next temperature increase leads to the hardness decrease up to 400–450 HV due to the interruption of the coherent bonds between the phases and transformation of dendrite morphology to equiaxed crystals. As a result of the present investigation the application of the laser welding-on with additional material – maraging alloy, could be recommended for repairing the mold cavities of die casting dies.

Yu.S. Smirnov1, E.V. Yurasova1, iurasovaev@susu.ru, V.V. Safronov2, vik.saf@yandex.ru 1 South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, 2 Join-Stock Company Research Institute exact instrument (Roskosmos), Moscow, Russian Federation Смирнов Юрий Сергеевич, д-р техн. наук, профессор, кафедра «Приборостроение», Южно-Уральский государственный университет, г. Челябинск. Юрасова Екатерина Валерьевна, канд. техн. наук, доцент, кафедра «Информационно-измерительная техника»», Южно-Уральский государственный университет, г. Челябинск; iurasovaev@susu.ru. Сафронов Виктор Валентинович, канд. техн. наук, с.н.с., ведущий научный сотрудник, АО НИИТП «Научно-исследовательский институт точных приборов» (Роскосмос), г. Москва; vik.saf@yandex.ru. The paper is devoted to the peculiarities of the Common Dataware for a significant part of manipulation robots. They have only a proprioceptive feedback system supplying information about position of “arms” and “hands” segments in joints. It outlines disadvantages of the Common Dataware generation based on incremental transducers and sensorless structures. Major parameters that determinate indicators of energy informational practice providing energy conversion into functional displacement of the robot working gear are revealed. The use of a resolver as a primary sensor is recommended, as it has the best noise immunity, shock, vibrations and temperature change resistance compared to other sensors. The “Resolver-to-Digital-Converter (RDC)”combination realizing the time and space binding corresponds to the general relativity postulate. A significant advantage of the proposed RDC solutions is a synthesis of digital equivalents of displacement components, which is implemented without a systematic error based on rigorous trigonometric algorithms. They provide resolution up to 20 bits in a range of 360° at its quadrantal or octantal split. Работа посвящена особенностям единого информационного обеспечения (Common Dataware) значительной части роботов-манипуляторов. Они обладают лишь проприоцептивной системой обратной связи, которая формирует информацию о положении звеньев «рук» и «кистей» в шарнирах. Отмечены недостатки формирования Common Dataware на основе инкрементальных датчиков и бессенсорных структур. Выявлены важнейшие параметры, определяющие показатели энергоинформатики обеспечения процесса преобразования энергии в функциональное перемещение рабочего механизма робота. Рекомендовано в качестве первичного сенсора применение resolvers, имеющего лучшую из всех датчиков помехоустойчивость, стойкость к ударам, вибрациям и изменениям температуры окружающей среды. Комплекс «Resolver-to-Digital-Converter», реализующий связь пространства и времени, соответствует постулату общей теории относительности. Важным достоинством рассмотренных построений RDC является то, что синтез цифровых эквивалентов составляющих перемещения осуществляется без методической погрешности на основе тригонометрических алгоритмов. В перспективе они обеспечат разрешение до 20 бит в диапазоне от 360° при квадрантном или октантном его разбиении. The authors appreciate the Bachelor of Linguistics Mironova A.S. for the help in translation. Авторы выражают признательность бакалавру лингвистики А.С. Мироновой за помощь, оказанную в процессе редактирования и перевода материалов.

The paper proposes a hybrid model, FAHP-MABAC. The fuzzyficated Saaty's scale with the AHP method (FAHP) is used for defining the weight coefficients of criteria. The MABAC method is applied in evaluating and ranking the alternatives. This hybrid model is developed in order to support decision making while selecting locations for the preparation of laying-up positions (facilities intended for concealment, protection and maneuvering of military ships).

Purpose.The paper aims at estimation of resource of strength increase for railway wheel disk.Methodology.The material for research was carbon steel of railway wheel containing 0.57%C, 0.65%Si, 0.45%Mn, 0.0029%S, 0,014%P, 0,11%Cr. A railway wheel was heated to the temperatures above and was held at this temperature until the completion of аustenite homogenization processes and then the disk was cooled at a growing rate to a certain temperature. A temperature interval of completion of the speed-up wheel disk cooling was 200-450C. Structure was studied with the use of research methods under electronic and light microscopes. After accelerated cooling the estimation of metal structure imperfection degree was carried out with the use of X-ray structural analysis method. The stress and yielding limit of carbon steel were determined at tension, at a speed of deformation . The microhardness of steel structural components was estimated using the microhardness tester of PMT-3 type.Findings.The properties complex of railway wheel carbon steel depending on the temperature of the accelerated cooling termination is determined by the correlation of soften and work-hardening processes development. The effect of work-hardening is based on blocking of mobile dislocations due to a precipitation carbon atoms and dispersion work-hardening from the formed particles of carbidic phase. At the temperatures of the accelerated cooling termination of carbon steel higher than 300-350C the decrease rate of strength properties is determined by the exceeding of total soften effect from disintegration of solid solution, acceleration of spheroidithation and coalescence of cementite particles above the dislocations blocking by the carbon atoms and dispersion work-hardening.Originality.Authors proved thatthe strength level of the railway wheel carbon steel from the temperature of accelerated cooling completion is determined by the influence ratio of the solid solution satiety degree and dispersion work-hardening from a carbidic phase. For the temperatures of accelerated cooling termination 200-300C a decrease of solid solution satiety degree is a basic factor, which determines the level of the strength characteristic.Practical value.When making the whole-rolled railway wheel one can increase the strength limit of disk metal using the accelerated cooling to the middle interval of temperatures, which was successfully proven by authors.

В нашей последней методологической статье (Senkov и др., 2015 г., журнал “Frontiers in Neuroscience”) мы представили универсальную гибридную инфузионно-регистрирующую систему многоразового применения (ГИРС), которую можно использовать для тестирования свободно передвигающихся мышей, выполняющих когнитивные задачи, с одновременной электрофизиологической записью их мозговой активности в терминах локального потенциала поля и с разрешением по каждому электроду. Систему можно комбинировать с доставкой лекарственных средств внутрь коры головного мозга и гиппокампа за несколько часов до поведенческих экспериментов. В данной работе мы приводим описание усовершенствованной версии ГИРС-системы, в которой некоторые детали можно быстро изготовить, используя современную технологию 3D-печати. Наши предварительные результаты показывают, что применение 3D-принтеров для изготовления мелких деталей системы облегчает и ускоряет весь производственный процесс и улучшает точность и надёжность ГИРС-имплантатов. Кроме того, увеличиваются износостойкость, безопасность имплантатов, что способствует нормальному состоянию мышей в послеоперационный период и в течение длительных поведенческих тестов.In our recent methodological paper (Senkov et al., 2015, Front Neurosci), we have introduced a highly versatile reusable hybrid infusion-multielectrode recording (HIME) system, which can be utilized in freely moving mice performing cognitive tasks, while their brain activity is being recorded electrophysiologically in terms of local field potential and at single unit resolution, and can be combined with local intrahippocampal or intracortical drug delivery a few hours before behavior experiments. Here, we describe a new more advanced version of the HIME system, where some of its parts can be quickly fabricated using modern 3D printing technology. Our preliminary results show that usage of 3D printers for the construction of small plastic parts of the system facilitates and speeds up the whole fabrication process and improves precision and reliability of HIME implants. It also improves wearability, safety and welfare of mice carrying the system on their heads in the postoperative period and during long-term behavior tests.

Purpose.In the paperit isnecessary to analyze possibility of improving the positioning accuracy of train on the approach section to crossing for traffic safety control at railway crossings.Methodology. Researches were performed using developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio frequency track circuits on a train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all usablefrequencies.Findings. The paper presents the developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio-frequency track circuits on the train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all frequencies used in track circuits. The relative error determination of train coordinate by input impedance caused by variation of the ballast isolation resistance for the coded track circuits was investigated. The values of relative error determination of train coordinate can achieve up to 40-50 % and these facts do not allow using this method directly for coded track circuits. For short audio frequency track circuits on frequencies of continuous cab signaling (25, 50 Hz) the relative error does not exceed acceptable values, this allow using the examined method for determination of train location on the approach section to railway crossing.Originality.The developed mathematical model allowed determination of the error dependence of train coordinate by using input impedance of the track circuit for coded and audio-frequency track circuits at various frequencies of the signal current and at different ballast isolation resistances.Practical value.Theauthors proposethe method for train location determination on approach section to the crossing, equipped with audio-frequency track circuits, which is a combination of discrete and continuous monitoring of the train location.&nbsp

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is development of methodology for definition of a quality system of maintenance and repair (M and P) power equipment of traction substations (TS) of electrified railways operating under conditions of uncertainty based on expert information. Methodology. The basic tenets of the theory of fuzzy sets and marks, linguistic and interval estimates of experts were applied to solve this problem. Results. Analysis of the existing diversity of approaches to development of modern methods of improvement of M and P allows us to conclude that the improvement in the quality of the system is achieved by solving individual problems increase the operational reliability of power equipment of traction substations in the following main interrelated areas. There are technical, economic and organizational. The basis of the quality evaluation system is initial data and expertise developed version of the document formalized quality evaluation of electrical equipment of traction substations by experts. The choice of determining the level of Quality service system based on the marks, linguistic and interval estimates of experts, which are reflected in quantitative and / or qualitative form was done. The possible options for expert data presentation and their corresponding quantitative methods of calculating the integral index of quality improvement system maintenance and P of traction substations were described. The methodology and the method of assessing the quality of system maintenance and P of TS allows quickly respond to changing operating conditions of power equipment of traction substations, and to determine the most effective strategies for maintenance of electrical and P TS under conditions of uncertainty functioning distance electricity. Originality. The method of a systematic approach to improve the quality of the system maintenance and P of power equipment of traction substation under conditions of uncertainty based on expert information was further developed. The author offers a number of options at first time. There are version of the document formalized quality evaluation of power equipment of traction substations by experts; expression to define the integral Quality systems maintenance and electrical power P TS, which is absent in the standard system maintenance and P; matrix of quality system with regard to steps (methods) and ways of increasing service quality electrical power control systems. This method makes it possible to conduct an expert assessment of the maintenance system and to predict and select the option rational system of quality improvement and maintenance of power equipment of traction substations considering not only technical but also organizational, legal, financial and economic measures. Practical value. Improvement on electrified railways of Ukraine quality management system maintenance and P TS will improve the efficiency and quality of maintenance of power equipment and provide TA prevent or reduce the severity of possible equipment failures. Based on the relationships matrix components as systems maintenance and electrical power P TP were formed expressions calculating quality indices of integrated systems with directions and stages for specific equipment and systems in general. It was determined that an increase in the quality and maintenance of electrical PR, the rate of change of the measured value at step k during operation is reduced while the standard deviation parameter is also reduced, and the probability of electrical TA increases., Целью статьи является разработка методологии определения качества системы технического обслуживания и ремонта (ТО и Р) силового электрооборудования тяговых подстанций (ТП) электрифицированных железных дорог в условиях неопределенности эксплуатации на основе экспертной информации. Методика. Для решения поставленной задачи применены основные положения теории нечетких множеств, а также бальных, лингвистических и интервальных оценок экспертов. Результаты. Анализ существующего многообразия подходов к разработке современных методов совершенствования системы ТО и Р позволяет сделать вывод, что решение проблемы повышения качества системы достигается путем решения индивидуальных задач повышения эксплуатационной надежности силового электрооборудования ТП в следующих основных взаимосвязанных направлениях: техническом, экономическом и организационном. В основу оценки качества системы положены начальные экспертные данные и разработан вариант формализированного документа оценки качества обслуживания электрооборудования ТП экспертами. Проведен выбор определения уровня показателя качества системы обслуживания на основе бальных, лингвистических и интервальных оценок экспертов, которые отображаются в количественной и/или качественной форме. Рассмотрены возможные варианты представления экспертных данных и соответствующие им методики расчета количественного интегрального показателя уровня повышения качества системы ТО и Р силового электрооборудования ТП. Разработанная методика и метод оценки качества системы ТО и Р ТП позволяет оперативно реагировать на изменения условий функционирования силового электрооборудования ТП, а также определять наиболее эффективные стратегии ТО и Р электрооборудования ТП в условиях неопределенности функционирования дистанции электроснабжения. Научная новизна. В статье получил дальнейшее развитие метод системного подхода по повышению качества функционирования системы ТО и Р силового электрооборудования ТП в условиях неопределенности на основе экспертной информации. В этом направлении автор впервые предлагает: вариант формализированного документа оценки качества обслуживания силового электрооборудования ТП экспертами; выражение для определения интегрального показателя качества системы ТО и Р силового электрооборудования ТП, которое отсутствует в стандартах системы ТО и Р; матрицу качества системы с учетом этапов (методов) и направлений повышения качества обслуживания силового электрооборудования ТП. Данный метод дает возможность проводить экспертную оценку состояния системы обслуживания, прогнозировать и выбирать рациональный вариант повышения качества системы ТО и Р силового электрооборудования ТП с учетом технических, организационно-правовых и финансово-экономических мероприятий. Практическая значимость. Усовершенствование на электрифицированных железных дорогах Украины системы управления качеством ТО и Р ТП позволит повысить эффективность и качество системы технического обслуживания силового электрооборудования ТП, а также предупредить возникновение или снизить тяжесть возможных отказов оборудования. На основе взаимосвязей составляющих матрицы качества системы ТО и Р сформированы выражения для расчета интегральных показателей качества системы по направлениям и этапам для конкретного оборудования и системы в целом. Установлено, что при повышении качества ТО и Р электрооборудования скорость изменения измеряемого значения параметра xi на i-м шаге во время эксплуатации уменьшается, при этом среднеквадратичное отклонение параметра σ также уменьшается, а вероятность P(t) безотказной работы электрооборудования ТП увеличивается., Метою статті є розробка методології визначення якості системи технічного обслуговування і ремонту (ТО і Р) силового електрообладнання тягових підстанцій (ТП) електрифікованих залізниць в умовах невизначеності експлуатації на основі експертної інформації. Методика. Для вирішення поставленого завдання застосовано основні положення теорії нечітких множин, а також бальних, лінгвістичних та інтервальних оцінок експертів. Результати. Аналіз існуючої різноманітності підходів до розробки сучасних методів вдосконалення системи ТО і Р дозволяє зробити висновок, що проблема підвищення якості системи вирішується шляхом розв’язання індивідуальних завдань підвищення експлуатаційної надійності силового електрообладнання ТП в таких основних взаємопов’язаних напрямках: технічному, економічному та організаційному. В основу оцінки якості системи покладено початкові експертні дані та розроблено варіант формалізованого документа оцінки якості обслуговування електрообладнання ТП експертами. Здійснено вибір визначення рівня показника якості системи обслуговування на основі бальних, лінгвістичних і інтервальних оцінок експертів, які відображаються в кількісній і/або якісній формі. Розглянуто можливі варіанти представлення експертних даних і відповідні їм методики розрахунку кількісного інтегрального показника рівня підвищення якості системи ТО і Р силового електрообладнання ТП. Розроблена методика та метод оцінки якості системи ТО і Р ТП дозволяє оперативно реагувати на зміни умов функціонування силового електрообладнання ТП, а також визначати найбільш ефективні стратегії ТО і Р електрообладнання ТП в умовах невизначеності функціонування дистанції електропостачання. Наукова новизна. У статті набув подальшого розвитку метод системного підходу з підвищення якості функціонування системи ТО і Р силового електрообладнання ТП в умовах невизначеності на основі експертної інформації. У цьому напрямку автор вперше пропонує: варіант формалізованого документа оцінки якості обслуговування силового електрообладнання ТП експертами; вираз для визначення інтегрального показника якості системи ТО і Р силового електрообладнання ТП, який відсутній у стандартах системи ТО і Р; матрицю якості системи з урахуванням етапів (методів) та напрямків підвищення якості обслуговування силового електрообладнання ТП. Цей метод дозволяє виконувати експертну оцінку стану системи обслуговування та прогнозувати й вибирати раціональний варіант підвищення якості системи ТО і Р силового електрообладнання ТП з урахуванням не тільки технічних, але й організаційно-правових та фінансово-економічних заходів. Практична значимість. Удосконалення на електрифікованих залізницях України системи управління якістю ТО і Р ТП дозволить підвищити ефективність і якість системи технічного обслуговування силового електрообладнання ТП та запобігти виникненню або зменшити тяжкість можливих відмов обладнання. На основі взаємозв’язків складових матриці якості системи ТО і Р силового електрообладнання ТП сформовано вирази для розрахунку інтегральних показників якості системи за напрямками й етапами для конкретного обладнання та системи в цілому. Визначено, що при підвищенні якості ТО і Р електрообладнання швидкість зміни вимірюваного значення параметра xi на i-му кроці під час експлуатації зменшується, при цьому середньоквадратичне відхилення параметра σ також зменшується, а ймовірність P(t) безвідмовної роботи електрообладнання ТП збільшується.

One of the most promising methods for manufacture of axially symmetric parts such as disks or hollow shafts of gas turbine engines is local deformation using cold rolling. Physical and mathematical modeling can be quite effective for designing this class of equipment and process operations. This article presents the methodology and results of physical and mathematical finite element modeling of local deformation of parts such as a tapered cylinder fabricated from chromium steel alloy grade 11H11N2V2МF-Sh. Chemical elements in the alloy are designated by the letters which stand for: H – Chromium, N – Nickel, V – tungsten, M – molybdenum, F – vanadium, Sh – electroslag remelting. According to GOST 5632-72 (Russian standard), this type of nickel-chromium alloy consists of about 11 % of chromium, 1.5–2 % of tungsten and nickel, up to 1 % of molybdenum and vanadium, and 0.11 % of carbon, hundredths of one percent of phosphorus and sulfur. It is heat-resistant high-grade steel, which is used for the manufacture of parts operating unloaded at 900–1000 °C. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the process energy-power parameters and possible fracture of parts during deformation.

Purpose. In the paper there are described methods of two and three voltmeter readouts for insulation resistance periodic measurement in live DC and AC/DC IT networks. A new measuring method for AC/DC networks is proposed. Application of a novel algorithm for shortening of measurement cycle is explained. Methodology. All methods of two and three voltmeter readouts consist in connection of a resistor and measurement of mean value of network’s fixed point-to-ground voltages. Results. A new algorithm implemented in KDZ-3 device enables determination of steady-state voltage of a DC network’s pole much faster than in other exploited systems. Originality. In author’s modification of two voltmeter readouts method, line-to-ground voltage mean value is measured at AC side of AC/DC network. This innovation has not been applied for implementation of periodic insulation monitoring in AC/DC IT networks yet. Practical value. The use of author’s innovation will allow to execute measurements at AC side of AC/DC IT networks which might be necessary if rectifier’s output circuits are unavailable. Shortening of measurement cycle duration of two or three voltmeter readouts method’s is of great importance in networks with high capacitance., Представлено применение методов контроля изоляции сетей низкого напряжения постоянного и двойного рода тока с помощью вольтметра и резистора. Приведены формулы для вычисления сопротивления изоляции методами двух и трех отсчетов вольтметра. Предложен новый способ двух отсчетов вольтметра для сетей двойного рода тока. Представлена модификация рассматриваемых методов, ограничивающая их основной недостаток – длительность переходного процесса., Представлено застосування методів контролю ізоляції мереж низької напруги постійного і подвійного роду струму за допомогою вольтметра і резистора. Наведено формули для обчислення опору ізоляції методами двох і трьох відліків вольтметра. Запропоновано новий спосіб двох відліків вольтметра для мереж подвійного роду струму. Представлена модифікація розглянутих методів, що обмежує їх основний недолік – тривалість перехідного процесу.

We are pleased to present the first issue of second volume of JBPE, which focuses on laser and optical technologies for study of biological tissues and biomedical applications. This Special Issue of the Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering presents the selected papers of the Workshop “Biophotonics” of the XIII all-Russian Youth Samara conference-contest on optics and laser physics (November 11-14, 2015, Samara, Russia).

Purpose. Creation the scientific requirements for technical characteristics of equipment for vertical electrical sounding based on the electrophysical characteristics of the soil of energy objects with the different voltage classes. Methodology. In work used statistical methods for the analysis database of results the soil sounding and for receiving distribution of largest size of the grounding system. To determine the required range of measurement and permissible value of circuit resistance applied the mathematical description of the electromagnetic field to calculate the apparent resistivity of the soil and the Wenner method of calculating the resistance of a vertical electrode. Also, in work used elements of probability theory to creation the stochastic correlation between device parameters and characteristics object of the research. Results. In the paper found that in the most severe cases (when the depth of sounding is the three maximal diagonal of grounding) at 99% energy objects in Ukraine the lower limit of resistance measurement for the respective classes of voltage must be no more than 1.3 milliohms to 35 kV, 0.6 mOhm to 110 kV, 0.5 milliohms to 150 kV, 0.1 mOhm for ≥ 220 kV. Also it proved that the measurement equipment for vertical electrical sounding when performing electromagnetic diagnostics of grounding system the power facilities Ukraine with 35-750 kV voltage class for all possible values of soil resistivity should be with limit of measurement from 0.1 mOhm to 7.2 kOhm and resistance measuring circuit to 66 kOhm. Originality.For the first time used a statistical approach to evaluate the optimal technical requirements for equipment the soils resistivity when performing diagnostics of grounding systems energy objects of Ukraine. The results obtained in this work, establish the probabilistic dependence of the technical characteristics of measuring equipment from the actual depth of sounding in Wenners configuration (the distance between electrodes) and from the voltage class of object. Practical value. The obtained results allow depending on the specific parameters of the object optimally select the equipment. This technique allows you to create a range of equipments with optimal cost and overall dimensions depending on the region (considering to a significant spread of values of soil resistivity) and on the voltage class of investigated object., На основе анализа статистической базы данных по зондированию грунта и диагностики состояния заземляющего устройства сформулированы требования и созданы рекомендации относительно выбора приборов для проведения вертикального электрического зондирования в зависимости от класса напряжения энергообъекта и доверительной вероятности. Доказана эффективность выбора приборов на основе оптимальных требований., На основі аналізу статистичної бази даних з зондування ґрунту та діагностики стану заземлювального пристрою сформульовано вимоги та створено рекомендації щодо вибору приладів для проведення вертикального електричного зондування в залежності від класу напруги енергооб’єкту та довірчої ймовірності. Доведена ефективність вибору приладів на основі оптимальних вимог.

В работе рассмотрена проблема обеспечения надежной работы поршня форсированного дизеля в части возникновения задиров на его юбке в специфичных зонах. Проведено исследование процесса ползучести и релаксации напряжений для поршневого алюминиевого сплава АЛ25. Определен порог ползучести сплава на краткосрочной временной базе. Установлена зона ползучести материала на поверхности поршня. Предложен подход по устранению задиров в исследуемой зоне. The problem of a piston reliability ensuring in the high-power diesel engine service and specifically the tear in particular areas of the piston skirt is discussed in the paper. The creep process and stress relaxation simulation for aluminium silicon alloy Al-25 is performed. The alloy creep threshold in a short-time term is ascertained. The material creep area on the piston surface is determined. The approach for tear elimination in the investigated area is suggested.

The paper looks at the higher school management oriented on the innovative qualification structure and professional standards in the light of the competence approach. The authors demonstrate the possible ways of developing and implementing the above standards with the reference to the different categories of educational personnel: professorial and teaching, scientific, administrative and auxiliary staff. The higher school management system, based on the personnel continuing training and advancing education, can facilitate the further social and economic development. Such functional organization can overcome the urgent educational problems of harmonizing the further training requirements, developing the consistent model of qualification levels, systemizing the qualification criteria for the candidates selection, introducing the unified certification standards of the staff training and assessment, coordinating the qualification requirements within the Russian and European qualification framework.

Purpose.This paper is devoted to the definition of the most rational technique of reliability evaluation of facade systems of multistoried residential buildings with using the experience of buildings construction and operation abroad. The subject is also focused on defining the parameters of materials and facade systems, the improvement of which can increase the reliability and durability of facade systems of multistoried residential buildings, as well as cut the cost of their operation.Methodology.A comparative analysis of the operating experience of various types of facade systems in Ukraine and abroad based on the data of different authors was conducted. The analysis of the impact of external factors on facade systems with the subsequent comparison of methods for assessing the reliability of facades according to the criteria stated in the Eurocode was carried out as well as the selection of parameters that determine the reliability and durability of facade systems.Findings.Authors have performed researches of evaluation methods of organizational and technological reliability and durability of modern facade systems. It was identified the cause of the failure of facade systems. It is offered the ways of materials improvement of facade systems, and constructional and organization-technological decisions on the structure of facade systems. Methods of increase of reliability and durability of front systems were defined.Originality.The most rational technique of reliability evaluation of facade systems considering requirements of Eurocode in questions structural design was defined. Practical value.Improvement of evaluating methods for organizational-technological reliability of facade systems of multistoried residential buildings will predict more accurately the lifetime of enclosures. Using the methods described in the Eurocodes, to determine the reliability and durability of the facade systems will provide the general criteria for the building structures design in Ukraine and Europe, as well as facilitate the exchange of experience in the construction and operation of buildings between the countries of Europe. An analysis of the causes of failures of facades enables to determine the directions of improving the properties of the materials used for the manufacture of facade elements structures as well as engineering and technological solutions of applied facade systems.

Сделан обзор основных научных достижений ученых и выпускников НТУ "ХПИ" в области механики (строительной, экспериментальной, аналитической, сельскохозяйственной, прикладной, нелинейной, компьютерной и др.). Школа механики НТУ "ХПИ" развивается в направлении теоретического, экспериментального и компьютерного исследования научно-технических проблем динамики, прочности, надежности, оптимизации объектов (материалов, конструкций, систем) с многоуровневой структурой в условиях интенсивного нагружения. The paper is concerned with the dynamic process of establishment and development of the research and pedagogic activity of the scientists and graduates of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (NTU "KhPI") in the field of mechanics in the 19–21 centuries. The fundamental scientific trends of evolution of mechanics were discovered and explored here. The most important phases of formation and development of the research and design school of the NTU "KhPI" are shown. The world-famous scientists who worked at the NTU "KhPI" or graduated it are mentioned. School of Mechanics of the NTU "KhPI" is developing in the direction of the theoretical, experimental and computer studies of scientific and technical problems of strength, dynamics, reliability, optimization of objects (materials, structures, systems) with a multi-level (nano- micro- meso- macro) structure in extreme loading. It is shown how mathematization of research led to the emergence of new models and methods of analysis of mechanical systems.

Purpose.It is determining the nature of the ferrite grain size influence of low-carbon alloy steel on the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations.Methodology.The material for the research served a steel sheet of thickness 1.4 mm. Steel type H18T1 had a content of chemical elements within grade composition: 0, 12 % C, 17, 5 % Cr, 1 % Mn, 1, 1 % Ni, 0, 85 % Si, 0, 9 % Ti. The specified steel belongs to the semiferritic class of the accepted classification. The structural state of the metal for the study was obtained by cold plastic deformation by rolling at a reduction in the size range of 20-30 % and subsequent recrystallization annealing at 740 – 750 ° C. Different degrees of cold plastic deformation was obtained by pre-selection of the initial strip thickness so that after a desired amount of rolling reduction receives the same final thickness. The microstructure was observed under a light microscope, the ferrite grain size was determined using a quantitative metallographic technique. The using of X-ray structural analysis techniques allowed determining the level of second-order distortion of the crystal latitude of the ferrite. The speed propagation of acoustic vibrations was measured using a special device such as an ISP-12 with a working frequency of pulses 1.024 kHz. As the characteristic of strength used the hardness was evaluated by the Brinell’s method.Findings.With increasing of ferrite grain size the hardness of the steel is reduced. In the case of constant structural state of metal, reducing the size of the ferrite grains is accompanied by a natural increasing of the phase distortion. The dependence of the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations up and down the rolling direction of the ferrite grain size remained unchanged and reports directly proportional correlation.Originality.On the basis of studies to determine the direct impact of the proportional nature of the ferrite grain size on the rate of propagation of sound vibrations in the low-carbon alloy steel. The directly proportional nature of influence of ferrite grain size on the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations in low-carbon alloy steel on the basis of the conducted researches is defined. The paper is shown that at increasing in the size of the recrystallized ferrite grain the degree of influence the texture from the previous cold plastic deformation by rolling increases.Practical value.The received results on nature determination of influence of ferrite grain size on the speed propagation of acoustic vibrations can be the useful by development of techniques of non-destructive testing of metal materials quality. The special value the specified technique of measurement acquires in the conditions of line production of metal constructions.

Розроблено огляд основних наукових досягнень вчених і випускників НТУ «ХПІ» у галузі механіки: експериментальної, будівельної, аналітичної, сільськогосподарської, прикладної, нелінійної, комп'ютерної та ін. Школа механіки НТУ «ХПІ» розвивається в напрямку теоретичного, експериментального і комп'ютерного дослідження науково-технічних проблем міцності, динаміки, надійності, оптимізації об'єктів (матеріалів, виробів, конструкцій, систем) з багаторівневою структурою в умовах інтенсивного навантаження., Сделан обзор основных научных достижений ученых и выпускников НТУ «ХПИ» в области механики (экспериментальной, строительной, аналитической, сельскохозяйственной, прикладной, нелинейной, компьютерной и др.). Школа механики НТУ «ХПИ» развивается в направлении теоретического, экспериментального и компьютерного исследования научно-технических проблем динамики, прочности, надежности, оптимизации объектов (материалов, конструкций, систем) с многоуровневой структурой в условиях интенсивного нагружения., The paper is concerned with the dynamic process of establishment and development of the research and pedagogic activity of the scientists and graduates of the National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute» (NTU «KhPI») in the field of mechanics in the 19 – 21 centuries. The fundamental scientific trends of evolution of mechanics were discovered and explored here. The most important phases of formation and development of the research and design school of the NTU «KhPI» are shown. The world-famous scientists who worked at the NTU «KhPI» or graduated it are mentioned. School of Mechanics of the NTU «KhPI» is developing in the direction of the theoretical, experimental and computer studies of scientific and technical problems of strength, dynamics, reliability, optimization of objects (materials, structures, systems) with a multi-level (nano- micro- meso- macro) structure in extreme loading. It is shown how mathematization of research led to the emergence of new models and methods of analysis of mechanical systems.

Статья посвящена рассмотрению эволюции в 19 – 21 столетиях основных научно–педагогических достижений ученых и выпускников НТУ «ХПИ» в области математического моделирования: от паровых машин до космических аппаратов. Начало украинской науки в области математического моделирования в технике и технологиях связано с НТУ «ХПИ». Здесь работали или учились В. Л. Кирпичев, А. М. Ляпунов, В. А. Стеклов, Л. Д. Ландау, А. Н. Подгорный, Ю. М. Мацевитый и др. Ученые НТУ «ХПИ» создавали космическую и турбокомпрессорную технику, ЭВМ и термоядерные установки, и т. д. Показано, как математизация исследовательской деятельности привела к появлению новых методик анализа и синтеза в технике и технологиях. The paper is concerned with the dynamic process of establishment and development of the research and pedagogic activity of the scientists and graduates of the National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute» (NTU «KhPI») in the field of mathematical modeling in engineering and technologies in the 19 – 21 centuries. The beginning of the Ukrainian technical science in the field of mathematical modeling in engineering and technologies is associated with the NTU «KhPI». The range of scientific designs created in the NTU «KhPI» varies from specific space products to a number of “common” products for the needs of machinery, power production, etc. The fundamental scientific trends of evolution of mathematical modeling in engineering and technological processes were discovered and explored here. The most important phases of formation and development of the research and design school of the NTU «KhPI» are shown. The world-famous scientists who worked at the NTU «KhPI» or graduated it are mentioned.

Microtask crowdsourcing implies decomposing a difficult problem into smaller pieces. For that a special human-computer platform like CrowdFlower or Amazon Mechanical Turk is used to submit tasks for human workers motivated by either micropayments or altruism to solve. Examples of successful crowdsourcing applications are food nutrition estimation, natural language processing, criminal invasion detection, and other problems so-called “AI-hard”. However, these platforms are proprietary and requiring additional software for maintaining the output quality. This paper presents the design, architecture and implementation details of an open source engine for executing microtask-based crowdsourcing annotation stages. The engine controls the entire crowdsourcing process including such elements as task allocation, worker ranking, answer aggregation, agreement assessment, and other means for quality control. The present version of the software is implemented as a three-tier system, which is composed of the application level for the end-user worker interface, the engine level for the Web service controlling the annotation process, and the database level for the data persistence. The RESTful API is used for interacting with the engine. The methods for controlling the annotation are implemented as processors that are initialized using the dependency injection mechanism for achieving the loose coupling principle. The functionality of the engine has been evaluated by both using unit tests and replication of a semantic similarity assessment experiment.

The article considers basic methods of two-factor authentication system constructing on the basis of the use of cryptographic mechanisms to ensure the reliability, of formed authenticators, the risk of various methods of online attacks against a variety of two-factor authentication systems is estimated, as well as a system PassWindow is considered, which provides two-factor authentication on the unique ability of the matrix to transmit information in such a way that it is deciphered only to the imposition of the physical signs of the intended recipient pattern and barcode pattern obtained by digital network devices, resistance to the analysis is provided by a unique barcode card pattern generation as unique statistical images, a sequence of characters, or as more extended in an animated version. The object of the research is the process of improving the integrity and authenticity of data packets in banking transactions security protocols on the basis of two-factor authentication methods. The subject of the study is methods and algorithms of integrity control and authenticity of data packets in banking transaction security protocols on the basis of two-factor authentication methods. The aim of the paper is to increase the integrity and authenticity of data packets in banking transactions security protocols, a banking transaction, threat assessment on two-factor authentication methods. A comparative analysis of various systems with two-factor authentication PassWindow system in opposition to various Internet attack scenario is being carried out. An effective method for monitoring a practical twofactor authentication PassWindow system in its application to the banking system., В статье рассматриваются основные методы построения системы двухфакторной аутентификации на основе использования криптографических механизмов обеспечения криптостойкости, формируемых аутентификаторов, оценивается риск различных методов онлайн-атак против различных систем двухфакторной аутентификации, а также рассматривается система PassWindow, обеспечивающая двухфакторную аутентификацию на уникальной способности части матриц передавать информацию таким образом, что она расшифровывается только при наложении физического шаблона знаков предполагаемого получателя и шаблона штрих-кода, получаемых через электронно-сетевые устройства пользователей, стойкость к анализу обеспечивается уникальностью формирования шаблона штрих-кода карточки в виде уникальных статистических изображений, последовательности символов или в виде более расширено анимационной версии. Объектом исследования является процесс повышения целостности и аутентичности пакетов данных в протоколах безопасности банковских транзакций на основе методов двухфакторной аутентификации. Предметом исследования являются методы и алгоритмы контроля целостности и аутентичности пакетов данных в протоколах безопасности банковских транзакций на основе методов двухфакторной аутентификации. Целью работы является повышение целостности и аутентичности пакетов данных в протоколах безопасности банковских транзакций, оценка угроз на методы двухфакторной аутентификации. Проводится сравнительный анализ различных систем двухфакторной аутентификации с системой PassWindow в сфере противостояния различным интернет-сценариям атак. Предлагается эффективный практический метод мониторинга системы двухфакторной аутентификации PassWindow при ее применении в банковских системах.

Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью обеспечить увеличивающиеся каждые 10 лет вдвое потребности человечества в минеральных ресурсах и минимизировать экологический ущерб окружающей среде от катастрофической химизации продуктами горного производства. Цель работы: обоснование технической возможности и экономической целесообразности комбинирования технологий разработки рудных месторождений с использованием хвостов обогащения и выщелачивания руд для управления состоянием рудовмещающих массивов и вовлечением в переработку ранее некондиционных ресурсов. Методы исследования: анализ литературных источников, экспертное моделирование параметров комбинируемых технологий, интерпретация результатов практики, математическое моделирование экономических параметров производства. Результаты. Обоснована техническая возможность и экономическая целесообразность комбинирования традиционных и новых технологий разработки рудных месторождений на основе критерия эффективности технологий, разработана экологоэкономическая модель эффективности использования разнопрочных закладочных смесей на основе утилизируемых хвостов обогащения и выщелачивания, рекомендована технология выщелачивания металлов из некондиционного сырья. Разработаны геомеханические условия комбинирования технологий с закладкой пустот смесями на основе хвостов обогащения и с использованием массивов из хвостов подземного выщелачивания, приведен алгоритм определения прибыли от комбинирования технологий. Выводы. Комбинирование традиционных и новых технологий разработки месторождений открывает возможности экономически эффективной добычи некондиционных руд. Инструментом комбинирования технологий, отвечающих критерию сохранности земной поверхности от разрушения, является использование хвостов обогащения и выщелачивания в управлении состоянием рудовмещающего массива. Комбинирование традиционных и новых технологий разработки месторождений является реальной возможностью одновременного улучшения экономических и экологических показателей разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых. Relevance of the work is caused by the necessity to provide the needs of humanity in mineral resources, doubled every 10 years, and to minimize environmental damage from the disastrous use of chemicals with mining products. The main aim of the research is to study the feasibility and economic efficiency of combining the technologies of exploring ore deposits using tailings and ore leaching to control the state of ore-hosting arrays and involvement previously substandard resources into processing. Methods: the analysis of literature, expert modeling of the parameters of combinable technologies, interpretation of the results of practice, mathematical modeling of production economic parameters. Results. The authors have substantiated technical feasibility and economic efficiency of combining traditional and new technologies to develop ore deposits based on the criterion of technology efficiency, developed the ecological-economic model of efficient use of different strengths filling mixtures based on recyclable tailings and leach technology, recommended the metals leaching technique from substandard raw materials. Geomechanical conditions of combining technologies filling the cavities with mixtures based on tailings and using arrays of tailings of underground leaching were developed. The paper introduces the algorithm for determining the profits of technologies combination. Conclusions. Combination of traditional and new field exploration technologies opens up the possibilities of cost-effective production of sub-standard ores. The use of tailings and leaching in controlling the state of the ore-hosting array is the instrument of combining technologies, which meet the criteria of preserving the earth's surface from destruction. The combination of traditional and new field exploration technologies is a real possibility of improving the economic and environmental indices of exploitation of mineral deposits.

Purpose. The article describes the process of developing the information-measuring test system of diesel locomotives hydraulic transmission, which gives the possibility to obtain baseline data to conduct further studies for the determination of the technical condition of diesel locomotives hydraulic transmission. The improvement of factory technology of post-repair tests of hydraulic transmissions by automating the existing hydraulic transmission test stands according to the specifications of the diesel locomotive repair enterprises was analyzed. It is achieved based on a detailed review of existing foreign information-measuring test systems for hydraulic transmission of diesel locomotives, BelAZ earthmover, aircraft tug, slag car, truck, BelAZ wheel dozer, some brands of tractors, etc. The problem for creation the information-measuring test systems for diesel locomotive hydraulic transmission is being solved, starting in the first place from the possibility of automation of the existing test stand of diesel locomotives hydraulic transmission at Dnipropetrovsk Diesel Locomotive Repair Plant "Promteplovoz".Methodology.In the work the researchers proposed the method to create a microprocessor automated system of diesel locomotives hydraulic transmission stand testing in the locomotive plant conditions. It acts by justifying the selection of the necessary sensors, as well as the application of the necessary hardware and software for information-measuring systems.Findings.Based on the conducted analysis there was grounded the necessity of improvement the plant hydraulic transmission stand testing by creating a microprocessor testing system, supported by the experience of developing such systems abroad. Further research should be aimed to improve the accuracy and frequency of data collection by adopting the more modern and reliable sensors in tandem with the use of filtering software for electromagnetic and other interference.Originality.The authors developed the information-measuring system that improves the hydraulic transmission test process by automating and increasing the accuracy of measurements of control parameters. The measurement results are initial data for carrying out further studies to determine the technical condition of the hydraulic transmission UGP750-1200 during the plant post-repair tests.Practical value.The paper proposed the alternate design of microprocessor hydraulic transmission test system for diesel locomotives, which has no analogues in Ukraine. Automated data collection during the tests will allow capturing the fast processes to determine the technical condition of hydraulic transmission.

The primary objectives of this paper are as follows: 1) to describe the experience of implementing interdisciplinary and single-subject team teaching into the educational process at Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University while teaching English for Specific Purposes; 2) to assess the efficacy of the pedagogy through qualitative and quantitative students’ outcomes; 3) to discuss our experience and give recommendations for those interested in team-teaching. Methods. To evaluate the efficacy of team-based integrative teaching, we used quantitative and qualitative assessment. A set of quantitative pre- and postsurveys were administered in experimental team-taught group and a non-teamtaught «control» group. Students’ motivation and attitudes were evaluated through questionnaires, interviews and discussions. Results. The conducted experiment has showed that students in the experimental group considerably improved their level of mastering foreign language lexicon compared to the students in the «control» group. They also reinforced their motivation for learning English. Based on the results of the questionnaire analysis and discussion, the authors have formulated recommendations for implementing team-teaching technology in educational process. Scientific novelty. The article contributes to the theory of developing the foreign language lexicon under integrative ESP and professional course instruction. The theory is based on combining ESP and professional discipline components at all stages of educational process. In addition, the authors have formulated the main challenges and advantages of single-subject team-teaching variations as well as the application where it brought the best results. Practical significance. The authors suggested some valuable recommendations on planning and implementing the educational process with ESP teamteaching at a technical university.

Цель : Целью статьи является ознакомление читателей с проблематикой безопасности, в том числе, противопожарной охраны на заправочных станциях компримированного природного газа на примере разработанного под опекой Национальной палаты газовой промышленности технического стандарта ST -IGG 1601:2012, относящегося к проектированию, постройке и эксплуатации станции КПГ в Польше. Введение: В Польше работает почти тридцать станций КПГ, но до сих пор не разработаны технические стандарты, касающиеся требований к объектам такого типа. Чтобы упорядочить требования в этой области и облегчить соответствующим службам проектирование, постройку, эксплуатацию и надзор за вышеупомянутыми объектами принято решение об необходимости разработки вышеупомянутого стандарта, принятого в конце концов Комитетом технического стандарта Экономической палаты газовой промышленности в декабре 2012 года. Следует подчеркнуть, что это первый документ в Польше комплексно относящийся к данной тематике. При разработке стандарта были использованы чешские и немецкие правила из этой области, а также проекты нормы ИСО (международной организации по стандартизации). Авторы стандарта адаптировали их записи к техническим и организационными реальностям нашей страны. Принимая в учёт достижение установленной цели статьи, на первых страницах была представлена информация о текущем состоянии и развитии КПГ(Compressed Natural Gas) в Польше. Дальше были рассмотрены некоторые аспекты стандарта, между прочим, касающиеся: оценки риска взрыва и пожара, выбора локализации, планирования землепользования участка, на котором находится станция, устройств для заправки автомобилей, молниезащиты, электрической безопасности, защиты от перегрузок по току, защиты от перенапряжения и от статического электричества. Выводы: Используя содержание рассмотренного стандарта и цитируемых в нём других справочных документов, в том числе правовых актов по пожарной безопасности, можно правильно запроектировать, построить и эксплуатовать заправочные станции компримированного природного газа. Таким образом, кажется разумным принять меры по распространению содержания этого документа среди сообщества конструкторов, пользователей и людей, занимающихся противопожарной защитой зданий. Значение для практики : Практическая значимость рассматриваемых вопросов определена в указанных выше выводах, в свете которых данный стандарт является инструментом для непосредственного использования в проектировании, строительстве и эксплуатации станций КПГ., Aim: The aim of this paper is to present safety issues, including fire protection at Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) fueling stations, on the example of the technical standard developed under the auspices of The Chamber of the Natural Gas Industry ST-IGG 1601:2012 relating to the design, construction and operation of CNG stations in Poland. Introduction: There are nearly thirty CNG filling stations in Poland. But so far, technical standards concerning requirements for this kind of objects haven´t been developed. To organize the requirements in this regard and facilitate appropriate services in designing, constructing, operating and supervising the aforementioned objects, the decision to develop the above-mentioned standard (finally adopted by the Committee of Technical Standard of The Chamber of the Natural Gas Industry in December 2012) was made. It should be emphasized that this is the first document in Poland on the discussed issues in a complex way. While developing the standard Czech and German regulations in this field and draft of ISO standard concerning discussed topic were used and adapted to technical, organizational and formal conditions of our country. In order to achieve the objective of the article described in the first section, information about the current state and development of the CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) market in Poland was provided. Then the authors presented some aspects of the standard, including these related to: the assessment of the risk of explosion and fire, the choice of location, station area arrangements, fuel dispensing devices, lightning protection, shock protection, overcurrent and overvoltage protection and protection against static electricity. Conclusions: Based on the content of the standard and other reference documents mentioned in that standard, including legislation related to fire protection, it is possible to design, construct and operate the stations for refueling vehicles with compressed natural gas properly. Therefore, it seems reasonable to take action on their dissemination among developers, users and people involved in the fire protection of buildings. Implications for practice : The practical importance of discussed issues follows directly from the content of formulated above conclusions, where the presented standard may be seen as a tool to be used directly in the design, construction and operation of CNG stations.

In formation of fruit quality, an application of bio-stimulants that can protect plants against external unfavorable factors and regulate specifically the plant growth, development and metabolism, is prospective, enabling full realization of a varietal potency. In this paper, the data are summarized on studying influence of meteorological conditions of the growing season and the growing factors on the yield and quality of strawberries grown in the southern Russia in 2006-2010. There are reported the results of using GUMI 20K fertilizer and growth regulators Mival-Agro, Stimolante 66f, Alga mix B Mg at the phases of stem extension, early flowering and ripening of berries to control yield formation and chemical composition of strawberries under extreme weather conditions. Due to application of tested preparations, in the varieties Cleary, Arosa, Marmolada the weight of a berry was by 0.7-2.2 g higher as compared to the control. That improves trade quality and ultimately has a positive effect on productivity. Joint use of growth regulators Mival-Agro and fertilizer GUMI 20K improves the quality according to the content of dry matter and sugars (by 7-10 %), organic acids (by 10-15 %), vitamin C (by 9-14 %), and P-active substances (by 3-12 %). It was found out that the use of growth regulators Stimolante 66f and Alga mix B Mg on the Marmolada plants contribute to increased resistance to late spring frosts occurred in 2009. The number of flowers exceeded the control by 9.1 %, and the number of berries was higher by 18.5 % with an average weight of a berry increased by 1.7 g. The berries also accumulated more soluble dry matters (9.0 %) and sugars (6.8 %), their acid content increased (1.0 %), but the synthesis of vitamin C and P-active substances slowed. A response of varieties to the treatments differed. In Arosa variety the similar treatments resulted in decrease of sugar content and acidity, but the concentration of biologically active substances increased as compared to the control. Thus, the application of fertilizers together with growth stimulants can reduce the impact of stresses, improving productivity, fruit quality and content of biologically active substances in strawberries.

Main aim of the study was evaluation of the possibility to realize construction of nuclear power plant from the foundation point of view for selected locality of the wider character and for existing geological and geotechnical conditions. Paper describes feasibility study for the first step, during which only static loading was evaluated. Geological and geotechnical conditions are therefore briefly specified. For 2 typical representatives of nuclear blocs of the third generation produced worldwide (one for lower capacity around 1200 MW and second one for roughly 1800 MW) subsoil improvement was proposed in different alternatives. These alternatives were consequently verified with the help of analytical and numerical methods.

The paper studies ways of parallelization of hybrid immune algorithm of short-term forecasting of time series built on the basis of clonal selection model that uses case-based reasoning and the simplest methods of forecasting. There has been analysis performed of two variants of parallelization having different procedure of messaging between the computational nodes. To implement proposed algorithm used MPI.NET technology for messaging systems. To optimize individual computational nodes operations, TPL library for shared memory systems is used. The work presents results of experimental investigations demonstrating efficiency of the proposed approach.

В статье рассматривается задача синтеза нелинейного регулятора положенияэлектропривода «питателя» упаковочного механизма. Для нахождения субоптимальногозакона управления, использован метод динамического программирования сиспользованием концепции метода инвариантного «погружения». Осуществленомоделирование и произведен сравнительный анализ электропривода со стандартнымилинейными регуляторами положения, а также с синтезированным нелинейнымрегулятором., This paper deals with the procedure of synthesis of a nonlinear position controller for the «feeder» of packaging mechanism. The mathematical model of «feeder» drive with regard to the restriction on the control output of external PLC. Linearization of nonlinear characteristic by the «secants» method is implemented and selected functional quality that defines the minimal time of transients is selected. Quality functional in the form of a quadratic functional with a variable weighting factor is presented. To find the suboptimal control law, the method of dynamic programming method using the concept of an invariant «immersion» is used. In this case, the original nonlinear problem is decomposed into several linear optimal control problems. The problem of synthesis of the position controller «in the small» and «in the large» is solved; the analytical expressions for the control actions are obtained. As a result of the synthesis of the nonlinear control law, containing linear and cubic components of the state variables is obtained. The dynamic characteristics of the «feeder» drive with the standard linear position control, as well as synthetic nonlinear control method of digital simulation are presented.

Hosted network technology gives an opportunity to create the virtual access point. However, client stations are forced to disassociate from AP due to poor configuration. This paper proposes solution to the issue of station disassociation in the hosted networks.

Приведены результаты оптимизации параметров синтеза гидротермальным методом в СВЧ поле легированных Ag наночастиц TiO2. Для оптимизации процесса использовались метод Тагучи (матрица L8) (Taguchi L8) и план второго порядка Дрейпера-Лина (Draper-Lin small composite design). Определены технологические факторы процесса синтеза, как то концентрация примеси, продолжительность и температура процесса, подводимая СВЧ мощность, состав и рН раствора, степень заполнения автоклава, влияющие на стабильность размеров легированных Ag наночастиц TiO2. Показано, что оба использованных метода оптимизации приводит к подобным результатам., The efficiency and competitiveness of using nanomaterials can be increased through introducing scientific experimental designs. For obtaining experimental models which can better approximate the real technological systems, a sufficient number of control factors and of necessary experiment units should be taken into account, having in view their economical aspect, too. Considering the importance of Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles in such domains as industry, environmental protection, health, etc., it is important for manufacturers to obtain nanoparticles of equal dimensions. The present paper is analyzing the ways of improving dimensional stability of Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles produced by the microwave-hydrothermal (M-H) method. In one case, a two-level L8 Taguchi design was used in 8 experiments, with seven control factors. In the other case, the Draper-Lin design of 40 experiments for 7 factors at two levels was utilized. It has been found out that the L8 Taguchi experimental design offers the same results as the Draper-Lin experimental design, but with much fewer experiments.

Analysis of the suspension system of the electric locomotive of type DS3 bt means of block diagrams is presented in the paper., В работе представлен анализ системы подвешивания электровоза типа ДС3 на основе структурных схем., У роботі подається аналіз системи підвішування електровоза типу ДС3 за допомогою структурних схем.

This paper is dedicated to the problem of dynamic verification of Linux file system drivers. Alongside with some existing solutions, the Spruce system is presented, which is dedicated to verification of drivers of certain Linux file systems. This system is being developed in the System Programming Laboratory of Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University in Armenia. Spruce provides a large variety of tests for file system drivers. These tests help not only verify the file system functionality, but also watch the behavior of the driver in case of system failures and in rare paths.

This paper gives an overview of the concept of a new system to support CRM in real-time using data-mining techniques. To ensure that in the modern world of dynamic companies remain in the leaders of their industry they need to continually monitor activity of their customers. Such activities are performed by analysts. Nevertheless, people are unable to handle huge amounts of data, which are encountered by such organizations as banks or mobile operators daily. In this situation information systems come to help. Software Engineering Department Higher School of Economics, in collaboration with IBM Company is conducting research in this area the interim results have been examined in this work.

This paper presents experimental data on the effect of mode of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy on the distribution of hardness over the cross section of the weld.

Modern enterprise systems are highly distributed and heterogeneous. Apart from the latest attempts on leveraging distributed systems with SOA and SOA-like enterprise integration systems, testing still represents a major challenge. This paper discusses practical approach for managing the testing process for distributed systems based on transparent test environment, run-time monitoring of interactions within this environment and interaction model generation. We also outline an approach for test case generation based on the interaction model and test coverage metric based on the coverage of interaction tree.

In this paper we present a virtualization-based approach of protecting execution of trusted applications inside potentially compromised operating system. In out approach, we do not isolate application from other processes in any way instead, we use hypervisor to control processes inside OS and to prevent undesired actions with application resources. The only requirement for our technique to work is presence of hardware support for virtualization no modifications in application or OS are required.

This paper presents an integrated approach to testing automation of telecommunication projects along with proposals to automation of conformance testing. The underlying idea is to benefit from combining formal verification and testing automation techniques in order to improve product quality.

This study addresses an integrated approach to the management procedures for active mate-rials following the changeout of replaceable components and decommissioning of fusion facilities. The attractive environmental features of fusion are put into evidence, and the question of nuclear weapon proliferation relevance of fusion power plants is briefly discussed. Reference is made to previous U.S. and European assessments of the back-end for fusion power plant studies, stressing that most materi-als can be cleared or recycled, and/or disposed of as low-level waste. Just recently, both clearance and recycling concepts and limits have been revised by national and international organizations. These revisions and their consequences have been examined in this paper and the references therein. A new radioactive materials management strategy has been proposed for the clearance, recycling, and disposal approaches

The paper presents a new method for the forecast of time series. This method requires no model of the signal process. It is based on an arrangement of the current situation with situations from the past. With the aid of a fuzzy-processing algorithm, the forecast values are determined from this arrangement. The effectivness is shown at an example for electric load forecast of a power distribution company.

Macroheterogeneous composite materials are good prospects for applications as friction pairs. Macroheterogeneous casted composite materials (MCCM) were developed primary for use in severe working conditions such as heavy loads, elevated temperatures, dusty environment, etc., and to replace bronze and other antifriction plain bearing materials. Due to the production technology, secondary nonferrous alloys and even scrap can be used to produce MCCM. These materials are nearly suitable for all friction parts and are unaffected by dust, sand, and water. The structure of MCCM consists of a matrix with uniformly distributed reinforcing particles (e. g., iron based alloys). This feature allows for a reduction in the consumption of nonferrous alloys up to 70%. Depending on the working conditions (sliding velocities, specific pressure, etc.) different compositions of MCCM can be produced. The application of casting technology provides a cost reduction of plain bearings up to 40% depending on the size and design of parts compared to bronze ones. Moreover, in some cases an abnormally low friction coefficient can be achieved and as a result a wearless condition can be obtained. It is obvious that the service life and performance of bearing materials depend on the processes occurring in the contact area of the friction pairs. So, in order to develop new bearing materials and predict their performance one must have information about the materials' behavior in the contact area. This paper presents some results on the investigations of macroheterogeneous casted composite materials' behavior during dry sliding of plain bearings.