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This article focuses on the promotional aspects related to the tourist attractiveness of the neighboring countries-Poland and Slovakia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the issue in question and point out the importance of the search for ways to increase the effectiveness of management of the area of tourism promotion in both countries. The authors used an empirical research method with quantitative-statistical and qualitative studies on specific promotional campaigns. The Olympic Games have the greatest marketing potential among sporting events, as the most important sporting event in the world. The possibility of organizing such an event in Poland and Slovakia would certainly serve to improve the recognition rates of both countries. The authors will try to demonstrate this potential as part of the considerations in this article. Acknowledgement: This paper was supported by the project NP-KSV-ET-01-2023-12/ST - International cooperation in the field of development, management and law in tourism and sports between the Republic of Poland and Slovak Republic. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and should not be taken as reflecting the position of any authority, entity or institution. This article presents the legal status as of 25 March 2023.

The professional activity of a specialist in modern society is primarily determined by their ability to make competent information interactions. Definitely, information is one of the main resources for the scientific, technical and socio-economic development of society. It plays an important role in the process of educational space modernization where the formation of the ability to find, analyse and process this information takes on special importance, requiring the development of innovative approaches to the research competence shaping future Ph.Ds. in their postgraduate studies. The article is aimed at substantiation of methodological approaches to solving the problem of building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy during postgraduate studies. The objectives of the paper are to define the meaning of the basic component of the article – “approach”, to analyse the fundamental approaches that provide building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy as well as to substantiate the expediency of their use. Complex methods for solving the problems of a scientific paper have been used, including theoretical analysis and synthesis of ideas, results, theoretical statements (explained in scientific literature), generalization and systematization of the results of available investigations of the highlighted issue. Study results. The modern educational system focuses on building future specialists’ competence as a result of their readiness and ability to solve educational problems and carry out research activities. The present paper is devoted to the problem of training future Doctors of Philosophy during postgraduate studies because the transmission to new educational standards significantly increased the relevance of the problem of building research competence that determines a lecturer’s ability to investigate, plan and organize his /her work effectively to achieve the predicted result. The analysis of scientific and pedagogical studies established the conceptual core of methodological approaches to building future specialist’s competence during postgraduate studies. In order to have the holistic view of research competence, its structure and meaning, as well as the laws of its development in relation to future Doctors of Philosophy, fundamental methodological approaches have been systematized, namely acmeological, systemic, cluster, personality-oriented, technological, axiological, competence-based, praxiological, facilitative, participatory, synergistic, meta-subject, and hermeneutic ones. Taking into account the development of new standards and the features of educational paradigms that provide the effectiveness of building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy, the above mentioned complex approaches have been considered as basic and optimal ones. The analysis of best practices clearly shows that there is no common vision of the principles of combining methodological approaches in solving the issue of building research competence. The article presents the experience of combining methodological approaches in solving the issue of building research competence based on the principle of mean full dominants. The author has found out that the use of these approaches will provide the successful process of building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy, their ability to create fundamental scientific developments focused on the shaping of educational space that will develop and improve the personality qualities of future Doctors of Philosophy for successful self-realization.

The paper at issue presents the social functioning of Polish female forms of occupational names (feminativa), as well as their role in the process of sex education, also in relation to perpetration of gender stereotypes. In the first part of the paper, a summary of the historical changes in the usage of feminativa is provided. Next, the usage of feminativa is described in relation to the theoretical basis of sex education, including the development of behavioral patterns. The analysis of linguistic, psychological and psychosexual factors enabled the Authors to show the impact of language on the perception of reality and of the subject’s place within the surrounding environment. Moreover, the Authors conducted the analysis of the role of feminativa in identity construction and in gender discrimination prevention. The paper at issue presents the cultural contexts of language use and its importance for the wellbeing of an individual. Additionally, the paper shows the basis of treating inclusive language as a form of support of the psychological and psychosexual development.

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The equals sign is one of the most important concepts and symbols in mathematics, the understanding of which is crucial for learning and understanding all mathematical content, especially algebra. The paper will draw attention to the problems related to the formation and understanding of this concept, and present a methodological approach to learning based on the context modeling of real-life situations (modeling length, balance, etc.), with the aim of overcoming this misconception. In the empirical section of the paper, we examined the effects of the methodological framework of learning algebra on the understanding of the equals sign through an experiment with parallel groups, and on a sample of the fourth-grade students of primary school (N = 257). The obtained results show that the methodological approach based on the context modeling of real-life situations improves student understanding of the equals sign, as a symbol of mathematical equivalence and their ability to solve problems containing this sign.

The goal of this paper is to examine the difference in dimensions of online university teaching relative to the domain of education. The dimensions of online teaching correspond to the theoretical model of community of inquiry framework developed in the year 2000 by Garrison, Anderson and Archer and comprise teaching, social and cognitive presence. The paper presents an international quantitative research carried out in the school year 2021/2022 and using survey technique among students (N=808) from Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Romania, and Russia. A modified version of an instrument for examining online instruction and its dimensions was applied and tested, while the analysis of the internal consistency of this instrument showed a high level of reliability (α=0,941). The Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated that there are statistically significant differences among the dimensions of online teaching in relation to the field of education. The highest score is consistently observed in the field of Social sciences and humanities, followed by the field of Engineering and technology, Natural sciences and mathematics, Art and interdisciplinary studies, whereas the lowest scores are observed in the field of Medical sciences. The results indicate the specificities of each educational field that were not recognized and taken into consideration by educational technology in its universal approach, which implies the necessity of creating educational technology that would be relevant for different educational fields, as well as focusing on a combination of online instruction and on-site teaching and learning.

The aim of this paper is to examine the attitude towards the implementation of swimming in the teaching of physical and health education of children. The introduction of swimming as a mandatory program content of physical education is one of the possible innovations of this type which was the subject of the research and analysis of this paper. On the basis of theoretical analysis, “The Questionnaire on Swimming in Physical Education,” containing 17 statements which are answered via five-point Likert-type assessment scales was constructed. A total sample of 104 subjects, coaches, teachers of physical education and sport, active senior swimmers, and parents with children between the ages of six and ten were interviewed. The data on the socio-demographic characteristics, swimming, and sports habits were collected. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis and the reliability analysis by Crombach’s Alpha method (α = 0.75) indicate good metric characteristics of the questionnaire. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis show an extremely positive attitude of parents when it comes to swimming in physical education (M = 4.52, SD = 0.29). The descriptive statistical analysis supports the assumption that health and recreational goals of swimming (M = 4.81) are significantly ahead of sports and competition (M = 2.33). When it comes to assessing the emotions associated with swimming, it can also be concluded that recreation (M = 4.85) and entertainment (M = 4.66) are more important than competition (M = 3.72), i.e., that they provoke more positive emotions among children. The results of the variance analysis show that there are no statistically significant differences in attitudes towards swimming in physical education in the subsamples formed according to socio-demographic variables. The obtained results are primarily a confirmation of the positive educational and developmental effects of swimming. Furthermore, many problems exist with the realization of the idea of introducing swimming in regular classes. For such actions, the most important aspects include organization and cooperation of schools, sports centers and the local community, while the financial resources that need to be invested are not so great if the development benefits for children are taken into account. The observed extremely positive attitude of the subjects speaks to their readiness to help and support the implementation of such programs.

The era of digital transformation implies fundamental changes in society, educational processes, professional activities and everyday life of people. This allows building economic relations in a new way, establishing cultural ties, planning, making and implementing decisions. Digital technologies are becoming an important tool for educational transformation and they affect the value of the digital system positively. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the introduction of digital technologies into the system of teaching students at the university. The empirical methods such as questioning, analysis, study and generalization are used in the research. The paper concludes that undergraduate students consider the active introduction of digital transformation into the educational process as a necessary component for acquiring modern digital competencies. The perspectives for the study lie in the introduction of modern digital technologies focused on the widespread use of active teaching methods that contribute to the deepening of the professional specialization of the educational process in the era of the digital economy. The scientific novelty of the paper bases on the fact that the authors examine the impact of digital technologies used in the process of teaching at a university on the degree of students’ readiness to enter a new educational space and to participate in the educational process based on the use of information, communication and digital technologies.

The paper deals with the problems of contemporary engineering education, which were discussed at the 41st IGIP International Conference on Engineering Pedagogy, and the 15thInternational Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (September 26–28, 2012 inVillach, Austria).It describes the main global and local trends in engineering education development discussed by the conference participants from 63 countries of the world. Special attention is given to global partnerships in engineering education in a number of large world class universities in the United States, Great Britain, Germany and Portugal. Successful projects ofexpress training models for engineering university faculty are analyzed.The paper dwells upon examples and methods of using interactive educational technologies for training future engineers, which were discussed in the reports of Kazan National Research Technological University professors.

The paper describes the activities of the International society for engineering education IGIP and its Russian monitoring committee (RMK). Further on, the paper deals with the activities of the Centers of engineering pedagogy founded under the initiative of RMK IGIP in a number of Russian technical universities for the purpose of providing pedagogical,psychological and vocational training for the university faculty and other categories of students.

The article dwells upon the role of tacit knowledge in education of a scientist by the example of scientific psychology. The author leans on Mikhail Rozov’s social relays theory and formulates an idea of nonHremovability of not-verbalized components in scientific activity. Various examples of tacit knowledge manifestations are analyzed such as writing of scientific papers, operating with the referents of psychological knowledge, experimental studies, usingof collector programs. The paper substantiates the need to create conditions for young scientistsin accessing to real scientific practice and to personal contacts with the prominent scientists.

The paper focuses on the training professionals in the field of natural sciences, engineering and technology, mathematics and IT with different levels of education and qualifications (bachelor, master, doctor) for joint innovation activity in interdisciplinary 3D teams. The paper substantiates the need for such training, which stems from digitalization and introduction of Industry 4.0 tools, as well as the desire to overcome the technological backlog of the country. Based on the analysis of the best world practices of innovation activity, the paper proposes to coordinate programs for training of STEM-IT professionals for effective collaboration in 3D-teams by planning the competencies of graduates, taking into account the priorities of scientists, engineers, technologists, mathematicians and IT specialists when working with the division of labor in a team at various stages of creating science-intensive innovative products, systems, processes, and services. The purpose of the research is to develop recommendations for program coordination.

This paper discusses a vocabulary intervention programme for monolingual Polish children. Vocabulary instruction was conducted in a group of children aged 7–9 (N = 77) attending a primary school near Gdansk in Poland. Following a pre-test an intervention group (22 pu- pils receiving instruction over 10 weeks) and a control group (55 pupils) were selected. The taught vocabulary consisted of 20 Polish words.Additionally, another 20 words were carefully selected to form an untaught vocabulary list (control list). Although the intervention group did not achieve a higher mean post-test result in taught words than the control group, the mean increase was larger in the intervention group, confirmed by a test for two means (p = 0.036). The difference was not confirmed for untaught words (p = 0.236). A linear regression mod- el was used to explain which factors influenced post-test results. For taught words only pre-test results had an impact. For untaught words pre-test results and interaction of pre-test results with groups had an impact. The number of sessions attended also influenced post-test results. The paper includes the results of a survey where teachers and parents provided feedback. Although the intervention programme increased children’s vocabulary, it raised some important questions concerning the size of the gain, word selection and conditions of the instruction.

Oral mucosa is an inner lining of oral cavity, which maintains different functions including protection of epithelial integrity. Pathology of oral mucosa can develop in response to the action of pathogenic microorganisms, viruses, and various traumatic factors; it can be a result of systemic pathology of a patient as well. Pain and discomfort usually accompanies such conditions leading to decrease of patient wellbeing. The basis of the pharmacological regulation of the regeneration process is the stimulation of wound healing. The aim is to summarize and discuss the spectrum of remedy options that are used to stimulate epithelization of oral mucosa. The overall goal of the paper is to provide full and comprehensive information for dentists and their patients about medicament variety, ways of theirs application and dosage. Methods. Relevant literature from MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, and in open access journals which are published by Elsevier was selected using the following key words «oral mucosa», «epithelization», and «remedy» were used in various combinations by the year of 2023. In total there were found 48 papers. To the selected scientific papers we applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to choose the relevant ones. Conclusions. A significant number of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity are available nowadays on dental market. Numerous studies substantiates the effectiveness of their use in dentistry. Therefore, when choosing pharmacological drugs, preference is given to drugs with a complex effect, which locally affect various links of the pathogenetic mechanism of the occurrence of diseases and do not disturb human wellbeing.

Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological disease characterized by the presence of the uterine mucosa that functions in accordance with the menstrual cycle outside of its usual location. This disease significantly reduces the quality of life of women facing numerous ailments, most often pain, and may lead to reduced fertility. The prevalence of endometriosis is difficult to determine due to the complexity and lengthy diagnosis. It is estimated that this disease occurs in 3-8% of women of reproductive age, and symptoms may also appear after menopause. It is worth noting that the relationship between the disease's severity and endometriosis symptoms is often not proportional. The aim of the paper is to present a case report of a 23-year-old female patient with endometriosis, to differentiate the disease from irritable bowel syndrome and to draw attention to the problematic and lengthy diagnostic process due to the multitude of symptoms from various organs. Material and method: Study of an individual case of a patient and a review of scientific articles available in Google Scholar and a review of publicly available textbooks in the field of medicine. The paper emphasizes the need to broaden the knowledge about endometriosis by specialists in many fields of medicine and points to the lack of quick, minimally invasive tests enabling efficient diagnosis of the disease. Increasing the awareness of doctors including other specializations than gynaecology, organizing campaigns to increase awareness of the disease among women, which may contribute to earlier diagnosis of patients, earlier application of an effective treatment, and improvement of patients' quality of life.

Introduction:Lipid disorders are one of the most common modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Until now, the mainstay of dyslipidemia treatment was the use of widely available statins. These drugs, despite significantly lowering cholesterol and bringing its concentration to desired values were associated with a number of side effects. In addition, the need for daily use of statins is inconvenient for patients and leads to their irregular use and, consequently, failure to achieve the desired effect. The new drug, inclisiran, which is a PCSK9 inhibitor, represents the future in the treatment of lipid disorders. Studies conducted to date have explored the drug's mechanism of action, frequency of administration to achieve the desired effect, and side effects. The results of these studies have confirmed the significant efficacy of inclisiran,which may become a major form of treatment for dyslipidemia in the future. Purpose of the work: This article reviews the state of knowledge based on available studies on inclisiran. The aim of the review is to present the most important information about this drug related to the mechanism of action, effects on the body or assessment of efficacy. Materials and methods: The authors, based on databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, created a paper summarizing a review of currently available publications, concerning a new drug in the treatment of dyslipidemia- inclisiran. The authors searched for available information , using terms under the heading "key words" contained in other scientific papers. Summary Inclisiran is a novel drug that represents the future in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Due to the lack of systemic effect, it has insignificant side effects, and the need for such rare administration will allow to obtain the desired lipid concentrations even in patients who do not cooperate.

The primary purpose of this paper is to determine and prove the impact of loads with different intensities on the treadmill on the heart frequency, as well as to prove the relationship and impact of some anthropometric and motor parameters on the physiological one in the manifest space. In harmony with the purpose of the research, three basic hypotheses have been presented that cover the anthropological research fields. In this paper, 19-year-old students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences are included. To achieve the purpose of the paper, a sample of 80 students who were regular students during the year 2022/2023 was included. Four anthropometric variables, three motor tests (running tests) and four physiological tests (pulse at rest and during loads) are included in this paper. For the three groups of the system of variables, the basic statistical and distribution parameters for each variable, as well as the measures of asymmetry and normal distribution, were calculated. Then the correlations between the variables in the manifest space, as well as the correlations between the system of variables. In order to determine the relationship between predictor variables (anthropometric and motor characteristics) and criterion variables (results of functional skills), regression analysis was applied in the manifest space. The processing of the results shows that the obtained values do not deviate from the normal distribution, which completes their metric characteristics. The impact of morphological and motor factors on heart rate results has not been proven.

“Education 4.0” should be consistent with the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The reforms of engineering education as its component require new competences of technical university teachers who are responsible for these reforms and as a result, trigger the improvement of further teachers’ professional development programs to train them for that. Such a program is also one of the aims of the project “Effective training model of technical discipline lecturers for the purpose of obtaining “International Educator of Engineering University” certificate – “ING-PAED IGIP”. It is realized by Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) that was recognized as a Federal Innovative Platform in 2020.The project is aimed at designing an additional program intended to develop technical university teachers’ competences that are, on the one hand, relevant to the needs of Russian higher school, and, on the other hand, correspond to the requirements for applying for the title «ING-PAED IGIP» of the International Society for Engineering Pedagogy (IGIP). In order to achieve that it is necessary to identify if technical university teachers’ competences that are relevant in Russia correspond the competences determined in IGIP.In order to solve this problem, the authors undertook comparative analysis of the competencies registered in two documents: RF Professional Standard “Pedagogue of professional teaching, professional education and additional professional education” and the Fourth IGIP Prototype Curriculum.The paper specifies the notion of technical university teacher competence for the research, validates the possibility of the two documents comparison, describes the procedure of comparative analysis on the basis of compiling summary tables.The paper also gives the main conclusions of the comparative analysis. It proves that RF Professional Standard covers all the competences required by Fourth IGIP Prototype Curriculum. RF Professional Standard registers teachers’ actions more distinctly, consistently, and with more details. The research revealed the competences relevant for Russian higher education, but not necessary for IGIP. The research also allowed to formulate preliminary recommendations for designing additional teachers’ professional development program in the MADI project.

The paper raises the issue of the relevance of creating generalized syllabi for each enlarged group of majors, when teaching linguistic disciplines of compulsory and optional parts of the curriculum related to the subject area «Foreign Language». The authors show the need for generalized syllabi as being grounded by existing controversies in modern foreign language training. The paper suggests a concept that substantiates the demand for targeted generalized syllabi for this discipline and contains a number of principles, which can help to design their optimal content. The notions of «zones of near and further content and competence integration» are introduced. The content of these zones is revealed, and their role in modelling the key components of generalized syllabi is shown. Integrated foreign language professional communicative competence of an engineering graduate is introduced as a prospective model of foreign language competence. It is regarded as an integrative notion combining traditional components of communicative competence with professional knowledge, skills and experience involved in the process of mastering cross-cultural professional communication. The realization of the concept principles in the content of generalized syllabi aims at the reflection of university graduates’ real foreign language communication needs in their professional activity in learning outcomes in accordance with the FSES HE 3 ++. The authors express certainty that the concept of generalized syllabi will allow to initiate the process of their creation and will become a stimulus to the development of foreign language teaching methodology in a non-linguistics university.

The paper looks at the status of speech culture instruction in the lower grades of elementary school. Given that some teaching content related to speech culture is aimed at adoption and development of speech culture, the main goal of this paper is to determine the level of representation of this language area in grammar textbooks for elementary school that are currently in use. It was therefore necessary to identify when exactly pupils encounter this type of content for the first time, how this teaching segment is approached in grammar textbooks and reference books for elementary school, and how this area is treated in the classroom, namely, what exercises and tasks are used to improve pupils’ communication skills from the perspective of speech culture. The author of the paper analyzed Serbian language textbooks for the lower grades of elementary school and selected the teaching units and exercises related to speech culture, including proper pronunciation, accent, and intonation. It was important to establish the level of representation of these areas in the textbooks, given that phonetics and accentology are taught in the higher grades, while intonation is not covered at all. Different exercises can be used to develop speech culture of pupils in the lower grades of elementary school. Bearing this in mind, the author, relying on the research and relevant literature, offers a possible solution for teaching speech culture.

n the introductory part of the paper, based on the relevant and professional literature in the domain of art, the authors look at the significance of visual arts for the entire development and goodquality education of children. The total numer of lessons assigned for the school subject Art in the curricula for grades one to four of elementary education in Serbia is taken into consideration in order to point to the status of this subject in the lower grades of elementary school. The pandemics caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 began in 2020 and it is still present in the world. It has redefined our way of living and made teachers look for new forms of organizing their lessons in line with the epidemiological measures. The aim of this paper is to investigate, in the context of Art instruction, how elementary school teachers have coped with the challenges created by the pandemic and determine whether this teaching area has changed its status relative to other teaching areas. The respondents to our questionnaire were 138 (N=138) elementary school teachers from different Serbian towns. The obtained results indicate that these teachers had to modify and adapt their teaching to a considerable extent. The conclusion is that elementary school teachers stress out the negative effects of the changes – a reduced number of Art lessons, shorter duration of lessons, the impossibility of pair and group work, as well as the introduction of online lessons – on the development of children’s art creativity.

Creative, modern teaching of Serbian language actualizes the issue of the place of local speech of students in grammar teaching. When adopting a language standard, it is necessary to start from the local speech of the students and compare these two language idioms. Accordingly, the subject of this paper is the local speech of elementary school students from Vranje in teaching Serbian grammar. The aim of this paper is to determine the degree of presence of certain linguistic traits in dialect form in the speech of students and their representation in the Serbian language curricula (grammar teaching) for elementary school. For the purpose of this paper we determined the frequency of using dialect forms of certain linguistic traits by calculating the frequency index, in accordance with the methodology of sociolinguistic studies, and then we analyzed the Serbian language curricula. The obtained results show which linguistic traits do not cause major problems in adoption, which has to be taken into account in Serbian language teaching process. According to the obtained results, possible directions of curriculum innovation are indicated in line with the speaking habits of students from Vranje. The analytical framework proposed in this paper offers a model of students’ local speech research, which could be applied in some further extensive research of student speech in the wider area of Prizren-Timok speech area. The research following this model could contribute to the innovation of the Serbian language curricula in elementary school and their adaptation to the Prizren-Timok speaking area.

The paper focuses on the urgent problems of linguadidactics caused by Covid-19 pandemic and the need to implement online learning at all Ukrainian institutions of higher learning. English for Specific Purposes online learning involves modern methods that are constantly being improved. They are aimed at effective interaction of all participants in the learning process. The Department of Foreign Languages in Lviv polytechnic national university analyzed the feedback from the teaching staff and students concerning methods applied in online classes which were held during the quarantine period in 2020–2021. Observations of teaching experience, as well as the positive feedback from students proved that online learning English for specific purposes can be as effective as the offline one. The study considers a number of important principles that should be followed in order to succeed in distance learning. English for Specific Purposes online tools involved both synchronous and asynchronous methods. The former methods included videoconferences held with the help of various applications, e.g. Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet etc. Asynchronous means consisted of using instant messengers, email, educational platforms, i.e. virtual learning environment of the university based on the Moodle platform. We conducted a survey among students of five groups of different technical specialties. The survey aimed at finding out their opinion concerning effectiveness of ESP online lessons. It helped to discover what kind of difficulties the students had faced. The survey also allowed us to understand which types of activities were better perceived during video conferences in comparison with lessons in the classroom (i.e. listening and watching video). The analysis of the results obtained brought us to a conclusion about the most efficient way of conducting online classes. Thus, a combination of asynchronous and synchronous methods appeared to be the most effective tool for online mastering of ESP. On the one hand, the asynchronous method can be effective to consolidate lexical and grammar material, as well as develop reading skills. On the other hand, synchronous method provides direct communication in the «student-teacher» format and is the most effective means of transmission and acquiring new knowledge in the discipline of English for Specific Purposes. It also develops speaking skills while involving students in work with breakout rooms. The paper also discusses the issue of students’ knowledge and skills assessment. The process of control has become automated and, thus, more convenient. Diagnostic and control works were performed in the form of current and final tests, hosted on the Moodle platform (virtual learning environment of Lviv Polytechnic National University). This greatly facilitates teacher’s work; as such tests contain a convenient option of automatic checking the correctness of students’ answers to the tests.

Introduction. In a developed society, the state should invest in the education of the younger generation. In less developed countries, Albania included, there are no nation-wide studies to show the factors that affect the lack of students in classrooms. The purpose of this study is to predict, analyze, and evaluate the possible causes of student absenteeism using machine learning algorithms. The attributes taken into account in this study are related to the family, demographic, social, university, and personal aspects according to academic criteria. Materials and Methods. Student absenteeism covers any student that has not attended class, irrespective of the reason. The data set consists of 26 attributes and 210,000 records corresponding to the teaching hours of 500 students during an academic year at Faculty of Information Technology. The students participating in the survey range from 18 to 25 years of age of both genders. The compilation of the student questionnaire was based on reviewing the literature and analyzing 26 attributes that we categorized into 5 groups included in the questionnaire. Results. This paper provides knowledge in the analysis and evaluation of factors that lead students to miss lectures using machine learning. It is important to note that this study was conducted on students of this faculty, and as such, the results may not be generalized to all universities. That’s why, researchers are encouraged to test the results achieved in this paper on other clusters. Discussion and Conclusion. The paper provides recommendations based on the findings by offering different problem-solving strategies. The questionnaire used only for 500 Faculty of Information Technology students can be widely applied in any educational institution in the region. However, the results of this study cannot be generalized for the student and youth population of other regions or other countries. This paper provides an original and easily usable questionnaire suitable to various study programs and universities.

This paper continues observing the main achievements of studies on the history of philosophical education, science and culture of China in the universities of the capital of independent Ukraine since its proclamation in 1991 and to this day. In 2021, we celebrated the 30th anniversary of our Motherland’s difficult but irreversible return to the circle of famous world powers as a historical descendant of UkraineRus as a known co-creator of European civilization. This jubilee coincided with the 30th anniversary of Ukraine’s development of the vector of its geopolitical partnership in the Asia-Pacific, primarily with the People’s Republic of China. As evidenced by the results of this cooperation in education and science, considered in the first paper of this series, not only many Ukrainian academic institutions, first of all, the A. Yu. Krymskyi Institute of Oriental Studies of the NAS of Ukraine and the H. S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the NAS of Ukraine played the main role in the growth of modern domestic, in particular philosophical, Chinese studies. As it turned out, this role is also performed by a number of Kyiv universities, f.e. Sinologists of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, such as V. Sednev, S. Kostenko, N. Kirnosova, Y. Shekera, G. Bokal, O. Boichenko, V. Urusov, S. Rudenko, etc. Like their colleagues from other Kyiv universities, namely: the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”(NaUKMA), Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Kyiv National Linguistic University, Vadym Hetman Kyiv National Economic University, – they jointly made a significant contribution to the study of Chinese philosophical thought. It is noteworthy that this progress was obtained as a result of their active teamwork with the Sinological Centers of the said academic institutes, the Ukrainian Association of Sinologists, Chinese studies hotbeds of each other, and other Ukrainian universities and Chinese colleagues. This paper deals with the general analysis of the study, mainly of the history of Taoism, Confucianism and Chinese Buddhism, in these five universities of the capital of Ukraine, primarily in the Center for Oriental Studies the second one of them, the Confucius School of the third and the Sinological subdivisions of the fourth, as well as in the group of Sinological centres of universities in other regions of Ukraine.

The paper deals with comparative analys is of international university rankings methodology and a complex of measures for Russian higher education development suggested by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. It is revealed that the “roadmap” for higher education development does not allow predicting improvement of national university ranking in international surveys. Some important directions for Russian university recognition by international educational society are suggested in the paper.

This paper is the first one from the coming soon articles with a description of the results and findings of the project “Tuning of educational structures”. The article highlights the main goals and results of the project “Tuning Russia” conducted in Russia in the period of 2010–2013. Special attention is paid to the basic approaches of the drafting the Reference points of the educational programs in different subject areas. Some findings from the survey of the opinion of academy, alumni, students and employers on the importance and achieved level of the professional competencies in Economics are given. The paper describes several kinds of activities to be done by the Tuning centers were established in 13 Russian universities participated in the project “Tuning Russia”.

The article presents the classification of information types on different criteria. The requirements for the quality of scientific information are characterized. The author considers the nature of modern students’ interaction with the digital information environment and demonstrates the need for development of students’ information processing skills. The technology of information processing by students is introduced. The paper describes the basic methods and techniques of working with the texts contents when fulfilling creative tasks and writing scientific research papers. The results of this research have practical application ineducational process of higher educational institution.

An increasingly frequent criticism of the school system refers to the insufficient connection between pedagogical and educational processes, i.e., the fact that the pedagogical function of the school is neglected in everyday school practice. The pedagogical role of the school can be discussed in general or more specifically, given the extent to which the school can contribute to encouraging the moral development of students and the operationalization of the tasks of moral education. So far, empirical research on moral education in our schools has been small, which indicates that this area is insufficiently researched and does not respond to the modern-day needs of pedagogical practice, especially the area related to the structure of school activities. The aim of this paper is to point out the potential and effects of curricular and extracurricular activities on the moral development and moral education of pupils. Focusing on the discrepancy between normative and practical functioning of schools, the authors emphasize in the introductory part of the paper the importance of the pedagogical role of the school from the aspect of moral development and moral education. Based on the review of the previous theoretical and research findings in this field, the characteristics of moral development are indicated as well as their compliance with the goals of moral education and the forms of pedagogical activities in schools. In addition, by considering the structure of school activities and the role of various participants in the educational process in the operationalization of the pedagogical role of the school, and based on modern pedagogical and didactic standpoints, the opportunities offered by and the effects of the curricular and extracurricular activities on moral development and moral education of pupils are considered as well. The authors of the paper emphasize in the conclusion which preconditions have to be met to make school activities functional in terms of pupils’ moral development and moral education.

According to the new Curriculum for the second grade of elementary education (2018), the Latin alphabet is taught, in schools where Serbian is the mother tongue, as the second alphabet, after the acquisition of the Cyrillic alphabet. The new textbooks which follow the new Curriculum (2018) were written and published by numerous authors and publishing houses in 2019. Consequently, 12 textbooks in the Catalogue of textbooks for the second and sixth grades of elementary education are listed as approved textbooks for learning the Latin alphabet. Furthermore, two publishing houses have listed two textbooks for the same subject respectively, only written by different authors, and one publishing house offers a digital edition as well. These textbooks have different titles, concepts, and volume. The goal of this paper is to analyze the content for the Latin alphabet learning in the current Curriculum and in the accredited textbooks. In the paper, we analyze first the Curriculum (2018), i.e., the outcomes, content, and instructions for learning the Latin alphabet, and secondly, the methodological concept of the textbooks for learning the second writing system according to the Curriculum. The methodological analysis is focused on the framework of the curriculum, the concepts, and functionality of textbooks for learning the Latin alphabet. After an in-depth analysis, it was concluded that the current Curriculum (2018) does not contain detailed instructions for learning the Latin alphabet, therefore, the concepts of various textbooks for learning this alphabet differ significantly.

The report presents the results of the international scientific conference “Special-Needs Education and Socio-Cultural Integration – 2021: Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication and Technologies for Students with Special Educational Needs in the Digital Age”. The conference was organized by Saratov State University, Faculty of Psychological, Pedagogical and Special Education, Department of Speech Therapy and Psycholinguistics. The events held within the framework of the conference are briefly described: plenary and panel sessions; round tables, a masterclass, a competition of student scientific papers. The report reflects on the scientific problems raised at the plenary and panel sessions, as well as the topics of the round tables and the content of the masterclass. The results of the competition of student scientific papers have been summed up.

The paper is devoted to the traditional Bessermian holiday akayashka associated with the beginning of spring agricultural work. The ritual complex of the holiday lasted for three or four days, and each day had its own name: arafa, akayashka ~ akashka, akayashka kelyan. Relevance. The Udmurt ritual cycle akashka (beserm. akayashka) is described in sufficient detail by researchers of the 19th – early 21st centuries. There have been attempts in recent works to reconstruct the origin and evolution of ritual elements. However, some of the earlier descriptions in similar studies have been left without due attention. The etymologies of some terms related to the celebration of akayashka are not fully disclosed, or they are questionable and need further research or clarification. Conclusion. In this paper, for the first time, the etymologies of the words cholpan (a mallet used to beat on wood to exorcise evil spirits on the first day of the celebration of akayashka) and argar (a rite on the eve of Akayashka with a request from the Almighty God for a harvest) are revealed; the reason for the creation of the name of the rite burdo shөd ‘winged soup’, the analogues of which are absent in Udmurt dialects, is defined; the reasons for the difference in the celebration of the rites of the akayashka ~ akashka ~ gershyd cycle, which have the same source of origin, are also specified.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a commonly determined biomarker of inflammation and may reflect the progression of a vascular disease. CRP values within 12 to 24 hours of stroke symptom onset are an independent predictor of adverse functional outcome in terms of the level of motor recovery in the first year of follow-up. Objective: This study aims to provide a complementary analysis of the scientific literature and critically review studies on the use of CRP as a potential biomarker associated with stroke and affecting the achievement of neurorehabilitation progress in post-stroke patients. Methods: This critical review of the literature was prepared based on the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research, (2) studies indexed in PubMed, Scopus and PEDro databases, (3) full-text articles in English, (4) papers published in 2012 – 2022, and (5) papers addressing the use of PCR assay as a biomarker of rehabilitation effectiveness. Results: Based on a review of PubMed, Scopus and PEDro databases, 47, 56 and 9 papers, respectively, were selected based on precisely selected keywords and included in full for further full text review. In this review, the most important scientific rationale was included in response to the aim of this paper. Summary: Recognition of the role of inflammatory and immunological factors in the development of atherosclerosis and the occurrence of ischaemic stroke provides scope for the search for new methods of stroke risk assessment and the development of new methods to prevent stroke. Further empirical validation and unequivocal demonstration of the levels of CRP as a potential marker that affects the health status of a post-stroke patient are needed to ensure the greatest possible level of motor recovery and ability to function independently in terms of all activities of daily living.

INTRODUCTION: Retinoids are a broad group of natural and synthetic compounds derived from vitamin A. Many studies have shown strong anti-aging effects, and they have also been shown to have therapeutic effects on acne vulgaris or psoriasis. Vitamin A and its derivatives make the skin more elastic and smooth, cause a decrease in fine wrinkles and cause an increase in fibroblast activity and collagen fiber production. Retinoid compounds regulate biological processes of the skin such as immune processes, angiogenesis, proliferation and differentiation. THE AIM OF STUDY: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of retinoids and the use of the substances in skin diseases. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Literature review of PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct and evaluation of available randomized controlled trials using retinoids in terms of treatment effectiveness in terms of skin quality, anti-aging benefits use in dermatology. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A and its derivatives plays an important role in anty-aging prevention and treatment of skin diseases, such as acne vulgaris, psoriasis and photo-aging. There are still many ongoing studies and not known opportunities of its use to treat other skin diseases that we should be aware of and keep track of new papers that indicate such.

Introduction and purpose: The aim of artificial sweeteners is to replace the sweetness of sugar without contributing to the higher energy consumption or unfavorable metabolic effects conventional sugar causes. Synthetic sweeteners - one of the most popular groups - are labeled as safe for use in foods and represented by acesulfame K, aspartame, neotame, saccharin, sucralose, cyclamate and advantame. Although they underwent safety procedures, their possible unbeneficial effects are still being evaluated. In this paper we focus on their impact on the gut microbiome. Brief description of the state of knowledge: For now, the advantage of search conducted on animals is observed. Those papers show the possibility of a relationship between artificial sweeteners and composition of the gut microbiota. Changes that were observed affected the gut microbiota in a negative way as they may be responsible for causing disbalance in the conglomerate of microorganisms. Studies on humans are limited. Long term consumption of acesulfame K and sucralose is linked with modulation of the composition of the microbiota. It has also been shown that synthetic sweeteners are able to increase the ability of bacteria to form a biofilm. Conclusions: Heretofore published paperworks about the impact of synthetic sweeteners on the gut microbiota are not sufficient to conduct valuable and unambiguous conclusions. Evidence collected until now is leading to a deduction that gut microbiota can be affected by the consumption of the sugar surrogates although more data is needed to clearly determine their possible role.

During the autumn season, it is common for mushroom pickers to eat poisonous mushrooms. This is due to many reasons, including the ignorance of pickers. The most common is the misidentification of inedible species as edible mushrooms. The result is poisoning, which in many cases requires hospitalization. This paper presents a case report of toadstool poisoning by a 62-year-old female patient. In addition, other relevant publications on intoxication, diagnostic methods and treatment are reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to present the management and treatment of a case of toadstool poisoning. The effects of mushroom poisoning can range from mild disorders, mainly gastrointestinal to organ failure and even death. Significant elevations of liver enzymes and prothrombin time are important in laboratory tests in cases of intoxication. Treatment most often involves specific antidotes, such as Sylimarin, Acetylcysteine. The diagnosis in most cases is made on the basis of the clinical picture and a thorough interview with the patient, and the diagnosis is established by detecting toxins in a urine test. The prognosis is better if patients with toadstool poisoning are admitted to the hospital early. It is worth noting that gastrointestinal syndromes can also result from eating raw or inadequately cooked mushrooms, and by eating them excessively or too often. Proper diagnosis and treatment of mushroom poisoning can save lives. It is very important to raise public awareness of mushroom poisoning, as well as early detection of potential signs of intoxication. Cooperation with the poison center and mycologists is very important, especially in high-risk cases.

The paper is devoted to education and training of professionals in the IT field in classical universities in the context of the implementation of the Federal Project “Human Resources for the Digital Economy” of the National Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. The general approach, goals and content of fundamental education and specialized training of Bachelors, Masters and PhD-holders to complex, innovative and research activities have been determined. The structure of Bachelor, Master and PhD programs of the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science of Tomsk State University modernized on the basis of the above approach, is presented. The paper pays special attention to the training of T-Shaped specialists in IT in classical universities, dwells on the fundamental education of IT specialists. The results of the coordination of programs with employers and students are given.

The rapid pace of innovation and the increased quantity of information are affecting the traditional educational routes. Schools are now facing quite a new task: how to teach children to learn. The developmental learning approach of Elkonin and Davidov provides rich experience of solving this task. The paper describes a technology of learning space polarization that promotes learning autonomy in primary school and has been successfully applied in developmental learning classes. We explore the prerequisites of individual learning action formation, the action which is self-motivated, independent and responsible. We also describe three lines of learning autonomy development in students: result, research and product. The paper concludes with a description of the evolution of learning autonomy and its social/institutional forms and relates its stages to certain age periods in the child development.

The paper analyses differences in the expression and determination of the educational and developmental activity of students in everyday life and under forced social isolation. The study was conducted on a sample of young students (N=338) aged 16—25 years (M=19.9; SD=2.1), 63.9% female. The following methods were used: the authors’ questionnaire aimed at identifying the intensity of educational and developmental activity in different life conditions; the technique “Activity of personality under forced social restrictions” (by N.V. Usova, I.V. Arendachuk, M.A. Klenova); the technique “Assessment of mental activation, interest, emotional tonus, tension and comfort” (by L.A. Kurgansky, T.A. Nemchin). The study found that under self-isolation the educational and developmental activity of students is higher than in ‘normal’ life. The paper also shows how various psychological features determine such activity. The less the students under self-isolation display educational and developmental activity, the more it is due to reactions of frustration and is further compensated by the transfer of activity to family relationships. Those students who display high educational and developmental activity tend to be more confident of having control over their life. They focus on professional development, recreation and entertainment. More or less, the display of educational and developmental activity of students greatly depends on their psychological and emotional states.

The paper analyzes the notions of parents and teachers about the reasons behind low academic achievements of children as well as about the opportunities to overcome learning difficulties provided by modern Russian schools. The study uses data from surveys of parents, students and teachers of comprehensive schools conducted as part of the Monitoring of the Economics of Education (IEE) implemented by the National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE) in the academic year 2020-2021.It is shown that the parents of low-achieving students notice the lack of attention from schools to the problems of children with learning difficulties, the lack of additional classes and support from specialists to overcome these difficulties. This group of parents demonstrates a higher level of willingness to transfer their children to another school. As for the teachers working in schools with a large number of poorly performing students, they tend to have a lower sense of responsibility for the academic success of students and a higher level of dissatisfaction with the choice of profession. They are less likely to receive support from various specialists (psychologists, special needs teachers, etc.), and as they realize they lack the professional skills necessary for working with children with learning and behavioral difficulties, they tend to engage more in professional development activities. The paper concludes that the psychological climate existing in classes and schools with a high proportion of underachieving students is an impediment in overcoming low academic performance, and that the groups of parents and teachers experiencing the greatest difficulties in providing quality education also experience the greatest deficit of support.

Low readiness for independent living is what underlies the problems of social adaptation in children and adolescents from orphan organizations. This review explores how scientists and practitioners interpret this very concept of readiness for independent living. It is shown that the external determinants of readiness for independence in orphans are associated with the specifics of their growing up and fall within the research field of social adaptation of orphanage graduates. The paper describes the internal determinants of readiness for independent living as stable sociopsychological features that are essential prerequisites for success in independent living. The sets of allocated characteristics are revealed depending on the key system-forming concept: independence, resilience, life skills, competencies, self-determination. The paper analyzes the influence of the chosen approach on the content of training activities aimed at promoting readiness for independent living and on its assessment. The multidimensional character of the factors related to readiness for independent living requires complex preparation and training. The paper concludes with some suggestions concerning the modernization of such training for adolescents from orphan organizations.

The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the response to COVID-19 and evolution through different models of online instruction during the pandemic at a large Canadian university. This paper primarily focuses on the approach taken by the Faculty of Education including the necessary restructuring of the processes, organization of the workforce, support configurations, and institutional constraints. The factors that impacted changes in the curriculum are examined. Three distinct phases were identified and compared: 1) remote teaching, 2) fully online using a combination of synchronous and asynchronous instruction, and 3) a diversity of hybrid approaches. The paper highlights a number of challenges experienced with online education during the pandemic. Each one of them presents both barriers and opportunities. The process has made way for a potential transformation of educational practice at North American universities. This will likely come as a combination of increased knowledge and practice of online learning during the pandemic, and as a need to reshape traditional institutional structures to reflect the shifted landscape of education. It has opened discussions on equity and accessibility, learner-centered design, and the potential for change in the classroom and educational programming.

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The paper presents the results of the theoretical analysis of the scientific (original scientific papers, reviews, and short scientific papers) and professional papers investigating the problem of individualization in teaching, that were published in the Teaching Innovations journal from 1983, when the first issue of the journal was published, until the last published issue No. 4 in 2020. The aim of the research in this paper was to critically inspect how the problem of individualization in teaching was treated in the research papers published in the journal and to draw lessons about the conceptual and methodological approaches and implications for teaching practice in modern terms. The units for theoretical analysis were: the number of the relevant papers in relation to the total number of the papers by the year of publication of the journal, the type of the papers according to the current classification of papers published in the journal, theoretical aspects from which the authors consider the problem of individualization in teaching, and methodological approach. The results of the research show that during 33 years of publishing the Journal, 63 papers have been published that research the problem of individualization in teaching; the majority of the papers are professional papers; analytical approach prevails in the research (literature analysis and analysis of specific classes). The authors usually start from a general didactic approach, while methodological aspect is most common in the treatment of individualization in the Serbian language teaching and mathematics teaching. Based on the results of the analysis, some implications are pointed out from the aspect of development of student competencies and professional competencies of teachers.

In this paper, we will demonstrate in what way and to what extent the university teaching of the Italian language as an elective and compulsory-elective academic course has changed in the online context imposed in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic. The transition from classroom teaching to online teaching (pure e-learning, then blended learning) in synchronous and asynchronous form significantly influenced a number of factors important for the acquisition of the Italian language and introduction to the elements of Italian civilization and culture. The aim of the research was to examine the efficacy of organized (a)synchronous online teaching, to determine to what extent this second way of teaching affects students’ academic motivation to learn Italian as an elective second foreign language, and to establish preconditions for achieving various aspects of motivation: experience with online teaching, achievement, technical difficulties, and attitudes about online teaching. The research was conducted among students of different departments at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad. The study involved 136 students of Italian (85% of respondents), aged 19 to 33 years (AC = 20.55) who had online classes. Using latent profile analysis, four profiles of academic motivation were registered: highly motivated (8% of respondents), moderately motivated (49%), low autonomously motivated (17%) and highly unmotivated (26%). The paper presents affiliations with the profiles in relation to: 1.) experience in online teaching before the pandemic, 2.) academic achievement, 3.) difficulties with the Internet connection during online teaching, and 4.) attitudes about online teaching. The results of the research indicate that the largest number of students prefer live teaching to online, but also that previous experience in online teaching has a significant impact on maintaining optimal or achieving a high level of motivation.

In the conditions of online teaching and working in digital environment, digital portfolio is one of important tools in the process of improving the quality of teaching and the implementation of the student-oriented model of university teaching. The aim of this paper is to create a model of a reflective digital portfolio for foreign languages for specific purposes at the Teacher Education Faculty, University of Belgrade, with the aim of raising the level of language and digital literacy in the conditions of hybrid and online teaching. In addition to the modeling method, a case study was used which included students attending the academic course of Educational Technology at the Teacher Education Faculty, with a focus on interdisciplinary connections with foreign languages for specific purposes. The paper discusses the theoretical starting points, the possibilities and challenges of using a digital portfolio teaching foreign languages for specific purposes. The review and analysis concluded that a hybrid model is a starting model for an efficient digital portfolio development, and that the digital portfolio can be successfully used in both formative and summative evaluation of student achievement, with horizontal and vertical interdisciplinary connections playing a key role.

An invisible, yet cruel virus has made the entire world face a new reality. Regardless of the degree to which online communication had already been used in educational settings before the Covid-19 pandemic, almost no one working in education had a feeling of being ready to work in the new circumstances. The process of migration to emergency remote language teaching and learning was stressful for all stakeholders in education – management, lecturers, students and their parents. Relying on the reflective and descriptive methods, the paper investigates the advantages and disadvantages of digital tools and platforms for remote collaborative learning, primarily ZOOM, Microsoft Teams, Jitsi Meet, and online learning management systems, recognised by the students and teachers within the mandatory and elective General English, ESP and EMI courses at the Teacher Education Faculty, University of Belgrade and Belgrade Metropolitan University. We conducted qualitative research by using structured and unstructured interviews and monitoring students’ collaborative work. In the conclusion, the paper emphasises the aspects of educational technologies which have proved to be beneficial for everyone included in the process, without limiting the creativity, development of thinking skills and investigative spirit of students and lecturers while learning and teaching English.

This paper studies the effect of Mandarin proficiency on poverty reduction and its mechanism. The China General Social Survey (CGSS) is taken as the data source. From the perspective of social integration, the poverty reduction effect of Putonghua and its mechanism are empirically studied from the perspective of social interaction, social fairness, and social trust. The findings showed that improving the ability to listen and speak Mandarin positively affects social interaction, social trust, and social fairness. It showed that Putonghua proficiency positively correlates with the suppression of economic poverty. After the occurrence of poverty, whether a sample of absolute poverty or relative poverty, the ability to listen and speak in Mandarin has a specific inhibitory effect on social interaction, social trust, and social fairness. After the occurrence of poverty, the frequency of social interaction, social trust, and social public since have been reduced to a certain extent. Specifically, the ability to express Mandarin has shown remarkable results in improving social interaction, and the ability to listen among ordinary people has shown remarkable results in enhancing social fairness. The results of this paper provide empirical evidence of poverty alleviation in China via Improving Mandarin Proficiency. This research is also of great significance for optimizing poverty alleviation paths through language in the post-poverty alleviation era.

The paper investigates the problems of inclusive education from the perspective of scientific research and with an intention to point to the most pressing problems of inclusive education in Serbia from the researchers’ perspective. The analysis encompassed 135 papers focused on different problems related to the research of the inclusive theory and practice and published in the pedagogical literature in the last 10 years. Two units of analysis have been selected: theoretical and problem approach to studying and researching, as well as the methodological approach to the research of inclusive education. The results indicate that, during the first decade after inclusive education had been introduced in Serbia, the authors were dealing mostly with the problems of critical consideration of the conceptual discourse and practice of inclusive education, and very little with the effects of inclusive education. It has been established that empirical papers take prevalence over theoretical ones, while descriptive and survey methods were applied most commonly. The research was carried out using mostly the onesample technique and instruments and no participatory research was conducted. The pedagogical implications refer to the need for a more objective research of the effects of inclusion, given the ten-year period of implementation, and that the research approaches should include all inclusive education actors through participatory and qualitative research in order to offer the guidelines to the creators of the educational reform and its participants in terms of further improvement of the idea and practice of inclusive education.