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New Ukrainian and world realities set new tasks for the higher educational establishments, which are related to the search for new, modern methods that allow to increase the effectiveness of training. Currently, topical are the issues of not only professional but also the personal development of the student forming the priority in the implementation of educational activities in universities, preparation for future professional activities, as well as for successful interaction in society. The concept of «individual social competence» is an important factor in creating a system of educational process which takes into account aspects of professional development, and at the same time the peculiarities of the formation of the student personality. The author analyses the concept of «competence», considers the key competences for lifelong learning, identified by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, including social competence, studies the scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, including G. Gedviliene, H. S. Han, K. M. Kemple, U.P. Kanning, M. Horenburg, G.W. Ladd, H. K. Ma, K. Monahan, M. Monnier, O.V. Varetska, N.I. Hlebova, D.V. Hubareva, O.I. Hura, M.O. Doktorovych, I.B. Zarubinska, O.O. Subina, V.M. Shakhrai. They explored different aspects of social competence of different age categories. The author concludes that, despite different interpretations, all scientists agree that social competence is an acquired skill, it can be formed and developed throughout life. It was also determined that the developed social competence determines the status of the individual in society, it affects the success in professional activities. The high level of social competence allows a person not only to be realized in professional activities, but also to influence the processes in society, which in turn determines its stability. The author’s definition of the concept of «individual social competence» is given in the paper; the author concludes that social competence is an integrated ability that contains other competencies: spiritual, civic, communicative, linguistic; the concept of social competence is closely related to professional competence, without the successful interaction of the individual with society it is impossible to acquire the skills and abilities inherent in a qualified specialist. Thus, an important task for modern higher education is the formation and development of social competence of students, which is the key to successful implementation of the future specialist in professional activities. The educational process should be aimed at forming a system of knowledge about interaction in society, understanding the system of social values, ability to cooperate in society, the ability to communicate constructively, because only a socially competent person can.

The training of specialists in artistic higher education institutions should be conducted using modern methods, technologies, and developments and be oriented towards a modern audience, but at the same time, training should be based on established principles and views that have been tested by time. Les Kurbas is a personality whose views and principles of acting and directing can be a guide for contemporary artists, and therefore they should be used in the professional training of students of theatre and film education. The purpose of this paper was to cover the aspects of training future specialists in higher education institutions based on Les Kurbas’s directing craft. To fulfil this purpose, the following research methods were used: biographical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, method of comparison, method of abstraction, method of analogy, methods of deduction and induction. The paper covered the foundations of Les Kurbas’s directing craft and its influence on the development of modern theatre and directing, compared his principles and views with those of contemporary artists. The paper revealed the role of Les Kurbas and his work in preserving the identity of Ukrainian theatre and cinema and in the development of Ukrainian culture. A parallel was drawn between modern approaches to training future specialists and the foundations of Les Kurbas’s directing craft. The conclusion was made on the expediency of using the basics of Les Kurbas’s directing craft in the educational process of higher educational institutions. The paper described the specific features of using the basics of Les Kurbas’s directing craft in the preparation of future specialists for professional activity and provided recommendations for their implementation in the educational process. The results of this paper can be used by teachers of artistic higher education institutions when developing lecture materials and special courses, as well as by students for self-improvement and work on themselves and their professional skills, which underlies the successful development of Ukrainian theatre and cinema.

This study considers TED talks as an effective authentic resource for mastering English. The purpose of the article is to outline a methodology for using TED talks in teaching English for specific purposes (ESP) at the university level. To achieve this goal, we set the following objectives: to introduce and describe the steps of utilizing TED talks, as well as provide examples to each step. We applied a number of methods which helped to fulfil the task of the paper. They include establishing the cognitive and educational value of ESP and its place in the system of university education; defining the tasks and its content of the discipline; developing methodical means and organizational forms of training according to these tasks and content. TED talks are informative presentations delivered by experts in their fields. They provide a great opportunity for language teachers to incorporate authentic listening and speaking tasks in their teaching methods. A welldesigned lesson plan that utilizes TED talks as a teaching tool can benefit ESP students in various ways. The methodology of incorporating TED talks in the teaching process should involve a series of steps that aim to maximize effective learning outcomes. These steps include selecting the theme of the talk, searching the TED talk, delivering the speech, designing pre-listening and post-listening activities. The article presents examples of exercises that can be done at each step with reference to specific TED talks from the site https:// ed.ted.com. The first step ensures that the chosen TED talks are suitable and engaging. Teachers can provide students with choices and allow them to vote. The aim of the second step is to support students’ understanding of the TED talk. The third step develops listening comprehension skills. The fourth step engages and promotes students’ active listening skills. The fifth step helps to develop skills of discourse analysis. The video content that the teacher chooses for the lesson should correspond to the professional interests of students. In such a way this video will be able to increase the motivation to study not only a foreign language but also specialized disciplines. The work with TED talks, however, differs from ordinary academic lectures and presentations. Thus, it requires special training of both the teacher and students. Firstly, students` level of English is an important factor defining the choice of a lecture. The teacher considers the level of listening skills, knowledge of the topic, and terminology. Secondly, it is important to take into account the duration of the presentation. If students are not familiar with the topic, they can have some difficulties with comprehension. Therefore, they will need to listen to the lecture twice. So, the preferable length of the video should be about 5-6 minutes. Incorporating TED talks as a teaching tool in English for Specific Purposes can be a highly effective way of promoting active learning in the classroom. TED talks are a source of authentic and relevant topics for students to engage in while providing a more enjoyable and efficient way of learning. The methodology of using videos from the resource has clear benefits. They include improving comprehension skills, vocabulary acquisition, note-taking, and speaking skills. By following the steps mentioned in this paper, lecturers can deliver enriching, pedagogical sessions that will provide students with a foundation to become successful professionals in their respective fields.

The issue of the relationships between anxiety and aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been dealt with in this article. The relevance of the chosen topic is beyond doubt, since social problems based on psychological factors are especially relevant during the war. It is substantiated that a change in the usual living conditions leads to a significant increase in anxiety and aggressiveness among women. In this paper, the attention is paid specifically to the study of anxiety and manifestation of aggressiveness by women who are in war conditions. It is worth noting that currently in the psychological and social literature, the number of publications about the problem of anxiety is increasing, since anxiety occupies a special place, as it often leads to a decrease in work capacity, productivity, difficulties in communication, etc. It has been found out that the level of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive women’s behaviour in the war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. The results of the analysis and generalization of scientific sources are presented in this paper. It has been identified that the problem of anxiety and aggressiveness is one of the topical issues of modern psychology. The need for timely identification and work with the anxiety, anxious behaviour and aggressiveness of women in war conditions and after military aggression has been emphasized. The analysis of the questionnaire conducted among Ukrainian women in war conditions has been carried out, and the degree of their influence on women’s daily lives and life activities in war time has been determined. The purpose of this work is theoretical substantiation and empirical study of the specific of the relationships between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressive behaviour of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The object of this study is the anxiety of Ukrainian women in war conditions, whereas the subject of this study is the character of the relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions. The conceptual hypothesis of this research lies in the assumption of the presence of significant relationship between anxiety and the manifestation of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women in war conditions, and it has been fully confirmed. Considering the influence of war conditions on the anxiety and aggressiveness of Ukrainian women, the relationship between the mentioned psychological categories has been claimed. It has been revealed that the state of anxiety can be manifested in the aggressive behaviour of women in war conditions. It is noted that the state of anxiety and aggressiveness is the most common phenomenon among women in war conditions. According to the results of this study, there have been identified those significant relationships between indicators of anxiety and certain forms of aggressiveness among Ukrainian women in war conditions. It is substantiated that the high level of manifestation of anxiety is caused by certain psychological features. It has been found out that the increase in the level of anxiety, indicators of family anxiety and anxious behaviour is associated with an increase in the level of aggressiveness of Ukrainian women. The practical significance lies in the fact that the obtained results can be used by employees of psychological services, practical psychologists during counselling at various stages of psychotherapeutic work with women in war conditions.

Despite the fact that the development and course of various types of eating disorders, and therefore their treatment, largely depend on the typological characteristics of patients, this aspect has been understudied. The purpose of the study is to review the problem of providing psychological assistance to eating disorder patients with various typological features. Using methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparison, the paper emphasises the importance of typological features of eating disorder patients in providing psychotherapeutic care. Patients with certain personality traits, such as perfectionism, the need for control, and impulsivity, have been found to be prone to eating disorders, while these typological personality traits, along with many others, have been shown to help build treatment strategies for anorexia nervosa, compulsive overeating, and bulimia nervosa. The analysis showed that there are traits specific to certain eating disorders that can be reinforced in overcoming food addiction. The influence of personal characteristics on the choice of psychotherapy strategy and the possibility of forming psychotherapeutic relationships are covered. The importance of typological features of eating disorder patients in the provision of psychotherapeutic care is revealed. To enhance the effectiveness of selecting a psychotherapeutic care strategy and establishing psychotherapeutic relationships, this paper summarises the primary personal characteristics associated with different types of eating disorders. Attention is paid to typical behavioural manifestations in the presence of one of the types of eating disorders. The main prerequisites for the development of a personality prone to dependent behaviour are substantiated. The central perspective on the role of the family in the development of an eating disorder is established. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of using the findings to expand the understanding of the typological features of patients with food addiction to provide effective psychotherapeutic care.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the transience of changes in the social surrounding requires dynamism and competitiveness from a person, which forces the individual to actively transform the emotional regulation of behaviour, in particular in communication and relationships. However, the adaptive capabilities of a person who is characterised by increased sensitivity to frustration and persistent distrust of others can be considerably limited, and therefore maintaining the mental health of people at risk has become an urgent issue. The purpose of the study is to determine the basis on which character anomalies are formed, to uncover the cause-and-effect relationships in the issue of the development of mental disorders, and to identify possible ways to overcome complications in relationships with the surroundings caused by disturbances in mental activity. At the core of the theoretical and methodological approach lies the combination of methods involving structural-functional analysis of the issue of forming a paranoid personality type and an analytical investigation of the psychological support methods for neuro-mental disorders that affect individual behavioural self-regulation. The empirical basis of the study is questionnaires and diagnostics of the mental states of people prone to personality disorders. The paper clarifies the causes and features of the development of paranoid mental anomalies and the possibilities of prevention and correction of such mental disorders. The presented results reflect the problem of the adaptive capabilities of people with congenital or acquired pathological conditions of the psyche. The paper covers the issues of interaction with the paranoid personality type socially. The most popular concepts of providing psychological assistance are considered. The correctness of the assumption that it is much more difficult for people with a paranoid personality type to cope with frustration and adapt to society is analysed. The results obtained are of practical value for social workers who are engaged in identifying mental health disorders of people at risk and predicting deviant behavioural responses, for practical psychologists who support people with a paranoid personality type, in particular through psychotherapy.

The professional activity of a specialist in modern society is primarily determined by their ability to make competent information interactions. Definitely, information is one of the main resources for the scientific, technical and socio-economic development of society. It plays an important role in the process of educational space modernization where the formation of the ability to find, analyse and process this information takes on special importance, requiring the development of innovative approaches to the research competence shaping future Ph.Ds. in their postgraduate studies. The article is aimed at substantiation of methodological approaches to solving the problem of building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy during postgraduate studies. The objectives of the paper are to define the meaning of the basic component of the article – “approach”, to analyse the fundamental approaches that provide building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy as well as to substantiate the expediency of their use. Complex methods for solving the problems of a scientific paper have been used, including theoretical analysis and synthesis of ideas, results, theoretical statements (explained in scientific literature), generalization and systematization of the results of available investigations of the highlighted issue. Study results. The modern educational system focuses on building future specialists’ competence as a result of their readiness and ability to solve educational problems and carry out research activities. The present paper is devoted to the problem of training future Doctors of Philosophy during postgraduate studies because the transmission to new educational standards significantly increased the relevance of the problem of building research competence that determines a lecturer’s ability to investigate, plan and organize his /her work effectively to achieve the predicted result. The analysis of scientific and pedagogical studies established the conceptual core of methodological approaches to building future specialist’s competence during postgraduate studies. In order to have the holistic view of research competence, its structure and meaning, as well as the laws of its development in relation to future Doctors of Philosophy, fundamental methodological approaches have been systematized, namely acmeological, systemic, cluster, personality-oriented, technological, axiological, competence-based, praxiological, facilitative, participatory, synergistic, meta-subject, and hermeneutic ones. Taking into account the development of new standards and the features of educational paradigms that provide the effectiveness of building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy, the above mentioned complex approaches have been considered as basic and optimal ones. The analysis of best practices clearly shows that there is no common vision of the principles of combining methodological approaches in solving the issue of building research competence. The article presents the experience of combining methodological approaches in solving the issue of building research competence based on the principle of mean full dominants. The author has found out that the use of these approaches will provide the successful process of building research competence of future Doctors of Philosophy, their ability to create fundamental scientific developments focused on the shaping of educational space that will develop and improve the personality qualities of future Doctors of Philosophy for successful self-realization.

The paper at issue presents the social functioning of Polish female forms of occupational names (feminativa), as well as their role in the process of sex education, also in relation to perpetration of gender stereotypes. In the first part of the paper, a summary of the historical changes in the usage of feminativa is provided. Next, the usage of feminativa is described in relation to the theoretical basis of sex education, including the development of behavioral patterns. The analysis of linguistic, psychological and psychosexual factors enabled the Authors to show the impact of language on the perception of reality and of the subject’s place within the surrounding environment. Moreover, the Authors conducted the analysis of the role of feminativa in identity construction and in gender discrimination prevention. The paper at issue presents the cultural contexts of language use and its importance for the wellbeing of an individual. Additionally, the paper shows the basis of treating inclusive language as a form of support of the psychological and psychosexual development.

The paper focuses on the urgent problems of linguadidactics caused by Covid-19 pandemic and the need to implement online learning at all Ukrainian institutions of higher learning. English for Specific Purposes online learning involves modern methods that are constantly being improved. They are aimed at effective interaction of all participants in the learning process. The Department of Foreign Languages in Lviv polytechnic national university analyzed the feedback from the teaching staff and students concerning methods applied in online classes which were held during the quarantine period in 2020–2021. Observations of teaching experience, as well as the positive feedback from students proved that online learning English for specific purposes can be as effective as the offline one. The study considers a number of important principles that should be followed in order to succeed in distance learning. English for Specific Purposes online tools involved both synchronous and asynchronous methods. The former methods included videoconferences held with the help of various applications, e.g. Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet etc. Asynchronous means consisted of using instant messengers, email, educational platforms, i.e. virtual learning environment of the university based on the Moodle platform. We conducted a survey among students of five groups of different technical specialties. The survey aimed at finding out their opinion concerning effectiveness of ESP online lessons. It helped to discover what kind of difficulties the students had faced. The survey also allowed us to understand which types of activities were better perceived during video conferences in comparison with lessons in the classroom (i.e. listening and watching video). The analysis of the results obtained brought us to a conclusion about the most efficient way of conducting online classes. Thus, a combination of asynchronous and synchronous methods appeared to be the most effective tool for online mastering of ESP. On the one hand, the asynchronous method can be effective to consolidate lexical and grammar material, as well as develop reading skills. On the other hand, synchronous method provides direct communication in the «student-teacher» format and is the most effective means of transmission and acquiring new knowledge in the discipline of English for Specific Purposes. It also develops speaking skills while involving students in work with breakout rooms. The paper also discusses the issue of students’ knowledge and skills assessment. The process of control has become automated and, thus, more convenient. Diagnostic and control works were performed in the form of current and final tests, hosted on the Moodle platform (virtual learning environment of Lviv Polytechnic National University). This greatly facilitates teacher’s work; as such tests contain a convenient option of automatic checking the correctness of students’ answers to the tests.

Quarantine restrictions have increased the relevance of distance learning, and the level of information and communication technology development has made it possible for the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to switch to online mode, this being the optimal solution amid the pandemic. The object of this paper is to analyse the practical aspects of distance learning under quarantine and to identify the key factors affecting its efficiency. The assessment of the distant technologies use during the educational process and its efficiency was carried out by means of anonymous online questionnaire survey of the students from 4 higher education institutions: University of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, National Transport University, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and Separated structural subdivision of the Kyiv College of Municipal Economy of The V.I. Vernadsky Taurida National University. The research has revealed the level of technical provision for distance learning; the level and practical experience of using distance technologies by the participants of the educational process was determined; the behavioural factors (students' attendance and teachers' adherence to the class schedule and thematic outlines) were examined; motivational factors of students' learning online were analysed; the most significant benefits of distance learning were examined; the higher education students' attitude to the blended and distance forms of learning was determined. It has been substantiated that distance learning organisation in the institution based on a single shared platform is a prerequisite for ensuring a highly effective online learning process. The practical value of the paper lies in the application of the survey results to enhance and increase the distance learning efficiency at the higher education institution level

The relevance of this study is determined by the importance of issues of interrelation of the emotional component of activity with the final results obtained in the course of creative research in different areas, as well as the practical significance of studying the problems of the influence of a wide range of emotional experiences on the overall effectiveness of the creative process. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the emotional component of creativity influences the effectiveness of the creative process, regardless of the field of activity. The leading approach in this study was a combination of theoretical study of various aspects of creative activity in general, with a structural analysis of the features of the influence of the emotional component on the overall effectiveness of the creative process in various areas of activity. The results obtained in the course of this study demonstrate the wide range of possibilities for the rational use of personal emotional displays on the specific issues of applying creative activity in general and in terms of assessing the effectiveness of the creative process in particular. The results and conclusions of this paper have significant practical value for representatives of creative professions, researchers of psycho-emotional manifestations of personality in the conduct of creative activity, and will be useful for the next generations of researchers of various aspects of the influence of emotional experiences on the effectiveness of the creative process. The results will be useful as a scientific basis for the author to conduct further full-fledged research into the wide range of issues presented in this paper, thereby contributing to further objective and qualitative coverage of the subject matter

The paper fits into the area of research over educational contexts of popular culture, which is a voice in a discussion focused on possible ways of “using” rock lyrics in formal education, on critical education through rock narratives, on a category of co(being). This paper is intended to familiarize with research on educational contexts brought by rock narratives also about involving a Recipient in the discussion on the presented issues.

Since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia, many Ukrainians have fled their homes in search of safer places, thus the problem of developing convenient and effective methods of providing psychological support to the maximum number of citizens has become urgent. The research aims to develop a technology for helping internally displaced persons based on exposure therapy methods. The study sample consisted of 84 respondents who had the official status of internally displaced persons. To quantify the parameters of the stressful state, the PCL-5 post-traumatic stress disorder diagnostic tool was used, and the updated Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) was used to determine the emotional state. At the beginning of the study, 67% of respondents in the sample had a level of symptoms sufficient to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder, which indicates a high level of psychological distress. The methods of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing were used for psychotherapeutic procedures. The use of both methods proved to be effective in improving the overall psychological state of the respondents. The use of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy led to a 9.0% reduction in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and a 37.73% increase in happiness compared to the control group. The method of desensitisation and eye movement processing led to a 15.41% reduction in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and a 35.30% increase in subjective indicators of happiness compared to the control group. The combined use of both methods showed the best results: after three months, there was a 19.72% reduction in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and a 42.54% increase in happiness scores compared to the control group. Based on the data demonstrated in this paper, the combined use of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing can be recommended to reduce the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms and improve the well-being of internally displaced persons

The article examines the issues of STEM education development in the context of the strategy for the development of higher education in Ukraine for 2022-2032. In particular, the emphasis is on the importance of reorienting the educational process to the training of specialists in engineering and pedagogical specialties with practical skills and up-to-date knowledge. It is necessary to strategically rethink educational approaches, giving priority to the training of specialists in engineering and pedagogical specialties who possess not only theoretical knowledge, but also specific practical skills that meet the requirements of the labor market. Special attention is paid to STEM education, which is defined as a key tool in the formation of competencies for future specialists in the field of engineering and pedagogy. This approach involves not only the transfer of theoretical knowledge, but also emphasizes practical aspects, contributing to the development of specific skills and abilities that are necessary in practice. Dedication to STEM education in the context of engineering and pedagogical fields allows future specialists to be ready for the challenges and tasks presented to them by modern labor markets, and to meet the current requirements and standards in these fields. The technical orientation of STEM projects contributes to the implementation of practical tasks and the formation of skills in demand on the labor market. The purpose of the article is to present the algorithm for building a lighting control system prototype using the example of the STEM project “Lighting control system in the library”. For building a logical model, to justify the structure of the system, the NCC is used. The development of the STEM project “Lighting control system in the library” is presented, which involves the creation of a fuzzy cognitive map in the Mental Modeler environment. An algorithm for building a logical model for a STEM project under conditions of uncertainty has been developed and described. The basis of the built model is a cognitive map. A cognitive map is a symbolic directed graph, at the vertices of which the key factors of the object of modeling (concepts) connected by cause-and-effect relationships are placed. A cognitive map is a type of mathematical modeling used to formalize a complex system in the form of a set of concepts that reflect system factors and causal relationships between them, taking into account the nature of their interaction. Based on the analysis of the logical model of the system, it was determined that for each concept it is necessary to set the level of communication on the visual form of the Mental Modeler map, which allows you to set the level of assessment of its dependence. The paper presents a logical model on the example of a prototype of a computer lighting control system in a library using fuzzy logical derivation. Fuzzy cognitive maps were used to justify the structure of the management system. The sequence of building a prototype of the lighting control system in the library and the analysis of the parameters of such a system can be used by students of engineering and pedagogical specialties for the educational purpose of building various STEM projects. Cognitive modeling methodology is used for analysis and decision-making in conditions of uncertainty. It is developing in the direction of improving the situation analysis and modeling apparatus. Therefore, to implement a STEM project in ill-defined situations, it is advisable to build a logical model. It defines the structure of the modeled system. The basis for building this model is a fuzzy cognitive map.

Background. The study of professional identity in modern specialists is associated with the need to ensure their psychological well-being in an increasingly complicated professional environment because of the inclusion of information and computer means of work. The present research continues the construction of a conceptual model for the professional identity in the context of digitalization. Objective. The present stage of our investigation is aimed at constructing a model of professional identity of the modern specialist that allows to outline trends and directions of its changes in the system of self-evaluation as a professional and to link those evaluations with experiencing psychological well-being. Methods. The respondents are offered the questionnaire for demographic data, the “Trust in technology” questionnaire (Akimova, 2020), the semantic differential for assessing oneself as a professional (Serkin, 2016), C. Ryff’s scale of psychological well-being in adaptation by T.D. Shevelenkova and T.P. Fesenko (2005), L.B. Schneider’s method for studying professional identity (2001), and free associations to the word “technique” to identify the respondents’ ideas about it. Sample. 150 respondents (50 men, 100 women) with an average age of 40 years (from 21 to 63) and an average work experience of 18 years (from 2 to 45 years) who work in different professional digital fields. Results. The present paper describes the structure of ideas about technology, the core of which includes such associations as “a computer”, “technology”, “progress”, convenience”, “telephone”, “innovation”, and “modernity”. The zone of changes includes “work”, “the future”, and “the new” which confirms the digitalization of life and activity of a modern specialist. Those data have been completed by a strong trust in technology and a high degree of its mastering. It identifies three clusters based on the level of psychological well-being which are not associated with the respondents’ statuses of professional identity but relate to the self-evaluation as a professional. A two–dimensional space constituted by two factors: the level of qualification and capacity for work has been constructed. In relation to them, the statuses of professional identity are distributed to determine vectors of possible changes. Conclusion. The ideas of specialists about technology represent the main trends in the digitalization of professional tools: expanding the range of devices used and their positive assessment. Professional identity of 47 per cent of the respondents is precocious, characterized by the recognition of their own authority but, at the same time, the lack of their independence. Only each third person in this group shows a high level of well–being. The vector model of professional identity constructed in the factor space of self–evaluation as a professional enables to outline the main directions of change in the identity according to two parameters: professional one (content oriented) and individual-personal one (performance). Practical application of the results. The obtained results broaden the existing ideas about the professional identity of working people with different levels of psychological well-being and allow to outline the directions of their psychological support.

This paper reviews the key research of the automatic engagement detection in education. Automatic engagement detection is necessary in enhancing educational process, there is a lack of out-of-the-box technical solutions. Engagement can be detected while tracing learning-centered affects: interest, confusion, frustration, delight, anger, boredom, and their facial and bodily expressions. Most of the researchers reveal these emotions on video using Facial Action Coding System (FACS). But there doesn’t exist a set of ready-made criteria to detect engagement and many scientists use additional techniques like self-reports, audio-data, physiological indicators and others. In this paper we present a review of most recent researches in the field of automatic affect and engagement detection and present our theoretical model of engagement in educational process based on the learning-centered affects’s detection. Engagement is understood as an affective and cognitive state, accompanying learning process. While reaching optimal engagement students experience various affects, where highly positive and negative feelings mean that a student is close to be engaged in the learning process.

At present the problem of the integration between the higher education and the sphere of labor has become particularly urgent. It is noted that the attempts earlier made by a number of authors to solve the problem of the integration between the higher education and the labor sphere by combining educational and professional standards, as well as by harmonizing the requirements of the labor market for the qualifications of specialists and the competencies of graduates of higher education are facing significant difficulties. In this paper, we consider individual educational programs as one of the mechanisms of combining the higher education and labor. The analysis of the emerging differences between the higher education and the sphere of labor in the context of different educational models has been conducted. Thus, for example, within the framework of the professional model of the educational process organization, the possibilities of building individual educational programs are limited by the amount of labor intensity of the variable part of the educational program according to the field of study or subject specialism. At the same time, we are talking about professional individual educational programs, which are based on the processes of the formation of professional subjectivity of the student and the formation of his/her professional image. Such individual educational programs not only orient students on a certain type of work activity already at university, but also guarantee a well-grounded choice of the future profession. The paper focuses on the significant impact of the individualization of professional and professionalization of individual educational programs, as well as the multilevel structure of higher education on the nature of the integration of educational programs of higher education and the trajectories of professional development of young professionals. It is emphasized that the adaptation of students to the educational process, built on the principles of individualization of educational programs, is a key point of interdisciplinary psychological and pedagogical problems of the development of creative abilities of students and is accompanied by the mastery of new skills.

This paper discusses the role of the discipline “Medical and Biological Physics” in the area of medical education as a component of educational work upon the negative impact of smoking on human health. Some Ukrainian legislative acts for regulation of tobacco smoking are emphasized. Statistical data of tobacco smoking in Ukraine are shown. The problem of smoking, the use of electronic cigarettes and their effects on human health are intensively studied in the research of Ukrainian and foreign authors, but the description of negative smoking impact is not presented from the point of view of physical processes. Therefore, it became necessary to illustrate the most important problems from the point of view of medical physics The latest medical data allows including in the educational process on the discipline “medical and biological physics” some information about the negative effects of smoking on processes and phenomena in the human body, interpreting them from a physical point of view. The medical and biological orientation of the discipline is shown. The paper illustrates examples from this topic with the description of physical phenomena and physical regularities which explain the results of tobacco smoking. They are applied in educational process of the Biological Physics and Medical Informatics Department at the Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine “Bukovinian State Medical University”. The most important examples in studying tobacco influence on human health are discussed in the lessons on: “Ultrasound, its application in treatment and diagnostics”, “Fluid mechanics. Viscosity of liquids”, “Liquids surface tension”, “Thermal radiation of biological objects”, “Radioactivity. Dosimetry” The relationship between clinical subjects and medical and biological physics is shown.

The paper offers an analysis of the child-adult relationship problems in the context of the phenomenological psychology and pedagogy of M. Merleau-Ponty. The authors first outline Merleau- Ponty’s key philosophical standpoint on which he builds his views on psychological and pedagogical problems. The paper focuses on the problem of understanding a child’s world and the possibility of communication between children and adults, as well as on the problem of children’s perception of the world around them. The authors also look at Merleau-Ponty’s criticism of Piaget’s views on the abovementioned problems.

The article considers the use of teaching methods in research methodology class for Master students doing the course in English. The author aims at defining the role and significance of the course in teaching Master students at Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) and sets the following objectives: to identify conceptual barriers in perceiving research methodology, work out the algorithm of work aimed at building research skills of Master students; analyze the results of pilot teaching. The research methods used in working at the paper are as follows: questionnaire and analysis (in analyzing the results of pilot teaching and content analysis of the methodological part of several Master and PhD open access theses). The author uses activity and competence based approach in the combination with the didactic principles of visualization, systematization, consistency and accessibility. The paper analyzes the requirements of State Federal Education Standards in part of developing the research component of professionally relevant competences. The author identifies cognitive difficulties of perceiving theoretical and methodological material; builds the algorithm of work with conceptual apparatus offering a number of exercises aimed at forming research competence and creating simulation research discourse.

To present Russian science at the international level scientists should possess certain specific skills. However, research works in an integrative nature of academic writing recognize the skills that are common for various research fields and specific for academic context. Some works are currently investigating methods to develop academic skills, while a few papers are devoted to the problem of assessing the outcomes. Traditionally the quality of an academic text is measured by the requirements to text organization, context and language proficiency. However, this model does not form a unity until a new idea is introduced into the process of teaching and assessment. The possible solution is to focus on the quality of students’ texts authenticity. Academic text authenticity indicates to what extent the initial norms of authentic academic writing - in organization, context and language use - are modified by students belonging to a different writing culture. The paper defines the category “authenticity” for academic texts and presents examples of assessing the text quality with a set of descriptors. The results could be implemented in professional language studies and in the postgraduate training of students aimed at publishing the results of their research work.

In the era of modernisation, mastering modern technologies and innovative working methods is an important aspect of any business. Modern technologies are no less relevant in the work of future directors, because, having mastered them, a specialist can adapt to modern professional trends and improve the quality of their projects. The purpose of this study was to cover the aspects of the use of modern technologies in the training of future directors and to prove that mastering them is necessary for successful professional activity. To fulfil this purpose, the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalisation, induction and deduction were used. The study revealed the need to use innovative technologies in the work of modern specialists, namely in the activities of future directors. The paper described the specific features of preparing future directors for professional activity in higher education institutions. The study analysed aspects of directing activity in the era of modernisation. The authors described modern technologies and the possibilities of their application in filmmaking. The importance of modern technologies for future specialists in terms of distance education and blended education was covered. The authors described the prospects for the development of film and theatre art if future directors use modern technologies. Positive and negative aspects of the use of modern technologies in filmmaking were covered. Recommendations for improving the process of mastering modern technologies in higher education institutions were provided. It was concluded that future directors need to master modern technologies to develop Ukrainian theatre and cinema. The results of this study can be used by the management of art higher education institutions to develop curricula, by teachers to improve the educational process, and by students when studying and preparing for professional activities.

The implementation of neural networks in the creative design process enables original and innovative results and increased efficiency in creating a visual art product, and therefore it is important to explore how various interactive tools can contribute to the development of the creative abilities of future design professionals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capabilities and characteristics of Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and DALL-E neural networks in the context of their use in teaching design students. The study used the analytical method, comparison, generalisation, and systematisation methods. The study found that the neural networks Midjourney, Stable Diffusion and DALL-E have prospects for implementation in the educational process for students of design specialities. The authors of this paper revealed the significant potential of artificial intelligence, namely neural networks, in design, namely for creating fonts, typographic elements, posters, banners, graphics, and illustrations. By comparing the capabilities of the Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and DALL-E neural networks, it was found that each of them has a specific purpose and architecture that is effective for performing various design tasks. The findings of the study demonstrate the potential of neural networks to improve the education of students of design-related specialities. It was substantiated that the introduction of suitable methods and techniques can help expand the creative spectrum, ensure stability and control in generating images, and lead to a more effective implementation of ideas in visual realities. The results of this study can be useful as tools for developing educational approaches in the field of design and introducing modern technologies into the educational process.

The modernization of preschool education is based on the standard of the new generation, the realization and implementation of which is impossible without improving the management of the quality of preschool education organizations. The article analyses contemporary forms and methods of monetary and non-monetary labour motivation of the employees of the sphere of that pre-school education as an important factor in improving the efficiency of labour. Nowadays improving the quality of education in preschool education institutions is a socially significant problem which pedagogical sciences and practice face. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the problem of motivation of professional development of preschool teachers as a condition for improving the quality of preschool education in the context. This research is set to: determine the factors affecting the motivation of teachers of preschool education institutions, to identify the stages of improvement of the system of motivation of preschool education specialists. Methodology of the study is based on the use of a set of methods determined by the peculiarity of the research problem: analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, synthesis, systematization, generalization, abstraction, as well as the interpretative and analytical method, which are used to provide theoretical analysis of the source base. The article shows that the pre-school education system is a particular institution for the formation of the personality of the younger generation. The role of teachers who work with children cannot be underestimated. The quality and effectiveness of teachers are largely determined by their motivation to perform educational work. The authors show that within the framework of pedagogic management it is important to find effective approaches to motivate staff of preschool educational organizations. It has its own peculiarities connected, on the one hand, with the government regulation in this sphere of activity, and, on the other hand, with the specific goals of the organization, the socioeconomic realities of its functioning and development, personal and professional characteristics of the staff. The authors of the article prove that management of motivation is a constant process which requires continuous improvement of the motivation system of staff and its parts taking into account the results of the diagnosis of the existing system, standards, existing external and internal constraints, characteristics of tangible and intangible benefits, permanent monitoring the work of each part of the system, with an assessment of their effectiveness. The authors provide factors that affect the motivation of staff of preschool educational organizations. These factors are divided into objective, with a limited influence from the management of the organization, and subjective, being in their sphere of influence. The subjective factors are presented through an external reflection, when teachers need public recognition of their merits, complexity and multidimensional nature of their work, and through the internal reflection when a teacher needs to maintain and develop the desire and opportunities for professional growth. The author offers the diagnostic techniques for studying motivation and professional activity effectiveness in the preschool educational institution, as well as the system of measures that allow educational organizations to change their work, increase teachers’ motivation and, as a result, to raise the effectiveness of their activities. We have grounded the author’s approach to the integral mechanism of motivation of pedagogical workers’ professional activity, orientated towards activation of pedagogical workers on the basis of study of their necessities, interests, personal aims and possibilities of their integration with the aims of the educational establishment as well as the usage of structural elements of different motivation models in management.

In the modern socio-economic context of the development of educational systems, the processes of globalization and internationalization play an important role, which determine the reformation of higher education. Competition and cooperation between educational and scientific organizations are intensifying all over the world, the exchange of students, teachers, graduate students and researchers is intensifying, distance education is becoming widespread, and the role of continuing education is growing. The purpose of the research is to identify and justify system-wide trends in the renewal of European education. The main task of this research is to determine the mechanisms and characterize the orientation of the renewal of the European education system under the conditions of internationalization and globalization. The methodological basis of the research consists of: the general scientific principle of objectivity; the principle of historical and logical unity; systemic and contextual approach, principle of interconnection; sociological, cultural and pedagogical concepts. It is determined that today the European Union is one of the world leaders in research and innovation. It is scientific knowledge, experience, high standards of the research, developed research infrastructure that guarantee many years of successful cooperation between the EU and other countries. At the present stage, investments in higher education and vocational training are considered as the most important factor in enhancing the EU’s competitiveness and ensuring the constant growth of its economy. The development of higher education is perceived as the most important prerequisite for achieving the economic, social and environmental goals set in 2000 in Lisbon. Higher education is the core of the new European society, based on the knowledge. The article considers the direction of transformations carried out in the higher education systems of the European Union countries in the context of the internationalization of education. The strategic goal of reforming the European education system is to increase its competitiveness in the international space and modernize economies. In the political and public circles of the European Union, the opinion has been established that since human resources are the most important wealth of the EU, education policy should be the main factor in the processes of knowledge creation and transfer, which, in turn, crucially determine the innovative potential of the society. In this regard, the main goal is to provide equal and open opportunities for people of all ages to receive high-quality education and to gain diverse educational experiences throughout Europe. Education systems are a key link in the implementation of this concept. This paper traces the dynamics of the external dimension in the political and socioeconomic contexts. The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 established the basis for the EU cooperation within higher education. It stipulated the commitment of the member countries to develop education cooperation with third countries and international organizations. The European Commission has called on EU member states to take the necessary measures to reform their education and training systems so that barriers between formal and non-formal learning disappear. To implement this concept, it is necessary to achieve a higher level of interaction between the main participants in this relatively new area: business, social partners and educational institutions.

The national concept for the development of higher education in Ukraine during the war is aimed at involving digital education in the educational process and promoting the development of virtual educational mobility. The relevance of the study is due to the unstable state of modern medical education in Ukraine, the need to use digital technologies and involve a mixed form of education in the generally accepted concept of conducting the educational process. The purpose of the study is to identify how teachers and students of the dental speciality of higher medical institutions of Ukraine implement the concept of mixed learning as of the beginning of 2023. The paper uses the following methods of research: descriptive, historical-typological, and terminological principles analysis, through which it was possible to implement the research-innovative aspect of modern dental education during the war on the territory of Ukraine. The study examines the historical features of the formation of a mixed form of education in the Ukrainian educational field. Key aspects of using the blended learning model in modern higher medical education in Ukraine are highlighted. The main online platforms used in mixed learning environment and relevant software for mixed learning are considered. A thorough analysis of the state of the modern educational process in Ukrainian universities, where future dental specialists receive education, was conducted, and the prospects for using a mixed form of education for dental students in medical educational institutions were examined. The results of the study can be used by researchers and teachers for further research on the subject raised, in particular, to identify and eliminate the shortcomings of various forms of training.

Professional activities in the extreme conditions of Antarctica and the Arctic are primarily associated with major risks to life and health, including psychological risks, for the personnel of polar stations. The relevance of this study is driven by the fact that in extreme forms of professional activity, such as expeditions to the Earth’s poles, extreme sports, military operations, etc., one of the main criteria for selecting and forming effective and cohesive teams or groups is understanding the primary motives behind their actions. Motivated individuals tend to perform better and achieve greater success. The purpose of the study is to identify the leading motivations for professional activity in extreme conditions among winterers of Ukrainian Antarctic expeditions across different age groups. To achieve this purpose, methods of theoretical and empirical analysis, observation, generalisation, and systematisation of age groups were chosen. The paper defines and establishes an age-based classification of participants in annual expeditions to the Ukrainian Antarctic station “Academic Vernadsky”. Through surveys, the study measures the level of motivation among individuals towards professional activities in Antarctica within three age groups: younger, middle-aged, and older. Three leading motives are identified: spiritual, social, and material. The analysis of the obtained data concerning the level of these leading motivational factors in polar station environments provides insights into the main reasons driving motivation for prolonged professional activity and helps in adapting to the extreme conditions of the surrounding environment. In addition, age-related differences in motivational processes among different age groups of winterers are presented, allowing for the formation of well-coordinated teams of polar expedition participants of varying age categories. The findings can be used in planning activities in long-term polar expeditions, in military and sports psychology.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that, unlike most European countries that returned to full-time education after the end of the coronavirus pandemic, Ukraine, due to active military operations on its territory, continued an online educational process for a long time and again faces the choice of a rational way of learning. That is why there is a need to evaluate all the weaknesses and strengths of the remote educational format. The purpose of the study is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of implementing online education in Ukrainian universities during martial law. To achieve this purpose, a survey of 56 teachers of psychological disciplines with professional experience from 4 to 28 years was conducted; the answers received were analysed. The results showed that the advantages of online learning for students and teachers are common: mobility, high quality of digital content, partial automation of knowledge control, a variety of psychological and pedagogical tools, and stimulation of the development of digital and technological competence. The main problems of online learning for students are communication disorders: a lack of personality-oriented communication between peers, and a deepening of the social distance between students and teachers. In the field of psychological education, this disadvantage is closely related to the difficulty of mastering practical professional skills, which consist in organising trusting, close interaction between people. For teachers, this form of work offers wide opportunities for professional self-fulfilment, but at the same time is accompanied by overload, rapid emotional burnout, deterioration of health and quality of life. The paper substantiates the need to restore full-time education, considering the positive experience of online learning. The results of the study can become the basis for the development of practical measures aimed at preventing professional maladaptation of university teachers; combating the difficulties of socialisation and professionalisation of young people who received higher education during quarantine and martial law.

Background. The paper is associated with the 120th anniversary of the birth of Alexey Nikolaevich Leontiev, acknowledged classic of the world psychology. This anniversary of the founder of a scientific school in psychology and of the department of psychology at Moscow State University has given rise to reflections on the “task for meaning” of Leontiev’s personality, his theory and its modern implementations. Objective. The study is a professional reflection on the importance of A.N. Leontiev’s personality and his activity theory approach for the psychological science of these days as well as the explication of meanings implied in the special thematic issue of this journal. Results. “The field of meanings” associated with A.N. Leontiev is being revealed through the analysis of cultural-historical, life and scientific contexts. The intertwined lines of A.N. Leontiev’s life activity are singled out: the scientific one (a fundamental theory, suggesting a holistic concept of human being), the social one (restoring intellectual environment), and the closely connected to the latter, emotional one (creating a specific “field of tension” which attracted colleagues toward this intellectual environment and generated a specific university atmosphere of freedom and diverse new ideas at the department of psychology at MSU. Dialogues and interactions of the activity theory approach with some theoretical approaches of our days are explicated. Conclusion. Having much in common with more recent approaches, A.N. Leontiev’s approach is a polisemantic one. This fact may serve as an explanation to the plurality of its interpretations in the present-day contexts within psychological science. The approach remains a significant resource of answers to the questions posed in psychology today, many decades after its creator passed.

Background. The article presents the most important events in the scientific biography of A.N. Leontiev (1903–1979). Some aspects of his psychological theory of activity are being analyzed. The relevance of addressing the heritage of A.N. Leontiev and his scientific school is determined by the implemented methodology of psychological research, which is an alternative to the approaches to the study of consciousness that dominate in modern world science. Objectives of the paper were to highlight those aspects of psychological theory of activity that were successfully implemented in “highly organized practice” as well as to discuss some controversial issues of cultural-activity psychology. Method. Well-known works of Leontiev, his colleagues, and opponents served as sources for the study, historical and psychological in genre and methodology. Some archive materials, including those that have not been previously introduced to scientific comunity were used as well. Results. A new solution to the problem of the relation between Word and Deed, which was debated by L.S. Vygotsky and A.N. Leontiev and is still being debated in the modern literature, is proposed. It is stated that Leontiev’s doctrine on the forms of connection between meanings and senses in the structure of consciousness was included in the methodological foundations of “pedagogy of freedom”, seeking to develop a culture of thinking and personal growth in students. The examples of the realization of this pedagogy in teaching students at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University are presented. Studying personal letters from the family archives provided some new details about Leontiev’s administrative and organizational activities during the Great Patriotic War. Conclusion. The immediate tasks of the historical and psychological study of Leontiev’s contribution are to: 1) analyze the empirical research of his school in the 1940s and the following years; 2) study systematically the contribution of this school to practical psychology; 3) create a complete and detailed chronology of A.N. Leontiev’s life and work; 4) develop teaching aids for psychology students with the explanation of the complex issues and contradictions in A.N. Leontiev’s activity theory as well as with scientific comments on his works, within the sociocultural context of their creation.

The text published below is handwritten notes on three standard sheets of paper made after one of the author’s numerous conversations with writer Vladimit Tendryakov, his younger friend and neighbor by the country residence (Writers’settlement, Krasnaya Pakhra, Moscow region). These conversations have been described in Tendryakov’s recollections of A.N. Leontiev (Tendryakov, V.F. (1983). Proselochnye besedy (Country road talks). In: A.V. Zaporozhets et al. (eds.) A.N. Leontiev i sovremennaya psikhologiya (A.N. Leontiev and contemporary psychology). (pp. 266–274). Moscow: Moscow University Press. These notes are being published for the first and not for the first time. This text, prepared for publication by Alexander Asmolov, was included into the first posthumous edition of A.N. Leontiev’s works — “Selected psychological writings” in 2 volumes, ed. by V.V. Davydov et al., Moscow: Pedagogika, 1983 — and is rather often referred to. The title “from the journal notes” was given by the editors of the 1983 book. However, in course of that publication this text, like other works included into the book, underwent substantial editing which was not marked in the book; about 15% of the text has been cut. Hence we decided to restore and publish for the first time the initial author’s text in line with the manuscript. One editorial correction should be mentioned specially. 1983 publication says: “Personality (…), its Copernican understanding: I find/have my “self ” not in myself (others see it in me) but rather in that exists outside me” (p. 241). In the original manuscript it was articulated differently: Personality (I=I), its Ptolemean understanding: I find/have my “self ” not in myself (others see it in me) but rather in others, in the other that exists outside me”. Copernican heliocentric understanding is the opposite of the Ptolemean one, which puts the Earth to the center of the Universe. The substitution of the word for the one with the opposite meaning is probably due to wrong reading of the whole sentence. Most likely, the words “Ptolemean understanding” on the manuscript refer to the traditional, common ideas of personality (“I=I”), to which A.N. Leontiev contrasted another one, articulated after the colon (“I find/have my “self ” not in myself ”…), and which would be correct to call a Copernican one. “The bishop phenomenon”, mentioned in the last sentence, refers to a historical anecdote, which A.N. Leontiev used to recollect. A respected elderly bishop, as he was getting older, started to worry whether his mind was as clear as before, and asked his servant to tell him if he start saying something inappropriate. This happened during one of the sermons, and the servant said it to the bishop. The bishop got angry, said that it was one of his best sermons ever, and fired the servant. The manuscript was prepared for publication by D. Leontiev. His are also the additions in angle brackets. Numbered footnotes belong to the author.

Background. The paper examines the attitude of scientists engaged in research in the field of education to various aspects of professional activity: the features of planning, resources for implementation, and satisfaction with the results. The relevance of the study is due to a number of institutional changes in the national science. Thus, the active reform initiated in 2013 was aimed at optimizing and increasing the efficiency of various research institutes, primarily those within the structure of state academies. In this regard, it seems important to identify the scientists’ attitude to the results of the implemented initiatives within the period of the last four years. Objective. The paper is to analyze the influence of age and social indicators of professional status (academic degree, academic title, position held, publication activity) on various aspects of the professional activity of the researches. Design and sample characteristics. A special questionnaire of 72 questions was developed (closed, open and scale), 721 respondents were interviewed. The sample included employees with different levels of scientific qualifications and length of professional scientific activity. Both employees of scientific research institutes and universities from different regions of the Russian Federation were interviewed. Results. The results show the manifestation of negative tendencies concerning the planning of scientific activity related to its authoritarian nature and formal requirements for reporting on the results of scientific activity. The peculiarities of well-being of scientific employees at the stage of completing a professional career are revealed. The features of the manifestation of the professional crisis, which is characteristic for the age cohort of forty-year scientific workers, are considered. The specifics of attracting personal funds and additional financial sources depending on various indicators of the professional status of the scientist are shown.

This paper provides the view-point on cultural self-determination of a personality (CSD) in light of humanistic philosophy, the basics of which have been under the authors’ investigation since the 90s until now. One of the most significant points of the authors’ present-day research is to show the possibilities and perspectives of CSD for adaptation of the humanitarian approach towards ‘education through life’ for students; the latter is of paramount importance for the new generation, for our compatriots, and for our country, because along with this idea, the research under discussion paved the way for thoughts of making the most of the dual-purpose thinking of a personality in the educational process as a whole. The authors of the article consider the idea that the problem lies in the fact that Chaos is the foundation of the Universum, time and matter (objects) are not permanent constants, and Chaos is always a great variety. Reaching a sort of stability, Man finds himself in the situation of diversity. Then, there comes an existential crisis, which resolves in dualistic thinking. Thus, the authors of the article see in CSD one of the most significant mechanisms and ways out of the existential crisis, in which we, the people of the global communication-information civilization, have to live and work, to study new realia of the world and teach the new generation how to be adaptable and creative in the society of instability. From the view-point of the authors’ pedagogical theory of CSD (2003), the paper also covers the technological aspects of providing the conditions for positive student motivation in the academic process, the basics of which depend on the intellectual component of a personality. The latter is based on the ability of both students and teachers to make most of the languages of the educational environment for fruitful communication in the light of the philosophy of Dialogism (M.M. Bachtin, V.S.Bibler, M.Buber, Yu. M.Lotman, М.S. Каgan, etc.).

The paper presents results from language testing of 70 Roma children from Bulgaria - pupils of grade 1, studying in one of the biggest Roma settlement’s schools in Sofia, “Fakulteta” district. The children were tested using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. The test measures language comprehension and language production of the children at the beginning and end of the school year. Between the first and second testing, the teaching methodology in instruction for the children was changed - a Roma assistant teacher whose task was to use the mother tongue of the children as a communicative tool was introduced to the classes. The results of the children during the second testing were substantially better and they are discussed in the light of the theory of the American anthropologist J. Ogbu, who developed his cultural-ecological theory (CE) in the 1980s. The results of the children are analyzed via dispersion analysis using ANOVA. According to Ogbu’s CE theory, the school success of minority children depends on the attitudes of the society at large and the level of community support. The paper also briefly discusses the reason why the de-segregation of the Roma children and their integration into mainstream schools in Bulgaria has largely proved to be a failure.

The paper presents the results of theoretical analysis of «information-psychological impact» category. The study aims to determine the role and place of impacts of such kind in the upbringing process, and in education in general. The paper contrasts comparative analysis of existing scientific approaches to understanding the nature and psychological content of the concept of “information” and psychological impact. Based on the data mentioned above, the conclusion is made that the psychological impact is the influence of surrounding elements of the physical and social environment on the people, which change the course of their mental processes, mental state, psychological structure of consciousness and behaviour. In addition, the purposeful psychological impact carried out either by an individual or a collective entity can be direct or indirect (e.g. information psychological). Based on the performed analysis the conclusion is made that depending on their purpose and nature of influence, information and psychological impact can be manipulative (subject-object) or developmental (subject-subject). Manipulative impact creates temporary, unstable mental forms, while developing impact creates stable personality forms. Both kinds of information and psychological influences can be observes in the educational process. The teacher selects types of influence based on his/her own pedagogical qualifications and teaching objectives: to develop the personality of the student or to form behavioural stereotypes.

The article compares some problems of the person and the personality study in Russian and foreign (primarily US) psychology. The authors describe the phenomenology of the personality as it is perceived and described in a textbook published by the American Psychological Association in 2015. The structure of the Five-Factor model (“Big Five”) as one of the main approaches to the study of personality in foreign psychology and the System-Functional Approach to the personality traits analysis, which embodies many Russian psychology traditions, are briefly presented in the paper. The main results of the comparative study of the curiosity and persistence as system-functional personality traits and the “Big Five” factors (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, consciousness) are described and analyzed. The sample includes 207 first and second-year university students of Linguistics department. The Big Five factors were measured with the Russian NEO Five-Factor Inventory adaptation by S.Biryukov and M.Bodunov, curiosity and persistence as system-functional personality traits were measured with the paper-and-pencil test developed by A.I. Krupnov. The Spearman correlation analysis and factor analysis were used for statistical analysis. The study shows that there are stable correlations between Persistence as a conative personality trait studied within the System-Functional Approach framework and Consciousness as a Five-Factor Model trait, and Curiosity as a cognitive trait and Openness (within the same respective frameworks). Persistence shows closer associations with the factors of the Big Five model than Curiosity. Extraversion and Neuroticism as individual-personal factors characterize a measure of a person’s activeness in the implementation of their personality traits and difficulties in these traits implementation, respectively.

The paper examines the steps to introduce basic translation skills to level 200 students of Russian. It adopts the teacher-student centered approach and employs the theory of equivalence at a superficial level to achieve the intended goal. The aim of the paper is to enhance on students’ language proficiency while at the same time introducing translation skills at the intermediate level.The study is designed to equip students with basic translation skills. It aims at strengthening students’ bilingual competence at the level of written translation as our priority and then oral translation otherwise known as interpretation. It points to the fundamental ingredients needed to be acquired before embarking on the translation task. Main research questions are: a) the steps to introduce and strengthen translation skills to level 200 students of Russian; 2) identifying basic language principles required to do proper translation; 3) relating language to the immediate realities of the student in the introduction process.Based on the experience of introducing basic translation skills to level 200 students of Russian at the University of Ghana, it was concluded that the teacher and student centered approaches are employed to produce acceptable and genuine results.

The paper deals with the influence of modern mass media on the process of a person’s socialization and demonstrates their role in shaping information and communication needs of adolescents. The literature analysis helped to identify that a person’s information and communication needs are manifested in the form of a demand for the form of communication messages proposed by the society and are associated with the information support of the person’s vital substructures (experience, knowledge; focus, interests; forms of communication). The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted on a sample of adolescents aged 13-15 ( n = 85). It was conducted using a questionnaire focusing on the features of their information and communication needs, and the following techniques: the Psychological Mindedness Scale (H.R. Conte, adapted by M.A. Novikova and T.V. Kornilova), the World Assumptions Scale (R. Janoff-Bulman, adapted by O. Kravtsova), and the Technique of studying the structure of personal maturity (R.M. Shamionov). An analysis of mass media consumption by adolescents showed that the main sources of information for them are television and the Internet. The study demonstrated that girls also read magazines and newspapers and prefer informative materials about fashion and style. They aim at satisfying their educational needs 2.3 times more than boys, whereas boys aim at satisfying needs associated with information on sports and entertainment. In terms of personality traits that determine the effectiveness of socialization, girls differ from boys in that they have a more marked psychological rationality and benevolence towards the world in their personal structure of world assumptions.

A new measure based on Triandis’s horizontal/vertical individualism-collectivism cultural orientation was developed to assess perceived community culture though the lens of horizontal individualism, vertical individualism, horizontal collectivism, and vertical collectivism. In the first step, a qualitative analysis using cognitive interviews showed that item wordings were appropriate to the Russian context, meaningfully accurate, and tangible to participants. In the second step, there was empirical testing of measure with 300 participants of the sociopsychological survey (questionnaire). The results showed that the expected factor structure had acceptable global and local fit of measurement model with the collected data. The measures had measurement equivalence by gender and acceptable indicators of reliability and validity. Comparison of obtained results with those published earlier showed that presented measure of the cultural orientations provided better model fit and indicators than the original measure or its other modifications, adaptations, and translations into Russian. Moreover, the developed measure showed that the assessment results were meaningfully correlated with the individual values of the participants assessed by Schwartz’s basic human values approach. Finally, the measure is particularly useful and can be successfully applied in a variety of studies aimed to study social influence. The questionnaire in English is available at Appendix in the end of the paper.

The paper discusses some aspects of the development of basic vocational training in the field of culture and art, as an element of the system of training staff for these institutions . The authors focus on the historical aspects of studying the initial level of training staff for culture and art institutions. The paper concludes that, despite the specifics of music and art institutions in Kemerovo region, they generally perform their functions, but dramatic changes in the socioeconomic, political, cultural and spiritual life of the country led to a systemic crisis of basic vocational education.

The article examines the theoretical aspects of the problem of reflexive-prognostic competence of the individual. The purpose of the article is to highlight generalized information about the concept of ‘reflexive-prognostic competence’. The essence of the concepts ‘competence’, ‘reflection’, ‘reflexivity’, ‘reflexive competence’, ‘forecasting’, ‘prognostic competence’, ‘reflexive-prognostic competence’ is revealed. Different interpretations of the phenomenon of ‘competence’ are given, it is noted that this concept is studied in detail not only in scientific papers but also in real life. It is established that the competence is aimed at ensuring the process of using the knowledge and skills gained in experience to solve certain problems. The essence and correlation of the terms ‘reflection’ and ‘reflexivity’ are clarified. It is determined that reflexivity is a broader concept than reflection; reflexivity is the quality of personality that defines reflection as a process; reflexivity is the ability to reflect. In the study, we understand reflexivity as the ability to mental activity that helps individuals identify with the social environment. In the course of theoretical analysis it is established that the reflexive competence of the individual arises and develops only in activity, interaction and communication, which is manifested in the individual’s awareness of goals, objectives, consequences of their actions and decisions, the need for reflective activity. It was found that one of the important components of the reflexive competence of an individual is the ability to predict future life, because the regulation of behavior cannot be done without building a model of the future. The analysis of the definitions of the concept of ‘forecasting’ has shown that it is a complex phenomenon that determines the prospects for the development of a phenomenon or event. Thanks to forecasting, a person is able to control their own activities. The theoretical analysis of sources on the problem of forecasting revealed that the prognostic competence of an individual consists of the ability to predict performance, in relationships with others, as well as in relation to their own health. The article defines the concept of ‘reflexive-prognostic competence’, namely: integrative professional quality of personality, based on a system of reflexive-prognostic knowledge, skills, abilities and promotes purposeful understanding of the content of the inner world, in order to anticipate the probable changes from their actions and choose the most appropriate solutions to problems.

The theory and practice of professional training at higher educational institutions as a pedagogical problem is closely linked to social and economic development in society, which is now the focus of many professionals from around the world. This is due to the fact that students are the future of the country. Physical education provides a unique and varied medium for learning. It develops students physically, intellectually, emotionally, socially, aesthetically, and creatively. It promotes the overall development of each student as a whole person. Physical education fosters diversity of skills and learning; it fosters practical use of these skills in different situations, and it fosters individual as well as group creativity in the use of these skills. Physical education encourages individual as well as team development. It encompasses a broad range of human feelings, emotion, and experiences. Students become increasingly more independent as their daily lives become more complex and diversified. Students begin to make decisions and choices in taking increased responsibility for themselves. Quality physical education programs provide students conceptual and practical understanding of: 1) health-related physical fitness, and 2) how to maintain a health-related level of physical fitness. Physical education plays a vital part in helping students maintain and refine the skills and knowledge needed to select physical activities to use throughout their lives. The paper demonstrates a new way for modernization of physical education system for 17–20 year-old girls with the use of groove machines in the gym. Groove machines typically emphasize the development of specific muscle groups. Muscle groups can be isolated, muscle imbalances can be corrected, and weak areas can be strengthened. Groove machines are sometimes more suited to strengthen muscles that are more difficult to target with free weights, such as the lats and hip ab/adductors. Limitations lie in the coordination of muscle groups for sports. In the process of method development we have kept all educational themes, hours and lesson structure, but have divided semesters into complexes. For more effective mastering of the learning material we have added new themes to the theoretical base. The chosen training methods must be coordinated with all other training to produce optimal competitive performance. The method of strength skills development has been elaborated. In addition, position requirements and individual differences further define the goals of the strength training program. The positive influence of this methodology on students’ level of physical training has been demonstrated.

The paper substantiates and meaningfully develops information and digital competence of primary school pupils in the context of their cyber socialization. The most significant features of cyber socialization are highlighted: opportunities to communicate in the Internet environment in real time; restructuring of the leisure and information sphere, changes in characteristics of the educational process in the process of cyber socialization. Human activity in the virtual socializing environment of cyberspace is not limited to the position of a viewer, reader or listener, the pupils can organize and be engaged in action, they can influence what is happening; using modern information and communication technologies which leads to the development and transformation of human activities at almost any age due to the emergence of new skills, operations, procedures and methods of performing actions, new target and motivational-semantic structures in a virtual socializing environment. It is determined that social pedagogy, the subject of which is socialization and social education, fits into the concept of cyberpedagogics, digital pedagogy, since it is also aimed at developing the skills of interaction and communication, education and training in cyberspace, the development of socio-pedagogical technologies of cyber socialization, the implementation of optimal, depending on the age of the child, socio-pedagogical support and socio-pedagogical support for this process, timely adequate assistance to the child in the process of their cyber socialization. It is shown that the success of the process of a child’s cyber socialization is largely determined by the necessary level of information and digital competence formation, adequate for the age, on the one hand, and the digital information technologies, on the other. Based on the analysis, it is established that the younger pupils manifest themselves differently in each of these spheres of life. At the same time, the content of their digital competence is influenced by their age, social environment, educational environment, family, material and technical capabilities, and conditions. It should be especially taken into account that the process of active introduction of information and computer technologies in all spheres of life is accompanied by uneven access to digital technologies due to the differentiation of territories and uneven development in different social and age groups. The theoretical analysis of scientific concepts that are caused by the process of pupils cyber socialization, allowed to formulate the initial concept of research, where the information and digital competence of a primary school pupil is understood as the ability acquired by the student at the basic level to constructive and responsible social interaction and communication with adults and peers, to personal development based on the acquisition and updating of knowledge, skills and abilities of information and digital technologies, to high behavioural motivation and network ethics in the school digital environment.

The paper substantiates that the radical changes taking place in all spheres of modern society necessitate a revision of the basic requirements for the training of specialists who should be not only highly qualified, but also be prepared for lifelong education. It has been shown that the state regulations and international documents on education define lifelong learning as the main vector of educational development in the 21st century. It has been determined that the achievement of this goal is possible due to the organization of the training process at university, aimed at gradual transition from the traditional educational format in the form of providing students with a set of ready-made knowledge to self-education, which is the highest degree of education. The essence of the key components of the concept “self-education”, i.e. the categories “self-“ and “education” has been disclosed. The essential differences between the concepts “training” and “education” have been explained, namely: the purpose of training is forming utilitarian skills with specific pragmatic goals, and education is aimed at developing a person as an individual, developing his/her spiritual strengths and abilities. Examples of dictionary equivalents of the term “self-education”, which exist in foreign scientific, reference and encyclopedic literature, have been given. The term “self-education” in the context of philosophy, sociology, psychology and pedagogy has been analyzed. It has been ascertained that among contemporary researchers there is no unanimous position on the interpretation of this term as each of them considers it through the lens of a particular aspect. The main approaches to the definition of the concept “self-education” that have developed in Western pedagogical theory have been characterized. It has been substantiated that full-fledged self-education is possible only if self-study and selfeducation are combined. Self-study involves the acquisition of knowledge on the basis of the person’s own aspirations and through self-selected means. Self-improvement is associated with the manifestation of significant willpower, a high degree of self-awareness, perseverance and purposefulness, resulting in the development of the individual’s qualities that determine the sustainable nature of any kind of independent activity. It has been revealed that in modern didactics self-education is defined as an activity process, and activity is defined as the basis of self-education. The differences between the concepts “self-educational activities”, “independent activity” and “independent work” on key features have been outlined, namely: on the source of goals, the level of independence and the definition of the subject of control over the results. It has been proved that the student’s self-educational activity, in contrast to independent activity, goes beyond external goal-setting and control and is implemented in a completely autonomous mode both during training at university and after graduation. The definition of the term “self-education” is given as the individual’s purposeful systematic cognitive activity, in the course of which he/she independently acquires knowledge and improves skills, resulting in the qualitative development of their personality. The need for continuous self-development is the basis of this activity, and a personal educational product, which involves self-mastery of the system of knowledge and ways to acquire it as well as the development of personality and his/her abilities, is the result of this activity. The main characteristics of self-educational activity are motivational activity, internal freedom, purposefulness, ability to independently acquire necessary knowledge, a strong desire for self-improvement.

The article reveals the essence of the system-activity approach to the formation of research competence of future translators by means of project-based learning and identifies its features in the process of their professional training in higher education. The content of the concept of “research competence” is analyzed and it is established that the basis of research competence is the ability to identify the problem in time, formulate a hypothesis, select and analyze the necessary information for research, select the necessary research and data processing methods. The ability to analyse the intermediate results of the study, to discuss the possibility of interpreting the results of the study, to use the results of the study in practice is required. It is noted that the methodological basis for the formation of research competence of future translators by means of project-based learning at higher education institutions is a modern approach to scientific knowledge. This is a system-activity approach. The system-activity approach in the research is considered as a methodological direction of management of socio-pedagogical systems, which involves the presence of interconnected and interdependent activities in the pedagogical process (teaching, education, management, development, learning, etc.). In the course of theoretical analysis, the main ideas of the system-activity approach in the context of formation of research competence of future translators are revealed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that training in the context of the system-activity approach should be organized in such a way as to purposefully form the research competence of future translators. It is established that the use of project-learning technologies allows to bring educational activities as close as possible to the conditions of professional research. The experience of implementation of the systemactivity approach in the formation of research competence of future translators at Alfred Nobel University is revealed. The formation of research competence of future specialists took place in three stages: the formation of skills in working with literature, which is a necessary skill when working on educational or scientific research; implementation of educational and research projects (in the first year – writing essays, in the second and third years – writing term papers and implementation of other projects of educational and research direction); extracurricular work of students (participation of future translators in student conferences, implementation of research projects of various kinds in such disciplines as “Comparative Lexicology of English and Ukrainian”, “Translation Practice”, “Self-Management”, “Linguistics of Second Foreign Languages”).

The problems of artificial intelligence from the very beginning of this applied area of science in the mid-20th century have closely intersected with psychological problems, primarily with the psychology of thinking. As experience shows, not only real developments in artificial intelligence but also the discussed prospects for building its working models largely depend on technological progress in the field of computers and software. The paper discusses the changes in representations of heuristics understood as creative thinking and as techniques or rules that are useful for finding solutions to problems. The following issues are specifically considered: the psychological side of the problems of heuristic programming, the similarities and differences between human and computer heuristics, the probability and possible consequences of the singularity phenomenon (understood as the superiority of artificial intelligence over natural one), including the example of the functioning of the community of professional chess players. It is concluded that the progress of computer models and artificial intelligence systems are promising for the positive transformation of the human psyche.

One of the psychological effects of digitalization is the establishment of specific relationships between a person and the cyber environment and its components. The paper presents the results of a study of the emotional component of attitudes towards the components of the digital environment, carried out using emotive-predicate analysis, a new method of computer text processing implemented in TITANIS, an advanced social media text analysis tool. Using this method, it is possible to automatically extract descriptions of emotional situations from texts in which the components of the digital environment are the cause or subject of 68 emotional states. The texts of 2048 online videos posted in the Russian-language segment of YouTube served as the material for the analysis. According to the frequency of occurrence, emotional situations involving various components of the digital environment are quite typical for even thematically irrelevant online discussions. The components of the digital environment mentioned in non-thematic discussions as participants in emotional situations are classified into the following three groups: (1) general concepts of digital technologies; (2) digital devices; (3) activities mediated by digital technologies. The lexemes of the latter group, denoting various aspects of network communication, are included in the vast majority of descriptions of emotional situations involving the components of the digital environment, and six times more often as causes of emotions than as subjects of emotional states. In general, the emotional attitude towards the components of the cyber environment as a whole is characterized as balanced, without a noticeable predominance of negative or positive emotions. However, negative states are more often attributed to the components of the cyber environment as the subjects than as the causes of emotions. The practical significance of the described method of text analysis as a means of assessing the emotional component of attitudes towards the components of the digital environment is determined by the influence that affective reactions of users have on the demand for technical innovations and the direction of their development.

The article generally considers the problem of changes in the functioning of cognitive processes in the context of digitalization. Systematization of the current studies on attention reveals that the vast majority of them are devoted to media multitasking, the results of which are rather contradictory and relate mainly to adolescents and young men. The academic community also analyzes the impact of digital technologies on the attention of students of different age groups, the effect of which is assessed rather as negative. The present study tests the hypothesis of possible changes in the implementation of this cognitive function in adult Internet users. Empirical testing was carried out through a comparative analysis of the attention span in adults who prefer different information coding systems: traditional (“paper”) or digital. The study sample included people aged 37-60 who received higher education in the pre-digital era and are currently engaged in intellectual work; they were divided into two groups: adult readers and adult Internet users (n = 50 each). To clarify the differences in the attention span in adult respondents with different practices of accessing information carriers, a group of students, active young Internet users (n = 50), was also involved. The attention span parameters were assessed using Bourdon’s dot cancellation test. The results of the study statistically reliably show that the adult readers ( p ≤ 0.01) have a higher ability to concentrate attention than active Internet users (both young and adults), keeping it within the normative boundaries that were inherent in people of the pre-digital era.

The new digital environment and the COVID-19 crisis, having drastically increased the amount of teleworking and e-commerce, seem to have benefited GAFAM and digital platforms. Under the current conditions, SMEs and traditional businesses are forced to look for adaptive strategies. Some researchers (e.g. A. Carmeli and G.D. Markman) argue that they SMEs and traditional businesses need to build entrepreneurial and organizational resilience . And it is in this respect, in particular, that psychology can be usefully mobilized to analyze new forms of economic competition. On these grounds, the authors of the paper defend the idea that the SMEs and traditional businesses will be able to exist and assert themselves against their new competitors. In this new interconnected, turbulent and uncertain environment, this self-assertion passes through a strategic and organizational reconfiguration, but also and above all, through entrepreneurial action in its effectual logic which can lead to resilience and, moreover, to antifragility .