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The article considers the social activities of non-governmental organizations in relation to families with children in the context of the modernization of the system of social services for the population, which is aimed at encouraging citizens to independently overcome life difficulties. The paper analyses the social activities of commercial and non-profit organizations, innovative technologies, the quality and variety of services provided to families in need. The authors determine the main barriers to their interaction with government agencies. The study notes, that social activities of commercial and non-commercial organizations expand the range of social services, their accessibility to the population, improve the quality and efficiency. The paper defines the priority directions of activities of socially oriented NGOs in relation to families and children in the context of Russian realities: assistance to families in the development and upbringing of children, assistance in employment and adaptation of mothers, social support for families in need, etc. The study established that the non-governmental sector responds quickly to the needs of citizens and acute social problems, which allows it to be an effective performer of social services. The authors conclude that in Russia it is necessary to form an effective management system for the development of non-governmental organizations as providers of services to families in need, optimize inter-sectoral collaboration. Social activities of the non-governmental sector have great potential and development prospects.

The authors investigate the prospects for the spatial development of modern Russia highlighting the supporting regions considered in the budgetary aspect. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of the current policy of “equalization”, as well as the need for breakthrough growth of the Russian economy within the framework of national development goals. The present paper aims to identify one of the key elements of the supporting framework of the spatial organization of Russia in terms of the level of fiscal capacity. The research methodology is based on the use of complex, statistical and comparative analyses. The authors used official data of Rosstat on the population, tax and non-tax revenues, gratuitous receipts in 2010 and 2019 by regions of Russia. The authors highlight the key aspects of the spatial development of the Russian economy in the regional context: human capital development, economic development, the functioning of spatial structures of various types, fiscal capacity, environmental component, location of information and communication infrastructure, and geopolitical position. The influence of the fiscal capacity parameter on the sustainable socio-economic development of the region is justified. The fiscal capacity index of the constituent entities of Russia is analyzed at the end of 2010 and 2019, the main trends are identified. The study presents a cartographic visualization of the Russian regions by per capita fiscal capacity for tax and non-tax revenues of the consolidated budgets in 2019. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the revenues of consolidated regional budgets on the macro-regional level, as a result of which the leading regions were identified and their budget parameters described.The present paper outlines one of the key elements of the supporting framework of Russian spatial organization from the point of view of fiscal capacity and identifies potential regions supporting spatial development in the context of macro-regions. The authors conclude that the supporting framework of the spatial organization of Russia, formed by the level of fiscal capacity, characterizes the financial potential of the territories, which can contribute to the development of interregional cooperation, including through the use of mechanisms for ensuring “horizontal” inter-budgetary transfers and budget loans. The prospect for further research on this topic consists in assessing and shaping other elements of the spatial development of Russia and identifying, by uniting them, supporting regions that can stimulate the development of not only the semi-periphery and periphery of their macro-regions but also of the entire country.

Introduction. The new digital economy and its constantly evolving paradigm have completely transformed the model of doing business and the learning methods. MOOCs (massive-open-online-courses) and micro-credentials are the educations interfaces, have become an important teaching environment tool. Distance learning has become an indispensable alternative teaching method in updating and transferring classical education materials according to real-world settings, especially for learners in higher education.Aim. The current research is aimed to address the society's readiness and attitude direction to the concept of MOOCs and distance learning, highlighting its emergence and inevitability for educational institutions of all types in order to make a fundamental change in their curricula, especially in e-business courses, which are the most demanded training courses on MOOCs platforms.Methodology and research methods. In the study, the awareness and recognition of the online community on the MOOCs concept is examined. In this direction, Turkish people's perception and attitudes toward MOOCs have been addressed via sentiment analysis on Eksi Sozluk, the largest social communication and discussion platform in Turkey.Results. According to the sentiment analysis results, it has been determined that 52% of respondents have positive judgments on distance education and MOOCs, 29% of responses are neutral and 18% are negative. In general, distance education and MOOCs are perceived as a useful new education model by the Turkish people.Scientific novelty. This paper is the first sentiment analysis of learners' opinions on MOOCs and distance learning in Turkey. Considering the increasing awareness of MOOCs and the need for e-business education, as the most demanded type of MOOCs, this is the first study investigating the priority of these two phenomena within the context of COVID-19.Practical significance. It is thought that this study will contribute to the stakeholders in terms of showing how MOOCs and micro-credentials have a high potential to understanding trends in education especially in the new normal after the COVID-19 pandemic. The holistic education model of institutions has difficulty meeting the competitive nature and result-oriented approach of the e-business ecosystem. This market reality requires the institutions to offer more to-the-point and applied education solutions. In terms of e-business (e-commerce, digital marketing) education, the importance of MOOCs as a solution-focused on “how” rather than “what” has been comprehensively discussed in the paper. Введение. Новая цифровая экономика и ее постоянно развивающаяся парадигма полностью изменили модель ведения бизнеса и методы обучения. MOOK (массовые открытые онлайн-курсы) и программы микроквалификаций - это образовательные интерфейсы, которые превратились в важный инструмент учебной среды. В высших учебных заведениях дистанционное обучение стало незаменимым альтернативным методом преподавания при обновлении и передаче классических учебных материалов в соответствии с реальными условиями.Цель данного исследования - определить готовность и отношение общества к концепции МООК и дистанционного обучения, а также подчеркнуть неизбежность их использования в образовательных учреждениях любого уровня, для того чтобы внести фундаментальные изменения в учебные планы, особенно в программы курсов электронного бизнеса - наиболее востребованного направления образовательных курсов на платформах МООК.Методология и методы исследования. В исследовании анализируется осведомленность общества о концепции MOOK. Восприятие и отношение респондентов к МООК было рассмотрено с помощью сентимент-анализа на платформе Eksi Sozluk (социальная коммуникационно-дискуссионная онлайн-площадка). Результаты. Согласно результатам сентимент-анализа, 52 % опрошенных оценивают дистанционное обучение и МООК положительно, 29 % - нейтрально и 18 % - отрицательно. В общем, дистанционное образование и МООК воспринимаются респондентами как новая полезная модель образования. Научная новизна. Авторы впервые провели сентимент-анализ мнений о МООК и дистанционном обучении среди пользователей этих платформ в Турции. Это первое исследование, в котором рассматривается приоритетность растущей осведомленности о МООК и необходимости в дистанционном бизнес-образовании как наиболее предпочтительном типе МООК в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Практическая значимость. Предполагается, что данное исследование будет способствовать демонстрации заинтересованным участникам того, что МООК и программы микроквалификаций имеют высокий потенциал для осмысления тенденций изменения образования, особенно в условиях модели новой нормальности после пандемии COVID-19. Целостная образовательная модель учреждения образования сопряжена с трудностями в плане соответствия конкурентному характеру и ориентированному на результат подходу экосистемы электронного бизнеса. Рыночная реальность требует, чтобы учебные заведения предлагали более целенаправленные и прикладные образовательные решения для развития данной сферы обучения. Что касается курсов электронного бизнеса (электронная коммерция, цифровой маркетинг), то важность MOOК как решения, ориентированного на то, как, а не что, подробно обсуждается в статье. The present research is supported by Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project No. SBA-2021-2442). Данное исследование поддержано Отделом координации научно-исследовательских проектов Университета Инёню (проект № SBA-2021-2442).

The article describes economic and social problems of different countries resulting from the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper defines general and specific characteristics of economic difficulties in developed and developing countries. The authors carry out a preliminary analysis of the economic and social consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for the global economy as a whole. The study presents a comparative description of approaches to the formation of state financial support for businesses and households in developed countries of the European Union, China and Russia. The article identifies two main models of state support – push/pull, shows their differences in the amount of funds, the breadth of coverage of final recipients, the availability of benefits, and the degree of bureaucratization of procedures. The paper reveals the rules and procedures for providing state events to support businesses and entrepreneurs on the Russian market, and also uncovers shortcomings that significantly affected the economic situation of agents. The authors describe the consequences of lockdown for the economies of various countries. The study conducts a screen analysis of health systems and their mobilization response to the spread of coronavirus infection. The paper draws conclusions about the advantages of proactive social support for the population and business, the need to increase its targeting and the spread of effective practices in the future.

The modern tendencies in the Russian system of education, the emergence of competition and market relations in this sphere facilitated the reconsideration of the scientific grounds for the higher educational establishments activity. The suggested theoretical and methodological approaches to the domestic higher educational institutions’ management are subject to debate. The paper analyses the most essential terminology for the theoretical grounds of production management applicable for higher education processes. The terms "production", "activity", "production process" are clarified. The frequently used term "the education services production" is proved to be incorrect. The paper specifies the educational service in the context of the higher educational establishment activity, taking into consideration that the educational service should provide the student with the appropriate knowledge, training management, teaching support and student’s own educational activity control. The educational production process with which the student interfaces is divided into three subsequent stages: preparatory, main and final. The essence of each stage is defined. The students’ and teachers’ educational activity subject and result identification ways are suggested. These ways are aimed at making ultimate decisions for educational establishment production management optimization and other aspects improvement.

Introduction. The area of intercultural communication with its system-forming theory, empirical research and implementation is gaining currency both in academic research and in the professional training of students. Regarding the latter aspect, there is a need (a) for developing a concept for the training of master’s students with knowledge of foreign languages; (b) for the introduction of new educational practices that successfully combine intercultural communication, foreign language and the modeling of communicative behavior in foreign language communication with its further reproduction in language practice in the students’ native language as well as (c) for the introduction of an educational project using modern technologies in the practice of institutions of higher education. The paper discusses the concept, structure and content of an educational project relying on the experience of higher education in Russia and Germany and aims to work towards an understanding of the social significance of future professional activities, primarily concerning the specific problems as well as of the adequacy of social and professional contacts in intercultural communication. Materials and Methods. Based on the subject, object and objectives of the study, the project’s methodological plan was implemented in the following stages: project planning, development of the fundamental features of the concept; determination of the project’s content; project modeling; introduction to the training of master’s students of various specialties at institutions of higher education. The methodological basis of the project consisted of the analysis of intercultural communication between representatives of the German and the Russian linguocultural community as well as the exchange of experience between them and their comparison. Results. Following the study and the exchange of experience between the institutions of higher education of Russia and Germany, the need for an integrative educational course was revealed, aiming at the improvement and optimization of intercultural communication skills at the level of both professional and personal communication with the goal to prepare master’s students for their future as researchers and practitioners. The educational project presented in the paper drawing on an eponymous integrative course will increase the efficiency of the training of master’s students from various specialized fields and prepare them for successful communication processes with representatives of other linguocultural communities. Discussion and Conclusion. The contents of this paper will be useful for researchers interested in optimizing the preparation of master’s students with knowledge in foreign languages by applying international experience.

One of priority issues of the present-day healthcare system is development of new vaccines and improvement of existing ones due to decreasing immunocompetence of the population, emergence of new infections and reemergence of old ones which were previously thought to be under control. Adjuvants have proven to be integral and important components of modern vaccines, as they enhance immune response to the vaccine antigen. However, despite a lot of effort put into their development, only a small number of adjuvants are currently used in clinical practice.The aim of the study was to systematise literature data on the adjuvants’ mechanisms of action, their specific structure, composition, and stimulation effects that mediate their immunoadjuvant properties. The paper summarises data on adjuvants used as components in licensed vaccines, describes their characteristics, analyses molecular mechanisms of their action in order to establish correlation between their structure and activity, which is important for the development of more efficacious and safe adjuvants. The paper cites advanced developments aimed at enhancing stimulation effects of existing adjuvants. It concludes by stating that the key research area aimed at improving vaccination efficacy is the study of mechanisms that contribute to the development of effective protection against infectious agents, as well as analysis of how to use adjuvants to stimulate the body’s defensive mechanisms, primarily by impacting the innate immunity.

The author summarizes key science theories of the funded pension system and its development. Theaimof the article is to review and discuss the studies on the efficiency of the funded elements of the pension system from the perspective of international practices. The researchmethodsincluded generalization; classification and comparative analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to evaluating the efficiency of a pension system and its elements; abstraction, which allowed us to classify existing pension plans on the basis of the materials presented in the paper; as well as scientific and grouping methods. The theoretical background of the research is based on the scientific studies indexed in Scopus, Web of Science and RSCI (Russian science citation index) for the period 1981–2019. To organize the presented data this period was divided into four stages depending on the role of the funded elements in the public pension system of the reviewed countries. Theresultsof the research are the systematization and classification of the studies under consideration. Cross-country analysis according to the selected criteria showed that distributive pension systems generally demonstrate a higher level of sustainability and efficiency, as well as are better at ensuring a decent standard of living for the population. The authorconcludesthat in order to increase the efficiency of funded elements it is necessary to reduce their influence on the national economic stability; develop additional regulations for pension investment schemes; implement macroeconomic reforms aimed at the development of funded elements, which require a sustainable national capital market. Theconclusions and resultsof the paper can be useful for further development of the Russian funded pension system and analytical work of the public and research organizations.

Accumulation of knowledge on Crohn’s disease, and development of biological products intended for the treatment of its underlying cause formed the basis for the development of objective methods for assessing the intensity of the pathological process, which in turn affected scientific approaches to the planning of clinical trials in this field. To date, many international recommendations related to planning, conduct of clinical trials, and analysis of their results, have been updated. Considerable experience has been gained with clinical trials of medicines intended for the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Therefore, the methodological approach to the planning of pivotal clinical studies needs to be reviewed. The aim of the study was to develop requirements for planning and expert evaluation of clinical trials conducted with the aim of obtaining marketing authorisation for medicinal products for the treatment of Crohn’s disease. The paper analyses regulations, recommendations, and scientific literature on the treatment of Crohn’s disease and describes the methodology for planning clinical trials. It describes the evolution of approaches to clinical research planning since biological medicines appeared. The authors substantiate the need for an integrated concept of clinical research, which covers goals, estimated therapeutic effect, design, and choice of the statistical analysis method. They also provide scientific arguments in favour of a combined primary endpoint including endoscopic remission and the assessment of treatment results by the patient. The paper lists patient eligibility criteria in terms of “inducing and/or maintaining remission of the disease”. The authors analyse the main intercurrent events, their influence on the therapeutic effect, and propose approaches to the planning of endpoints, including assessment of intercurrent events. The paper highlights the fact that the principles of planning and conducting Phase III clinical trials need to be consistent with the evidence-based strategies of reducing the risk of incorrect assessment of efficacy and safety of new medicines, and that the obtained results have to meet the requirements of the regulatory authorities at the stage of marketing authorisation.

The purpose of the study is to examine the role of social programs in the structure of expenditures of the consolidated budgets of the Russian Federation and the Volgograd region, to identify the main directions for improving the content of targeted programs aimed at implementing specific measures in the field of social policy.Materials and methods: the methodology includes structural and statistical analysis, methods of economic forecasting and modeling. The analysis uses official statistical data, as well as re-ports on the performance of the consolidated budgets of the Russian Federation and the Volgograd region in the period 2014-2018. The paper contains an analysis of both scientific periodicals and non-periodical publications devoted to the topic of this study.Results: the paper discusses the features of spending budget funds for the implementation of social programs at both the federal and regional levels, reflects the model of the impact of the volume of budget financing of the social sphere on the state of the regional economy. In the course of the work, recommendations were developed to improve the mechanism for allocating financial resources, including elements of public-private partnership, as well as to stimulate the development of socially-oriented non-profit organizations that can become effective intermediaries between government agencies and the population in the implementation of social policy measures. The study revealed an upward trend in the volume of budget funds allocated for the implementation of activities within the framework of social environment development programs. At the same time, it was noted that this growth is partially offset by the dynamics of inflation, which indicates the need to optimize expenditure items taking into account data on changes in the consumer price index and the level of real incomes of citizens.Conclusion: centralizing the management of socio-economic development processes seems to be the most rational course of action in an unstable economic system. Improving the quality of life of the population of the regions occurs in the conditions of transformation of economic systems, during which the regional economy joins allRussian course. In the course of the work, the need to improve the effectiveness of the implemented social policy was justified, which becomes especially necessary in the conditions of increasing rates of population outflow from the Volgograd region. The developed social sphere of the region makes it possible to form effective civil society institutions, in which the population independently participates in the process of improving the social environment. To ensure control over timely and complete budget execution, state audit methods can be used (we are talking about regional and municipal control and accounting bodies), including strategic audit, which allows proactive control of the effectiveness of upcoming events. The results of this study can be used to track the dynamics of budget spending in the implementation of socially-oriented programs, as well as to determine the most promising areas of budget financing of the social environment.

Pulmonary artery thromboembolia (PATE) is not a clinical entity as such, but a complication of different diseases and conditions leading to deep thrombosis in the low tension circulation system, right cardiac chambers or causing local thrombosis in the pulmonary artery system. PATE is characterized by complex pathogenesis of respiratory failure of varying severity, which makes it difficult to choose a respiratory support technique.Purpose of the overview: to show advantages of different respiratory support techniques and prospects of high-flux oxygen therapy with regard to PATE pathophysiology.82 sources were selected based on the principle of combining clinical and experimental data from papers published over the recent 5 years and earlier that are still relevant for medical practice.The overview presents the structure of main causes and prevalence of PATE and considers thrombogenesis stages and predominant manifestations of respiratory failure during PATE occurring due to inconsistency between pulmonary ventilation and perfusion. Review discusses five methods of respiratory therapy in PATE patients: low-flux and high-flux oxygen therapy, non-invasive and invasive artificial lung ventilation, extracorporeal blood oxygenation. Finally, the paper shows the efficacy and limitations of these methods.Conclusion. High-flux oxygen therapy seems to be the most effective and promising technique in PATE patients thanks to absence of adverse cardiohemodynamic consequences, subjective comfort for patients, and relation to minimal risks of secondary infectious complications.Nevertheless, the clinical experience accumulated is insufficient to make an absolute choice of one particular technique for respiratory support during PATE. It is necessary to continue investigating the clinical efficacy of high-flux oxygen therapy in the specific population of patients who experienced PATE.

The purpose of the article is to assess the current state and develop measures of state policy to overcome consistently the interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population based on promoting the independence of regional and local authorities of the Russian Federation. The applied purpose of the work is to determine the optimal values of the distribution of revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation at the levels of the budget system as a financial condition of the solvency of the subnational authorities. Due to the provisions of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from 07.05.2018 No. 204 “On National Goals and Strategic Objectives of the Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2024” the range of issues is of critical importance, as it requires the inclusion of regional and local authorities in the implementation of national projects.Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the changes in the level of interregional differences in the main indicators of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for 2000, 2005 and 2016–2018. Based on the analysis of interregional differentiation by the own and total revenues of their consolidated budgets, the changes in the level of financial independence of subnational authorities were assessed. As factors, hindering the development of regions with “selfreliance”, the state debt policy, the policy of inter-budget transfers, as well as the structure of income of the three-level budget system of the country are indicated and analyzed. The methodological basis of the study is the work on regional statistics, structural analysis, quantitative modeling. Tabular and graphic methods of visualization of research results, statistical methods of processing of initial data were used. For the solution of research tasks, the standard packages of the applied programs of Microsoft Windows were used.Results. The article shows the excessive centralization at the Federal level of the main decisions that determine the fiscal and debt policy of regional and local authorities, the “explosive” growth in the volume of subnational debt for these years, as well as the “blurring” of inter-budget transfers from the Federal budget to the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The debt policy of the state and inter-budgetary regulation are estimated as not fully corresponding to the tasks of spatial development of the country. A system solution for optimizing the structure of three-level budget system of the Russian Federation is proposed and a method for determining the optimal values of the distribution of revenues of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation by levels of the budget system is given.Conclusion. The paper deals with the differentiation of Russian regions in terms of the level and quality of life of the population, analyzes the factors that led to this differentiation. The high heterogeneity of Russia’s spatial development is one of the features of its economy. State fiscal and debt policy, inter-budget transfer policy are the key factors in consistently solving the problems of overcoming interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population, improving the competitiveness of the country, ensuring sustainable economic growth. Achieving the optimal structure of the budget system (as well as the movement to it) will create conditions not only for the inclusion of subnational authorities in the implementation of national projects, but also for the implementation of the diversity of the potential of its regions – a unique advantage of the Russian Federation.

The paper describes the specifics of planning federal budget allocations for budgetary investments in 2019–2021.The relevance of the paper is due to the fact that Presidential Decree No. 204 of May 07.2018 sets the goal for Russia to break into the top five world economies and ensure economic growth rates exceeding the world rates while maintaining the macroeconomic stability. The subject of the research is federal budget allocations for budgetary investments. The purpose of the research was to assess the volume, dynamics, structure and legal support of budgetary investments to ensure their compliance with the objectives of the socio-economic development of Russia. Based on a dynamic structural analysis of the federal budget investments as well as a comparative analysis of fixed investments in Russia and developed countries, it is concluded that there is a need to enhance the fixed asset investments by increasing budgetary investment amounts along with encouraging private investing by the population and businesses. Apart from increasing capital investments from the federal budget, it is also important to update the budgetary investment structure with a focus on the main socioeconomic development targets. The analysis of the legal regulation in the field of budgetary investments showed the necessity to refine the existing legal framework to improve the quality of the budgetary investment planning. Following the analysis of factors hindering the growth of private investing, proposals were made on to how to improve the investment climate in the Russian Federation.

Purpose of the study.The study focuses on issues of the level assessment of transport system development of large cities. Despite the wide variety of studies on this issue, there is currently no universal approach to assessing the level of development of the transport system at megalopolises. The present study aims to create a tool for a comprehensive assessment of various aspects of urban transport development that are important for all categories of transport users, and to provide a comparative analysis of the world’s leading megacities in terms of transport development based on the proposed methodology.Materials and methods.In the study, the authors apply an approach related to the construction of integral indexes and ratings of cities based on the values of these indexes. In the calculations of the index, the authors use statistical data from authoritative open sources and information systems of national and municipal government.Results.Based on the results of the world practice analysis, the authors propose the Urban Transport Development Index developed in order to compare the level of transport system development in various cities. The Index provides an opportunity to identify the weaknesses and strengths of cities, to find reserves for the further improvement and development of recommendations in the field of transport policy on this basis. The Index consists of four sub-indexes: the availability of transport services for the urban population, the quality of transport services, road traffic security and the ecological impact of transport, and freight logistics performance. The Index reflects the main aspects of urban transport development and shows the views of different categories of population on the level of transport services. The paper examines the level of transport system development for 2010, 2015, 2016 and 2017 of a group of comparable cities, which includes Hong Kong, London, Mexico, Moscow, New York, St. Petersburg, Singapore, Istanbul, Tokyo and Shanghai. The results showed that Tokyo and London have occupied the leading positions during the period under review. For the seven years Moscow, St. Petersburg and Shanghai have showed the best dynamics of the Index.Conclusion.The proposed method allows both to evaluate the effectiveness of individual regulatory measures known in the practice of other cities, and to simulate their impact on the transport system of the city. The paper concludes with recommendations for further development of cities’ transport systems.

Introduction.The problems of congestion, ecology, and road safety in most of Russia’s major cities have been accumulated in the paper. Strategic planning documents aimed at updating the gene plan, improving the transport and route network, improving traffic safety, improving environmental performance and accessibility for people with disabilities are sent for such important problems solution. The paper presents the results of the scientific research conducted in large cities of Russia. Moreover, the review of the literature is presented, and the achievements of foreign science are taken into account.Materials and methods. Modern approaches to improving the system of public transport are given, the efficiency of high-speed transport modes, the organization of transport services for the disabled and low-mobility groups, traffic safety, ecology, and the implementation of the “Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030” are approved. As a criterion for the efficiency of improving the transport infrastructure, the level of its loading by various modes of transport is used.Results.The problems of influence of the city form on the formation of the transport frame, of the density of settlement and of the efficiency of urban development are considered. New methods of predicting the transport demand of the population, the level of the transport systems’ development and assessing accessibility are proposed. Therefore, the developed algorithms and recommendations for reducing the volume of transport infrastructure helps to improve its performance and availability. Such effect is achieved through the redistribution of transport and passenger flows between different modes of transport.Discussion and conclusion.The authors comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the regulatory and methodological base of the transport industry constantly, improving the performance of the transport infrastructure of modern cities.

According to modern studies in the field of didactics, the content of education, such as mathemati-cal, should be represented by two components of knowledge: information and methodological. The purpose of current research is to identify the potential of mathematical modeling, as a general scientific method of cognition in the process of forming both components of the educational content for students of environmental training directions. Materials and methods . The basis of the research, devoted to the study of the place and role of mathematical modeling in the training of future ecologists was the analysis of literature and the comprehension of experience of teaching mathematics for students of environmental training direc-tions in other Russian universities. Most of the presented models in the publications form knowledge, subjectively new only for the students. The paper is considering in detail the process of constructing by students new scientific knowledge on the basis of mathematical modeling, using methods of multivariate statistical analysis. Results. The information component of the mathematical education content, which includes training in mathematical modeling for students-ecologists, is described. The paper gives an illustration of its methodological component formation on the example of the implementation of a group research project, including construction and analysis of graphical and analytical multiple regression models. Mathematical modeling was carried out on the basis of monitoring data of social-economic and medical-ecological indicators of the Kirov region for 2007-2016 together with students-ecologists of Vyatka State University. The procedure of scientifically based choice of factors in the model, their classification by the method of correlation pleiades, which allow effective analyzing both strong and weak correlation links, prevailing in the relationship between a person and the environment are described in detail. Mathematical modeling of the links between the health indicators of the population of the Kirov region and habitat factors was carried out using multiple correlation-regression analysis. The possible nonlinearity of the studied bonds is taken into account. The process of sequential selection of the best model of multiple regressions is presented, taking into account such criteria as determination coefficient, Zarembka test, standard regression error and approximation error. Conclusion. The listed criteria are satisfied by linear, inverse, power and exponential models. Among them high-quality selection of the regression equation is ensured by an exponential model that has statistically significant parameters and allows interpretation from the ecological point of view. Based on the analysis of the constructed mathematical models, some conclusions are formulated, which are of scientific and practical interest for residents of the Kirov region and consistent with the results of other researchers. In particular, it was found that the health status of the population of the region is more significantly influenced by social-economic factors of the environment in comparison with medical and environmental indicators. The inclusion of mathematical modeling in the content of higher education of future ecologists promotes the formation of a scientific worldview, the applied and professional orientation of teach-ing mathematics, and the strengthening of motivation to study mathematical content. Participation of students at group research projects devoted to the application of mathematical modeling in the future professional activity ensures the implementation of interdisciplinary study, mastering the methods and logic of scientific research.

Introduction . Professional training of the people possessing a wide range of entrepreneurial competencies is becoming an imperative in the conditions of a post-industrial society development characterized by a focus on innovation, priority of knowledge, a high level of competition and involvement of a big proportion of population in service industries. Universities are charged to play a key role in developing highly qualified specialists with an extensive creative and intellectual potential capable of implementing various business projects and becoming a driving force of a sustainable economic growth in their countries. Therefore, there is a big interest in practices of developing graduates’ entrepreneurial culture and literacy established in universities of developed countries. Aim . The article is aimed at systematizing the existing experience of the US and UK universities in delivering entrepreneurship education based on academic models as well as considering a possibility of adapting the most efficient conceptions, teaching approaches and techniques within the Russian higher education system. Methodology and research methods . The methods include a qualitative analysis of the concepts “entrepreneurship education” and “entrepreneurial competencies”. A case study method was used for describing the academic models applied for teaching entrepreneurship in different universities. Results and scientific novelty . The processes and outcomes of entrepreneurship training in the US and UK higher educational institutions were characterized and compared. The paper provides the description of the academic models applied at the leading universities for providing business education. They integrate the elements of experiential learning, multidisciplinary, multicultural, interactive, learner-centered teaching approaches to developing entrepreneurial behavior patterns, key and variable competencies and “soft” skills. The paper reveals the problems and drawbacks of entrepreneurship education delivery within the Russian higher education: a discrepancy between the competencies fixed in university curricula and the ones actually needed; an inadequacy of teaching methods and absence of consistency in the course of students’ acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skills for efficient entrepreneurship activity. Practical significance . The recommendations for improving entrepreneurship education in the Russian higher education system were proposed. The authors grounded a need for implementing an academic model of experiential learning, which enables graduates to develop entrepreneurial competencies and acquire a system of knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship.

The paper addresses the need for developing criteria-based diagnostic tools for quick individual and group evaluation of musical knowledge in children within the system of basic music education. The proposed technique called “Five Minutes of Composers” allows one to evaluate musical knowledge in a single child, in a whole class or in an educational organisation. The paper provides a full description of the technique and the process of its standartisation: stanines and corresponding normative values are assigned to each age group; the differential validity of the technique is statistically proven for the factors "gender", "stage of education", "age", and "total productivity". The outcomes of the conducted study show the following: the average level of productivity is significantly higher in girls; this level is significantly higher in students of 6th and 7th classes as compared to students of 3rd—5th classes; there is a direct correlation between age and productivity of recall; children with high levels of productivity outscore others in the number of recalled names of composers right from the start. The paper concludes with some remarks concerning the possibilities of using this technique for measuring the progress in children’s musical knowledge, for criteria-based comparative analysis of the quality of teaching, and for evaluating the quality of music education in single classes and educational organisations in general.

The paper focuses on the main aspects of working towards making quality higher education accessible for persons with disabilities. The paper reveals specific educational conditions necessary for teaching and supporting students with disabilities, such as: developing and implementing career guidance programmes, adapted educational programmes, programmes for social psychological support, programmes for employment assistance and post-graduate support of students. Adaptation of educational programmes implies not only establishing a set of common requirements for adjusting the educational process to teaching individuals with disabilities depending on the specifics of their disability, but it also implies developing universal approaches and requirements for providing special settings in which their learning takes place. It is important that physical (architectural), informational, academic services and facilities be available for students with different disabilities and that members of the staff of an education organization have special competencies for working with the disabled persons. The paper also stresses the necessity of developing and implementing an effective model of extending the successful experience that a number of universities have in teaching students with disabilities to the system of higher education in general. This major goal could be achieved through the establishment of a network of resource and training centers in the regions of Russia.

Introduction. There are two tendencies considerably allocated in educational process of the modern higher school: the increasing amount of time for independent work of students and the active introduction of the information and communication technologies (ICT) which is followed by its continuous updating and improvement. The article contributes to the problem of managing competency-based and professionally-oriented self-study for future teachers; the suggested method combines the advantages of project-based learning and the use of ICT. Aim . The objective of the paper is to assess the efficacy of interdisciplinary e-project-based approach to managing university students’ self-study. Methods . To evaluate the efficacy of such innovative method as interdisciplinary e-projects, we use quantitative and qualitative assessment. A set of quantitative pre- and post-surveys are administered for students in order to evaluate their learning outcomes and competencies development. Students’ motivation and attitudes were evaluated through questionnaires, interviews and discussions. An expert group appraisal method was used to define assessment components. Results. The groups of didactic properties and ICT didactic functions are allocated and analysed. Types of educational projects are presented. Definition and characteristic of the interdisciplinary e-project are given. Results of the pedagogical experiment conducted in M. T. Kalashnikov Izhevsk State University are described; the technology of development among students of foreign-language and information-communication competences as the most important professional ones is approved. Scientific novelty. The method of interdisciplinary e-projects is offered; it involves a set of the educational-informative techniques and procedures realized in the electronic environment and directed to the solution of the interdisciplinary problem connected with types and tasks of vocational activity. Interdisciplinary eproject-based approach to managing university students’ self-study prevents the loss of vital professional competences that were formed at early stages of training; the problem-oriented nature of activity of pupils should be considered while performing e-projects. Gradual and systematic use of the method of interdisciplinary e-projects throughout the whole period of training in higher education institution provides positive dynamics of vocational training quality. Practical significance. E-project-based approach proposed in this paper can be used for full-and part-time educational courses, correspondence courses, and for vocational development courses.

The aim of the presented publication is to discuss the changes in the practice of professional higher education which consist in strengthening and emphasis of an educational component in educational process. Methods. The methods involve the analysis of a condition of higher education and the provisions of the Federal Law on Education regulating its functioning in the Russian Federation; text-centered approach to education of the person of culture – the professional specialist, responsible for the activities. Results and scientific novelty. It states that some drawbacks of the existing present-day education organization are being constantly discussed by a pedagogical community of the Russian Federation: the absence of development stability; the absence of effective strategies and technologies of their implementation; the triumph of national nihilism confirmed by high schools and individual scientists participation in different foreign educational projects, usually having world notorious reputation; penetration of commercial principals in to an education system, the latter having been turned in to an education service, etc. As a result the personality quality itself has greatly deteriorated as well as Russia society intellect, on the whole, according to some law, psychological, philosophical and pedagogical analysis. The article stresses that the way out maybe found in restoring Russian national traditions and lost values and returning them to Russian education via adequate upbringing process. The authors describe their innovative model comprising three directions: 1) the integral three-factor spiritual, moral and intellectual upbringing of the students; 2) specially selected text content professional information using text-centered approach and 3) peculiar interaction of two education subjects: a student and a teacher. Their cooperation envisages the following stages: first, teacher’s strict guidance of a student; then – teacher’s soft support of a student; after this – teacher’s accompanying a student at a special request and, at last, – wise consulting a student if needed. In the long run, in the author’s opinion, this system should succeed in creating some special platform for student’s further self-upbringing and self-learning. The model described in the paper is considered on the example of the discipline «A foreign language in the professional sphere». The just described model was worked out for effective foreign language education process perceived as a part of professional high-school education. Due to this system, foreign language becomes a source of professionally demanded and personally valuable information. Practical significance. The model provided in the paper gives the chance to the student to be lifted to self-education level, to plan professional self-development and to build an individual trajectory of professional career.

Introduction: the paper examines the influence of the portfolio approach on the effective use of training time by contemporary students. This problem is topical due to modernisation of domestic education and the introduction of the new federal state educational standards of higher education, which foresee the intensification of educational process at Institutions of Higher Education. Materials and Methods: based of the analysis of differentiation of students depending on capability for instruction and desire to learn, the paper reveals the potential categories of students requiring a motivational tool, that would enable them to rapidly and effectively acquire general cultural and professional competences. The students of Samara State Aerospace University participated in the experiment. The instruction of students in control groups was carried out traditionally, and in the experimental one – with the application of portfolio approach. Results: upon completion of testing entitled “do you have a feeling of time?” the research into timesaving potential of portfolio approach has revealed, that students in control and experimental groups can be divided into four categories: “overbusy”, “in general able to manage their studies well”, “able to manage their studies optimally” and “virtually successful”. The research showed that students in experimental groups began to manage more in a shorter time, the portion of students of the second and third categories has increased in comparison with the first and the fourth groups. Discussion and Conclusions: as a whole, the findings have practical significance, making it possible to intensify the educational activity of students. The application of portfolio approach during the organisation of the independent work of students changed their attitude to “ the value” of time.

Introduction: the objective of this paper is to explain through the agency theory and theory of resources and capacities as is the process of assessment in higher educat ion institutions. Materials and Methods: the methods used are the analytical and descriptive of the literature review on the issue of evaluation occurring in Institutions of Higher Education in México. Results: the actors that are involved in the decision-making and the use that is giving the resources derived from repeatedly to practices that opportunistic diminishing the value that is given to the evaluation, in addition to the decrease in team work. After describing the background and delimitation of the problem, it is justified the aim of this paper which is to present an overview of how the evaluation process, the actors involved and conflicts that may arise as a result of that proce ss. Discussion and Conclusions: as a theoretical background of this paper, it is supported by the agency theory and the resource and capabilities theory both from the field of strategy. The main conclusion argues that the evaluation of Higher Education Institutions in México should be a tool to encourage continuous improvement. Self-evaluation becomes a key part of these processes, but this will be useful to the extent that stakeholders are aware of their actions, that there is a change of mentality less focused on control, money and the market, greater teamwork and knowledge generation applicable to the loc al context.

The aim of the paper is to consider the characteristics of the electronic textbook as the subject of the information-educational environment, which ensures the unity both of the procedural and substantive aspects of training.Results. The evolution of views on the electronic textbook in the course of the expansion and awareness of the didactic potential of information and communication technologies is shown. The structure of the electronic textbook is presented in the paper. It includes the following modules: information (invariant content of education and the expansion of its variability); organizational and procedural (variable-based assignments aimed at acquiring information, as well as a means of reflection and evaluation of results); personal (information and telecommunication means of organizing own knowledge); communicative (the field of information and assessment of interaction); and pedagogical (monitoring cognitive activity of students). The structure has been developed with due regard to the need of independent work of a student with the content of education in information and educational environment.Scientific novelty. The features of the independent work of the student in terms of abundance of information through information and communication technologies are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the development of independent cognitive activity of students, their subject position in education. On this bases, the key position that should be considered during the development of the electronic textbook are specified: cognitive activity is considered as an active process of constructing students’ new knowledge based on earlier formed personal experience; personal experience arises as a result of intellectual and cognitive activity of the student; cognition of something new requires an activity in the field of social communication; the efficiency of absorption of the content of education depends on the conditions of implementation of each student’s value preferences, intellectual capabilities and features.Practical significance. The paper is provided with generalisation of existing visions of electronic textbooks. The research material can be useful both to implementers of such educational means, and the teachers mastering new forms of work with schoolchildren

The paper considers the need for reinterpretation of the content and functions of methodological training of teacher-musicians in the higher school; the above problem being raised as the result of the massive penetration of information technologies, intensification of knowledge updates, rejection of narrow specializations, and propagation of the postmodern culture. The author focuses on modernization of methodology training of teachermusicians with the emphasis on general features of the modern musical environment affecting students’ personality. The proper methodology training of the future teacher-musicians, based on the culture-adequate knowledge and accompanied by the actual project activity forms, is capable to counteract the influence of the second-rate common musical tastes and negative world perception. In conclusion, the author highlights the need for intensification of the ontological and personal worldview orientation of methodology training and further development of professional tools. The paper is addressed to the higher school teachers and students, music school teachers, and additional education teachers.

The paper is devoted to the problem of professional selfdetermination, which involves selection of and enrolment in a particular educational institution, as well as preparation for a job placement after graduation in the fast changing labor market. Additionally, the authors point out the related complications, caused by deformations in the professional orientation system, and leading to a professional self-identification crisis. The aim of the research is to demonstrate that fostering the competitive university graduates -the priority task of the modern higher school - requires psycho-pedagogical facilitation, and flexible alternative application of available resources of time, content, organization, and technology. However, the necessity to follow the Federal State Educational Standards and other regulatory procedures slows down the higher school’s response to changing realities, and hinders the prompt development of mobile and adaptive educational programs. As an effective tool for solving the problem of professional selfidentification, the author recommends the variational programs of additional education, regarded as an option to the major specialization. The paper discusses the “SchoolofProfessional Success” project, approbated inBashkirskyStatePedagogicalUniversity, based on the competence and person-oriented approaches, and analytical monitoring of students’ requirements for additional skills and knowledge. The above experience can be further extrapolated to different fields of training.

The paper investigates the urgent issue of education outcomes estimation in the higher school, and reveals the current approaches to solving the problem of level estimation regarding the particular competences and their components – the elements of disciplinary competences. The level model of the competence components formation and acquisition is recommended along with the computation method for weight estimation of disciplinary components by means of integral differential criteria of education outcomes assessment. The examples of and practical recommendations for the above method application are given. In authors’ opinion, implementation of the given model combined with available instrumental and methodological means can raise the quality of education based on the competence approach. The paper is addressed to university teachers, methodologists and education quality experts in vocational universities.

The paper is devoted to the scientific and educational cooperation of Russia and China. Over the last two decades it has developed dramatically due to the constant support of the countries’ leaders and resulted in a large number of agreements in scientific, technical, educational and cultural spheres. The partnership involves the joint research programs, training programs, scientific and educational activities, mutual support of academic mobility of teachers and students, international conferences, workshops, contests of innovative projects and students’ festivals. The research methodology combines general scientific methods of logical cognition, analysis and synthesis, and statistic methods of selection, combination, comparison and generalization. The paper demonstrates the dynamics of Chinese students graduated in Russia from 1950 to 2013 and Russian students graduated in China in the last thirteen years, as well as the related prognoses for 2020. The partnership between Russia and China in educational sphere has a strategic importance for economic stability and steady development of both countries in the nearest and distant future, given the globalization processes, complicated international situation, etc. However, there still remains a considerable potential for the reciprocal friendly cooperation in educational and cultural spheres. The author emphasizes a need for further exploration and development of the intellectual exchange mechanisms and effectiveness of the process.

The paper discusses one of the urgent social problems - the discrepancy between the vocational education and labor market demands. Nowadays, apart from the necessary knowledge and skills, the college leavers should be able to meet the challenges of life – i.e. update the acquired information, establish necessary contacts, deal with multilevel nonstandard problems. For solving the above problem, the authors recommend a dual educational system, integrating the theoretical and practical courses and based on the training facilities of educational institutions and industrial enterprises. The given model is regarded as the most effective one for developing students’ potential and guaranteeing their adaptation to the work place. Due to the close interaction between the educational institutions and employers, the dual system can provide a successful psychological and professional integration of future specialists. In conclusion, the paper discusses the experience of Pervouralsk Metallurgical College implementing the duel system aimed at vocational training of qualified and competitive specialists.

Nowadays there is a growing demand for qualified engineers, researchers and developers with the information technology competence, and ability in self-development, self-perfection and self-knowledge; and the variative higher education is needed for training such specialists. The paper describes the experience of Izhevsk State Technical University providing the opportunity for individual selection of educational curricula and independent Engineering Graphics training aimed at developing spatial imagination, capability of finding the constructive engineering solutions and analysis and synthesis of spatial forms. The possible individual educational directions are given including the professional, informational and research ones. The paper demonstrates the basic and variant module elements of the Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics discipline, the competence formation levels of Engineering Graphics (basic, reconstructive and creative) being outlined along with the relating estimation methods. The authors recommend the group expert estimation method for selecting individual educational curricula, competence oriented assessment means, and providing the high quality diagnostics.

The paper discusses the controversial theoretical and practical aspects of vocational pedagogical education, its target orientation and distinction from the general pedagogical education. The authors propose the heuristic model of professional educational environment as the methodology basis for fostering the vocational teacher training; the model involves the synergy principle and includes the three coordinate vectors: human subjects of the above environment, continuing vocational education, and professional world. The paper provides the comparative paradigm analysis of traditional and innovative advanced education, and traces the logic of innovative achievements and their implementation in educational practice. The author regards the interdisciplinary education as the main factor improving the effectiveness of innovative education, and suggests the project method as a means for integrating the disciplines and developing the interdisciplinary competence. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the need for updating the vocational pedagogical education by consolidated efforts of scientists and practicing teachers.

The paper looks at the institutional and functional features of the artisan activities, and vocational training of future artisans- entrepreneurs; the specificity of career guidance in related training profiles is discussed. In the course of successful socio-economic development, the given specialists can form a considerable part of the Russian middle class strata. However, there exist the two opposite trends: on the one hand, the specialists realize the modern day requirements for vocational training and enrollee selection, while, on the other hand, the majority of the society regards the artisan occupations as common and primitive. This controversy signals the urgent need for vocational guidance addressed to the school leavers. The authors suggest using acmeology – the studies of the highest professional achievements – along with psychological facilitation and visual grounds for career guidance development. The paper is recommended to the secondary school teachers, vocational training teachers and sociologists analyzing and predicting the labor market demands.

The paper investigates the potential of the intelligent data processing tools presently implemented by economists, marketers and business analytics for solving the economic problems of synthesis and prognostication of financial processes based on quantitative and qualitative indicators. The adaptation of the above methods for pedagogical data processing and implementation in educational process can improve the education management quality and control. The paper presents the theoretical and practical aspects of the intelligent data analysis in pedagogy, the relevance of the problem being substantiated. The author looks at the origination and formation of the intelligent data analysis and gives the estimation examples of qualitative characteristics of teaching process, as well as the students’ personal characteristics based on the Data mining resources. The author recommends the ways for developing the patterns underlying the Data mining methods. The given approach in combination with the modern software tools can provide the data processing related to education management, i.e. pedagogical monitoring, identification of aspects affecting educational outcomes, early correction of educational department activities, etc. В работе рассмотрены возможности существующих средств интеллектуальной обработки данных, которые в настоящее время активно используются экономистами, маркетологами и бизнес-аналитиками и позволяют на основе анализа количественных и качественных экономических показателей решать вопросы синтеза и прогнозирования финансово-экономических процессов. Адаптация данных методов дляобработки педагогической информации и широкое их внедрение в образовательный процесс могут резко повысить качество управления обучением и контроль над ним. В статье обсуждаются теоретические и практические аспекты применения интеллектуального анализа данных в педагогике, обоснована актуальность данной темы. Проанализированы этапы возникновения и становления направления интеллектуального анализа данных. Продемонстрированы примеры оценивания качественных характеристик учения и личностных характеристик студентов с помощью средств Data Mining.Автором предложены подходы к составлению шаблонов, лежащих в основе методов Data Mining, которые в совокупности с применением современных программных средств дают возможность производить обработку материалов педагогического мониторинга, выявлять факторы, оказывающие влияние на результат обучения, своевременно корректировать дальнейшую работу учебного заведения, т. е. осуществлять педагогическое управление.

The paper deals with the theory and practice of social audit of the municipal system of general education. The authors have developed a conceptual model of social audit to accurately identify both the short- and long-term development prospects of the given system. The paper describes the social audit procedures in Berezovsky municipal district of Sverdlovsk region including four stages: the content analysis of municipal documents concerning the development strategy of the general education system, diagnosis of the current conditions and problems, effectiveness evaluation of the municipal system of general education, and practical recommendations for improving the education quality. The above mentioned audit demonstrates that the indices of education development are unsystematically tracked, obstructing therefore the adjustment process. To solve the given problems the following measures are recommended: personnel policy development, creating the regional managerial reserve and organizing management workshops, informing the teachers about the modern educational tools, and updating the municipal program of the «Educational System Development of Berezovsky Municipal District for 20011–20015». However, the above suggestions target only the current problems disregarding the challenges of tomorrow which require the advancing strategy. In authors’ opinion, the main emphasis should be re-placed on the quality improvement of the municipal educational services instead of the infrastructure reinforcement.

The paper reveals the research findings concerning a complicated process of academic staff formation in the secondary school. The main determinants of the process include the discrepancy between the actual development level of academic staff and the existing requirements of pedagogic society. The author denotes the main motives for academic staff development: moral and financial incentives for professional growth, new educational tasks, unsatisfactory social status of educational institution, etc; and identifies the complex of objective and subjective conditions positively affecting the given process. According to the author, the main priority should be given to the methodological provision of academic staff, integration of their activity, and stimulation of informational, methodical, and organizational channels of school activity. In conclusion, the paper considers the principles of life-long teacher training, corporate cooperation, partnership and solidarity, and discusses the technological structure of academic staff development, based on the competence model of education.

The paper raises the issue of school teachers’ resistance to innovations related to modernization procedures, updates of educational content, methods and forms. The rejection of innovations is regarded by the authors as a psychological and pedagogical phenomenon; its roots and causes being analyzed including the consequences of some ineffective, poorly developed and even harmful innovations introduced or proposed by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science. The research findings demonstrate different innovation barriers along with the resulting inner skepticism and its external manifestation. However, in spite of partially justified skepticism, the authors maintain that the firm resistance to any innovation adversely affects both the education quality and teachers’ personal and professional characteristics. In conclusion, the paper suggests some preventive measures for overcoming teachers’ resistance to positive innovations in educational practices, and describes a successful experience of one of the rural schools applying a psychological mechanism of internalization of innovations. Additionally, the role of the school principal in developing teachers’ motivation for innovations is emphasized.

The paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of international developments in establishing the qualifications systems; the related experience of the European Union countries are examined along with the main trends of the European discourse. The author demonstrates the mechanisms, guaranteeing the international comparability and compatibility of qualifications, and credits accumulation and transfer in vocational and higher education. The special emphasis is placed on developing principles of the national qualifications framework regarded as a basis of qualifications systems, the importance of the state participation and regulation of the na- tional qualifications systems development, maintenance and coordination is pointed out. The paper describes different models of the end-users participation in the national qualifications system formation, including the general public, employers, education administrations and employment bodies.

The paper deals with the current problem of modern education – developing the many-sided background for preschool children’s learning activities. At the given stage it is necessary to develop the algorithmic skills – the capability of and readiness for solving different kinds of problems in the strict sequence of operations according to the given patterns. Such algorithmic skills have a meta-disciplinary character and can be developed in class and at home. The paper highlights the algorithmic skills components (personal, regulatory, cognitive and communicative) and the key indicators of their formation. The method for developing the algorithmic skills of preschool children is given including the three age related stages: ability to perform the linear algorithms (middle group), working with the branched cyclic algorithms (senior group), mastering the acquired skills and ability to perform some self- dependent tasks (preparatory group). The paper is addressed to the specialists working in the preschool educational sphere: preschool teachers, methodists, psychologists, directors of kindergartens.

The paper explores the cultural competence development in compliance with the new educational standards and regarding the pedagogic students. The above competence formation requires the complex approach and combination of both curricular and extracurricular educational forms. The research is aimed at demonstrating the opportunities of the museum teaching in the higher pedagogic schools as the effective means for developing the competence in question. The paper denotes the concepts of cultural educational activities and regional cultural educational environment, defines the components of the cultural educational competence, and describes the authors’ teaching experience in the above competence formation related to the museum activity. The author carried out the experiment at Lesosibirsky Pedagogical Institute - the affiliate of Siberian Federal University; in the course of the History of Pedagogy and Education the students collected, explored and prepared the information for the Museum of the History of Education Development in Russia. The method of phased planning was applied to preparation of the museum exhibition, including the organizational, research, expositional and expert stages; the traditional pedagogic research methods of observation, questionnaires, analysis, etc. were applied in the course of the experiment. The research materials can be used by the teachers of the History of Pedagogy, heads of educational institutions and museum organizers.

The paper is devoted to the technology of qualimetric competence formation of undergraduate pedagogic students training for the bachelor degree. The author regards the qualimetric competence as the complex of expertise, skills, and abilities necessary for successful professional activities, related to student assessment and training quality control. The structure of the above competence includes the following set of components: organizational, managerial, control and evaluation, informational, analytical and personal. The paper provides the characteristics of the “Educational Quality Control” course designed for the bachelor students specializing in Technological Education. The opportunities for using the case technology both in classroom and as the self study work are described along with the options of cases and the criteria for their evaluation. According to the author, it is advisable to use the group peer review method as the key one in quality measurement. The implementation results of the above course demonstrate the positive dynamics in qualimetric competence formation of the future bachelors in Technological Education.

The paper explores the theoretical and practical aspects of interactive mode of teaching students by using active educational methods improving the quality of educational process and increasing students’ motivation for comprehensive and in-depth learning. The list of interactive teaching techniques is given providing the development of necessary professional abilities and skills, and fostering students’ responsibility for training results, critical thinking, reflexive skills, self-dependency in solving educational problems, training mobility, etc. The detailed descriptions of effective, yet comparatively new in subject-based teaching, methods of case studies and cross-cultural communication are provided, the opportunities for their implementation indicated. The paper emphasizes such aspects of educational process as self-assessment and peer-assessment of students’ achievements. The authors suggest the original approach to educational results evaluation in interactive educational environment, shifting the emphasis from students’ lack of knowledge and skills onto their abilities and achievements. The exact criteria of current control help optimize students’ extracurricular self-dependent work, providing teaches with the feasible leverages for controlling this important activity significantly enlarged in proportion in modern education. As the final control, the authors have chosen defending the thematic portfolio in electronic form, which allows integrating qualitative and behavioral assessment of the assimilated training course. The present research was carried out in the context of the competence paradigm of education. The paper contains the research findings in the field of comparative pedagogy and demonstrates the experience of implementing the interactive teaching mode exemplified by «Sustainability and the Environment» virtual course for bachelors and master’s degree holders training in the humanities and natural sciences profiles.

The paper reveals the inefficiency problem of preventive measures controlling students’ intolerant and extremist behavior in higher educational institutions. According to the author, such trends in students’ society, as well as the rising phenomenon of nationalistic religious identity inevitably leading to interpersonal tensions, are caused in the last decades by the degrading prestige of higher education, growing pragmatism and formality of its achievement and key value depreciation in higher educational institutions. To improve the existing situation, it is necessary to revive the main functions of higher educational establishments –the intellectual and professional elite formation, cherishing the humanity values, social responsibility and active civil position; on the other hand, it is vitally important to create the system of prevention and correction of such trends as intolerance and extremism. However, the above goals are aggravated by the number of other problems listed in the paper. The method of developing the system of complex prevention of the mentioned negative phenomena is proposed with the reference to higher educational institutions; the specific stages of the given method, the technologies and organizational forms being outlined; the practical application and outcome in Tyumen State University being discussed. The research findings can be interesting for people responsible for preventive measures in higher educational instinutionms.

The paper reviews the literature related to the investigations of neck pain (cervicalgia) in patients with headache (cephalalgia). Neck pain is second to lower back pain as a reason for considerable socioeconomic damage to society. The prevalence of cervicalgia in the population ranges from 5.9 to 38%; the annual incidence is 10.4–21.3%; 14.2 to 71% of people report to have neck pain at some time in their lifetime. Neck pain is concurrent with cephalalgia in 70% of cases. In patients with cervicalgia, the prevalence of headache is 20–40% higher than in those with musculoskeletal pain at another site. Neck pain is as a major risk factor for migraine and tension headache (TH). Neck pain in TH progresses with the increased intensity, frequency, and strength of headache. There is a direct relationship of the quality of life worsening associated with cervicalgia to the frequency of migraine attacks and the risk of its chronization. Neck pain is noted in cervicogenic headache belonging to secondary headaches. The identification of mixed headache in a patient with cervicalgia allows the prescription of a treatment option that may be effective in relieving both headache and neck pain. The paper discusses the causes and pathogenesis of cervicalgia in patients with headache, examination methods, and main approaches to drug and nondrug therapies in relation to the leading pathophysiological mechanism, as well as new possibilities for the effective and safe relief of pain syndrome in this category of patients. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, myorelaxants, and their combination are observed to be effective in treating patients with cervicalgia and cephalalgia.

The paper investigates the qualitative and quantitative research methods, their application fields, advantages and limitations. The author argues that, in spite of the high capabilities of modern mathematical apparatus and information technologies, the qualitative research methods still retain their priority in pedagogy. The examples of comparative experimental analysis are given demonstrating the lack of universality typical of the quantitative methods. Both methods are generally applied as the separate procedures; however, there are some modern research methods integrating the above ap proaches. The paper demonstrates such integration by means of the Seman- tic Differential Method implemented in the students’ creativity studies in the Grammar school of Tyumen State University. The research materials can be of interest to specialists in education and pedagogy exploring the students’ creative abilities.

Using computers in the preschool children teaching is a comparatively new and actively discussed idea in pedagogic society. The research is aimed at substantiating the necessity and effectiveness of integrating the information technologies into the physical education classes of the senior preschool children, in particular, for the health preserving training. The author describes the methods developing the health preserving attitude and skills. One of them - the biological feedback method, based on using the “Breathing” computer simulator, - is regarded as the perspective one. The paper contains the theoretical and practical materials on the problem of information technologies application in preschool educational establishments; the obvious pedagogic, methodological and economic advantages are given in comparison with the traditional educational forms. The paper is targeting the teachers and students of pedagogic higher schools and physical training institutes, scientists, methodologists, and information technologies experts in educational sphere.