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The paper deals with the problems of banknote production of the Imperial Russian State Papers Manufactory (hereinafter — Manufactory) during the First World War. The purpose of the work is to provide information about the project of cooperation between Manufactory and the Partnership of Typography «A. A. Levenson» that arose in wartime circumstances. The relevance of the work is seen from the fact that the issues not reflected in historiography. The study will provide more complete and clear picture of the Russian banknote production during the First World War; the solutions to the crisis of the industry and the role of prominent printer S. S. Ermolaev in this process. Unpublished sources from the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg (hereinafter — CSHA St. P) served as the basis for preparing the work

In the optics of attention was the story of the Japanese writer Komatsu Sake "Paper or hair", written in 1963. According to the content, the loss of paper changed the usual way of life of people, becoming a source of existential fears. As we believe, the artistic narrative anticipates the events of our time associated with the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19. An artistic description of the situation by a Japanese writer, a phenomenological immersion in reality and theoretical reflections by M. Heidegger's work on the existential of fear helped to reconstruct the psychological States of people in the context of a pandemic and to identify the structure of fear. In modern life, fear manifests itself in three aspects: before-than fear, fearfulness and about-than fear. As a result of the all-embracing nature of fear, the fearogenicity of being is born, which violates the stability of the individual's existence, its being in, dwelling in, and mastering with. The above leads to the individual's awareness of the direction of life towards death, which forces him to adapt to new conditions. As a support of the personality in its opposition to fear, we can call hope and effective manifestations that perform the role of care.

For the majority of Russian companies in recent years to become a reality the implementation of mixed paper and electronic document management with the constant increase in its electronic component and the emergence of new organizational and technological forms. The idea of mixed electronic and paper document is the basis of the conceptual approach of gradual expansion of the use of electronic documents. This fact is particularly important in view of what is now different organizations are at various stages of implementation and use of electronic document technologies. Furthermore, the use in the foreseeable future a mixed electronic and paper document allows to take into account the advantages and disadvantages of paper and electronic media.

The article analyses the global trends and prospects of development of pulp and paper industry. It assesses the directions of application of biotechnology in forestry and pulp and paper industry. The paper presents forecasts of growth and market development of products created using biotechnology. It identifies goals and objectives for the development of biotechnology pulp and paper industry in Russia.

Methodological aspects of qualifying academic papers preparation concerning defenitions of its theme, goals, objectives, subject and object of study are analyzed with business risk serves as example. It is shown than the research should be based on the principles of modern but not postmodern methodology.

For the majority of Russian companies in recent years to become a reality the implementation of mixed paper and electronic document management with the constant increase in its electronic component and the emergence of new organizational and technological forms. The idea of mixed electronic and paper document is the basis of the conceptual approach of gradual expansion of the use of electronic documents. This fact is particularly important in view of what is now different organizations are at various stages of implementation and use of electronic document technologies. Furthermore, the use in the foreseeable future a mixed electronic and paper document allows to take into account the advantages and disadvantages of paper and electronic media.

The article analyses the global trends and prospects of development of pulp and paper industry. It assesses the directions of application of biotechnology in forestry and pulp and paper industry. The paper presents forecasts of growth and market development of products created using biotechnology. It identifies goals and objectives for the development of biotechnology pulp and paper industry in Russia.

This paper discusses the latest data on the production of selected paper and paperboard, plastic, glass, wood and metal packaging. During the study period 2016-2020/2021, there was an increase in the production of selected paper and paperboard packaging compared to 2016. There has been an increase in the production of paper sacks and bags, cartons made of paper or paperboard other than corrugated and cartons made of paper or paperboard. Among plastic packaging, the production of plastic bags and sacks played a significant role and has been growing steadily since 2016. The production of glass packaging (clear glass bottles with a capacity of less than 2.5 liters for beverages and food) increased between 2016 and 2021. Flat pallets were the dominant product among wood packaging in 2020. The decline in box pallet production was significant not only relative to 2019, but also relative to 2016. In the group of metal packaging with a capacity not exceeding 300 liters, the highest production was recorded for barrels and similar containers for any material (excluding gas), made of aluminium. It reached 93228 tonnes in 2020 and was 2.4% higher than in 2019. The packaging market in Poland and worldwide has been gradually increasing its value over the past years. The production of packaging in Poland in the coming years should grow dynamically, although not as fast as before. Undoubtedly, today the biggest challenge for the packaging industry is the rising prices of raw materials, which can negatively affect the profitability and liquidity situation of manufacturers. In particular, the prices of plastics have gone up considerably, but the costs of pulp, metals, wood and glass are also increasing, so the raw material pressure is now affecting the entire packaging industry

The electronic document management system is one of the most popular products for implementation at various enterprises in various industries, ranging from heavy industry to state organizations and federal authorities. Document flow in many companies is carried out on paper, and this, in turn, causes great difficulties in processing, storing and executing documents. Paper archives occupy hundreds of square meters of storage space, and if necessary, it is very difficult to find the right document among a large amount of waste paper. In this regard, many companies begin to review their activities and move away from paper document management to electronic

The reform of the system of waste management of production and consumption has been implemented for the third decade, but so far it has not been completed and requires further adjustment of all systems of state and municipal administration in order to achieve the stated goals. The article examines the historical roots of the system of waste management of production and consumption and its efficiency. The paper analyses the reasons for the insufficient functioning in Russia of the system of waste management of production and consumption. Improving efficiency requires the development of new approaches to the development of integrated measures and systemic solutions that include the full range of incentives, both material and moral.

The paper analyzes monograph «The Money of the Revolution and the Civil War: 1917–1920», prepared by the head of the Department of Modern History of Russia at St. Petersburg State University, Doctor of History, Professor M. V. Khodyakov. The book is released in 2019 by the St. Petersburg State University Publishing House (St. Petersburg). It analyzed features of the author’s approach in covering financial history at a turning point in the functioning of Russian statehood during the Revolution and the Civil War. An attempt is made to analyze the most significant regularities of the interrelated development of the state-political and financialeconomic spheres. The scientific, methodological novelty of the monograph is noted, as well as certain aspects that are promising for further study of the problem covered in the reprinted work

Forest resources and their processing are one of the main components of the economic base of the regions of the European North of Russia. At the same time, the mere fact of the presence of rich wood reserves does not at all indicate their effective use. In this regard, the assessment of the existing production potential of the timber industry complex of these constituent entities of the Russian Federation is of particular relevance and importance. The article discusses the approaches of modern researchers to the assessment of both the forest raw materials and the economic and production potential. The author’s technique is proposed, based on the use of reference values and calculations of the integral indicator of the production potential of the timber industry complex. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the production potential of the timber industry of the regions of the European North of Russia is not fully used – only 62%. In terms of regions, the leader is the Komi Republic, and the outsider is the Murmansk region. The largest reserves are available in the use of forest and market potential. The low level of use of the first is explained by low rates of development of the estimated cutting area, as well as insufficient volumes of reforestation. Low indicators of assessing market potential are due to the fact that low value-added products still dominate in the structure of production of the timber industry complex.

The aim of the article is to develop a method for management decisionmaking, ensuring the sustainable development of enterprise structures in the conditions of crisis. To this end, the author makes a comparative analysis of modern methods of justification, adoption and implementation of administrative decisions in enterprise structures, focused on sustainable development in the conditions of crisis. The results of this analysis show that all of these methods involve quantifying the scale of different criteria, which do not reflect causal logic of the preferences of some other criteria. The results of the ranking cannot be distinguished from a number of other similar ratings (with slight differences in the weights), therefore, the expected nature of the uniqueness of the decision-making model is not provided. To solve the problems indicated in this paper, we propose an alternative approach to the aggregation of conflicting preferences of managerial decisions: to come up with a quality solution to resolve conflicts between the preferences of solutions through a variety of criteria, and to aggregate them to the final decision. The author develops unified method of decision-making. The fact that the method provides information to clarify the criteria values and the reasons for their relative importance to the decision makes it particularly attractive in times of crisis, as it creates an opportunity for the delegation of authority and the use of standard solutions. It allows to reflect the logic and the causal relationships of ranking criteria, as well as to simplify the process of management decision-making, eliminating it from a difficult procedure for placing the weighting factors. The method is recommended for the use in making decisions with a small number of options and criteria. It can also be used as a test has taken management decisions, taking into account only the most significant criteria.

Enterprises develop and interact with the global environment. Their activities are influenced by various factors, and timely identification of the degree of their influence allows forecasting business development and reasonably choosing development strategies. The work is based on the hypothesis that in the global environment, under the influence of internal and external factors, tools can be developed for enterprise assessment and business strategy formation. The puprose of the paper is to develop a toolkit for evaluating an enterprise in a global environment for choosing a development strategy. In the article, the authors conduct a study of the influence of factors of the global environment on the development of the enterprise, propose a model with the help of which it is expedient to forecast the metastate of the enterprise and put forward proposals for choosing an effective development strategy. A structural and logical model for ensuring the stable development of business systems has been proposed. In the process of research, the authors developed a system of indicators that form an integral index that characterizes the effectiveness of the development of business systems. The basis of the integral indicator of the metastate of the development of business systems is a set of indicators for assessing the development and changes in the state of business systems in a dynamic global environment. The economic and mathematical model of estimating the metastate of business systems is considered as a reflection and formalization of the main, essential parameters of business systems development (production, technological and property, personnel, social, financial, material and supply, marketing, foreign trade. The integral metastate index of business systems systematically reflects the effectiveness of the Kharkiv machine-building business systems and allows determining strategies for their development. The selected machine-building enterprises have been grouped by the following types of development strategies: a rapid growth strategy aimed at ensuring the development of enterprises, offensive positions; a strategy of moderate growth and stabilization, characterized by stable parameters of business systems development, adequacy of resources for development, aimed at saving resources and costs, market expansion and development, product upgrades, innovative development; a strategy of curtailment, reduction, which is characterized by negative development trends due to lower profits, reduced assets, reorientation of consumers to other products or markets. As a result of the research, a methodological approach to the assessment of trends in the development of business systems has been developed, which will allow obtaining additional advantages in the global environment. Determination of benefits becomes a basic characteristic for monitoring information provision regarding the organization of enterprise activities in a global environment. The paper makes a contribution to the research of the methodology for assessing the development of enterprises that can be applied to other enterprises, not only to the Kharkiv area. In the event of a change in the influence of global environmental factors, the degree of influence should be specified. The work offers an opportunity to develop further research from the point of view of strategic management, the concept of six sigma, and production optimization.

The paper presents a defense of the standard psychological theory of personal identity against Mark Walker’s criticism of it. Walker claims that the conceptual tools of standard psychological theory of personal identity are insufficient to solve the problematic cases of branching in the context of moral and legal responsibility questions, and argues in favor of an approach to these problems that involves the type/token distinction. In the current paper I argue against Walker that the approach he suggests is untenable, and that the conceptual tools of standard psychological theory are sufficient to provide an adequate analysis of the cases mentioned.

Since entering the era of bioeconomy, the biotechnology industry economy represented by the bio pharmaceutical industry is leading a new wave of technological revolution. China’s strategic deployment for the bio pharmaceutical industry economy has achieved remarkable results, but there is still a large competitive gap compared with the United States and other biomedical powers. The goal of this article is to study the American biomedical market and find out the gap, so as to provide inspiration for the development of the biomedical industry in China and other countries. The Porter Diamond Model is used to build the theoretical research method analysis framework of the international competitiveness of the bio pharmaceutical industry. Taking the United States as an example, the paper analyzes its competitive advantages in six aspects: the elements of the biomedical industry, the enterprise structure and competition, the demand conditions, the relevant and supporting industries, the government and development opportunities. Based on this, the paper puts forward policy recommendations conclusions for China’s development of the bio pharmaceutical industry, so as to provide reference value for the development of the pharmaceutical industry.

Introduction. The article analyzes the interpretations of the concept “megaproject” and proposes the author’s definition of the concept presupposing explicit and implicit beneficiaries and ensuring high-tech products with a high potential for market sales. Purpose. Based on the results of the regression analysis, the paper draws conclusions and describes the behavior strategies of the explicit and implicit beneficiaries in the megaproject when its results are being registered and after it. Materials and Methods. Theoretically and methodologically, the paper refers to the works of scientists examining megaprojects. The regression analysis for thirty constituent entities of the Russian Federation made it possible to determine that the indicators of their budget revenues illustrate that cash flows determined by the investment return from the investments in fixed capital go through the budget system with a minimal tax burden. Results. It has been found that in the analyzed period, the return on investment in fixed assets was determined by the investors’ speculative motives when using financial market instruments under personal guarantees of the heads of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the applied financial market instruments gave the minimum inflow of taxes into the budget system of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. In its model, Russia is closer to the continental civilizational type; the balance in the socio-economic relations determined by megaprojects with their maximum contribution to GDP could be achieved when national self-identification is distinctly shaped; national self-identification could only be developed with due regard to the quantitative and structural composition of population.

The paper investigates the nuances surrounding the cultivation of creative entrepreneurship within the realm of classical music, employing rigorous qualitative research methods. Through in-depth interviews, ten pivotal criteria have been discerned, wielding substantial influence over the entrepreneurial landscape within the creative sector. To glean a comprehensive understanding, twenty-two expert respondents were categorized into age brackets, facilitating a nuanced comparison of their perspectives across each criterion. The utilization of expert assessment techniques, specifically ranking the weight and significance of each criterion, further refines the analysis and contributes to a nuanced portrayal of entrepreneurial development in the creative domain. Furthermore, the research contextualizes these findings within the broader socio-economic and cultural dynamics shaping the creative sector. By examining the intersection of market demand, and entrepreneurial acumen, the study elucidates the strategic imperatives driving success in classical music entrepreneurship. Moreover, the paper explores the implications of digitalization and globalization on entrepreneurial practices within the creative domain. With the advent of new technologies and evolving consumer preferences, entrepreneurs must navigate an increasingly interconnected and competitive landscape. This necessitates a reevaluation of traditional business models and a proactive approach to harnessing emerging opportunities in the digital age. Overall, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the strategic criteria underpinning entrepreneurial progression in the creative sector, offering valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and scholars alike.

Scientific economic discourse holds a certain pool of theories and concepts, which are now considered generally accepted. They rely on a developed evidence base, have passed through several stages, and have mature schools of thought. Yet as we can see from the history of economic thought, during their genesis these theories were not always connoted and contextualized unambiguously. Perhaps at present we are witnessing the formation of a new scientific theory – noonomics. The paper aims to study its essence, basic characteristics and postulates and to prove that it belongs to the modern stage in the development of the theories of economic dynamics and stadiality in economic processes. These theories constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods include systematisation and generalisation used to reveal the key propositions of the theories of economic cycles and dynamics; logical structural analysis and causal analysis to track the evolution of the foundations underlying the theories of technological development; the method of particularising to describe the essence of noonomics. The paper identifies the relevant characteristics of the theories of economic dynamics and stadiality of economic processes and examines noonomics in the context of the said theories. The research confirms the scientific foundations of this concept. The results contribute to the understanding of a transition to the next stage in the economy and society’s technological development by extending the boundaries of the theories of economic dynamics.

The issues of Sino-Russian cooperation in science and technology are the subject of the studies by both Russian and Chinese economists. However, there are still few works that systematise the main science and technology indicators (MSTI) of both countries and the impact of sanctions on the science and technology development. Filling this research gap is the goal of the present contribution. Methodologically, the paper is based on macroeconomic analysis. The methods include retrospective and comparative analysis, grouping, as well as SWOT analysis. The data were sourced from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the World Bank, and the National Bureau of Statistics of China. The paper identifies success factors behind China and Russia’s science and technology development and reveals that the common factor for both countries is high quality of human capital. The MSTI analysis of each country for the period of 2010–2021, such as the share of R&D expenditure in GDP, the ratio of patents issued on inventions to country’s workingage population, the share of high-tech exports and imports in GDP, international publication activity, etc. demonstrates national differences in their scale. The SWOT analysis of the Sino-Russian cooperation in science and technology shows that the main threat to the cooperation is the sanctions pressure. The authors conclude that such cooperation does not promote Russia’s science and technology development; moreover, it may itself put the country in jeopardy as it could turn into a resource appendage of the PRC. The findings can be useful in the development of road maps and strategies for the implementation of cooperation in science and technology between China and Russia.

Modern conditions brought forth digital investment platforms, which have offered new possibilities of raising capital by entrepreneurs. The paper aims to rank these platforms to meet the information and analytical needs of agents in investment decision-making. Methodologically, the paper relies on the ecosystem approach, as well as propositions of digital, collaborative and platform economics. The paper applies the methods of grade rating, coefficient and correlation analysis. The evidence comes from public reports on investment activities of 68 crowdfunding platform operators and other information available on their websites. To rank the platforms, the study considers the factors related to investment activity (competitiveness, market activity, scaling up, etc.) and risks (financial insolvency, credit and litigation risks, etc.) and then designs a method for a rating-based assessment of investment activity and risks. The paper provides a multivariate assessment of investment activity and risks including systemic ones and specific for certain types of crowdfunding. The study presents the ranking of 68 crowdfunding platforms, identifies types of platforms according to the criteria “investment activity – risks”, as well as the criteria of security of investment (Co-Fi, Peers.money, Potok.Digital, InveStore, InvestGO) and association with a high risk. The method can be useful for investors and borrowers to justify their financial decisions; for the Bank of Russia to perform control and supervision procedures; and for professional community to outline directions for the development and promotion of the crowdfunding in Russia.

Turbulent socioeconomic environment significantly affects the state and dynamics of the regional labour market. The paper develops and tests a methodological toolkit for assessing the state of a regional labour market allowing for the main socioeconomic trends – digitalisation and innovative development of the economy. Labour economics constitutes the methodological basis of the research. Methods of economic statistical and content analysis were used. The evidence is the 2021 data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation concerning the labour markets of the Central Black Earth economic region of Russia, which comprises Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk and Tambov oblasts. The suggested method for investigating the state of the regional labour market takes into account the impact of digitalisation and innovative development processes on the latter. Testing the method at the case of the Central Black Earth economic region revealed that the regions’ labour markets appreciably lag behind other subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of wages and encounter labour shortages against rather low rates of digital transformation and innovative development in their economies. The paper formulates recommendations for all parties of the social partnership, which suggest boosting the investment attractiveness of regions; creating high-productive jobs; spurring the activities of trade unions and associations; retaining the youth in the regions; increasing the efficiency of career guidance; attracting labour migrants, first and foremost, from other Russian regions due to improvements in economic, social and household infrastructure; promoting competencies of citizens of pre-retirement age and retired citizens; creating conditions for acceleration of digital transformation as well as expanding regions’ innovation activities.

Production digitalisation is a significant factor in the development of mechanical engineering that triggers countries and regions’ economic growth. Implementing digital integration at industrial enterprises implies that production operations are linked through a corporate information system. The paper aims to develop and test a method for assessing the economic effect from digital integration at mechanical engineering enterprises. Methodologically, the study rests on the theories of production organisation and integration as well as the main postulates of the concept of industrial digitalisation. The study applies methods of econometric modelling. The evidence base is the information about the activities of one of the Ural macroregion’s largest mechanical engineering enterprise – Production Association “Ural Optical and Mechanical Plant named after E. S. Yalamov” (UOMZ). The paper systemitises ideas about the essence of the economic effect from digital integration. The case of the enterprise is used to identify the level of specific costs in this process and to forecast their changes depending on different factors using econometric modelling. The value of the findings consists in broadening the scientific and practical understanding of the economic effects brought about by industrial digitalisation.

A recent paper found that during 1995–2012 the dispersion of income inequality between Russian regions was decreasing, i.e. convergence of regional inequalities took place. This result is of no use for analyzing the impact of socio-economic policy, as it may aim at reducing income inequality of the entire country’s population and regional populations, but in no way at equalizing inequalities between regions. Moreover, the found phenomenon itself can be either positive, if regional inequalities converge to low values, or negative, when they converge to high values. In order to clarify this issue, a more detailed study of the convergence process is needed. The aim of this study is to reveal the ‘anatomy’ of regional inequality convergence in 1995–2012, and the divergence that followed it in 2013–2022, i.e. the internal pattern of these processes. To this end, the paper explores the evolution of the regional Gini indices distribution, namely, that of main distribution statistics and the distribution itself (represented by a histogram). The results obtained suggest that convergence of regional income inequalities in Russia in 1995–2012 is almost exclusively due to ‘catching-up’ of low-inequality regions with high-inequality regions. Therefore, this process cannot be considered positive. Divergence of regional inequalities in 2013–2022, on the contrary, was accompanied by a decrease in income inequalities in the regions, improving the situation with spatial inequality in Russia

The Global Innovation Index 2022 ranks the Republic of Uzbekistan among the top three economies in Central and South Asia. The country has been active in introducing innovations in various fields, from road transport technologies to biotechnology. The relevant programmes and resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been adopted. The Republic of Uzbekistan is becoming an increasingly attractive destination for foreign investment. The country has a strong potential and abundant resources, both natural and human. By pursuing a consistent policy, the Republic of Uzbekistan is gradually beginning to assert itself on the world stage, and is striving to become a leader in Central Asia. Thus, the consideration of new projects carried out within the framework of innovation policy is relevant. The aim of the presented paper is to identify main innovation policy development trends in the Republic of Uzbekistan. To analyze the innovation policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the authors considered the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan coordinating the activities of the Ministry of Innovation Development, the New Uzbekistan Development Strategy for 2022-2026, as well as local and Russian experts’ assessments. The research literature, mass media sources, public opinion polls and statistical data, as well as the legal framework were studied. In this paper a diagnosis of the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan has been made, and the key tasks and directions of the country’s reforms in this area have been identified. The main projects, which attract significant investments and introduce new technologies and personnel, are described. The author’s position is as follows: the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan is struggling with the problems that hinder innovation reforms, as well as actively developing cooperation with foreign countries, international organizations and attracts the investments of private investors.

The paper considers the problem of price and financial stability of the Bank of Russia, as well as the issue of the influence of inflation and currency exchange rate volatility on economic growth rates. It has been proved that the growth in prices for services has a significant impact on the inflation dynamics. It is the dynamics of the consumer price index for services that generally determine inflation in the service sector. It has been substantiated that in the policy of the Bank of Russia it is expedient to use non-monetary instruments to reduce inflation, namely the development of competition and control over the pricing mechanism on the market. Effective measures that contribute to reducing the variation in prices for services and inflation are: raising competition in the economy and the growth of control over the activities of natural monopolies; measures aimed at developing competition in the housing and communal services market, control over the formation of tariffs in the light of the implementation of programs intended to increase the efficiency of natural monopoly subjects; implementation of the requirements for the growth of transparency and openness of the activities of natural monopolies, especially in terms of tariff calculation, as well as the growth of control over their activities; the participation of the Bank of Russia, together with the territorial offices of the Bank of Russia and the Offices of the Federal Antimonopoly Service in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in the process of monitoring and approving the tariffs of natural monopolies. Based on the results of the study, the authors of the paper developed proposals for non-monetary instruments as a measure to reduce inflation and improve the policy effectiveness of the Bank of Russia on inflation targeting.

In this paper, the authors consider models for building digital economy systems in foreign countries. The relevance of research is primarily due to the need to develop a clear and coherent understanding of the optimal scheme of digital construction in the economy of the Russian Federation, which at the initial stage is impossible without analyzing the experience already existing in the world. It is necessary to identify both stimulating and inhibiting factors that influence the effectiveness of the digital transformation of foreign economic systems. The purpose of the study is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the most successful global models of building a digital economy, followed by the development of an understanding of their applicability in Russia. Thus, in this paper, the authors offered their answer to the question: “Can the Russian Federation successfully apply the already proven strategy of digital transformation of the economy or is it necessary to develop unique own solutions?” To do this, the authors examined statistical data characterizing the economy of advanced states from the point of view of digital transformation, regulatory documents regulating state policy in this area, as well as the positions of researchers working in this direction. The use of the statistical analysis method made it possible to compare the factors of influence and the results of digital construction. Within the framework of a formal and logical approach based on the study of the provisions of strategic planning documents of foreign countries, the authors formulated some possible scenarios for the further development of the digital transformation of the economies of Europe, the United States and China. As a result of the conducted research, the authors concluded about the possibility of using certain digital construction tools used abroad, in Russia, and also assess the degree of effectiveness of the introduction of foreign models of digital transformation into the practice of the domestic economy.

The paper presents identification of the main directions and conceptual approaches of methodological support for corporate change management digitalization and improvement of organizations. Within the framework of the study, the prospects of applying the methodology of system-dynamic simulation modeling in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy and management are analyzed. The issues of mastering the areas of growth of the organization and carrying out economically justified transformations, implemented including through the investment management strategy, are investigated within the framework of system-dynamic modeling of economic systems proposed by J. Forrester. The use of such modeling has been carried out to improve organizational forms and increase the efficiency of organizations’ management. The article discusses the current problems and key tasks of digitalization of corporate governance using a systematic approach. The tendencies of improving the methodology of system-dynamic simulation modeling are investigated. The development scheme of the system-dynamic modeling’s stages presented in the classical literature on system dynamics is given. Variants of methodology development based on the synthesis of classical approaches with advanced corporate governance practices and current works of foreign, Russian researchers are proposed. Ultimately the synthesis proposed in the paper will make it possible to create models based on the synthesis of methodologies, and most effectively master the growth’s areas of organizations, as well as to carry out economically justified transformations implemented, including through an investment management strategy.

The article provides a literary review of existing theories and practices of views on the essence and content of the concept of “digital transformation of an industrial enterprise.” The main trends in the development of digital transformation in foreign industries were identified on the example of Siemens PLM Software, Dassault Systèmes, ANSYS, PTC Siemens, General Electric, Boeing, Airbus, Lockheed Martin Space Systems. The paper studied the materials on digital transformation and industrial digitalization presented in the reports of Allied Market Research, PwC, McKinsey, Deloitte Industrial Transformation Framework, Accenture, Boston Consulting Group (BCG), and of such industrial companies as Siemens PLM Software, Dassault Systèmes, ANSYS, PTC, Siemens, General Electric, Boeing, Airbus, Lockheed Martin Space Systems. However, we have to admit that this concept of digital transformation of an industrial enterprise is gaining only small momentum at domestic enterprises and does not find practical application, which in turn indicates that this study is of interest for the Russian industrial enterprises. The purpose of the study is to present the stages of forming a strategy for the digital transformation of an industrial enterprise for effective development of the production and economic system. The author of the article obtained the following results. An analysis and literature review was carried out, on the basis of which it was concluded that today there is no single generally accepted concept of “digital transformation of an industrial enterprise” and its definition, despite the relevance of this task. The definition of “digital transformation of an industrial enterprise” was introduced into scientific circulation from the perspective of transforming the internal environment of enterprise management. The characteristics of the main elements of the digital transformation of an enterprise were described. An overview of the implementation of digital technologies in foreign and domestic industry, as well as their intermediate results were shown. The stages of forming a strategy for the digital transformation of an industrial enterprise are presented, and the main stages of implementing the roadmap were described. Factors and risks that are a significant problem when implementing a digital transformation project were identified. The paper proposed practical recommendations for developing a strategy for the digital transformation of an enterprise to achieve effective development of the production-economic system.

Price is one of the key factors determining the demand for industrial products. The company's revenue and its ability to maintain and expand production depend on the prices they set. The purpose of this study is to analyze the international experience of existing methods and approaches to price formation for dual-use products on the example of advanced countries. The object of the study was pricing methods used by different states. The paper considers various pricing methods, features, procedure and conditions of their application in practice. It is shown that most of the countries listed in this paper apply a fairly flexible pricing policy. The regulatory role of the state in a number of countries is still very significant. This circumstance imposes additional restrictions on the process of price formation for enterprises manufacturing dual-use products. Moreover, each individual state has its own basic rules for regulating prices, which affect pricing. It is believed that these rules are related to antimonopoly legislation. As a rule, the adopted special laws regulating prices and providing information about prices are implemented in order to ensure competition in the market. A review of the pricing policy of Western (European) countries indicates that enterprises use methods that are almost equally in the interests of both the customer and the contractor. The result of this study allows us to conclude that most countries are not limited to the use of cost-based methods: on the contrary, in each case, all methods of pricing are considered and the most appropriate and taking into account the interests of both the customer and the contractor are selected. It is noted that simultaneous use of several pricing methods is deemed optimal for price forming in European enterprises. In the context of Russian industrial enterprises, the application of the method of comparable uncontrolled prices is proposed, which allows redistributing the tax burden for industrial associations.

Government programmes as an element of strategic planning are meant to logically link budget expenditures with attaining long-term priorities of socioeconomic development. In the Russian Federation, the vast majority of regional budget expenditures are programme expenditures. At the same time, a plenty of practical examples evidence the imperfection of the established methodological approaches to financing government programmes, which impairs their outcomes. The paper aims to produce practical recommendations on improving the assessment of government programmes’ financing efficiency in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Methodologically, the research relies on the approaches of programme-based budgeting. The methods are logical structural analysis and synthesis. According to the qualitative analysis of the government programmes’ financing at the regional level in the Russian Federation, the major problem of assessing the efficiency of this financing is the insufficient coherence between its structure and expected outcomes. As a consequence, the target programme method is applied formally. The analysis of the case of the Sverdlovsk oblast demonstrated that the existing method for assessing the efficiency of the government programmes’ financing in the subjects of the Russian Federation actually evaluates performance rather than efficiency of the financing. In line with this, the paper formulates practical recommendations concerning the improvement of the method for assessing the efficiency of the government programmes’ financing and the development of the system for their financing in the constituting entities of the Russian Federation: to decompose target indicators more accurately, to avoid including financing of maintenance activities, to impose stricter requirements to the composition of the funding and the quality of goal-setting.

The geopolitical turbulence and the implementation of large-scale international sanctions dictate the need to assess the degree of readiness of the states to a longterm civilisational confrontation. The article aims to construct and test a new analytical tool – antifragility index of the national economy. Methodologically, the research is based on the idea that in the presence of several industries, the national economy obtains a functional foundation and a possibility to exist autonomously in conditions of disrupted international trade relations. To put this idea into practice, the article proposes a heuristic algorithm for constructing an antifragility index of the economy taking into account the priority of such industries as agriculture, pharmaceuticals industry, production of means of labour, and mineral extraction. Based on the national statistics of eight states – the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Brazil and Russia – the paper presents pilot calculations of the index. According to the results, only Russia’s index showed an upward trend in 2003–2020, while in the other seven countries it went down. The antifragility index is shown to have an ability to capture the peculiarities of political cycles and event shocks in the world economy. The research provides empirical evidence that the change of the leading country, amongst other things, is associated with the accumulation of structural disproportions in the economy: the weakening of its foundation made up of vital industries and excessive complication of the industrial superstructure in the form of the non-productive sphere. The paper proposes scaling up the constructed index to a broader sample of countries in order to clarify the regional disposition of forces in the global geopolitical space.

The uncertainty promotes the transformation of corporate strategies in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Metals industry is among the most important ones for the Russian economy since the management of economic development at industrial, regional and national levels significantly depends on the sustainability of metals enterprises. The paper aims to assess the sustainability of Russia’s leading metals companies and the alignment of their corporate strategies with the principles of sustainable development. The concepts of sustainable development and ecosystems constitute the methodological basis of the study. To determine whether the companies’ strategies correspond to the said principles the authors applied the own set of tools and methods. The evidence is the information about the activities of seven Russian ferrous and non-ferrous metals enterprises. Along with economic, social and environmental pillars of sustainable development, the paper considers an investment and technological one. The paper justifies the choice of indicators for measuring these pillars and proposes a composite index that reflects the total level of sustainable development of enterprises. The ratio of this index to its standard deviation allowed empirically establishing the quantitative borders for classifying the level of sustainable development of Russia’s largest metals enterprises and distinguish between four types of these enterprises. The value of the research lies in detecting the trends in the creation of strategies by Russia’s leading metals companies according to the sustainable development principles.

The paper presents an overview of a monograph prepared by a team of scholars representing the Ural school of regional economics, which was created under the leadership of Evgeny Animitsa and is based in the Ural State University of Economics. Methodologically, the monograph relies on a wide range of approaches in the fields of philosophy of science, regional economics, economic geography, urban studies, finance. The main research method is content analysis of achievements in regional economics and related branches of science. The review examines interrelations between the development directions of the Ural school of thought and general global trends in regional economics and reveals the specificities of the Ural science. The synopsis of the monograph’s key chapters allows evaluating the contribution of the authors into the new ideas linked both with the theoretical consideration of the current economic situation and the state-of-the-art applied research into the economy of regions, agglomerations, cities. The paper outlines a number of controversial issues concerning the fallouts of ongoing economic reforms: the possibility of emergence and the focus of synergistic effects; problems of training research personnel and reforming the system of vocational education at regional level; development of impact investment system; formation of urban agglomerations and location of productive forces in regions. Particular emphasis is put on the social orientation and comprehensive development of regional economy by supporting the well-being economy. The review demonstrates that the research of the Ural school of regional economics clusters around the major problems of science, and in some cases is ahead of world academic achievements.

The paper aims to assess changes in the public perceptions of European Union values in Ukraine in the conditions of external aggression. It explores how conflict escalation affects the public views in different groups, and changes attitudes and beliefs regarding adopting European Union values in society. The paper analyses the concepts of value and demonstrates the devaluation of cultural and social values in some population groups. The methodology applies a survey based on online interviews and descriptive statistics methods. The Schwartz methodology in the World Values Survey 2020 is used to create a survey questionnaire. An online survey of Ukrainians’ worldviews of European Union values perceptions was conducted for Ukrainian citizens in all regions except for the territories, occupied in 2022. The survey results highlight the trend of commitment of a major part of Ukrainian citizens to European Union values. The research demonstrates the inconsistencies in the importance and satisfaction of social values and stereotypes, compliance with the law, personal freedom and human rights, level of economic freedom, and commitment to European integration. These contradictions will be resolved through the development of favorable conditions and of beliefs and convictions of people that support the adoption and dissemination of European values.

This paper aims to analyse and evaluate the state of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of international business in the transition economy based on the evidence of the southern region of Ukraine. The tasks of the study are (i) to identify the presence of components of the international business ecosystem and their quality depending on the level of development of the transition economy (policy, markets, finance, human capital, culture, support); (ii) to assess the current state of the components of the international business ecosystem; (iii) to identify constraining factors for the functioning of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem for their further consideration when adjusting the trajectory of the development of the transition economy. The model of Isenberg was used to observe the structure of the ecosystem. The international ratings (KOF Index of Globalization, Global Competitiveness Index, Doing Business, etc.), the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, national laws, etc. were used for the qualitative measurement of the ecosystem performance. An online survey was conducted to assess the current state of the ecosystem and to identify the restraining factors of its functioning. The research results demonstrate that all domains of an international business ecosystem are in the process of formation. 80% of respondents rated domains’ performance at three points on a 5-point scale, indicating poor functioning the ecosystem. The respondents of the survey represent several industries but mostly agro-industrial complex. The restraining factors are ineffective government policy; business-unfriendly legislation; limited access to the infrastructure; insecurity of property rights; inefficient business support systems, etc. The research results show that almost all components of the ecosystem are less efficient in Ukraine than in Europe, except for the entrepreneurs’ intentions of networking and collaboration development. The paper proposed original research on the institutional context of the ecosystem in the transition economy. The study is built on the idea of the specific regional peculiarities of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the impact of transformational processes of the economy of the country. The results of the study can be used as a basis for a scientific focus on the policy of improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The article empirically expands the knowledge of entrepreneurial ecosystems and shows the potential and benefits of a complete integrated ecosystem for overall regional development.

The article analyzes the features and factors of the international market of transport and logistics services and new trends caused by the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine. The market of transport and logistics services of Ukraine in terms of production and financial performance of its participants has been also studied. Moreover, the paper presents a comparative analysis of the process of forming a strategy for the competitiveness of a transport and logistics company in peacetime and in wartime. It is noted that in wartime a company should be aimed not so much at increasing market share, but at preserving its position. In this aspect, the end-to-end monitoring of the financial performance of a transport and logistics company plays an important role. The authors identify seven main stages of formation of a strategy of competitiveness of a transport and logistics company in wartime, which are analyzed in detail in the work. The paper also emphasizes that the main parameters determiming the competitiveness of transport and logistics services are complex parameters of quality, price and compliance of the product with certain standards. The analysis has identified key evaluation indicators for each of the above parameters. The conclusions of the authors are illustrated by the scheme of ensuring the competitiveness of the transport and logistics company. Thus, ensuring competitiveness is a complex mechanism of interaction of a transport and logistics company with other market subjects, the formation of competitive advantages and ensuring financial stability, differentiated by time, manifestation, structure and is the basis for determining the efficiency of a transport and logistics company and its real competitive position on the market. A promising area of research is the development of measures and tools to ensure the efficiency of transport and logistics companies by identifying and implementing their key competitive advantages in military conditions, the formation of alternative strategies for competitiveness.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of modern foreign economic strategic priorities of Ukraine, features of their implementation in the context of the key purposes of economic development of the country. Emphasis is placed on the need to use modern tools to support domestic producers and limit import expansion in the context of the formation of a new export strategy of Ukraine. Ukraine is a small open economy that makes extensive use of external factors of economic development both in the context of markets for its products, especially the agricultural sector, and attracting important resources of critical imports, including oil and natural gas, electronic equipment and more. From this point of view, the analysis has revealed the role and importance of two key players in the world market – the United States and China – in ensuring Ukraine’s external economic balance. The paper empirically examines the dependence of certain macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine on similar indicators of the United States and China (the so-called ‘large’ and systemically important economies for Ukraine). Vector autoregression models were used as a research tool to explore the dynamic interdependencies between macroeconomic indicators in the case of explaining their present values by the previous ones. For this purpose, percentage changes in gross domestic product and consumer price index compared to the corresponding period of the previous year for the USA, China and Ukraine were selected. As a result of the research, impulse-response functions from ‘large’ economies showed the dependence of indicators that characterise economic development in Ukraine from them and their long-term absorption, both in the context of economic growth in these countries and inflation imports from abroad. Moreover, it should be noted that the influence of China is more significant than that of the United States, especially if we consider the impact of fluctuations in the consumer price index in China on economic growth and inflation in Ukraine. This necessitates further research on this issue in line with the formation of scientifically sound foreign economic strategy and policy of Ukraine. The impact of economic growth in the United States and China on Ukraine’s GDP fluctuations is positive and almost the same (peaking in the second quarter and gradual levelling over two years). In turn, the variance decomposition of forecast errors for Ukraine’s GDP shows that in the long run about 52% of its variability result from modelled external factors, which in our opinion is due to significant openness of Ukraine’s economy and, consequently, ‘large’ economies. Finally, paper emphasizes the need to assess their international economic policy to minimize risks in the implementation of the country’s foreign economic strategy.

In this paper, it is shown that, despite a tremendous number of sanctions that significantly modify the conditions of financial and economic equilibrium in Russia, the basic mechanisms, priorities and construction of the goals of the financial and economic policy have not changed. This is especially true for monetary and fiscal policy. The analysis of the parameters and results of budget planning for 2022–2023 has been carried out. Although there are no catastrophic failures of macroeconomic indicators according to the Ministry of Finance in 2022 and the official projections of the 2023 budget do not promise an increase in problems, the discrepancy between the actual possibilities to increase revenues and the imperative requirements to increase budget expenditures signal a serious deterioration of the budget situation, which requires urgent and adequate solutions. The author discusses the prospect of the state budget deficit turning into a permanent phenomenon accompanying the country’s economic development for a long period, due to the indefinite period of revenue suppression and acceleration of state budget expenditures, the reasons of which are long military expenditures and the duration of restructuring the structure and mechanisms of global and subglobal financial and economic interactions. In this paper, estimates of the budget deficit, which are alternative to the official data, have been made; estimates of real sizes and dynamics of budget deficits are proposed; and the concept of hierarchy and target concentration of budget expenditures is argued. The main tools for financing budget deficits (the National Welfare Fund, ruble devaluation, money emission, government borrowings) are analyzed, the possibilities and potential limits of their use are shown. It is shown that all of them, except domestic government borrowings, give a short-term effect and at the same time have a negative impact on macroeconomic equilibrium. The possibilities, direct and indirect consequences of the policy of reduction of budget expenditures are considered

Introduction. Innovation activity of the regions in the Russian Federation includes many aspects with their changes determined by various factors. These conditions make it a challenge to manage this activity and require a clear understanding of the consequences from the implemented activities. The paper focuses on the problem to forecast the changes in the parameters in question. Purpose. The paper aims at outlining the groups of regions in the context of their innovation activity and developing a structural-logical model of a region’s innovation activity. Materials and Methods. Federal State Statistics data were analyzed to reveal the development parameters of the Russian regions; the study uses such methods as structural and dynamic analysis, cluster analysis, structural-logical modeling. Results. The presented brief review of the approaches to defining the key concepts in this area revealed the lack of a unified approach even at the conceptual level. Further analysis of the methods used to solve the problems of forecasting the situation showed that, despite a wide set of economic-mathematical and other tools, it is not possible to directly use previously obtained results in most cases at the regional level. The innovation activity parameters of the Russian Federation constituents were analyzed to identity the groups of regions that differ significantly in terms of the set of parameters in question. The structural-logical model of the region’s innovation activity as an element of the general model of socio-economic development of the region was proposed. Conclusion. Further parameterization of the proposed model for the region’s innovation activity should take into account the distinctive features of a particular regional system. At the same time, we believe the proposed model can be the starting point to develop a standard core of the decision making support system in this area. Keywords: innovation activity, approaches to definition, Russian regions, current condition, forecasting, retrospective analysis, modeling, cluster analysis, structural-logical model, differentiation of regions

Introduction. Global climate goals call for an urgent and substantial decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. Being both a producer and a consumer of energy resources, oil and gas business is responsible for a significant part of global emissions, but also has great capacities to lower its carbon footprint. Analysis of the existing literature revealed that a wide range of decarbonization options remains unsystematic, which complicates management and research activities in the field of low-carbon development of the oil and gas industry. Purpose. This article is aimed at systematizing decarbonization options for oil and gas business. Materials and Methods. The research refers to the publicly available resources. The materials are the academic papers about decarbonization, carbon neutrality, development of oil and gas business in the context of low carbon agenda, reports of the research and analytical international organizations, reports of the governmental organizations. The study applied the desk analysis methods, content analysis, decomposition, grouping, analysis (critical and comparative) and synthesis. Results. The requirements and approaches to accounting for greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed, and the main sources of emissions in oil and gas production were identified. The fundamental concepts in relation to the decarbonization of the oil and gas business are systematized. The paper describes the proposed systematization of decarbonization options for the oil and gas business with the focus on a hierarchy from general areas of activity to groups of options, decarbonization options and specific technologies (techniques). Conclusion. The research outlined four areas of decarbonization for oil and gas business: (1) improvement of operational activities; (2) transition to low-carbon energy sources; (3) work with associated components and production wastes; (4) application of corporate management methods. The paper describes the examples of compensation options available to oil and gas companies and distributes decarbonization options by production stages and by coverage areas. Keywords: decarbonization, method, options, oil and gas business, systematization, analysis

Introduction. The paper examines the definitions of risk concept applied to an industrial enterprise and differentiates between risk and uncertainty. The paper also describes the functions of risk management which focus on instant decision making in terms of a clear action plan and measures aimed to limit the damages and control the enterprise’s budget. Purpose. The paper aims at exploring the key components of enterprise’s risk management, describing and documenting the functions of the system’s stakeholders. Materials and Methods. Theoretically and methodologically, the paper originates from the existing approaches to risk management for the companies, including an industrial enterprise. The approaches were analyzed to find the adequate purpose-oriented type of risk management for an enterprise – hierarchical. Results. The paper gives a scenario for risk management of an industrial enterprise (Center) in the event of a risk event involving third parties – system’s participants or Agents (an insurance company, waste disposal operator, repair company, bank). A target function of profit is constructed for each participant. Conclusion. The proposed multiagent risk management system for an industrial enterprise includes the enterprise’s cash flows aimed to mitigate the risk. Further research will outline the types of functions for profit and damage of each participant in the system to specify the performance and interaction between the Center and Agents. Keywords: risk event, risk management, Center–Agent system, industrial enterprise, cost optimization

Introduction. The paper examines the territory defined structure of the budget investments in the Russian Federation constituents. Purpose. The paper aims at identifying and quantitatively evaluating the connection between the structure indicators of the budget investments and their frequency (per capita, square kilometer, gross regional product) by the groups of regions. Materials and Methods. The research referred to the administrative data sources with the information by the Russian Federation constituents included in the budget expenditure, its spending, investments in targeted investment programs. The paper applies theoretical and mathematical statistical methods of cluster analysis. Results. The paper structurizes the stages of budget legal arrangements and describes an original budget investment flow diagram at the federal, regional, and local levels. The research compares and analyzes the information capacities of the official statistics data and administrative resources in terms of budget investments by sources, composition, flow stages, administrative territorial levels. The original indicator system helps evaluate the territory defined structure of the budget investments with the cluster analysis methods. Conclusion. The results obtained by the author together with the administrative data and official statistics provide the informational grounds for comprehensive accounting and analysis of budget investment flows. The author’s methodological approach to a multidimensional study of a territory defined budget investment structure could be used by the executive authorities and local self-governments. Keywords: budget investments, multidimensional statistical analysis, cluster analysis, dynamic analysis, structural analysis, comparative analysis, socio-economic development

The quality of existing rules, as well as their change, impacts on economic growth. Meanwhile, numerous scientific contributions paint a very truncated picture of this influence. The study aims to identify the relationship between institutional change, the quality of rules, and economic growth through the construction of a theoretical model. The theory of economic growth, North and Olson’s theory of institutional change as well as the author’s theory of malfunctions constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods include taxonomic analysis and modeling. The study demonstrates that the quality of institutions, and moreover, the institutional environment, can be assessed by measuring their malfunction, as well as using standard methods from the field of economics of quality. As a result, the paper grounds that in essence, both approaches are models of the quality of institutions, and therefore, the quality assessment itself can be to a certain degree inaccurate. At the same time, the study identifies two basic types of institutional change: those produced by the governing body (corrections) and those occurring spontaneously. A constraint on the rate of institutional change for economic growth is also obtained. In addition, the paper illustrates that the classical criteria for welfare assessment does not take into account the impact of these changes. This modifies the generally accepted approach in the field of welfare theory, turning the latter into an institutional theory. The final conclusion is that the policy of growth pursued in the conditions of changing institutions leads to even more unbalanced distribution of benefits between groups of economic agents, which imposes stricter requirements for institutional planning.

The study of transformation processes in economies of various settlements, including those taking place in urban districts of a health resort type, still lacks a fullyformed methodology. There are no confirmed approaches and clear methods of cognition, which is a consequence of the uniqueness of such type of settlements. The difficulties of studying their structural and industrial transformation and specialisation, its stability / variability increase due to the need to build long time series of economic indicators, since only in such case the findings can be considered reliable. The paper aims to identify the processes of structural and industrial transformation in the economies of urban districts of a health resort type in the Republic of Crimea in different institutional contexts, as well as to justify the factors behind and conditions for occurring changes, and describe the ‘genetic code’ of the settlements of this type. Methodologically, the paper relies on the regional and municipal economics. The methods include various types of analysis, in particular, structural, time series, bibliometric and content analysis. The data comes from the Crimea’s socioeconomic statistics for 1935–2021. The ‘genetic code’ of the Crimea’s economy and resort towns located in its territory consists in the dominance of the health care sector due to the developed health resort activity, which is based on the use of unique natural treatment factors and resources. The findings indicate that this code remains stable despite changing institutional contexts unceasingly reshaped by the state geostrategic interests, the world geopolitical situation, and the political atmosphere in neighboring territories.