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The study is devoted to the energy market of the Sughd region of the Republic of Tajikistan. The features of marketing in the energy sector are highlighted and the authors’ interpretations of the definition of “marketing” in the energy sector are given. The functions of marketing activities in the development of the energy sector of the region are considered. Examples of the correlation between supply and demand for energy products, including electricity, are given for further forecasting the consumption of these products. The ratio analysis of supply and demand of electricity in a certain area was carried out. To identify factors affecting the demand of electricity consumers, an analysis was carried out using statistical and mathematical calculation methods. As a result, a factor that has a greater influence on the demand of electricity consumers has been identified. The ways of solving marketing research for the further successful functioning of the energy company in the interests of society and the social well-being of the population are proposed.Purpose of the study. The purpose of this paper is to study the state of the regional energy market on the basis of marketing research that characterizes the activities of an energy company; identification of indicators such as consumer dissatisfaction with energy products. The paper is based on a dynamic analysis of analytical and statistical information about ongoing processes in the energy sector. The task is to conduct marketing research of supply and demand in the regional energy market.Materials and methods. The information base of the study is analytical information and statistical data on indexes of supply and demand for energy products, including electricity. The methodological basis of the study is represented by statistical methods of information analysis: comparative analysis and analysis of time series.Results. Based on the results of an economic and statistical analysis of consumer demand indicators for the use of energy products, including electricity, factors influencing demand have been identified. Of the three selected factors, it is especially worth noting the demand of consumers using electricity, which are population density indexes, weather conditions and the number of rainfall days in a particular region, it is theoretically established that population density is a more influential index.Conclusion. Energy is the main branch of the national economy of the country, which contributes to the development of the economy and the normal life of the population. Until now, the problem of providing the population and the national economy of the regions of the republic with energy goods and electricity makes us think about new ways to solve the problem. Since hydroelectric power generation in the country is the share of hydroelectric power plants, given the economic and social condition of the country in the power supply system, it will be appropriate to create a marketing system platform.

The article considers theoretical aspects of values and value orientations. The paper gives results of their empirical research among 1st–3rd year students learning pedagogy. The authors discuss various approaches to the understanding of values and value orientations, their classification in domestic and foreign psychology, the place of values in the structure of the individual, as well as the significance of values in the structure of the individual and the need to allocate a separate group of priority values – universal values. The study presents the results of an empirical study of terminal and instrumental values (the M. Rokich method in the modification of D. Leont’ev). The paper highlights groups of students depending on value orientations, analyses similarities and differences in most important and less desirable terminal and instrumental values, which different groups have.

Jewellery made of precious stones and metals is a luxury item, referring to goods with excessive consumer properties. At the same time, the sphere of turnover of precious metals, precious stones (PMPS) and products made from them is of strategic importance for the formation and development of the state economy. Businesses operating in this sphere are subject to compulsory registration in a special state register. The government is interested in supporting the jewellery industry and increasing its turnover, which is directly dependent on the population’s demand for PMPS products.Popular demand, in turn, depends on many factors that have their own specificities in relation to the area under study. An assessment of the factors based on expert opinion, conducted by the author with interviews of a group of consumers, the study of scientific research materials and journalistic articles from various Internet resources, indicates the acceptable superiority of offers of jewellery made of precious stones and metals, focused on the potential increase in the possibilities of sunlight.The conclusions presented in the paper on the factors influencing demand are recommended for use in the development of business development strategies and may be useful in making decisions on state regulation of the sale of jewellery made from PMPS.

The paper shows the changes in the behavior of a company under the influence of digital transformation processes, the benefits of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding as well as mechanisms of embedding the crowdsourcing into the company’s business model. It is proved that the additional demand for a crowdsourcing product/service is developed due to the fact that the “crowd” itself determines the desired properties of a product. This leads to a higher congruence of the expected and actual quality levels and promotes customer satisfaction; croudsourcers trigger the virus marketing. The paper is based on the content analysis of key crowdsourcing documents, records and information resources of companies implementing crowd projects, reports and presentations made at international congresses and forums in recent years, international research findings and benchmarking based on the systems approach. It is shown that the crowdsourcing does not change the business models of only commercial companies. In the future, changes are expected in the non-profit sphere to be followed by a transition to the labor organization based on the establishment of open societies not limited in time and space. The crowdsourcing can be viewed upon not only as the technology of creation and promotion of a product/service but also as a talent management technology.

The paper is concerned with the changes that companies should make for the sake of their market survival in the conditions of economic crisis. The objective of the paper is undertaking measures aimed at increase of work productivity and production quality taking into account decreasing demand. The paper focuses on the basic production controls aimed at ensuring the quality level of production of goods and services in companies so as to meet the needs of consumers with decreased purchasing power. The paper deals with the following main topics: (1) production; (2) work productivity; (3) quality; (4) strategies, systems and processes; (5) management of production operations; (6) production operations control; (7) analysis of break even. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to study the demand for educational services in Ukraine under the influence of economic, political and social factors that are effective in the country. Among the main factors influencing the demand for educational services are the COVID-19 pandemic, the full-scale invasion of the russian federation on the territory of Ukraine and, as a result, migration processes, the destruction of educational infrastructure, changes in the structure of the labor market, budget constraints, reduction of funding at the expense of households, etc. The projected value of the reduction in demand for educational services (number of entrants) by 2025 based on the studied parameters is on average 10%. A correlation and regression analysis was carried out to study the demand for educational services of higher education institutions (HEIs) depending on the main demographic, economic, political and social indicators. According to the analysis of the correlation matrix, the factors that have a high level of closeness of interconnection and a direct impact on the number of entrants to HEIs are the number of school graduates, the number of population aged 16–59 years and the employment rate. Factors such as a decrease in education costs, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the occupation have an inverse impact on the number of entrants. The paper considers the study of the effectiveness of the State regulation of admission to the budget form of education in individual specialties. For this purpose, data on the results of the 2023 admission campaign from the Unified State Electronic Database on Education were used. It is found that in 2023, the highest demand is for specialties related to the social and philological direction (Psychology, Journalism), as well as those that have a well-established importance in terms of prestige and employment (Dentistry, International Relations, specialties in the IT profile, etc.). On the other hand, the lowest demand is for engineering specialties, where the competition is two applications for three budget-funded places. The article uses econometric methods of analysis of digital information, analyzes the influence model between the indicators of the passing score and the general competition. Recommendations are provided on the revision of the policy of admission and competitive selection of students in certain specialties, taking into account the existing established trends in the demand for engineering specialties and taking into account the factor of occupation of the country’s territory and, as a result, changes in the structure of production and needs in the labor market.

This paper characterizes television at the present stage of its development. At the turn of the 20th 21st centuries, the traditional system of propagation and reception of the television signal has transformed, the previous models of interaction between television and audience changed, and new possibilities of television emerged. The purpose of this paper is to investigate these transformations. The following tasks are set to achieve this purpose: 1) to determine how the processes of digitalization, convergence, as well as other external and internal factors influence the transformation of television, 2) to analyze modern television technologies by identifying the basic characteristics of the functioning of television at the present stage, 3) to consider modern ways of propagation of the television signal, 4) to study the basic reasons why the television content transformed in multimedia; 5) to justify changes in the ways of reception of the television content by audience. The main theoretical techniques used during the study are systemic and holistic ones. Furthermore, the empirical techniques, such as observation and interviews with experts, confirming the obtained conclusions, are applied. As a result of the investigation of television under the conditions of convergence of mass media at the present stage, the factors and trends influencing its transformation are revealed. In addition, the demands of modern television viewers and the possibilities of meeting them by means of new television technologies are characterized. The up-to-date technologies of television broadcast are discussed with regard to different ways of signal reception and types of receiving devices. This typology of modern television must promote further systemic and qualitative research on the development of television systems. The use of possibilities for distribution of the television content by means of different technical devices will ensure the effectiveness in expansion of the audience of television viewers.

The BRICS countries are of critical importance to both supply and demand fundamentals of energy markets globally. Today BRICS plays a very important role in the system of international energy security. BRICS energy diversification is driven by concerns for energy security. The potential for a BRIC energy partnership is thus enormous. The development of the BRIC countries in the next coming decades will include demographic changes with a growing middle class population which will demand more energy and resources that our world has the potential to supply.A Green Energy Revolution is the panacea to solve major social, economic and envi­ronmental effects of their growing populations. This paper is an attempt to highlight the cooperation among the BRICS Nations for the development of Energy Sector and at the same time the concerning issue of climate change etc. It further discusses about the contribution of BRICS countries in the global economy. This paper also discusses about the role of the BRICS Nations in collaboration with the International Energy Agency.

Relevance of the research topic. The structural transformations of the national economy, competition intensification, and unfavourable demographic changes lead to dramatic changes in the labor market, which is characterized by a mismatch between the demand and the supply of labour and vocational qualification and educational levels as well as types of economic activity. The consequences of the full-scale military aggression of the russian federation in Ukraine weakens the potential of the labor market. Firstly, there are barriers to the free movement of production factors, including workforce. Secondly, there are losses of production facilities and infrastructure. Thirdly, as a result of forced migration, there are negative trends in employment and income. Furthermore, the structure of the labor market has changed significantly: there is an imbalance between labor supply and demand, and regional disparities in the concentration of labor resources deepens. Formulation of the problem. The stabilization of the national labor market, growth in employment, redistribution of the workforce for the post-war recovery of Ukraine's economy require the development of effective labor market management mechanisms in the context of training specialists, formation of special skills, the development of professional education system to minimize educational-professional and regional imbalances. Analysis of recent research and publications. The trends in demand and supply on the labor market, the influence of various factors on its structure are investigated by domestic (V. Antoniuk, V. Brych, V. Heiets, A. Hrishnova, L. Ilich, A. Kolot, M. Krymova, E. Libanova, A. Novikova, I. Petrova, N. Rushchyshyn, Z. Smutchak, L. Shaulska, N. Yakymova) and foreign scientists (D. Alpisbaeva, H. Andersen, G. Becker, G. Brisese, M. Kali, S. McGuinness, M. Popp, A. Robay, P. Sloan, G. Fields, R. Freeman). The results of research of educational and qualification disproportions in the labor sphere are reflected in the works of N. Azmuk, V. Twin, O. Kupets, L. Lisohor, V. Sarioglo, L. Fedunichik, who study the disproportionality of labour supply and demand in terms of the uneven distribution of workers in terms of occupations and economic activities, due to the imbalance between the available and the required levels of professional competence of employees. The development of the system of vocational and technical education as a source of formation of the labour market of vocational professions is described in the scientific developments of A. Amoshi, I. Hnibidenko, M. Dolishny, V. Kutsenko, M. Semikina, V. Shmatova and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Despite some progress in resolving these problems, the impact of the vocational training system on the sectoral and regional disparities in the national labour market is not sufficiently investigated; as well as the risks and threats caused by the military actions in Ukraine are still not taken into account. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The above-mentioned circumstances make it expedient to assess educational, vocational and sectoral imbalances in the labour market and identify guidelines for redressing the imbalance between labour supply and demand. Method or methodology for conducting research. In the process of research general scientific (analysis and synthesis, abstract-logical, generalization and system analysis) and special methods of studying economic phenomena and processes are used. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The paper analyses the dynamics of the labour market, indicating the steady trend towards the decrease of the number of employed population. An assessment of the structure of demand and supply in the labour market by economic activity and occupational group reveals an excess in the labour market of the economically active population, which associates itself with the following areas of the economy: agriculture, trade and vehicle repair, public administration. There is an unmet demand for workers in the manufacturing industry, transport, health, education. Among the professional groups, a large proportion of the unemployed are trade and service workers, employees and managers, and the most demanded in the labour market are skilled vocational professionals. The results of the study highlight that the current problem of the national labour market and the existing imbalance between the supply of labour and the demand for it is the mismatch between educational services of the vocational training system to the needs of the labour market, insufficient level of vocational education, imperfect state and regional order for skilled workers, lack of effective interaction between stakeholders, insufficient motivation of young people for vocational professions. Conclusion according to the article. In order to overcome the existing negative trends, it is necessary to increase vocational guidance among schoolchildren. This guidance should focus on popularization of relevant and promising professions. It should contribute to strengthening the capacity of public employment services; expand the range of services and improve their quality. Career guidance ought to strengthen the practical component of training of workers and develop the system of dual education. There should be introduction of the program “job security for young people”, initiation of the research on formation of specialties, skills and qualifications, taking into account the strategic outlook of the labour market. Social dialogue in the context of creating conditions for continuing vocational education should be created. There should be promotion of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as constant content of educational programmes to meet the needs of the regional labour market and expand the competencies of skilled workers. State standards for specific occupations on a modular and competency basis should be introduced. There is a strong demand for improvement of the material and technical base of vocational schools as well as modernization of the network of educational establishments. The implementation of these directions will contribute to the formation and development of innovative human capital, restoration of the quality of the workforce, and overcoming the imbalance in the labor market. The balancing of the labor market is the main need for post-war development, and effective employment must be an integral part of post-war reconstruction social policy.

The modern food market is undergoing a period of rapid development following the changes in marketing technologies and consumer behavior patterns. Nowadays, people pay more attention to the quality and composition of food products, as well as their functional properties. The present article reviews the international and Russian market of functional foods in order to define the consumer demand for new specialized products. The methods included data comparison, grouping, and systematization. The analysis involved Russian and foreign papers published in 2018–2022 and registered in Scopus, eLibrary, Cyberleninka, and the Library of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. It also covered the National Demography Project, the Healthy Nutrition Project, and the Strategy for Improving the Quality of Food Products through 2030. Consumers’ growing interest in improving their health and immune system proved to be the key factor in the functional food market. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified such trends as the priority of healthy, high-protein, and low-sugar foods. Japan and the USA are the current leaders on this market. Russia supports healthy food policy at the state level. The functional food market is likely to become the most promising and competitive sector of global food economy. Consumer demand for these products is steadily growing: the volume of demand for functional food products will reach 17 trillion rubles by 2027. However, Russian food science needs more research in this area to catalyze import substitution. The Omsk Agrarian University has numerous projects that are meant to increase the competitiveness of the domestic functional food industry.

The issues of competitiveness such as why some companies reach success, while others not, how companies differ and how they are managed within the chosen strategies to reach the state of competitiveness are the key for the organization of any type and industry. Some researches had a tendency to fragment or disintegrate the important parts of this problem, but the purpose of this paper is to integrate the main elements of the competitiveness phenomenon into the complex system and offer a wide practical view over the cornerstones of a company’s competitiveness in a contemporary environment. In this article the author reveals her understanding of the concept of modern company’s competitiveness, then in the main part offers the qualitative model – the system of company’s competitiveness which should lead to financial competitiveness. The presented framework is practice-oriented and based on factors and efforts that depend on the company itself, but goes beyond the resource-based view or a particular single strategy school, highlighting the importance of a complex approach.

Improving the efficiency of the dairy industry is an important condition for improving the quality of life of the population and social stability, as well as food security of the country. The study contains up-to-date comparative information on the Russian and regional markets of milk and dairy products (using the example of the Stavropol Territory). The aim of the study is to assess the state of the dairy market and determine the directions of its development. The paper studies the situation on the market of milk and dairy products, provides information on production volumes by years, gives an assessment of the main market participants, as well as the characteristics of their activities and prospects for its development.

The development of the dairy industry is one of the priority courses of state policy in the agroindustrial complex (AIC) of Russia, as an increase in milk production in the country will provide a threshold indicator of the doctrine of food security. The aim of the study is to assess the state of the milk and dairy products market and determine the directions of its development. The paper provides an overview of the main development indicators of the dairy industry in Russia as a whole and the Stavropol Territory in particular, analyzes the main global development trends in the dairy production segment and their impact on the domestic dairy market

In this paper, an extremely short shelf-life inventory of age-discriminated stochastic demand is considered. Age discriminated demand can be found in products of high circulation and short shelf-lives such as dairy products, packaged food, pharmaceutical products and medical products of short shelf lives. Simulation based optimization is considered to find the optimal order quantity. The model employs Discrete Event Simulation along with a modified simulated annealing algorithm. To validate the model and the optimization algorithm, the classical newsvendor problem is tested first, later, different experiments are carried out for different product lifetimes. In contrast to the classical newsvendor, this problem tackles a multi-period inventory of different ages and different demand distributions. The objective is to determine the optimal order quantity to satisfy the stochastic demand of all ages such that shortages and expirations are minimized. The results showed remarkable performance and outstanding minimum levels of shortage and expiration.

The subject of research in the article is the Institute of Minimum Wage (MW). The purpose of the article is to determine the role of MW in the Ukrainian economy at the present stage of its development and the prospects of this institution. In accordance with the logic of scientific research, research methods such as theoretical analysis, including consideration of individual features and new characteristics of problems, the formulation of hypotheses, analogies and the evaluation of collected facts, mathematical and statistical methods are used in the article. It is noted that due to its special urgency, papers devoted to remuneration of labor, a large number, but the effects of the use of MW are discussed now. It is stressed that in Ukraine the minimum wage is one of the basic social guarantees; therefore it is used mainly for political purposes, and not as an instrument for regulating the labor market and a powerful factor of influence on the economy as a whole. The points of view of Ukrainian scientists and well-known politicians are presented and summarized, which reflect the attitude of society towards the increase of MW and its consequences. The author of the article defends the need to increase the level of incomes of the low-paid category of workers, provided that a number of other tasks are fulfilled, primarily, to increase supply in the labor market, create conditions for the development of domestic business, etc. The article discusses the position of the ILO on the use of MW. The concept of individual economists is presented, reflecting the foreign experience of establishing MW in the form of models. It is noted that official statistics on the increase in the average wage in the country runs counter to the reality and data of the sociological survey. Alternative measures to increase MW are named. Conclusions are drawn on the need for the state to abandon populist views on MW as a means of combating poverty in the direction of considering it as a regulator of the economy. The accent was laid on the fact that the creation of jobs and favorable conditions for the development of business, as well as tax reform, should precede the increase of MW. It is also necessary to fight more actively against monopoly, corruption, and misuse of budget funds. The materials of the article can be used for further investigation of the indicated problem.

The paper aims at revealing Eastern goods sales tendencies at fairs of Simbirsk region in the 1st half of 19thcentury. The method of calculation was used to discover the share of sold Eastern goods in the total sales amounts at Troitsa fair in Karsun and Sbornaya fair in Simbirsk. This method allow to reveal the tendencies and principles ofthe process of selling such goods as woolen and cotton cloths, wool, silk, cotton, Indian blue, leather goods, cattle.

This paper presents the conception of the informative analytical providing of logistic of enterprise at the market of fruit and vegetable products.В статье представлена концепция информационно-аналитического обеспечения логистики предприятия на рынке плодоовощной продукции.