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The paper presents brief information about the history of the collection of broad (horse) beans (Vicia faba L.) at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), its composition, research trends, and significance for domestic breeding. The collection started in 1916 with Vavilov’s collecting activities in the Pamirs. Currently, the collection consists of 1733 accessions from 67 countries, obtained from foreign genebanks through germplasm exchange and seed requests, received from domestic and foreign breeders, and collected in numerous expeditions. Broad beans are used for food (vegetable) and feed; they are adapted to a wide range of latitudes and altitudes. A larger part of the collection is represented by fodder accessions. The main principle whereupon the collection is being augmented is the priorities of domestic breeding. The paper provides information on the botanical, environmental and geographical diversity of VIR’s broad bean collection, its level of studiedness, current research issues, and the use of the collection in the breeding process. The crop’s biological traits, characteristics of vegetable and fodder accessions, current breeding trends and source material for breeding are described. A brief analysis of the current status of broad bean breeding in Russia and VIR’s contribution to this process is presented, including the Institute’s direct involvement in the development of several cultivars of both feed and food uses. Presently, 30 broad bean cultivars are listed in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, and 28 of them are the products of domestic breeding.

Background. The article presents information on the results of screening potato cultivars for major commercial traits: earliness, high yield, high starch content, resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), virus diseases and potato nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll. (Ro1)). Materials and methods. VIR’s collection of domestic and foreign potato cultivars served as the material for this research. The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines developed at the Potato Genetic Resources Department of VIR. Results and conclusion. The analysis of pedigrees helped to select source material for the main trends of domestic potato breeding. Data of a number of cultivars identified by analyzing progenies from self-pollination are presented in the paper. Potential sources of major commercial traits were found: cvs. ‘Banba’ (k-25222), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Belukha’ (k-25146), ‘Charoit’ (k-25221), ‘Colleen’ (k-25224), ‘Gala’ (k-25270), ‘Geyzer’ (k-25266), ‘Gornyak’ (k-25311), ‘Larets’ (k-25211), ‘Leoni’ (k-25244), ‘Manifest’ (k-25265), ‘Meteor’ (k-25212), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Prizer’ (k-25217), etc. were identified as high yield sources; cvs. ‘Aktyubinskiy-2’ (k-25300), ‘Alaya roza’ (k-25144), ‘Charaўnik’ (k-25139), ‘Darnitsa’ (k-25179), ‘Lad’ (k-25180), ‘Levada’ (k-25121), ‘Maksimum’ (k-25136), ‘Palitra’ (k-25123), ‘Tamyz’ (k-25307), ‘Universal’ (k-25137), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Vytok’ (k-11897), ‘Zarevo’ (k-10773) and ‘Zholbarys’ (k-25155) as sources of high starch content; cvs. ‘Aral’ (k-25107), ‘Aymurat’ (k-25248), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Berkut’ (k-25250), ‘Gastsinets’ (k-25264), ‘Musinskiy’ (k-25312), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Rapsodiya’ (k-25130), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), ‘Sunkar’ (k-25258), ‘Tamyz’ (k-25307), ‘Udovitskiy’ (k-25260), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Velikan’ (k-25201), ‘Zholbarys’ (k-25155) and ‘Zvezdochka’ (k-25209) as sources of late blight resistance; cvs. ‘Adil’ (k-25112), ‘Azart’ (k-25196), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Charoit’ (k-25221), ‘Favorit’ (k-25132), ‘Gastsinets’ (k-25264), ‘Geyzer’ (k-25266), ‘Krasavchik’ (k-25210), ‘Maksimum’ (k-25136), ‘Malyshok’ (k-25189), ‘Manifest’ (k-25265), ‘Nadezhda’ (k-25213), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Pamyati Lorkha’ (k-25214), ‘Rapsodiya’ (k-25130), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), ‘Sirenevyy tuman’ (k-25143), ‘Sultan’ (k-25131), ‘Shchedrik’ (k-25126), ‘Tekes’ (k-25173), ‘Velikan’ (k-25201), ‘Volat’ (k-25263), ‘Zhemchuzhina’ (k-25128), etc. as sources of field resistance to virus diseases. Cultivars combining resistance to potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll. (Ro1)) with other valuable commercial traits were also identified.

In this paper we provide characteristics of the germplasm collection of cultivars, mutants, marker lines and recombinants of the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) stored at the Genetics Dept. of Biological Faculty of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. A history of this collection is briefly described together with the main scopes of its application in both retrospectives and perspectives.

The method of subjecting plants to frost in the boxes is one of the ways to create provoking conditions for estimating frost tolerance of plants. Frost resistance of winter crops is very dynamic. It increases in the autumn; it is the largest at the beginning and in the middle of the winter and it sharply reduces by the spring. Apart from the seasonal dynamics there is a deviation of frost resistance during the years depending on the conditions of forming frost resistance. We present results of state of the plants after freezing with various temperatures (-18°С; -20°С; -21°С; -22°С). Preservation of varieties and lines after freezing in the boxes changed in dependence of the temperature. The preservation of the plants varied from 32,3 to 88,5 % at -20°С; at -21°С it was 17,2 – 77 % and at -22°С these indexes varied from 0 to 54,5%. The maximum preservation at -22°С has been noted among the cultivars ‘Don 107’ (53,5 %), ‘Donskaya Bezostaya’ (54,5 %) and ‘Asket’ (51,1 %). For more accurate assessment of frost resistance we have used a don method (the method of bushes). The cultivars ‘Donskaya Bezostaya’ (45%), ‘Kapitan’ (43,3 %) and ‘Asket’ (36,7 %) are characterized with a high level of preservation of plants. The productivity of studied samples varied from 5,05 to 7,82 t/ha. The varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (7,82 t/ha), ‘Ermak (7,74 t/ha) and ‘Lidiya’ (7,45 t/ha) showed the largest productivity. The qualitative traits (protein content, gluten content and SDS-sedimentation) of the studied cultivars and lines have been given in the paper.

The article reveals basic problems of soybean seed-growing, considers the problems of maintaining of cultivars purity and shows distinctive features of the cultivars. It also sets out indicators of soybean quality and gives their values according to GOST. Because seed quality and genetic homogeneity of a cultivar depend upon both time of reproduction and compliance of cultivation technology, the article reveals technological methods of soybean cultivation, i.e. a place in crop rotation, peculiarities of general and seedbed preparation, a choice of methods and terms of sowing, seeding rates, measures of care for crops and defense from pests and diseases, peculiarities of harvesting and post-harvesting processing and seed storage. The recommendations about optimal soil temperature, seeding rates have been given for the cultivars of different groups of ripeness depending on width of row spacing and depth of seeding. The article deals with the problems of soybean care and the most widespread herbicides for weed control, terms and doses of application. The most harmful pests, permitted substances and doses of application for their control have been listed in the work. We also recommended methods of adjusting soybean harvesters and equipment which can be used for drying and cleaning of seeds. The technology of seed storage is considered in the paper as well. A set of measures to receive soybean seeds with high seeding properties has been recommended.We suppose its fulfillment can increase quality of primary seed-growing, providing all farms of Rostov region with highly reproductive soybean seeds.

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