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This paper describes the process of developing the software and hardware complex in the programming environment LabVIEW for study and identification of plant operation modes that simulates the real manufacturing process of preparing paper pulp. The specific feature of the developed software complex is its connection with the technological process of the experimental plant by a programming logic controller.

Introduction. New innovative technologies make food industry more effective. The present paper introduces a new method of hopped wort production based on novel mash filters. Study objects and methods. The research featured two new designs of mash filters. The study of the mashing process involved malt, hops, drinking water, and beer wort. The research included generally accepted methods of physicochemical and sensory research. Results and discussion. Both models differed from the traditional design. Mash filter I had a cylindrical filtration vat at its bottom with filters in the lower and upper parts of the vat. A pump was installed on the outer side of the steam jacket to produce forced circulation of the liquid medium flow through the vat. The steam jacket was covered with Corundum Classic superfine liquid thermal insulation. Mash filter II had a filtration bottom made of perforated sheet and provided intensive liquid circulation. It also had a regulated mixer that moved the mash, which significantly improved the mashing process. After the mashing, the mash passed through the filtration bottom, separating the liquid phase from the solid phase. The crushed material was discharged through a hatch in bottom. The physicochemical and sensory profiles of the obtained beer wort and beer samples complied with State Standard 30060-93 “Beer. Methods for determination of organoleptic indices and product’s volume”. Mash filter II produced beer wort of higher quality and improved the sensory properties of the finished product. This model proved more effective in extracting proteins and digestible sugars during amylolysis due to a better mixing and circulation of liquid medium flow during the wort preparation. Conclusion. The new modified mash filter made it possible to reduce the brewing time by 28.6%. Not only was it more user friendly, but it also was less heat and electricity consuming. In addition, it reduced the production area as it combined the stages of mashing and filtering.

Objective. The purpose of the article is to analyse the existing methodology used to assess the efficiency of automated information security systems by studying open literature sources, international and industry standards of the Russian Federation on information security of automated systems, guidelines and orders of the Federal Service for Technical and Expert Control of Russia, as well as departmental orders, instructions and regulations on information security at informatization facilities of internal affairs bodies. The analysis results in identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the specified methodology, as well as the possibilities of its use when conducting a quantitative assessment of the efficiency of access control subsystems of information security systems at the informatization facilities of internal affairs bodies. Methods. To achieve this goal, the method for system analysis of approaches used to assess the efficiency of information security tools and systems has been applied. Results. The paper presents results of analysing the main approaches used to assess the efficiency of tools and systems for information security of automated systems. The paper determines the relationship between the efficiency indicator of access control subsystems of information security systems and the main disadvantage of their use in protected automated systems of internal affairs bodies. The paper substantiates main directions of improving the existing methodology, proposes methods and indicators for quantifying the efficiency of access control subsystems (including those modified on the basis of using new information and communication technologies) of information security systems in protected automated systems of internal affairs bodies. Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to quantify the security level of existing automated systems and those being developed at informatization facilities of internal affairs bodies.

Objective. One of the most effective ways to assess thermal protection of construction facilities of various applications is thermal control. Methods. According to the national standard “Method for thermal imaging quality control of thermal insulation of enclosing structures” in force on the Russian Federation territory, the results of thermal imaging monitoring of capital and completed construction facilities are divided into qualitative and quantitative depending on set goals and objectives. Qualitative assessment involves computer processing and visual interpretation of thermograms using specialized software. Quantitative analysis of thermograms involves determining and numerically comparing parameters of reference areas and characteristics of defects detected in an object being under thermal control. Results. The paper describes particular characteristics and results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of thermograms (thermal images) obtained via thermography of fragments of external enclosing structures of a completed construction facility—an apartment building. The paper analyses existing methods of a quantitative assessment of thermograms described in regulatory documents and methodological recommendations, and presents specific examples of their application. Conclusion. Thermal imaging diagnostics makes it possible to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the level of thermal protection of the outer shell of an object under control by “decoding” thermograms and comparing calculated parameters with standard indicators.

In recent years, intensive research on urban transport has been observed. The search is about finding such solutions that will enable, among others: increasing the importance of public transport, matching transport for the needs of people with reduced mobility, increasing capacity, reducing emissions, energy efficiency (technical and organizational dimension through the organization of transport on demand), increasing the vulnerability to recycling and remanufacturing. The paper presents the main concept and technical solutions of the innovative transport system – HMASSUT Prometheus (Hybrid Modular Autonomous System for Sustainable Urban Transport), which combines the concepts of personal rapid transport and an electric vehicle at the L4 autonomy level (according to the Society of Automotive Engineers classification). An assessment of the effectiveness of an innovative transport system using indicators used in road engineering is given in the paper. The concept of simulation and optimization of the transport network is presented together with the theory of cellular automata.

The paper proposes an approach based on the use of mathematical methods for modeling the behavior of the designed web application and user behavior. This approach allows an evaluation of the usability of this application. The paper discusses the models of user interfaces (UI), which are used to assess the convenience of site navigation. The possibility of using two classes of UI models is shown – structural-logical (ontological) and probabilistic. Models of the first class are used to assess the degree of comprehensibility of the proposed UI navigation on the search web resource in the accepted terms. For this, mathematically defined measures of similarity between the elements of the UI and their relationships and the elements of a hypothetical (but plausible) model of the user’s perception of the search area in a given subject area are used. In particular, the paper substantiates the possibility of using Jaccard and Levenshtein lexicographic distance metrics as such measures of similarity. Probabilistic models are based on Markov chains. With the help of these models, in the presence of reliable statistical data collected during the trial operation of a web application or its prototype, it is proposed to estimate the average number of user steps required to solve a specific problem of finding information about a subject area object. The paper provides some recommendations on the use of similarity measures to improve the usability of the UI of web applications. In addition, data on the technique for estimating the probabilities of transitions of Markov chains and semantic connections are presented. To clarify the features of the UI analysis models proposed in the article, the website of the RTU MIREA Admission Committee (https://priem.mirea.ru) is provided with a fairly simple organization that provides a search for information about admission and training at the University. The application of the approach described in the paper, along with traditional methods of testing the usability of UI, will increase the overall level of usability of applications, and thereby reduce the cost of identifying and correcting related errors.

The purpose of the paper is to improve the methods of using test technologies in the educational process and to develop an optimal schedule for conducting tests in higher education when teaching programming languages. The article considers the advantages and disadvantages of test technologies. The author investigates the effectiveness of one-time and step-by-step testing and studies the role of testing at different stages of the educational process. In the course of the study, the author used written and computer forms of testing. The paper shows that step-by-step testing is more effective than one-time testing. The article identifies the expediency of testing that precedes the implementation of practical work. The results of the study allow us to develop an optimal schedule for conducting tests, which contributes to improving the quality of learning material and increasing students’ motivation.

The 21st century aviation and aerospace technologies have evolved and become more complex and technical. Turbofan jet engines as well as their cousins, the rocket engines (liquid/solid) have gone through several design upgrades and enhancements during the course of their design and exploitation. These technological upgrades have made engines very complex and expensive machines which need constant monitoring during their working phase. As the demand and use of such engines is growing steadily, both in the civilian and military sectors, it becomes necessary to monitor and predict the behavior of parametric data generated by these complex engines during their working phases. In this paper flight parameters such as Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT), Engine Fan Speeds (N1 and N2), Fuel Flow (FF), Oil Temperature (OT), Oil Pressure (OP), Vibration and others where used to determine engine fault. All turbo fan engines go through several distinctly different working phases: Take-off phase, Cruise phase and Landing phase. Recording generated parametric data during these different phases leads to a massive amount of in-flight data and maintenance reports, which makes the task of designing and developing a fault diagnostic system highly challenging. It becomes imperative to use modern techniques in data analysis that can handle large volumes of generated data and provide clear visual results for determining the technical status of the engine under investigation/monitoring. These modern techniques should be able to give clear and objective assessment of the object under investigation. Cluster analysis methods based on Neural Networks such as c-means, k-means, self-organizing maps and DBSCAN algorithm have been used to build clusters. Differences in cluster groupings/patterns between healthy engine and engine with degraded performance are compared and used as the bases for defining faults. Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in aircraft engine management. Timely and accurate detection of faults is the foundation on which maintenance turnaround times, operational costs and flight safety are based. The data used in this paper for analysis was obtained from flight data recorder during one flight cycle. The final decision on a fault is taken by an engineer.

Implementation of the task of creating a digital platform for a full-featured system of information and analytical support for public administration at the federal, regional and municipal levels, requires a lot of resources and serious expertise.In this regard, the subject of the study was the experience and trends in the construction and operation of digital platforms for state and public administration. The aim of the paper was to summarize the international practice of creating, operating and developing digital public administration platforms. As part of the study, the authors carry out a systematic, content and comparative analysis of various sources: regulatory documents, scientific papers, analytical materials of a number of international organizations, etc.The article presents the results of a study of world experience in the application of various tools to support e-government and support digital governance platforms. The authors describe global trends in the use of information and communication technologies to support public administration. The paper presents a list of general principles for the operation of digital platforms, gives the results of the analysis on the compliance with these principles of the state digital platform of the European Union, highlights its distinctive properties.The article forms proposals and development directions, based on the results and available studies on the development and promotion of digital management platforms, that can help accelerate the spread of digital transformation of public administration in the Russian Federation. The results of the study can be applied to identify the potential of the existing platform, its strengths and weaknesses, including in the context of the possibilities of developing the process of digital transformation of governance, as well as effectively moving towards the formation of the digital platform of public administration in the Russian Federation.

In the operation schemes of optical electronic devices (OED), such as digital autocollimators, direction finders, Shack-Hartmann sensors, as well as astro-orientation systems, projection measuring systems, geometric calibration schemes for OED, the photo-detector acts not only as a receiving device, but also as a measuring device. The tasks facing the OED photo-detectors. The solution to the problem is the use of several photo-detectors installed on one electronic board. Since OED photo-detectors act, inter alia, as measuring devices, it is necessary to perform their geometric calibration. Geometric calibration involves the measurement of interior orientation parameters used in the processing of OED images. Geometric calibration makes it possible to eliminate errors in mutual exposure of photo-detectors on one electronic board installed in the focal plane, as well as distortions introduced by the OED lens, primarily by distortion. The correctness of the interior orientation parameter determination is influenced by the relative position of the collimator, with the help of which the geometric calibration is performed, and the calibrated OED itself, i. e. the external orientation elements. The task is to separate the interior orientation parameters and the elements of external orientation. This is achieved using the method of mathematical processing of measured data in the forward and inverted positions of the collimator. This method of geometric calibration allows to use it for geometric calibration of OED with a large number of photo-detectors. The paper presents the results of the geometric calibration of the interior orientation parameters when the collimator projects a test object onto three photo-detectors of the OED layout. The factors influencing on the accuracy of the geometric calibration of the interior orientation elements for OED are determined in the paper. The developed method for geometric calibration of the interior orientation parameters for multi-matrix OED provides high measurement accuracy – not more than 0.1''–0.2''.

Nowadays there are a lot of modern technologies in electronic lexicography: speech synthesis technology, cross-referencing between dictionary modules, spell-checking functions, etc. The increasing availability of online information has necessitated intensive research in the area of automatic text summarization within the Natural Language Processing community. Belarusian scientists are also interested in this sphere and new lexicographical approaches for creating a linguistic database are shown in the paper. The authors present English-Belarusian-Russian electronic dictionary TechLex. This is the project of the 2nd English Department and the Department of Software for Information Systems and Technologies of the Belarusian National Technical University. The linguistic database of the dictionary is compiled not by the traditional method of processing a large number of paper dictionaries and combining the received translations, but by sequential processing of scientific and technical English-language periodicals. While the designing the dictionary the authors have taken into account the analysis of modern electronic multilingual translation dictionaries and created a client-server application in the Java programming language. The client part of the system contains a mobile application for the Android operating system, which has been tested on tablets and smartphones with different screen diagonals. The interface of the TechLex dictionary is designed taking into account the possibility of adding new subject areas and filling them with appropriate lexical material. The main advantage of our dictionary is that it is the first technical multilingual electronic dictionary having a Belarusian version.

The paper deals with a problem of the obfuscated JavaScript code detection and classification based on Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) coloring. Colors of the AST vertexes and edges are assigned with regard to the types of the AST vertexes specified by the program lexical and syntax structure and the programming language standard. Research involved a few stages. First of the all, a non-obfuscated JavaScript programs dataset was collected by the public repositories evaluation. Secondly, obfuscated samples were created using eight open-source obfuscators. Classifier models were built using an algorithm of gradient boosting on the decision trees (GBDT). We built two types of the classifiers. The first one is the model that classifies the program according to the type of the obfuscator used, i.e. based on what obfuscator created the sample. The second one tries to detect samples obfuscated by the obfuscator whose samples are not observed during training. The quality of the obtained models is on par with the known published results. The feature engineering method proposed in the paper does not require a preliminary analysis of the obfuscators and obfuscating transformations. In the final part of the paper we analyze a quality of models estimated, discussing the certain statistical properties of the obfuscated and non-obfuscated samples obtained and corresponding colored ASTs. Analysis of generated samples of obfuscated programs has shown that the method proposed in the paper has some limitations. In particular, it is difficult to recognize minifiers or other obfuscating programs, which change the lexical structure to a greater extent and the syntax to a lesser extent. To improve the quality of detection of this kind of obscuring transformations, one can built combined classifiers using both the method based on the AST coloring and the additional information about lexemes and punctuation, for example, entropy of identifiers and strings, proportion of characters in upper and lower case, usage frequency of certain characters etc.

Purpose of the research. The aim of the study is to develop recommendations on the selection of parameters for modifying the ant colony method when searching for a rational solution to the task of appointing employees to work, subject to setting the time to complete the work using fuzzy sets and taking into account the interaction time between employees assigned to one task. The algorithm is proposed for modifying the ant colony method. Various stopping algorithms of the modified ant colony method are considered.Materials and research methods. The use of the ant colony method developed for finding the traveling salesman’s path for the assignment problem requires the creation of a “decision graph” and some modifications of the algorithm associated with entering weights (pheromone) on the graph. The paper proposes to create a graph of solutions by creating a set of vertices that determine the appointment of an employee for tasks for each employee and calculating the path in the graph that determines the solution to the assignment problem. To stop the algorithm of the ant colony method, two different algorithms are considered: the stop when performing a certain number of iterations and the stop when finding a solution that satisfies the constraints. To evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm, the following criteria were considered: the estimate of the mathematical expectation of the number of iterations of the algorithm, the estimate of the mathematical expectation of the criterion value, the estimate of the mathematical expectation of the number of considered solutions, etc. For all estimates of mathematical expectation, a confidence interval is also calculated. According to the estimates, the paper gives recommendations on the selection of parameters of the ant colony method: the number of agents, evaporation rate, parameters of the elite and ranked method of ant colonies, etc. Both the speed and the ability to find rational solutions for different values of constraints are evaluated.Results. The work considered the task of appointing 35 employees for 15 tasks. As a result, the following recommendations were identified on the choice of parameters to the modified method of ant colonies. The more agents, the better solution found, but the number of the considered solutions increases, which leads to an increase in search time. For the evaporation coefficient, it is recommended to choose a value in the range (0.8; 0.95). It is recommended to use a ranked algorithm with a parameter 4 times less than the number of agents in the group. The problem of “cycling” of the ant colony method, caused by the passage of agents along the same routes, is determined.Conclusion. The developed recommendations make it possible to use the ant colony method to solve the problem of assigning employees to tasks. The proposed recommendations on the parameters provide high speed and accuracy of finding a rational solution to the problem. The problem of “cycling” of the ant colony method is described.

In this article, the authors consider the possibility of using a hybrid energy storage system to even out the load profile of the enterprise. Solving the problem of rational use of energy storage taking into account the initial variable load schedule will significantly reduce not only the cost of electricity consumption by the enterprise, but also the costs of its production. Detailed characteristics of batteries with various types of electrolytes and supercapacitors are given. A model of the active scheme of a hybrid electric energy storage system consisting of a lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor unit with the corresponding characteristics is presented. The model was carried out by using the SimPowerSystems software in MatLab. During the simulation, the temperature and the aging effects and of the batteries were not taken into account. The selfdischarge parameter of the battery was also not presented. As a result of the simulation, discharge characteristics of supercapacitors and batteries were obtained based upon which the expediency of their combined use for leveling load profiles of various types was substantiated. The paper presents the results of the simulation of operating modes of a hybrid energy storage device, combining the advantages of two types of energy storage devices, as well as a diagram of delivered power to the network, corresponding to the specified parameters. The paper provides a mathematical description of the increasing power by hybrid storage system resulting from the combined use of supercapacitors and batteries. The paper presents the dependence of the power increase ratio on the frequency and the pulse current duty ratio, which proves that the maximum possible output power of the hybrid storage system can be several times greater than the power of a single battery having the same parameters.

Introduction. Urban public transport plays an important role in modern cities. At the same time, the financial performance of public transport’s work is far from ideal. The purpose of the paper is to identify a promising area for increasing the payback of public urban passenger transport by application of different scientific methods.Materials and methods. The paper demonstrated the significant statistical relationship between the route’s payback of public urban passenger transport and the indicators of using the capacity of passenger vehicles. Moreover, the author presented the average value of the passenger stress coefficient. The author also proposed to increase the payback of public urban passenger transport based on the use of variable-length electric buses (modular vehicles), which allowed more precise adjustment to the capacity of passenger traffic.Results. Calculation examples showed that the use of modular passenger vehicles increased the public transport’s payback on 26%.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the presence of the electric bus modules’ fleet of the same capacity allows the carrier flexibly adapting the existing passenger flow capacity. Therefore, such measures increase the passenger stress coefficient, reduce the spread of its values relative to the average value and lead to the increase in the payback of public passenger transport. The author recommends to substantiate the capacity of the module, to develop technology for carrying passengers by modular vehicles and to formulate technical requirements for the module design in further research.

Introduction. Perfect polyphase unimodular sequences, i. e. sequences with ideal periodic autocorrelation and single amplitude of symbols are widely used in modern radio communications and radar. A special place among them is occupied by perfect ternary sequences (PTSs) with elements {–1, 0, 1}. In fact, these are binary sequences with the alphabet {–1, 1}, but with zero symbols in some positions. It is known that PTSs are quite numerous and their length in comparison with perfect binary sequences is not limited from above. The charge for this is a peak factor greater than one, which causes energy losses in the receiver. A large number of research papers and books are devoted to the design of PTSs and the study of their properties. In particular, the handbook on sequence design by Fan and Darnell (1996) which provides an overview of the then known PTS families has become widely famous. However, over the past two decades, numerous new PTS families were discovered, some theorems on their existence were obtained, and connections were established between them and circulant weighing matrices. Therefore, there is a need for a new review of existing PTSs.Objective. The article is devoted to a retrospective review of existing PTSs and their generation devices.Materials and methods. Considered and analyzed domestic and foreign sources of information (books, journal papers, conference proceedings, patents).Results. Along with solving an informational bibliographic problem, the review shows the relationship between PTSs obtained at different times, their connection with circulant weighing matrices, and also describes the block diagrams of generators of some PTS families.Conclusion. A brief retrospective review of PTSs for their almost 60 years history is presented and the generators of some PTS families are considered. The results of the study are relevant for use in modern radio communications and radar systems and in particular, in CW and LPI radars.

Introduction. Nowadays robotics is one of the most important directions of fundamental, technical, scientific and applied research. The main robotics’ challenges are to develop schemes for obtaining information about environment and the creation of artificial intelligence effective systems of the complex dynamic objects’ control in uncertainty conditions. Recently, robotics is going through the stage of rapid development, more and more covering the civilian and military spheres of human activity. The number of developed and implemented mobile unmanned robotic complexes of military and dual-use exceeds the number of robotic complexes in progress. The purpose of the research is to review the most promising samples of mobile unmanned robotic equipment used in various fields of human activity.Results. The paper reviewed the modern developments of mobile unmanned robotic complexes applied in the agricultural complex, industrial and civil construction, and in cargo transportation. The authors analyzed promising samples of Russian and foreign unmanned robotic technology. Moreover, the authors presented factors that increasingly depended on key spheres of human activities in the development and implementation of mobile robotic systems. Therefore, the paper demonstrated the list of major programs and concepts for the development of the Russian Federation in robotic sphere.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the authors identify the basic elements of automated control systems, of navigation and autopilot system basing on mobile unmanned robotic complexes. The paper also reveals the concept of the foveal vision, which allows quickly and accurately detect pavement roughness and obstacles on the vehicle’s way.

The task of controlling multi-link robots with manipulators for implementation of high-tech processes in industry has been considered in the paper. The paper presents sequential steps of using computer technology in construction of robotic-manipulators, including mathematical, algorithmic, and hardware and software tools for creating a multi-drive mechatronic system controlled by OMRON industrial microcontroller. A kinematic scheme of a robot manipulator has been described in the paper and it performs the following two types of movements – rotation around the z axis and rectilinear movement of a working element along a turning radius with precise positioning at a given point in the working space. Electromechanical design of the manipulator allows to ensure transportation of production objects in accordance with a given technological process. For designing the technological process of transporting production objects, a software module has been developed that makes it possible to automate description of basic operations for movement of the robot manipulator working body with subsequent automatic generation of a command sequence for a control program ensuring operation of electric drives in manipulator links in real time. To speed up the process of designing trajectory of the working body, a spatial simulation model of a robot-manipulator in the MatLab-Simulink environment has been developed. The paper considers a generalized diagram of a mechatronic control system for a robot-manipulator based on the OMRON programmable logic controller operating under control of a program developed in the programming environment Sysmac Studio Automation. A program for a programmable terminal with interface elements and animation elements has been developed for industrial use of the mechatronic system during adjustment and operation period. The paper provides an appearance of a robot-manipulator prototype. The developed mechatronic system of the robot-manipulator can be technologically oriented towards solving other problems of industrial production.

Introduction. The paper deals with the results of the reliability of urban public passenger transport routes. One of the main objectives is to consider the indicators for assessing the reliability of the urban passenger transport system, which have not yet been used in Russian practice. The peculiarity of these indicators is that the initial information can be obtained on the basis of modern bus equipment (GLONASS/GPS). The possibility of using these indicators, as well as the development of scales of reliability levels at the moment is an important scientific problem.Materials and methods. The authors proposed modern indicators for assessing the reliability of urban passenger transport routes, such as the time index and the associated buffer time indicator. The authors used the methods of mathematical statistics to process the data on the duration of bus traffic.Results. The authors obtained the reliability characteristics of urban passenger routes. Moreover, the paper presented the comparison of the reliability values on the example of Irkutsk and Angarsk.Discussion and conclusions. The authors reveal the range of values of the time and buffer indices based on the data of route networks of two different cities. Therefore, the authors offer the estimation scale of the reliability levels on routes.

The paper analyzes approaches to interpretation of a competitive advantage source in various schools of strategic management. Systematizing concepts and approaches of foreign and national researchers within the framework of this or that strategy school the author of the paper gives preference to the Lakatos concept that various scientific-research programs may coexist and compete simultaneously. Strategic management science does not have any obstacle to compare competing theories in justifying sources of strategic competitive advantage. An internal logic of a theory serves as the basis to compare quality of verbal or formal school models, and consideration of successful / unsuccessful strategies in modern dynamically developing economy makes it possible to obtain data for empirical verification of the models. Purpose of the paper is to evaluate prospects of scientific-research programs proposed by various strategy schools in the context of their approaches to sources of competitive advantage. Evolution of science and practice in strategiс has led to shift in emphasis for understanding a company not as a set of business units but as a set of resources and competencies that contributed to obtaining a dominant position in strategic management of resource-based strategy concept. Search for sources of competitive advantage has been shifted to specific resources which a company possess. Such approach lays a solid foundation for a qualitative analysis of strong and weak points of the organization while forming a sustainable long-term advantage based on the development and protection of company's internal resources. Research of competitive advantage resources from the perspective of the concept of company’s dynamic abilities (modern stage of resource-based concept development) is considered as the most promising one because it is based on endogenous nature of advantage sources. This approach rejects implausible assumptions and emphasizes importance of an entrepreneurial factor.

Nowadays the interest in search of ways of improving the efficiency of small radar cross-section aerial objects detection and localization rises against the background of widespread use of light and unmanned aerial vehi-cles. As a result, researchers pay attention to radar systems (RS) with continuous linear frequency modulation (linear FM) signal. The use of such signals gives the measurable opportunity to reduce radar system peak-speech power and to cut the cost and weightsize parameters of the RS. The paper observes low-power ground based radar implementation prospects for purposes of detection and estimation of motion rates of small-sized aerial objects. The proposed algorithm of radar signals processing enables to simplify the detection of such tar-gets. The paper reveals the structure and defines the steps of the algorithm. The fundamental for the algorithm under consideration is the method of the range-Doppler image composition of the scanned area using digital signal processing. The paper presents the results of the algorithm operation in the low-power RS of C-band radar, obtained by processing of quadrotor echo-signals during the real experiment. The results show successful solvation of the applied problem of detection and tracking on the small-sized aerial object with the radar cross-section equal to less than 0.5 m2 and the spectrum of secondary radiation characterized by the expressed multimodality. The results of the experiment validate the application of the algorithm and demonstrate the possibility of the algorithm implementation in design of portable RS and automated target acquisition centers for detecting and tracking of the small-sized aerial targets (both, single as multi agent) with the information display on operator control panel.

Block ciphers form one of the main classes of cryptographic algorithms. One of the challenges in development of block ciphers, like any other cryptographic algorithms, is the analysis of their cryptographic security. In the course of such analysis, statistical testing of block ciphers is often used. The paper reviews literature on statistical testing of block ciphers.The first section of the paper briefly and informally discusses approaches to the definition of the concept of a random sequence, including the Kolmogorov, von Mises, and Martin-Löf approaches and the unpredictability-related approach. However, all these approaches to the definition of randomness are not directly applicable in practice.The second section describes statistical tests of binary sequences. It provides brief descriptions of the tests included in the DieHard, NIST STS, RaBiGeTe statistical test suites.The third section provides the appropriate information to present further the operation modes of block ciphers.The fourth section deals with techniques for statistical testing of block ciphers. Usually such techniques lie in the fact that based on the block cipher under test, various generators of the pseudorandom sequences are built, with their output sequences being tested using any suite of statistical tests. The approaches to the construction of such generators are given.The paper describes the most known statistical test technique for block ciphers among the submitted for the AES competition. It is a technique the NIST uses for statistical testing of ciphers. In addition, there are other techniques mentioned in the literature.In conclusion the paper states that there is a need to develop new techniques for statistical testing of block ciphers.The paper support was provided from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the research project No. 16-07-00542 supported

According to modern studies in the field of didactics, the content of education, such as mathemati-cal, should be represented by two components of knowledge: information and methodological. The purpose of current research is to identify the potential of mathematical modeling, as a general scientific method of cognition in the process of forming both components of the educational content for students of environmental training directions. Materials and methods . The basis of the research, devoted to the study of the place and role of mathematical modeling in the training of future ecologists was the analysis of literature and the comprehension of experience of teaching mathematics for students of environmental training direc-tions in other Russian universities. Most of the presented models in the publications form knowledge, subjectively new only for the students. The paper is considering in detail the process of constructing by students new scientific knowledge on the basis of mathematical modeling, using methods of multivariate statistical analysis. Results. The information component of the mathematical education content, which includes training in mathematical modeling for students-ecologists, is described. The paper gives an illustration of its methodological component formation on the example of the implementation of a group research project, including construction and analysis of graphical and analytical multiple regression models. Mathematical modeling was carried out on the basis of monitoring data of social-economic and medical-ecological indicators of the Kirov region for 2007-2016 together with students-ecologists of Vyatka State University. The procedure of scientifically based choice of factors in the model, their classification by the method of correlation pleiades, which allow effective analyzing both strong and weak correlation links, prevailing in the relationship between a person and the environment are described in detail. Mathematical modeling of the links between the health indicators of the population of the Kirov region and habitat factors was carried out using multiple correlation-regression analysis. The possible nonlinearity of the studied bonds is taken into account. The process of sequential selection of the best model of multiple regressions is presented, taking into account such criteria as determination coefficient, Zarembka test, standard regression error and approximation error. Conclusion. The listed criteria are satisfied by linear, inverse, power and exponential models. Among them high-quality selection of the regression equation is ensured by an exponential model that has statistically significant parameters and allows interpretation from the ecological point of view. Based on the analysis of the constructed mathematical models, some conclusions are formulated, which are of scientific and practical interest for residents of the Kirov region and consistent with the results of other researchers. In particular, it was found that the health status of the population of the region is more significantly influenced by social-economic factors of the environment in comparison with medical and environmental indicators. The inclusion of mathematical modeling in the content of higher education of future ecologists promotes the formation of a scientific worldview, the applied and professional orientation of teach-ing mathematics, and the strengthening of motivation to study mathematical content. Participation of students at group research projects devoted to the application of mathematical modeling in the future professional activity ensures the implementation of interdisciplinary study, mastering the methods and logic of scientific research.

Рассмотрена задача математического моделирования передачи энергии в автономной робототехнической роевой системе. Существующие математические модели не учитывают особенности беспроводной передачи энергии между агентами роя, действующими как совместно с роем, так и отдельно от него. Представлен обзор и сравнительный анализ современных исследований в данной области. Показана необходимость разработки модели исходя из энергообмена между агентами. Рассмотрена математическая модель роевой робототехнической системы, учитывающая энергетические характеристики единичного агента,группы роботов и роя в целом. Продемонстрировано успешное применение данной модели на примере гомогенных мобильных роботов МАРС в совокупности с системой беспроводной передачи энергии БСПЭ-3., In this paper the energy transfer mathematical model in terms of autonomous swarm robotic system is considered. Existing mathematical models do not account for wireless power transfer peculiarities among swarm agents, acting as together with the whole swarm, as separately from it. This paper presents review and comparative analysis of recent research in this domain. The paper shows the relevance of development of such mathematical model, that would cover energy exchange among agents. The developed mathematical model accounts for energy characteristics of an individual agent, of a robot group and of a whole swarm, as well the possibility, that the task may be executed by one or several agents. The proposed mathematical framework allows calculating time and energy, required to complete the task, particularly, the energy, transmitted between the agents with respect to the power losses of the transmission channel. The mathematical model was successfully tested within a swarm of mobile MARS robots, combined with wireless energy transfer system WETS-3., Труды НИИР, Выпуск 1 (1) 2020

Рассмотрена задача выявления аномальных наблюдений в данных больших размерностей на основе метода многомерного шкалирования с учетом возможности построения качественной визуализации данных. Предложен алгоритм модифицированного метода главных проекций Торгерсона, основанный на построении подпространства проектирования исходных данных путем изменения способа факторизации матрицы скалярных произведений при помощи метода анализа кумулятивных кривых. Построено и проанализировано эмпирическое распределение F -меры для разных вариантов проектирования исходных данных, Purpose. Purpose of the article. The paper aims at the development of methods for multidimensional data presentation for solving classification problems based on the cumulative curves analysis. The paper considers the outlier detection problem for high-dimensional data based on the multidimensional scaling, in order to construct high-quality data visualization. An abnormal observation (or outlier), according to D. Hawkins, is an observation that is so different from others that it may be assumed as appeared in the sample in a fundamentally different way. Methods. One of the conceptual approaches that allow providing the classification of sample observations is multidimensional scaling, representing by the classical Orlochi method, the Torgerson main projections and others. The Torgerson method assumes that when converting data to construct the most convenient classification, the origin must be placed at the gravity center of the analyzed data, after which the matrix of scalar products of vectors with the origin at the gravity center is calculated, the two largest eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors are chosen and projection matrix is evaluated. Moreover, the method assumes the linear partitioning of regular and anomalous observations, which arises rarely. Therefore, it is logical to choose among the possible axes for designing those that allow obtaining more effective results for solving the problem of detecting outlier observations. A procedure of modified CC-ABOD (Cumulative Curves for Angle Based Outlier Detection) to estimate the visualization quality has been applied. It is based on the estimation of the variances of angles assumed by particular observation and remaining observations in multidimensional space. Further the cumulative curves analysis is implemented, which allows partitioning out groups of closely localized observations (in accordance with the chosen metric) and form classes of regular, intermediate, and anomalous observations. Results. A proposed modification of the Torgerson method is developed. The F1-measure distribution is constructed and analyzed for different design options in the source data. An analysis of the empirical distribution showed that in a number of cases the best axes are corresponding to the second, third, or even fourth largest eigenvalues. Findings. The multidimensional scaling methods for constructing visualizations of multi-dimensional data and solving problems of outlier detection have been considered. It was found out that the determination of design is an ambiguous problem., Вычислительные технологии, Выпуск 3 2020

Одна из основных сложностей разработки параллельной программы для кластера — необходимость принятия глобальных решений по распределению данных и вычислений с учетом свойств всей программы, а затем выполнения кропотливой работы по модификации программы и ее отладки. Большой объем программного кода, а также многомодульность, многовариантность и многоязыковость, затрудняют принятие решений по согласованному распределению данных и вычислений. Опыт использования предыдущей системы САПФОР показал, что при распараллеливании на кластер больших программ и программных комплексов необходимо уметь распараллеливать их постепенно, начиная с наиболее времяемких фрагментов и постепенно добавляя новые фрагменты, пока не достигнем желаемого уровня эффективности параллельной программы. С этой целью предыдущая система была полностью переработана, и на ее основе была создана новая система SAPFOR (System FOR Automated Parallelization). В данной статье будет рассмотрен опыт применения метода частичного распараллеливания, идея которого заключается в том, что распараллеливанию подвергается не вся программа целиком, а ее части (области распараллеливания) — в них заводятся дополнительные экземпляры требуемых данных, производится распределение этих данных и соответствующих им вычислений., The main difficulty in developing a parallel program for a cluster is the need to make global decisions on the distribution of data and computations, taking into account the properties of the entire program, and then doing the hard work of modifying the program and debugging it. A large amount of code as well as multimoduling, multivariant and multilanguage, make it difficult to make decisions on a consistent distribution of data and computations. The experience of using the previous SAPFOR system showed that, when parallelizing large programs and software packages for a cluster, one should be able to parallelize them gradually, starting with the most time-intensive fragments and gradually adding new fragments until we reach the desired level of parallel program efficiency. For this purpose, the previous system was completely redesigned and a new system SAPFOR (System FOR Automated Parallelization) was created. To solve this problem, the method of incremental or partial arallelization will be considered in this paper. The idea of this method is that not the entire program is subjected to parallelization, but only its parts (parallelization regions) where additional versions of the required data are created and distributed and the corresponding computations are performed. This paper also discusses the application of automated mapping of programs to a cluster using the proposed incremental parallelization method and using the example of a NPB (NAS Parallel Benchmarks) software package., ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ И ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЕ: НОВЫЕ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, Выпуск 4 2020

It is assumed that the socalled "One Tower" skyscraper with a height of 403.9 meters, considered in the distinctive paper, will be located in the Moscow International Business Center (MIBC) and will become one of the tallest buildings in Europe. The project of a unique object was developed in the architectural bureau "Sergey Skuratov Architects" and "GKTtechStroy" LLC (under the direction of M.I. Kelman). Generally the paper is devoted to computational studies of the stress-strain state, strength and stability ofload-bearing structures of this multifunctional residential complex with an underground parking lot. The paper provides a brief description of the natural conditions of the area of the location of the object, its load-bearing structures, characteristic and design loads, their combinations. Besides, formulation of objectives of computational research is presented. Then numerical methods, algorithms and software, which were used for computational static and dynamic analysis of skyscraper and analysis of corresponding stress-strain state are described. Further, the developed and verified advanced detailed finite element model of the coupled system "pile foundation - load­bearing structures of residential building" is considered. This model adequately reflects corresponding geometric, stiffness, inertial and load parameters and the resulting stress-strain state. Resulting parameters of the stress-strain state, strength and dynamics of load-bearing structures of "One Tower" sky­scraper with allowance for design (in accordance with design codes) combinations of vertical and wind loads and progressive collapse analysis are under consideration as well. As a result a reasonable conclusion is made about the reliability of the criterion parameters obtained by structural analysis including strength analysis, stability analysis and dynamic analysis of the loadbearing structures of the building. Computational structural analysis was performed with the use of licensed certified finite element software package ANSYS Mechanical, verified by the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAACS). Reinforcement of structures was designed in "OM SNiP Zhelezobeton" software after converting of resultant efforts from ANSYS Mechanical.

The paper considers application and development of information technologies while carrying out project management in construction. Organizational and technological support of works throughout its life cycle exerts an influence on quality and efficiency of successful implementation of the construction project. In order to achieve the project goal it is necessary perfectly to organize and plan works, distribute roles and responsibilities of the project participants, regulate composition and content of the project documentation. While analyzing technical and economic indices of construction organization activity and management systems operating in these organizations, conclusion has been made that market experience in functioning of operational management systems has not been adequately applied in practice of domestic construction organizations. Thus, introduction of integrated management systems for quality, costs, time parameters pertaining to project construction, their resource support will contribute to improvement of economic situation of construction organizations. The solution consists in application of up-to-date information technologies, maximum implementation of computer systems and programs in the sphere of production, creation of application software. It has been shown that it is necessary to develop a software model that provides a possibility comprehensively to apply information technology tools for monitoring progress of construction and installation works, systematization of information technology application that allow to control key parameters of construction and installation works, improvement of system for providing actual information in project implementation process. An example of complex application of software products Primavera P6 Professional R8.3.2 and ArchiCAD 17.0.0 is given in the paper.

The paper analyses the known available method to search for the author of the text in the natural language base of knowledge proposed by O. Khrulev in which the minimum distance between the frequency dictionaries of the presumed authors and the text under analysis is accepted as a criterion for the successful identification of the author. The patterns and drawbacks of the method are revealed.The paper suggested that since the distance value is based on the average values of this lexeme-usage in all papers of the author on the basis of which frequency dictionaries are created, such leaps will show up when the specific value of the lexeme-usage frequency stands in stark difference to the average one.To test this hypothesis, the paper determines a variation coefficient of each lexeme-usage frequency in the texts under analysis.The analysis of frequency dictionaries of Russian canonical writers conducted in the paper has shown that on average about 90% of the authors' frequency dictionaries contain lexemes whose frequencies of usage are inhomogeneous.The author of the paper suggested that the coefficient of variation shows increase in author's word-hoard, i.e. the larger the vocabulary size, the richer the speech, and, therefore, the less frequently the author uses the same lexemes.In the paper there is a hypothesis that it is wrong to reduce the analysed size of the authors' frequency dictionaries only by critical boundaries: it is necessary to analyse lexemes with a variation coefficient over 33%, which illustrate rich word-hoard.The paper also proposes to define only one specific critical boundary of 10 thousand lexemes, since the indefinite boundary of 5 - 10 thousand lexemes offered by O. Khrulev makes it difficult to identify the author of unknown text. In this case, the lexemes with a variation coefficient over 33% of the total vocabulary size of the studied authors beyond the critical boundary are subjected to analysis.To test this hypothesis, a numerical experiment was carried out. The main point of the experiment was to identify the authors of unknown texts based on the authors' frequency dictionaries. At the same time, there were no unknown texts in the data compilation of the frequency dictionaries. The identification was based on the calculation of distance from the unknown text to the authors' frequency dictionaries, i.e. according to O. Khrulev’ s technique. In calculation different critical boundaries were specified.A numerical experiment has shown that the method proposed in the paper increases the successful identification percent for the larger size texts (more than 5,000 word forms) by 12.5%, and for texts of small size (less than 5,000 word forms) by 15.2%.

The paper considers a problem of dynamic impact of hoisting mechanisms, which are based on the multistage hydro-cylinders, on the hoisted object. Hydro-cylinders have high specific characteristics, but there are also some drawbacks. One of them is an impact at the beginning and at the end of hoist and in switching the stages. And in case of switching the stages under certain conditions the impact in nature can be a high impact impulse. The paper explores the impacts at the beginning of hoist and when switching the stages. Numerical modeling is assumed to be a method of study. To build a mathematical model the following factors have been considered: geometrical cylinder parameters, hydraulic liquid compressibility, and friction between cylinder elements. Elasticity of ground, elasticity of rod, and elasticity of cylinder walls have been ignored. The modeling results allowed us to reveal a hydraulic nature of the stage-switching impact, introduce a formula to estimate the impact impulse value, show the friction effect on the impact impulse value and give a proposal to use a counter-pressure chamber to eliminate the stage-switching impact. An expression for the optimal counter-pressure is presented. The results obtained can find application in designing the new and upgrading the existing hoisting multistage hydro-cylinder mechanisms to increase a hoisting speed and simultaneously eliminate the impact on hoisted object. Compared to existing papers in the field concerned, this one concentrates on revealing a specific hydraulic nature of the stage-switching impact, without regard to dynamics and elasticity of the hoisting mechanism parts other than the cylinder itself. The achieved results find confirmation when compared to the numerical and field data published by other authors.

Актуальность. Основным направлением развития бурения скважин является повышение технико-экономических показателей и разработка нового поколения породоразрушающего инструмента, обеспечивающего эффективное разрушение горной породы. Для повышения технико-экономических показателей бурения необходимо изучение процессов, протекающих при бурении скважин. Зачастую они носят сложный характер и нуждаются в детализации в мелких труднодоступных местах призабойной зоны. В некоторых случаях экспериментальные методы исследования затруднительны, требуют материальных затрат или вовсе недоступны. К тому же основным современным требованием к научным исследованиям является комплексный подход, который заключается во всестороннем и одновременном рассмотрении всех процессов, протекающих при бурении скважины. В связи с этим применение компьютерного моделирования является актуальным методом, позволяющим точно, наглядно и достоверно проводить исследования процессов бурения. Цель: компьютерное моделирование процессов, протекающих при бурении скважин. Объекты: процессы, протекающие при бурении скважин. Методы: имитационное моделирование, аналитические исследования, анализ. Результаты. Определены основные процессы бурения, которые необходимо исследовать при проектировании и разработке нового поколения породоразрушающего инструмента. Рассмотрены возможности компьютерного моделирования при исследовании процессов бурения алмазными коронками. На примере упрощенной модели взаимодействия породоразрушающего инструмента с горной породой приведены программные продукты и такие результаты их применения, как толщина слоя породы, снимаемая любым алмазом коронки, координаты местонахождения инструмента в любой момент времени, температура нагрева алмазной однослойной коронки, распределение механических напряжений в породоразрушающем инструменте колонкового бурения. Осуществлено сравнение моделирования одних и тех же процессов бурения с применением различных программных продуктов. Выявлены особенности и точность моделирования процессов бурения. Обосновано использование компьютерного моделирования процессов бурения. Показаны преимущества компьютерного моделирования над экспериментом. Relevance. The main drilling development direction is improving technical and economic indicators. The main direction is the new rock cutting tools generation, which ensures the effective rock destruction. To improve the technical and economic drilling indicators it is necessary to study the processes occurring during well drilling. Often the processes are complex and need to be detailed. This applies to narrow, hard to reach places in the bottomhole zone. In some cases, experimental research methods are difficult, expensive, or completely unavailable. In addition, the main modern requirement for scientific research is an integrated approach. It consists in a comprehensive and simultaneous consideration of all processes occurring during well drilling. In this regard, a relevant method is the computer simulation. This method studying drilling accurately, visually and reliably. The aim of the research is the computer simulation of the processes occurring during drilling. Objects: processes occurring during well drilling. Methods: simulation modeling, analytical studies, analysis. Results. The authors have identified the main drilling processes that need to be explored in the design and development of a new generation rock cutting tools. The paper considers the possibilities of computer modeling in study of drilling with diamond crowns. On the simplified model example for the interaction of rock cutting tools with rocks, software products are given. The results of their use are shown: the thickness of a rock layer removed by any diamond crowns, the tool location coordinates at any time, the heating temperature of the diamond singlelayer crown, the distribution of mechanical stresses. The authors compared the modeling of the same drilling processes using different software products. The features, modeling accuracy of drilling processes are revealed. The computer simulation of drilling processes is grounded. The paper demonstrates the advantages of computer simulation over the experiment.

The paper explores the key problems of establishing the type of negative information and differentiating between facts and opinions. This is one of the most challenging problems of forensic linguistics that requires a robust methodological framework to be tackled successfully. When faced with this problem, the expert has to deal with the ambiguity of terminology and wording of questions, as well as the complexity of the object of study – the semantics of statements encountered in acts of speech. The paper analyzes the content of key terms traditionally used to address this forensic problem, and offers a possible solution. The so-called “factual square” is a method based on analyzing a statement against four semantic parameters: presence of statement of past action; verifiability of this statement on the basis of specificity of description of the action and its potential observability; lack of alternative, i.e. indication of a different possibility; the purpose of conveying negative information. The paper also analyzes the basic types of factual information and offers specific examples of semantic analysis of statements using the proposed approach.

The traditional approaches to decoding shortened block codes are the padding of received codeword with zeros or correction of the syndrome polynomial values. Such approaches make stream-oriented decoding of continuous input data stream impossible. The paper offers a new technique for decoding the shortened Reed-Solomon codes. Its hardware implementation allows us to provide stream processing, reduce latency in clock cycles, and decrease a required quantity of hardware resources as compared to decoder implementation with padding of received packet with zeros. A distinctive feature of the proposed technique is that the decoder processes a stream of code words of different lengths without changing their structure and insertion of additional delays and that it is possible to use the modules of existing Reed-Solomon decoders for full codeword length. To enable this, a notion of error locator corrector for shortened code is introduced and a technique of their calculation is offered. Error locator correctors are calculated during the reception of a codeword in parallel to syndrome polynomial calculation. Their values allow us to modify the polynomial values of locators and errors at the output of the key equation solver. The paper considers a shortened code decoder that is implemented on the full code decoder modules based on Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, describes architecture of additional modules and required modifications of the algorithm. It shows the way to save hardware resources by using the multipliers in Berlekemp-Massey key equation solver to correct values. The Altera FPGA-based decoder has been tested in and compared to the Reed-Solomon II decoder IP from Altera.

Prospects for space robotics concern both the development of used prototypes to extend the capabilities and the creation of new classes of systems, the operating analogues of which are, currently, unavailable. Thus, a uniqueness of the objects of space robotics, extreme operating conditions, difficulty in full-scale ground work and tests define a variety of design solutions and a wide scope of issues for further theoretical and experimental studies. The paper highlights the tasks successfully solved up to date, involving the space robotics equipment that was used in orbital environment, those of currently solved, involving the robotics equipment that is in use, and the long-term objectives, following from the logic of the space technology development to define the ways of its further development and require a development and creation of new equipment of space robotics. Thus, the development trends of space robotics are largely defined by its history of development, on the one hand, and by a growing demand for the robotic service as applied to the promising objects of space technology, on the other one. The paper considers the trends of space robotics development, which are a consequence of the natural logic of its development and are determined by a demand for advanced objects of space technology in robotic servicing. Highlights the most important elements of a design concept and the creating and operating features of the multipurpose extendable space systems, including those, which have no analogues and prototypes, are rolled into one demand for automation, and associated with their creation, operation, and problems of utilization. The concept of assembly and service autonomous robotic space modules has been under consideration. Within the orbital assembly procedure, the typical dynamic modes, relevant in terms of practical implementation of controlled movement are highlighted.

In this paper, we suggest to use hybrid approach to time series forecasting problem. In first part of paper, we create a literature review of time series forecasting methods based on hybrid neural networks and neuro-fuzzy approaches. Hybrid neural networks especially effective for specific types of applications such as forecasting or classification problem, in contrast to traditional monolithic neural networks. These classes of problems include problems with different characteristics in different modules. The main part of paper create a detailed overview of hybrid networks benefits, its architectures and performance under traditional neural networks. Hybrid neural networks models for time series forecasting are discussed in the paper. Experiments with modular neural networks are given.

The aim of the paper is to consider the characteristics of the electronic textbook as the subject of the information-educational environment, which ensures the unity both of the procedural and substantive aspects of training.Results. The evolution of views on the electronic textbook in the course of the expansion and awareness of the didactic potential of information and communication technologies is shown. The structure of the electronic textbook is presented in the paper. It includes the following modules: information (invariant content of education and the expansion of its variability); organizational and procedural (variable-based assignments aimed at acquiring information, as well as a means of reflection and evaluation of results); personal (information and telecommunication means of organizing own knowledge); communicative (the field of information and assessment of interaction); and pedagogical (monitoring cognitive activity of students). The structure has been developed with due regard to the need of independent work of a student with the content of education in information and educational environment.Scientific novelty. The features of the independent work of the student in terms of abundance of information through information and communication technologies are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the development of independent cognitive activity of students, their subject position in education. On this bases, the key position that should be considered during the development of the electronic textbook are specified: cognitive activity is considered as an active process of constructing students’ new knowledge based on earlier formed personal experience; personal experience arises as a result of intellectual and cognitive activity of the student; cognition of something new requires an activity in the field of social communication; the efficiency of absorption of the content of education depends on the conditions of implementation of each student’s value preferences, intellectual capabilities and features.Practical significance. The paper is provided with generalisation of existing visions of electronic textbooks. The research material can be useful both to implementers of such educational means, and the teachers mastering new forms of work with schoolchildren

The paper investigates the potential of the intelligent data processing tools presently implemented by economists, marketers and business analytics for solving the economic problems of synthesis and prognostication of financial processes based on quantitative and qualitative indicators. The adaptation of the above methods for pedagogical data processing and implementation in educational process can improve the education management quality and control. The paper presents the theoretical and practical aspects of the intelligent data analysis in pedagogy, the relevance of the problem being substantiated. The author looks at the origination and formation of the intelligent data analysis and gives the estimation examples of qualitative characteristics of teaching process, as well as the students’ personal characteristics based on the Data mining resources. The author recommends the ways for developing the patterns underlying the Data mining methods. The given approach in combination with the modern software tools can provide the data processing related to education management, i.e. pedagogical monitoring, identification of aspects affecting educational outcomes, early correction of educational department activities, etc. В работе рассмотрены возможности существующих средств интеллектуальной обработки данных, которые в настоящее время активно используются экономистами, маркетологами и бизнес-аналитиками и позволяют на основе анализа количественных и качественных экономических показателей решать вопросы синтеза и прогнозирования финансово-экономических процессов. Адаптация данных методов дляобработки педагогической информации и широкое их внедрение в образовательный процесс могут резко повысить качество управления обучением и контроль над ним. В статье обсуждаются теоретические и практические аспекты применения интеллектуального анализа данных в педагогике, обоснована актуальность данной темы. Проанализированы этапы возникновения и становления направления интеллектуального анализа данных. Продемонстрированы примеры оценивания качественных характеристик учения и личностных характеристик студентов с помощью средств Data Mining.Автором предложены подходы к составлению шаблонов, лежащих в основе методов Data Mining, которые в совокупности с применением современных программных средств дают возможность производить обработку материалов педагогического мониторинга, выявлять факторы, оказывающие влияние на результат обучения, своевременно корректировать дальнейшую работу учебного заведения, т. е. осуществлять педагогическое управление.

The paper deals with the current problem of modern education – developing the many-sided background for preschool children’s learning activities. At the given stage it is necessary to develop the algorithmic skills – the capability of and readiness for solving different kinds of problems in the strict sequence of operations according to the given patterns. Such algorithmic skills have a meta-disciplinary character and can be developed in class and at home. The paper highlights the algorithmic skills components (personal, regulatory, cognitive and communicative) and the key indicators of their formation. The method for developing the algorithmic skills of preschool children is given including the three age related stages: ability to perform the linear algorithms (middle group), working with the branched cyclic algorithms (senior group), mastering the acquired skills and ability to perform some self- dependent tasks (preparatory group). The paper is addressed to the specialists working in the preschool educational sphere: preschool teachers, methodists, psychologists, directors of kindergartens.

This paper analyzes the influence of communication structures on knowledge dynamics. Communication networks theory and methodology are combined with author’s perspective on knowledge, based on autopoiesis theory. Key concepts of network approach are contextualized according to the focus of the paper. We analyze the influence of certain structural factors in communication networks on knowledge fields emergence and development. Relational dynamics and co-evolution of cohesive subgroups in communication networks are analysed as the factors of knowledge transformations in the process of structural coupling between operationally closed distributed cognition systems.

Currently, organization of monitoring complex spatial structures is a particularly relevant task. A classical representative of this class of structures is hydraulic valve ones, in particular floodgates. This class of structures is of particular interest in the fact that systems for monitoring their operational state must meet rather strict requirements because of the monitoring object operation:-structure operates at the air-water media junction;-has long lifetime;-has movable structural elements;-has significantly different operating conditions within the navigation and inter-navigation period.This paper offers to meet requirements through the remote design of deflection measurement (no sensors on the object for monitoring), and evaluate rapidly due to data processing, using reduced models and matrix recovery.The paper presents a technique for selecting the optimum in terms of identifying the current load, the number of measurement points and their relative position. It suggests an approach that allows us to recover the active stresses by measured displacements and determine design elements, the stiffness of which is different from the project stiffness. With available model of design and active forces it is possible to determine a residual error of actual measurements and calculation results by measuring the displacement at the points the number of which exceeds the number of linearly independent loading. This residual error can be interpreted as a result of unsuspected active force or as a deviation of structure rigidity from the project one. This paper gives an upper estimate of stresses and defines possible places of stiffness degradation simultaneously using the same set data.The presented material is based on the test cases and shows the results of choosing measurement points for the floodgate No 7 of Moscow Canal.

The paper considers an issue of object registration in the image through the generalized Hough transform with uncompensated geometric distortions being available. It proposes the method of geometric distortion correction and the method of parameter space normalization. The paper shows that the proposed algorithms require a relatively small amount of computations, but significantly improve the reliability of object detection. The paper may be of interest to professionals working in the field of pattern recognition as well as to graduate and undergraduate students attending lectures on the pattern recognition.

The purpose of this paper is to study and find the ways to improve the reliability of onboard laser ranging system (LRS) used to control the spacecraft rendezvous and descent. The onboard LRS can be implemented with optical-mechanical scanner and without it. The paper analyses the key factors, which influence on the reliability of both LRS. Reliability of LRS is pretty much defined by the reliability of the laser source and its radiation mode. Solid-state diode-pumped lasers are primarily used as a radiation source. The radiation mode, which is defined by requirements for measurement errors of range and speed affect their reliability. The basic assumption is that the resource of solid state lasers is determined by the number pulses of pumping diodes. The paper investigates the influence of radiation mode of solid-state laser on the reliability function when measuring a passive spacecraft rendezvous dosing velocity using a differential method. With the measurement error, respectively, 10 m for range and 0.6 m/s for velocity a reliability function of 0.99 has been achieved. Reducing the measurement error of velocity to 0.5 m/s either results in reduced reliability function

The current system of higher education has a focus on fundamentalization, through which students receive the necessary basic knowledge for self-education and the formation of a unified worldview scientific theory in the learning process. Mathematics occupies a special place in the system of Sciences. In training of future teachers of computer technologies mathematics has a significant role and is an important component of basic training. The paper presents the main objectives of mathematical training of students in information science, defines the concepts of "mathematical culture", "math training" and "algorithmic thinking" and describes their relationships. On the basis of mathematical training of students it is possible to form mathematical culture and algorithmic thinking. The paper discusses the main factors influencing low level of quality of mathematical training of future Computer Technologies teachers: a drop in the quality of mathematical training of University entrants, clip-thinking of contemporary students, the low interest of students to studying of disciplines of a mathematical cycle. To solve this problem, tha authors proposed a comprehensive approach based on the combination of methodological approaches, such as differentiated, system and personal-activity. Also, a hypothesis is proposed about the efficient use of information technology in teaching mathematics to increase the level of mathematical training of future Computer technologies teachers.

The paper considers the process of algorithmization of reference security models implemented on the basis of the existing formal security models. Main approaches to practical implementation of reference security models in a key of identifying potential areas for improvement are studied. The paper describes the analysis of constraints of models for synthesis based on their formal reference model amenable to implementation in a software algorithm for subsequent practical security analysis of real systems. On the basis of a formalized model graph is built which combines multiple information security vulnerabilities and attack methods of realization of the consequences for the security systems on the basis of which controllable models of real systems can be created. An algorithm of the semi-automatic analysis of the security of corporate automated systems is developed.

The current paper examines the features of a film review as a specific genre from the perspective of discursive pedagogy and the ways of expressing opinions and evaluations as genre and text characteristics. The paper also offers a set of tasks for Linguistics students in which they learn how to write film reviews within a writing course. A film review is considered a polydiscursive text combining different types of discourses: discours of a reviewer, of a film director, of the film itself, of some other people, of some other films, etc. We also treat a film review as an interdiscursive text, as a discourse about another discourse. The specific features of a discursive medium of a film review determine the structure of the film review, which a teacher should bear in mind when working with students. A film review is a secondary text based on the film, its main function is to give opinions on a film. Opinions are represented in all parts of a film review. Different lexical, grammatical and stylistic means of language are employed to express evaluations and opinions. A given set of tasks will teach students how to analyse film reviews and how to create their own film reviews in a foreign language, which helps to form professionally-important communicative abilities of prospective translators

Objectives.The modern world is associated with a clear dependence on it. The number of consumers is growing exponentially. In order to minimize the costs of enterprises, an assumption was made about the rationality of the number of nuclear power plants. When considering the timing of the construction of nuclear complexes, an excessive duration of the manufacture of power and control equipment for nuclear power plants was revealed. In order to reduce time costs, it was proposed to standardize the work of assembly, assembly and packaging production associations.Method.Research in this area was practically not carried out and were, often, of an episodic nature. Initially, it was believed that the operations of the technological process of manufacturing equipment should be rationalized by classical methods, however, in the previous works of the author, a new approach was proposed, based on the analysis of the characteristics of the employee employed in the technical process, the specifics of the type of operational work, as well as various disturbing factors that negatively affect the production time. Then the systematization of the obtained data and their further modeling is carried out.Results. The paper shows the derivation of the final equation for the assembly of the frame of power and control equipment for nuclear power plants. The substantiation of the applied methods was given, the target audience was indicated, the regulatory framework was taken into account. In addition, the results of previous works are shown, on the basis of which the mathematical model was built. Separately, recommendations were given on the additional use of the functions of the resulting equation.Conclusion.The equation obtained in the work makes it possible to calculate with maximum accuracy the time spent on assembling the frame of the power and control equipment for a nuclear power plant. The principles shown in other works can be used in an area that has directionality with minimal model change.

The quality of service (QoS) in networking is the process of managing network resources to reduce packet loss and to lower network jitter and latency. QoS has been widely used in traditional network and can also be implemented in the 5G standard based on a software-defined network (SDN). A traditional network carries several challenges, such as vendor dependency, the complexity of managing a large network, dynamically changing forwarding policies, and more. Software-defined networking is a new networking strategy designed to address the challenges of a traditional IP network, such as high levels of complexity and inability to adapt to the new quality of service requirements in a timely manner. The fundamental idea behind SDNs compared to the conventional networking paradigm is the creation of horizontally integrated systems through the separation of the control and the data plane while providing an increasingly sophisticated set of abstractions. Recently, various SDN-enabled QoS frameworks have emerged that offer many possibilities for network reconfiguration and high-level definition of policies. QoS requirements for 5G networks have been defined on the basis of three main categories of use cases: extreme mobile broadband (xMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC) IoT/M2M devices, and highly reliable М2М-communication (ultra-reliable machine-type communications – uMTC). This paper analyzes and surveys the QoS based on the openflow protocol method and QoS based on open-source SDN controllers method in 5G network. In addition, we discuss various architectural issues of open-source SDN controllers network and examine their impact on the QoS. Furthermore, we outline the characteristics of the QoS parameters such as latency, availability, reliability, jitter, and bandwidth in the 5G network. Finally, the article discusses and compares parameters of the QoS in 5G determined by world’s leaders in 5G technology.

This paper aims to develop a theory of statistical observation in terms of scientific and methodological approaches to processing big data and to determine the possibilities of integrating information resources of various types to measure complex latent categories (using the example of social comfort) and to apply this experience in practice through the use of the financial situation indicators in forecasting. The authors have built a social comfort model in which the choice of weights for its components is based on a modified principal component analysis. The assessment is based on Google Trends data and official statistics. Google Trends data analysis methods are based on the development of an integrated approach to the semantic search for information about the components of social comfort, which reduces the share of author’s subjectivity; methodology of primary processing, considering the principles of comparability, homogeneity, consistency, relevance, description of functions and models necessary for the selection and adjustment of search queries. The proposed algorithm for working with big data allowed to determine the components of social comfort (“Education and Training”, “Safety”, “Leisure and free time”), for which it is necessary to directly integrate big data in the system of primary statistical accounting with further data processing and obtaining composite indicators. The authors conclude that a stable significant correlation has been found for the “Financial Situation” component, which makes it possible to use it for further calculations and extrapolation of financial indicators. The scientific novelty lies in the development of principles and directions for the integration of two alternative data sources when assessing complex latent categories. The findings and the results of the integral assessment of social comfort can be used by state statistics authorities to form a new type of continuous statistical observation based on the use of big data, as well as by executive authorities at the federal, regional and municipal levels in terms of determining the priorities of socio-economic policy development.

Introduction. The development of robotics in many advanced countries has raised various industries to a high level. The demand for robots increases the share of their use in production tasks, mainly in the motor-vehicle and electronics industries. Advanced robotics can increase productivity in many industries by 30%, while reducing labor costs. Automation of technological processes of electronics production has a positive impact on the use of robots. Robots are used in construction, logistics, oil and gas, aerospace, plant engineering and construction, mining, healthcare, etc. The authors consider robots from the point of view of their application in medicine for the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal patients. This paper describes the mechanisms for controlling the feet and the center of mass of a humanoid robot.Materials and Methods. The authors chose the simplest algorithm for searching for the law of motion control of a humanoid robot. The robot movement was presented as a reverse pendulum. Using the large kinematic redundancy of walking robots, we have developed a way to control the robot in such a way as to bring the dynamics of its movement to the reverse pendulum as close as possible. At the same time, the problem of determining the generalized coordinates is considered, at which a given position and orientation of the transferred foot and a given position of the projection of the center of mass (CM) of the robot onto the reference surface are provided.Results. The authors have developed a digitalized automatic control scheme for the movement of the feet and the center of mass of the human exoskeleton, which will largely reduce the load on a sick person.Discussion and Conclusions. When discussing the results, comparing the data of the tables obtained during the calculation, the following conclusion was made. The scheme for controlling the feet movement of a human exoskeleton developed by the authors is most effective when designing an automatic scheme for controlling the movement of the feet and the center of mass of a human exoskeleton using digital technology, which will largely reduce the load on a sick person.

Integrated circuits, systems on a chip are the key links in various industrial systems and state defense systems. The emergence of counterfeit integrated circuits, problems of piracy, overproduction, unauthorized interference in the design of microcircuit, hardware Trojans require the development of methods and means of their timely detection. Trojans can be introduced into the integrated circuits structure both on the development stage and during the production process, including the stages of specification, design, verification and manufacturing. The inclusion of additional elements in the integrated circuits structure jeopardizes the functional suitability and reliability of the system as a whole. For the purpose of hardware protection of projects, the methods of hardware coding are currently used.The paper discusses the features and reliability of logical coding of combinational circuits. An algorithm for cracking the code of combinational circuits is proposed, based on the description of encoded structure by the resolution function and reducing the problem to SAT CNF. The initial data for decoding the structure of a digital device is the structural implementation of encoded circuit, obtained, for example, by reverse engineering (prototype design), as well as an activated physical sample of an integrated circuit, when into protected from unauthorized access memory the correct key value is loaded. This sample can be used as a black box model. The main idea of breaking a key is to solve a problem without research on a large interval of values of input and output variables.