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Purpose of the study.To form proposals for improving the organization of the radiology diagnostics service in Oncology.Materials and methods.In 2019, the opinion of radiation diagnostics doctors (n=230) on the availability and quality of radiation studies for cancer patients was studied. The obtained empirical data were statistically processed with the calculation of intensive and extensive indicators, average values (M±δ) with a risk of error of 0.05. The student's t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of differences. The original data had a normal distribution. Individual parameters of the research results were given a score.Results.Radiologists highly rated the quality of their primary specialization for working with cancer patients (4.6 ± 0.3 points) and further postgraduate education (4.2 ± 0.8 points), but 38.6% need to deepen this knowledge. The respondents indicated that patients are not sufficiently informed about radiation studies, including: about the methods (67.3%); about contraindications (34.3%); about the procedure for obtaining a conclusion (30.8%); about the established waiting times (21.7%); about the procedure for pre-registration (15.6%). 33.9% of doctors pointed to the unreasonableness of radiological examinations in certain cases in cancer patients. According to the respondents, it will improve the quality and availability of medical care for cancer patients: additional training of radiologists (70.0%) and clinicians (42.6%); equipping medical institutions (38.2%), a separate procedure for routing cancer patients to radiological research (44.7%); increasing the staff of radiologists (36.1%) and nurses (17.4%); using telemedicine technologies (31,7%); excluding cases of unjustified referral of patients to research (27.3%); uninterrupted operation of medical equipment (27.3%).Conclusion.The results of the study revealed systemic shortcomings in the organization of the radiation diagnostics service in providing medical care to patients with cancer, the elimination of which will improve the system of organizing medical care for them, improve its quality and accessibility.

The growing instability in labour markets, restructuring and downsizing workforce, precariatization and staff flexibilization underlie the increasing importance of a psychological contract and employees’ confidence in their employer in modern labour relations. The study aims to explore the role of trust and psychological contract in HR management at an enterprise. The methodological basis includes psychological contract theory and the concept of transition contract. Using the results of an annual sociological survey performed in five countries with different models of economic development (Russia, Nzech, Latvia, Pakistan and Italy), the authors try to identify the similarities and differences of these countries regarding the way in which the existing conditions of employee-employer relationships influence the fulfilment of explicit and latent aspects of a psychological contract. We identify the major reasons behind mismatches between employees’ and employers’ expectations that cause mistrust, uncertainty and erosion of labour relations. Empirical data obtained in 2015–2017 during the survey of employees in various economic sectors allow us to draw a conclusion about the multiplicity of forms of a psychological contract breach, to conduct a comparative analysis of the trends prevailing in the countries under consideration, as well as to identify their similar and distinctive features. The authors are certain that managers should understand the significance of trust and a psychological contract in HR management and take it into consideration when developing a human resource management strategy.

Purpose. To develop an artificial neural network for diagnosing and predicting the development of cholecystitis based on an analysis of data on risk factors, and to explore the possibilities of its application in real clinical practice. Materials and methods. The collection of materials was held in at the hospitals of the city of Kursk and included a survey of 488 patients with hepatopancreatoduodenal diseases. 203 patients were suffering from cholecystitis, in 285 patients the diagnosis of cholecystitis was excluded. Analysis of risk factors’ data (such as sex, age, bad habits, profession, family relationships, etc.) was carried out using an internally developed artificial neural network (multilayer perceptron with hyperbolic tangent as the activation function). The computer program “System of Intellectual Analysis and Diagnosis of Diseases” was registered in accordance with established procedure (Certificate No. 2017613090). Results. The use of neural network analysis of data on risk factors in comparison with the processing of information that forms a clinical picture allows the diagnosis of a potential disease with cholecystitis before the onset of symptoms. The training of the artificial neural network with a quantitative output coding the age of probable hospitalization made it possible to generate an array of values, signifficantly (α ≤ 0.001) not differing from the empirical data. The difference between the mean calculated and mean empirical values was 0.45 for the training set and 1.75 for the clinical approbation group. The mean absolute error was within the range of 1.87–2.07 years. Conclusion. 1. The proposed new approach to the diagnosis and prognosis of cholecystitis has demonstrated its effectiveness, which is confirmed in clinical approbation by the levels of sensitivity (94.44%, m = 2.26) and specificity (80.6%, m = 3.9). 2. The error in predicting the age of probable hospitalization of patients with cholecystitis did not exceed 2.29 and 2.38 years for p = 0.95 and p = 0.99, respectively.

The object of attention in the article is the profitability and efficiency of the banks in Republic of Bulgaria. The subject of the development focuses onto the influence of the credit institutions size upon their financial results. The objective of this study is to either to reveal that there are sufficient grounds to believe that the effect of the scale renders its influence upon the profitability and efficiency indicators or such a dependency can hardly be found. This study comprises observations about the processes in the banking sector of the country for the period 2007–2016. A coefficient analysis was employed, using a system of indicators suitably selected to this end. Certain dependency between the size of the banks in Bulgaria and the values of these financial indicators was established on the basis of the analysis of the real empirical data. It was concluded that utilizing the scale effect influence the large credit institutions manage to derive certain advantages in comparison to the smaller in size banks. The idea that by means of further consolidation of the banking sector of the country its efficiency can be increased, was substantiated.

In the article the directions of expansion of the complex approach to the assessment of the influence of the external environment on the regional socio-economic system are considered. The authors propose an approach based on mathematical modeling of the main indicators of the development of the region. Empirical data for the development of models has become the departmental expenditure structure of the Bryansk region of the Department of Economic Development and the indicators presented for the development of the forecast of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2019. When forming a model of indicators of socio-economic development of the region, approximating functions were obtained, limited by the range of specified values of departmental expenditures of the budget of the Bryansk region for 2012-2019. And acting as an interpolating relationship. For the optimal selection of the parameters of the equations, the method of least squares was used. Practical implementation of the conceptual model for assessing the impact of the external environment on the regional socio-economic system determines the need for its automation. The information advisory system developed on the basis of the presented model will allow to automate the process of supporting the adoption of the management decision. The obtained model for assessing the influence of the external environment on the regional socio-economic system is an information and analytical system for monitoring the regional situation as the basis for subsequent management decisions.

The article considers the relationship between the development of Ural cities and institutions of higher education there. The topic of the study is relevant as there is a need to find resources for socio-economic, demographic, and sociocultural development of the medium-sized, big and large cities of the Ural Federal District (UFD). Many of these cities have been under the crisis. In our view, one of the ways to overcome it is to develop there the universities and branches of higher education institutions. We focus on the relationships and dependencies between contradictory processes in higher education and constructive and destructive trends of the dynamics of the Ural cities. For the first time, on the theoretical level and empirical data, we show the conditions and limitations for the city-preserving function of universities. This function is closely connected with the «third mission» of the university. We prove that under conditions of social and economic uncertainty, the universities and strong branches of universities can be the key factor in preserving middle-sized, big and large cities. With the results of the case studies of three UFD cities ' Nizhny Tagil, Surgut, Tobolsk, we show the necessity of feedback between the city and the university. The study of higher education in these cities confirmed the connection between the degradation of educational institutions and recent negative trends ' youth migration, and then ' social and economic decline of the city. We have argued the need for mutual support of educational institutions and urban actors. The city-preserving function of universities can be implemented under the condition of the university-preserving activities of university management, urban community, urban and the regional authorities. In our opinion, the strategies of cities should include provisions on the universities' preservation and interaction with them as with mechanisms enabling cities to act as the main agents of socio-economic and socio-cultural development of the Ural Federal District. The results of the research can become a basis for the improvement of UFD educational policy as well as for the development of strategies for medium-sized, big and large cities of the region. © 2018 Economy of Region. All rights reserved. Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 16–18–10046 The article has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 16–18–10046 “The formation of nonlinear model of the Russian higher education in the region in the context of economic and social uncertainty”.

Breast cancer (ВС) is a common malignant disease of the female reproductive system. Currently we have many treatment strategies given location depending on the clinical data. Radiation therapy is an important component in a comprehensive program of treatment for ВС. Despite the fact that often use a single dose fractionation regime 1.8–2 Gy daily fractions to a total of 50 Gy in 5 weeks, do not run out to try to find new modes of fractionation. According to published research results hypofractionated regimes, we can conclude that the approaches to the value of the dose per fraction, the number of fractions and the time of treatment differ. Dose per fraction ranged from 2.66 to 3.2 Gy, and more recently have been tested modes with a single dose of 6 Gy. Empirical data from these studies are important, but must also be aware of the possibility of applying mathematical methods for computing the probability of cure of the tumor and the occurrence of radiation complications. It is necessary for an individual approach to each patient, picking up for some clinical cases the optimal mode of fractionation. In addition, the search continues and improvement fractionation regimes, and the results of clinical trials can tell a lot about how good the chosen model. In work the opportunity of application of the synthesized mathematical model (SM model), intended for description of NTCP, to the description of probability of local treatment of early stages of the ВС.