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The content of the article up consists in methodological reflections about general principles of experimenting in linguistics on the whole and in Russian linguistics in particular. In this regard the article deals with the studies which are within the tradition starting in the works of I. A. Baudeuine de Courtenay, L. V. Sherba and other linguists who thought the address to the language consciousness (language feeling) to give the relevant information about the language itself. The other line is the reflection over axiomatization and absolutization of this principle in modern anthropocentric linguistics. Though these two lines present different subjects coming from different sources and different research presumptions, they are put in close connection and interrelation. In conclusion, the author states that a full and deep view of language cannot be created without studies based on the other contrary presumption.

The paper sums up the experimental linguistic research of Russian words and texts carried out by the group of Western Siberia linguists under the supervision of the author of this paper. The experiments were based on different materials, they used different forms and ways of experimenting. The paper presents the attempt of realizing and reflecting their set as some entity united by the main principles of making experiments and peculiarities of their realization in hindsight. The paper presents two directions: methodical and methodological. The first direction, presented in Paper 1, consists in the collection and systematization of the positive experience of particular experimenting. As a result of its realization the following principles of experimenting are pointed out and described: word inclusion into the context; seriality; paradigmatic and syntagmatic organization; approximation of the experimental situation to the real speech situations. According to the author, such generalizations can be useful for other researchers to conduct similar experiments.

This paper presents the results of thermodynamic and experimental studies of plasma-thermal processing of ash with the production of fuel gas and inert mineral material are presented. Plasma-thermal processing of ash and slag wastes consists in their heating, pyrolysis and melting to remove residual carbon and obtain a neutral melt, the storage and use of which after cooling does not cause environmental problems. Ash from Ekibastuz coal, which is widely used in the energy sector of Kazakhstan, is taken as ash and slag waste, which is a set of components of the mineral mass of coal and unburned carbon. Calculations have shown that during the plasma-thermal processing of ash and slag waste, combustible gas is obtained with a CO concentration of up to 86.8% and a calorific value of 8752 kJ/kg and a melt of mineral components that does not contain harmful impurities. The plasma reactor is a melting chamber covered by an electromagnetic coil. The chamber has the shape of an equilateral triangle in section, with three inclined immersed graphite electrodes at its corners. The reactor was started up by shorting the power electrodes to a bulk graphite track. After obtaining the melt channel, the heating of ash and slag waste continues due to the conduction currents between the power electrodes through the resulting melt. To homogenize the melt, it is stirred electromagnetically. The melt productivity of the reactor was 100 kg/h at its temperature of 1923 K and specific energy consumption of 0.96 kW h/kg. Both in calculations and in experiments, no harmful impurities were found in the products of plasma processing of the investigated wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the potential of linguistic capacity as one of the key adaptive mechanisms of a communicant in the Internet-mediated communication. The methodological platform of the research is the autopoiesis theory developed by Chilean scientists U. Maturana and Fr. Varela which allows to model communication as an interaction between a communicant and his/her niche. It seems that the process of adaptation, its orientation and nature are primarily determined by the adaptive mechanisms that a communicant employs such as linguistic capacity. Receiving stimuli from the niche, a communicant chooses a response strategy in terms of the hierarchy of factors, and then uses one or more adaptive mechanisms to implement it. Linguistic capacity of a communicant plays a significant role both in the process of perception and understanding of the original message, and in the formulation of a response. Within this format, it seems relevant to study the features of communicants’ behavior with a certain level of linguistic capacity and identify plausible patterns of their communicative behavior. This paper puts forward a hypothesis about the influence of linguistic capacity on the perception and further communicants’ behavior, dwells on an experimental research aimed at identifying the specifics of the influence of linguistic capacity on communicative behavior. The participants of this experimental study are Russian-speaking bilinguals and native English-speakers. The study has unveiled some features of the influence of the level of linguistic capacity on the perception and understanding of the original message as well as the choice of a strategy for a response. The revealed discrepancies appear to be culturally-based which confirms the hypothesis and acts as a basis for further investigation.

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The article presents approaches to defining quality criteria for pedagogical experimental research. Particular attention is paid to the evidence-based approach in pedagogy. It is argued that pedagogical research today is an integral part of the educational process and dissertations on pedagogical sciences. However, it should be noted that there are problems with the quality of such studies, which constitute a significant share of the total number of defended dissertations, and this causes an urgent need to develop methodological principles and criteria for assessing their quality. But it is not every pedagogical research that is the subject of this paper: its focus is on the methodological foundations of experimental pedagogical research or simply experimental research in pedagogy, which often do not meet the requirements of the scientific method. The authors analyzed the main topics of pedagogical research in Russia and abroad. The key results and conclusions of the study are the complex requirements for dissertations as a scientific product and pedagogical research, which determine the algorithm for obtaining proven, reliable data used in science. It is concluded that experimental research in the field of pedagogy should be carried out in accordance with the requirements for all empirical research. In particular, special attention is paid to ethical issues of pedagogical research and procedures for implementing the experimental method.

Copyright of Refrigeration Engineering & Technology is the property of Odesa National University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Refrigeration Engineering & Technology is the property of Odesa National University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aiming at the problem of excessive mechanical loss of the conventional vane compressor, this paper proposes a novel vane compressor structure. This compressor can significantly reduce the mechanical frictional loss through converting sliding friction between vane tip and cylinder into rolling friction by using a rolling bearing. The structure and operation principle are introduced in this paper, and mechanical friction loss calculation models of these two kinds of compressor are theoretically analyzed. The results show that mechanical loss of the novel vane compressor can be reduced by nearly 38% under the same working conditions. At the same time, the actual tested results indicated that the total power consumption of compressor decreased 160,1 W (6,89%), and the COP increased by 11,89%

Introduction. The paper researches the sphere of paving with a roller. The authors describe the current situation in the asphalt concrete’s application as a road surface. Moreover, the authors conduct the excursion into the history of material. The paper presents the preconditions that justify the need for creating recommendations, schemes and methods for experimental study of the working body and material under laboratory conditions of various kinds. The aim of the study is to create the stand concept and methods for experimental research of the roller’s working body in the laboratory.Materials and methods. The paper described a laboratory stand for experiments in the sphere of roller’s working equipment. The authors demonstrated the construction made of a base, a stiffener box, guides and a movable part with a frame and equipment, suspended above the compacted material’s container.Results. As a result, the authors presented the detailed methodology for conducting experiments and recommendations for its transformation in the considered sphere. The paper showed all the necessary data for the design, construction of the test bench and experiments with the roller’s working equipment. Discussion and conclusions. Researchers, especially beginners, receive an additional tool for study of dependencies and phenomena that occur during compaction of material by the roller. Therefore, the authors develops the scheme for the research of the roller’s working body in small area conditions and in extensive laboratories.

The paper presents the results of experimental design of a cortex of the embedded stress sensor, which allows to determine stresses in the cross-section of large-scale laboratory monolithic structures made on the basis of mineral and polymer binders (concrete, gypsum, etc.). The objectives of the design were to develop a constructive solution of the stress sensor housing based on strain gauges, which has small dimensions, low manufacturing cost, as well as high resolution and stability of readings over the entire sensitivity area (stress up to 400 kgf/cm2).The stress sensor allows to determine the stress in laboratory structures with high accuracy, without significantly affecting the stress-strain state of the section at different stages of operation of the structural element.

The paper focuses on the findings of the experiment, which involved Russian native speakers aged between 17 and 24 (both males and females). The objective of the experiment was to derive an algorithm of communicative behavior of interpersonal communication's participants and to determine the sequence of verbal / non-verbal actions of a communicant in various situations. The experiment is based upon the theoretical foundations of the autopoiesis theory by H. Maturana and F. Varela, which views communication as a natural response of the living system to a dissonance occurring between it and its niche. On the basis of this theoretical premise we can model communicative behavior of a person as a non-linear sequence of verbal / non-verbal actions. Their features and the very number of such actions hinge on the relevance of dissonance-triggering factors for the communicant. The statistical analysis and the interpretation outlined in the paper help unveil whether such communicative behavior is stereotypical or is determined by the communicant's personality. To uncover group-related characteristics of communicative behavior with a focus on gender and society-determined characteristics, the cluster of subjects has been further subdivided into smaller and more unified clusters. The trends identified have been scrutinized, interpreted and supported with relevant examples of the subjects' responses.

The paper discusses peculiarities of the resonance proton scattering use for the beam parameters control of the electrostatic accelerators. The expediency of the use has been confirmed by experiment. Peculiarities are caused because elastic resonance scattering through the stage of compound nucleus is always accompanied by potential and Coulomb scattering. These three components interfere and for that reason the resonance form depends on a scattering angle and total angular moment of a compound nucleus level. However, possessing necessary information in the given field of nuclear spectroscopy enables the selection of resonance with the characteristics suitable for the calibration purpose. Considerable increase of the scattering cross section in the resonance region saves the time and simplifies the experiment technical maintenance. The experiments were performed at the 10 MeV tandem accelerator of the Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, after its modernization. Silicon and oxygen were used as the targets. Silicon targets were of two types of thickness: 1) the target of complete absorption, 2) the target with the thickness in which the loss of protons energy exceeded the width of the selected resonance. The elastic and non elastic scattering from silicon were used in region of the 3,100 MeV proton energy resonance. Oxygen target, as component of the surface oxidizing layer on beryllium had the thickness which in terms of the loss of proton energy was less than the width of the selected elastic narrow resonance at 3,470 MeV proton energy. As result of the measurement the corrections concerning the energy scale of the accelerator and protons energy spread in the beam were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance of the work is related to the 80th anniversary of the birth of Academician Vladimir E. Nakoryakov. The relevance is defined as well by his role in development of fundamentals of thermal physics, theoretical heat engineering and engineering applications in various industries. The aim of the work is to systematize the most significant works of Vladimir E. Nakoryakov and his colleagues in the main areas of research, to identify the main results obtained by him together with his disciples, to show their importance for science. Results. The authors had made a review of scientific achievements of Academician Vladimir E. Nakoryakov and scientific school in the field of thermal physics and heat engineering established by him. The paper demonstrates the importance of the works in the field of unsteady heat transfer. For the first time he obtained the rated dependences for bodies with classical form at heat transfer in the audio field in the conditions of free convection and forced flow, for burning a drop in the sound field under free convection and forced flow for drop combustion in the sound field of combustion chambers. Based on the experimental results the theoretical explanations of a number of thermal effects in the combustion chambers was give, their relation to the local concentration of heat flows was shown, thus improving the reliability of jet engines. Vladimir E. Nakoryakov contributed significantly to the experimental thermodynamics of multiphase systems and developed the theory of electrodiffusion diagnostic method of single-phase and multiphase fluids. The method was experimentally implemented that allowed solving a wide class of problems of hydrodynamics and mass transfer of two-phase flows. For the first time it was possible to measure the velocity profile of the liquid phase and gas content, the turbulent characteristics of gas-liquid flows. The research of processes in two-phase media led to the development of the theory of wave dynamics of gas-liquid systems. Conclusions. In conclusion the paper introduces the information on recognition of merits of V. E. Nakoryakov by scientific community, academia and public spheres.

The paper considers a technique and a stand for experimental study of the tribological characteristics of materials for high-speed «dry» friction units that implement the «finger-disk» friction scheme. As a result of experimental studies, the tribological characteristics of traditional and promising domestic and foreign self-lubricating materials were determined. A significant dependence of the friction-wear characteristics of self-lubricating materials of high-speed «dry» friction units on the sliding speed has been established. At the same time, the best tribological characteristics in the entire range of sliding speeds from 10 m/s to 40 m/s correspond to the Kryolon-3 material.

The paper deals with the problem of verb choice in potential aspectual competition. The analysis of the most popular interpretations of invariant aspectual meanings suggests that the Imperfective Aspect defines an action itself while the Perfective Aspect defines the action’s limit. If this hypothesis is correct, the opposition of an action and the action’s limit is supposed to stay relevant in any contexts even in case of competition of aspectual modus meanings. Such contexts are considered as a field where verb aspect conveys more distinctive nuance of the action compared to the traditional particular aspectual meanings. However, in such cases verb choice is to be motivated by invariant aspectual meanings as verb choice in any other context. To verify this hypothesis we have conducted an experiment that aimed to identify the rules of the verb choice in potential aspectual competition. The paper considers the results of the part of the experiment that was dedicated to modus meanings. Results of the experiment proved that the opposition of the action and the action’s limit is relevant for Russian native speakers even in case of competition of aspectual modus meanings.

Introduction. The lack of known Middle Neolithic burial complexes in Baikal-Yenisei Siberia makes pottery finds from archaeological sites a key source to explore the cultural and historical situation in the region. According to AMS 14C-dates in the range of ~6,8–6,3 ka cal BP in the territory of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia, two types of ceramics are widespread — Posolsk and Ust-Belaya types. Goals. The study seeks to identify technological and cultural traditions of Middle Neolithic pottery. Materials and methods. The work examines Ust-Belaya and Posolsk type pottery samples from fifteen excavated sites of Baikal-Yenisei Siberia. The paper describes morphological and decorative patterns inherent thereto, provides technical and technological analyses following the methodology of A. Bobrinsky. The molding masses of eighteen Ust-Belaya type vessels and sixteen Posolsk type vessels have been studied with the aid of a binocular microscope. Results. In all cases, ferruginous sandy clay containing quartz sand had served as initial plastic raw material. Molding masses are characterized mainly by an unmixed one-component composition without artificial additives. In two cases, quartz grus has been identified, in another there are traces of organic matter (possibly added intentionally). Vessels of the Posolsk type have closed paraboloid forms with a weak profiling of the upper part and a sharpened bottom. The ornament is localized in the upper part of the vessel and is represented by horizontal ‘receding stick’ rows or drawn lines. The composition below ends with separate shapes, such as triangles or short vertical lines. The rim is decorated with prints of a comb stamp and has a line of round holes which is located over the line made by stick through drawing or receding techniques. The study of molding masses of sixteen Posolsk vessels demonstrates an unmixed one-component composition. In all cases, ferruginous sandy clay had been used as initial plastic raw material. The analysis of the modeling features of Middle Neolithic ceramics makes it possible to formulate hypothetical production programs of theirs. To check the latter, experiments were carried out to model the Ust-Belaya and Posolsk types of vessels. Technical and technological analyses, experiments conducted, and comparisons of models with archaeological vessels reveal technological traditions generally characteristic of Middle Neolithic pottery, such as the method of zonal patchwork modeling in combination with walls knocking out techniques, as well as the use of other vessels as base forms. So, Ust-Belaya vessels could have been completely made on such base forms, while upper parts of Posolsk vessels were profiled after removal from such forms. Knocking out tools for Posolsk ceramics included cord and carved shovels, and for Ust-Belaya type — smooth shovels sometimes wrapped with a woven net. Design patterns of the rim are also different. Conclusions. For the preparatory stage of Middle Neolithic ceramics production, there was a stable tradition of using local sandy clays without additives. The modeling principles common for the two types, along with the absence of flat-bottomed forms, reflect the same level of technological development and similar ideas about the making and functions of vessels, which does not necessarily indicate any ethnocultural closeness of culture bearers. Different traditions of morphology, techniques and decoration indicate that the pottery types belong to different populations. In Posolsk ceramics, there are autochthonous features bringing it closer to the Early Neolithic Khaita pottery. Ceramics of the Ust-Belaya type has no visible origins in the Early Neolithic of the region, which indicates its non-local origin. In addition, the materials of the campsites indicate that the bearers of these traditions had tended to choose different habitats.

The paper presents the results of traceological experiments aimed at obtaining standards of traces that are formed on slate suspensions as a result of their wearing. Some results of an experiment on the use of denticulate slate stamps when applying an ornament to a clay vessel are also considered. These standards were necessary for the verification of previously obtained data on the use-wear research of slate pendants from the Eneolithic burials of the Murzikha II and Tenishevo burial grounds, which were studied in the Republic of Tatarstan, in the area of the Kama – Volga confluence in the second half of the 20th century. These burial grounds have been singled out to a special Ust’-Kama cultural type of the Eneolithic sites. As a result of the experiments, the authors identified two types of traces from wearing slate pendants, which became decisive for the functional identification of artefacts. The experiment also helped to verify the traces on denticulate pendants of the Murzikha II and confirm their use as stamps in the ornamentation of ceramics. However, the presence of linear traces on the teeth of artefact stamps has not yet been reflected on experimental stamps and additional experiments are needed.

Copyright of Refrigeration Engineering & Technology is the property of Odesa National University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper proposes a new method of conducting an experiment to assess the dynamics of the information conflict “Network attack – Protection system” in automated systems. As a result of the application of the methodology, quantitative values of the initial data necessary for assessing the probability and danger of network attacks in automated systems were obtained. The research method implied an experiment that displayed the dynamics of the information conflict “Network attack – Protection system” in automated systems. The authors developed a methodology to determine the quantitative values of the characteristics, as well as the amount of damage from standard network attacks that affect the elements of automated systems. The use of the results makes it possible to observe the course of the information conflict “Network attack – Protection System” in dynamics, to calculate the probabilistic and temporal characteristics of network attacks and to carry out an accurate quantitative assessment of the danger of their implementation in automated systems in the “CPN Tools” and MathCad software environments. The prospects for using the obtained results deal with the construction of particular models of actual attacks and increase of stability of automated systems.

The use of transcritical R744 systems has become increasingly popular in recent years in a variety of different applications. For applications that span a wide temperature range between the heat source and heat sink, the use of two-stage compressor results in numerous advantages in terms of efficiency and compressor discharge temperature. This paper presents experimental data for a transcritical R744 compressor system operating at high heat rejection temperatures. A comprehensive system model was developed and validated with the experimental results. Based on this, the simulation tool was used to further optimize the system design specifically to accommodate the two-stage compression process. The optimum heat transfer area distribution has been determined to simultaneously ensure efficient intercooling at intermediate pressure and gas cooling at the high-pressure level. Simultaneously, the system was also optimized with respect to optimal intermediate pressure and the results show that for this particular system, the optimum intercooler pressure deviated substantially from the standard design approach that uses the geometric mean between suction and discharge pressures

The relevance. Analysis of experts' forecasts shows that the growth in global electricity consumption until 2030 will be 2,4%. Today, the energy generated at thermal power plants is 2/3 of the total energy generated by all sources. For most thermal power plants, coal is the main fuel. The share of thermal power plants burning coal reaches 40%. Burning coal leads to intense emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur,the main consequences of which are deterioration in human health, smog and acid rain. One of the new solutions to the environmental problems of the energy industry is the combustion of biomass (sawmill and forestry waste). According to experts, the volume of timber reserves in Russia exceeds 82·109 m3 and accounts for 25% of the world reserves. Waste from its processing is more than 30·106m3 per year. Environmental requirements for heat and power facilities are constantly growing. This determines the interest in biomass use. The main aim of the research is todetermineexperimentally the dependences of ignition delay times during high-temperature heating of woody biomass of different moisture content using the example of four fairly accessible and widespread wood species (the most high-calorie and, therefore, promising) for heat power engineering. Object: dry and moisture-saturated wood of four types (cedar, larch, pine and aspen). Experimental studies were carried out for wood particles with relative humidity: 5, 30 and 45%. Methods: experimental determination of the ignition temporal characteristics of wood particles under conditions corresponding to the intensity of heating to the combustion chambers of steam and hot water boilers using a high-speed video camera Photron FASTCAM CA4; registration of medium temperature using chromel-alumel thermocouples. Results.The paper introduces the results of the experimental studies of ignition of dry and wet particles of four type of woody biomass in the environment of air heated to high temperatures in order to substantiate the resource efficiency of using woody biomass (as the base fuel of steam and hot water boilers). A significant effect of the wood type on the ignition conditions and characteristics of its single particles was established. A significant influence of humidity on the ignition delay times of particles of the studied types of biomass was established as well. Such times, corresponding to wood in its natural state, are 3–4 times higher in the entire (rather wide) range of change of temperatures significant for practice, the ignition delay times of dry wood particles. The regularities established in the conducted experiments illustrate the prospects of using woody biomass in heat power engineering as the main fuel or components of a charcoal mixture.

The paper focuses on the animated adaptation of Edgar Poe’s short story “The Tell-Tale Heart” created by “United Productions of America” in 1953. The film is analyzed in the broad context of the studio’s aesthetical principles, its artist’s special affinity to the Bauhaus style and their interest towards Cubist and Surrealist experiments. “UPA”'s specific visual primitivism, or “limited animation”, is an experimental technique, closely related to the aesthetics of avant-garde, a quest for the new imagery and new rhythmic structure of a film. Making The TellTale Heart, its director Ted Parmelee and background artist Paul Julian created primarily a film about a madman, a split personality with distorted vision; this character perfectly matched the Cubist method and the idea of simultaneous “vision in motion” (L. Moholy-Nagy), actual for the artists of “UPA”. However, at the same time the studio was ready to meet the expectation of the mass audience, introducing the parallels with crime drama films. Parmelee and Julian strive to demonstrate multidimensionality and variability of psychic phenomena. The main visual images of the film are symbolically linked to the problems of power, control, time, and decay. The principles of collage, described by John Hubley, one of “UPA”'s leading artists, are employed in different techniques. First, the fusion of multiple emotions of Poe’s narrator is represented by sophisticated multi-layered images. Second, the eye of the obsessed narrator creates the chains of similar elements, which are successively combined through montage. The ending of the film visualizes the result of the crime, its reverse effect. It is impossible neither to hide nor to destroy the victim’s body, as it over and over returns in its reflections. The evil observer’s control is not overcome, but increases.

This paper describes the phenomenon of syntactic priming, that is, the speaker’s tendency to repeat the syntactic construction of an utterence used by himself or his interlocutor shortly before. The main theoretical concepts, experimental methodology, syntactic material, the so-called lexical boost effect, differences in results when using speech production or comprehension methods are considered, as well as the main theoretical models of syntactic priming. Experiments with bilinguals are described in detail. The results of the study of Russian possessive constructions are presented.

In this paper, the results of empirical studies by Nobel Prize laureates in Economic Sciences 2019 Michael Kremer, Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo are discussed. Field experiments in education and healthcare systems as well as in the financial and technological areas made it possible to evaluate differently the effectiveness of traditional instruments of economic and social policy in poor countries, offering new, better practices and reforms aimed at poverty alleviation. In addition to the relevance of the findings in politics, the experiments by the laureates provided development economics with powerful analytical and methodological tools, forming the foundation for future academic investigations in this branch of economics.

The present research features predicates expressed by Russian reflexive emotive verbs. The paper focuses on statements containing reflexive emotive verbs and their convertible correlates, e.g. volnovatsia – volnovat, trevozhitsia – trevozhit, serditsia – serdit, etc. The research objective was to determine the place of these pairs of emotive verbs in the semantic classification of predicates of the Russian language. The author used the method of semantic testing for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. The method made it possible to assign these predicates to a particular class, as well as to reveal in their semantic structure a derived value that has not been fixed by explanatory dictionaries. As a result, the predicates were split into two semantic classes, i.e. properties and states. The division was confirmed by semantic tests for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. According to the tests, the predicates expressed by the convergent pairs of emotive verbs were included in the group of state predicates, due to their localization on the time axis. The semantic sign of uncontrollability was inherent in the studied predicates of the state in their emotive meaning. Acquisition by these predicates of the meaning "purposeful activity", "imitation of an emotional state", "opportunity, duty", and, accordingly, the sign of controllability made it possible to classify them as a group of activity predicates.

The paper presents an experimental model of the development of degenerative-dystrophic processes in the intervertebral disc at LVI - St level, worked out by specialists of Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology. For the purposes of the research we used the techniques of laminectomy and LVI facetectomy.Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on ten Wistar male rats using microsurgical instruments and binocular optics with a 6-fold magnification. The reliability and effectiveness of the obtained model were evaluated by X-ray and histological research methods. Spondylograms assessed the level, volume of surgical intervention and the likelihood of LVI spondylolisthesis occurrence relative to St against the background of impaired spinal support function created surgically on the day 15 of the experiment. The histological picture of degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc was assessed on the week 16 and 24 after the animals were sacrificed.Results. An X-ray examination on the day 15 revealed LVI spondylolisthesis relative to SI in 4 out of 10 experimental animals. To assess the nature of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the intervertebral disc, five rats were sacrificed at the 16th week and five - at the 24th week. When analyzing the obtained histological data, we noted the progression of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the intervertebral disc occurring by the 24th week.Conclusion. The designed model for the development of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the intervertebral disc is in direct correlation with the violation of the integrity of the posterior supporting complex with the subsequent formation of spondylolisthesis and instability in this segment. Histological studies in the intervertebral disc reliably confirmed the formation and progression of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the intervertebral disc at the LVI-SI level from the 16th to the 24th week of the experiment. The obtained experimental model of the formation of degenerative-dystrophic changes without mechanical damage to the intervertebral disc will allow clinicians to obtain information about the primary changes in the intervertebral disc, to study the mechanisms of development and the course of degenerative changes in the intervertebral disc on the model of disturbance of the back supporting complex with pathological changes in the biomechanics of the spine after laminectomy and facetectomy. Understanding and knowledge of the pathogenesis of degenerative-dystrophic disease of the spine will allow specialists to exercise an etiopathogenically reasonably approach to the issues of prevention and treatment.

The paper is centred on the problem of influence of the French nouveau roman represented by A. Robbe-Grillet (1922–2008), M. Butor (1928–2016) and N. Sarraute (1900–1999) on the aesthetic formation of their Argentine contemporary, one of the creators of the new Latin American novel – Julio Cortázar (1914–1984). Considering Cortázar’s little known theoretical works (The Tunnel Theory, Novel’s Condition), the development of the new novel in the Old and the New World can be seen as a simultaneous process: Cortázar challenges “obsolete notions”, such as “novel”, “character”, “psychologism”, “story”, “coherence”, “space-time continuum”, “passive reader” independently from his French colleagues. Coinciding in the choice of the models he follows or rejects, Cortázar has never hid his interest in the theory of the nouveau roman. A detailed analysis of the artistic principles declared by the new novelists and their creative realizations permits to trace numerous parallels (including full coincidence of the statements) that prove that Cortázar, Robbe-Grillet, Butor and Sarraute followed one direction and shared ideas (“antinovel”, “new man”, “new language”, direct perception). Seeking, as did Sarraute, to reach a transpersonal psychological sphere, Cortázar plays with time and space together with Butor, and tries to digress an everyday logic and reverse relations between subject and object, similarly to Robbe-Grillet. These affinities bring to light Cortázar’s originality, which is determined by his peculiar world view, his life-long search of “new ethics” and “new metaphysics”. Cortázar pays much more attention to non-aesthetic, gnoseological, existential values of literature.

The authors present the results of the study of silver earrings from the Dyalyan burial ground of the Hun-Sarmatian time, located in the Chemalskiy district of the Republic Altai. The purpose of paper was to determine the methods of manufacturing the jewelry on the basis of technological and comparative-morphological analyses. A traceological analysis of the earrings was carried out, according to the results of which the authors put forward some assumptions. For their verification, 33 experiments, grouped into four series, were performed. On the basis of traceological observations, comparative-morphological analysis and experiments, the authors established that the earrings were divided into two types: spiral-shaped cylindrical earrings and crescent-shaped earrings. Spiral earrings were widely distributed. They were made using simple and common technology. However, to obtain a die for them in the form of a thin wire, it was required to use a special tool. Therefore, perhaps, the wire was created by one master, and the earring by another. The composition of silver and the detection of similar products on other sites of the Altai Mountains testify to the local origin of this jewelry. In relation to not typical for the Altai area earrings in the shape of a crescent, the authors can not note the high skill of the jeweler. This was a product of local home production. This is evidenced by the rudeness of his performance relatively simple technology and composition of metal, possibly obtained from local ores of the Mongolian Altai.

The paper provides a brief overview of approaches to experiment in contemporary linguistic research in general and in translation studiesin particular. With a focus on Russian translation studies, we attempt to categorize translation experiments with regard to aim, data and methodology. Procedural (activity-based) translation experiments are aimed at describing the process of translation influenced by various factors. Didactic (competence-based) translation experiments are aimed mainly at improving the quality of professional translator training, at the same time reflecting, to a certain extent, the patterns of the translator's verbal and cognitive activity and providing certain methodological frameworks for experimental translation research. Psycholinguistic (association, reception) translation experiments are mainly product-based and aimed at the target text recipient, describing the patterns of target text perception and understanding. We see empirical (experimental) translation research as a developing discipline within translation studies in the Russian line of thought. The immediate goal is to build a pool of translation experiments and work out a translation experiment standard; define the interdisciplinary boundaries and describe the metalanguage of experimental (empirical) translation studies; specify the requirements for experimental procedures, data, and an experimental setting, as well as for selecting and briefing the participants; describe online and offline experimental techniques, dependent and independent variables, and metadata.

The article investigates the stabile and variable character of ethno-cultural stereotypes about the Chinese in Russian popular consciousness during ten years. The research material was obtained from two ways. First, relying on the method of O.A. Leontovch the first material was obtained in the experiment from Russian speakers. In 2007 the Government of Russia had taken a questionnaire named as “The China and Russia” and gotten much information; the results are included in this paper. We’ve chosen the one question answer to be second section of our research. By comparing materials of 2007 and 2017, we can make the conclusions: 1) ethno-cultural stereotypes involve good and bad judgment about Chinese people; 2) they are stabile; 3) as time goes by new stereotypes come up; 4) between stereotypes there are causal relationship and contradiction. So, for promoting intercultural communication, we should deeper investigate the problem of stereotype.

The executed investigations have shown that it is possible to prepare sheet-like material for laser cutting economically viable and with small amount of power expenditure while using reverse jet cleaning for surface treatment. As compared to conventional jet cleaning technologies efficiency of the reverse jet cleaning is attributed to significant pressure increase (by 25–50 %) when the jet is interacting with the treated surface. The paper proposes a mathematical model on the basis of approximate energy method (upper-bound method) and the model is used for calculation of fracture pressure due to action of the reverse jet on the treated surface which consists of a corrosion deposit layer. A variational problem was solved within a framework of the developed model and the problem solution has made it possible to obtain a theoretical dependence for calculation of minimum fracture pressure value pmin in the point reverse jet impact with a barrier oretical dependence and it has taken into account yielding point of the deformed material ss, density of fractured material med material r, jet velocity uстр and parameter of reverse flowing – jet reduction ratio l. Comparison theoretical data and experimental ones (experimental data have been obtained while using a differential pressure transducer ЭДП-30 and a spring dynamometer with measuring limits 25 and 80 MPa, respectively) has shown difference by 4–15 %. Determined insignificant difference between a theory and an experiment demonstrates that the obtained theoretical dependence is considered as a quite correct one and it can be used in engineering practice for prediction of power and kinematics parameters which are necessary for selection of the required pump equipment designed for realization of reverse-jet cleaning process.

In comparison to backward wave oscillator (BWO) of O-type, requirements to the quality of electron beams are weakened in the frequency multipliers. Therefore, frequency multipliers may have a considerable perspective for mastering the sub-millimetre waveband, although, their output power is usually less than in the BWOs of the comparable waveband. Experimental works on the frequency multipliers are known in the millimetre waveband. In those devices, a resonator of klystron type, fed by an external power oscillator of the centimetre waveband, serves as the buncher section. The slow-wave structure of the comb type operates in the power-catching regime. We are certain that for the sub-millimetre waveband it may be possible to design a multiplier as a two-cascade clinotron-oscillator, which is simultaneously a modulating generator, a buncher, and a power-catcher. Numeral simulations showed that in the clinotron there exists the effect of “layer-by-layer” bunching of electrons in a sheet beam: the farther an electron layer is located from the surface of the comb, the later electron bunching in that layer occurs. In a remote layer, electrons form bunches outside the comb of the modulating part of the clinotron. Therefore, clinotron can be used as an electron beam buncher. The aim of the present work was an experimental verification of this possibility. In the paper, a simple design of a clinotron-multiplier is introduced, and the results of investigation of its operation are presented. In the buncher section of the clinotron, oscillations are generated with the wavelength of 2.8 mm. In the power-catcher section, a signal is generated with the wavelength of 0.935 mm. We also demonstrate the possible decrease in the magnetic field induction of the focusing (guide) magnetic field to 0.5÷0.3 T in this device, while for a BWO of the same waveband the necessary guide magnetic field is about 1.0 T.

Relevance. As the enrichment does not allow achieving full disclosure of minerals, they are improved due to additional mechanical operations and chemical processing, which significantly increases the extraction efficiency. Therefore, the direction is relevant due to utilization of large amounts of substandard raw materials by leaching metals. The aim of the study is to develop the concept of mechanochemical leaching of wastes of mining and processing ores. Research methods: critical analysis of best practices in development of similar deposits on publications, laboratory studies of processes in disintegrating install. Object of the study: the combined leaching of metals from waste products using chemical reagents in the cage. The results of the study. The concept of extraction of metals is specified by the method of mechanochemical activation. It is confirmed that the mechanochemical activation allows not only extracting valuable components from waste, but also bringing them up to the required standards. The authors offered the ecological mathematical model for the effective assessing the extraction of ferrous and non-ferrous metals from waste of ores enrichment. The indicators of metal extraction from tailings of metal ores were ascertained. The technology of recycling ore enrichment allowing us to reduce the volume of storages of tails with receiving economic effect is recommended. The paper introduces the method of expanding the mineral resource base of the enterprises by production of raw materials. Conclusions. The extraction of metals to the level of unlimited use by traditional methods is impossible and has the prospects of improvement when combined with chemical technologies. Wasteless extraction of metals is possible with the use of high activation energy in such devices as the disintegrator. The practical use of mechanochemical technology to extract metals from open tailings is a reserve for expanding the raw materials base and recovery of metals production.

Gladii O., Bodnar Ya., Gudyma A., Trach Rosolovska S. Age-depending peculiarities of ultrastructural myocardium changes caused by experimental hyperuricemia and its combination with hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):584-591. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.198743 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4055 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 30.11.2016. UDC 616.127-091.8-02:616.153.857/.922]-092.9 age-depending peculiarities of ultrastructural myocardium changes caused by experimental hyperuricemia and its combination with hypercholesterolemia Olena Gladii, Yaroslav Bodnar, Arsen Gudyma, Svitlana Trach Rosolovska State Higher Educational Establishment “Ternopil I.Ya.Horbachevsky State Medical University”, Ternopil, Ukraine Summary Ultrastructural myocardial changes are the first signs that let characterizing morphological features of various pathological processes morphogenesis, including metabolic cardiomyopathy. It was defined that in animals of pubertal period hyperuricemia and its combination with hypercholesterolemia led to myocardial hyperfunction, which manifested mainly by hyperplasia of different cellular ultrastructures. Among adult animals in modelled metabolic deviations could be noted degenerative myocardial changes that appeared as partial or total organelles destruction. Key words: myocardium, hyperuricemia, ultrastructure, experiment.

The paper is devoted to the use of natural science methods in the field practice on plant physiology; it discloses various applications of such methods as observation and experiment and provides guidelines for the original experiments. Experimental work in the field of teaching and practice enables students to revise the basic theoretical principles of the discipline "Plant Physiology" and consolidate their knowledge on such modules of the discipline as "Water regime", "Growth and development of plants", "Plants resistance to adverse environmental conditions" and others. Thus, training and field practice on physiology of plants increases the efficiency of the educational process. Field observations contribute to the environmental education of students, instilling respect for the environment.

The paper discusses peculiarities of the resonance proton scattering use for the beam parameters control of the electrostatic accelerators. The expediency of the use has been confirmed by experiment. Peculiarities are caused because elastic resonance scattering through the stage of compound nucleus is always accompanied by potential and Coulomb scattering. These three components interfere and for that reason the resonance form de-pends on a scattering angle and total angular moment of a compound nucleus level. However, possessing neces-sary information in the given field of nuclear spectroscopy enables the selection of resonance with the character-istics suitable for the calibration purpose. Considerable increase of the scattering cross section in the resonance region saves the time and simplifies the experiment technical maintenance. The experiments were performed at the 10 MeV tandem accelerator of the Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, after its modernization. Silicon and oxygen were used as the targets. Silicon targets were of two types of thickness: 1) the target of complete absorption, 2) the target with the thickness in which the loss of protons ener-gy exceeded the width of the selected resonance. The elastic and non elastic scattering from silicon were used in region of the 3,100 MeV proton energy resonance. Oxygen target, as component of the surface oxidizing layer on beryllium had the thickness which in terms of the loss of proton energy was less than the width of the selected elastic narrow resonance at 3,470 MeV proton energy. As result of the measurement the corrections concerning the energy scale of the accelerator and protons energy spread in the beam were proposed.

Savitskiy I. V., Myronov A. A., Miastkovskaja I. V. Эндотелиальные дисфункции при посттравматической эпилепсии = Endothelial dysfunction in post-traumatic epilepsy. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(6):245-252. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55357 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3573 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2016. Revised 25.05.2016. Accepted: 10.06.2016. ЭНДОТЕЛИАЛЬНЫЕ ДИСФУНКЦИИ ПРИ ПОСТТРАВМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭПИЛЕПСИИ ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN POST-TRAUMATIC EPILEPSY И. В. Савицкий, А. А. Миронов, И. В. Мястковская I. V. Savitskiy, A. A. Myronov, I. V. Miastkovskaja Одесский национальный медицинский университет, Одесса, Украина Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine Abstract The aim of this study was to design a method for determining endothelial dysfunction in post-traumatic epilepsy experiment using Vilenbrant factor activity, INR, 2.3 dyfosfohlitseratu red blood cells, interleukin 1 β enabling a high degree of accuracy to detect the presence of endothelial dysfunction and the degree of hypoxia in each case and can be used for early diagnosis of hypoxia in patients with PTE, which will prevent additional ischemic brain injury patients and negative effects of hypoxia. The problem is solved by the proposed activity in animals reveal Vilenbrant factor, INR, 2.3 dyfosfohlitseratu red blood cells, interleukin 1 β modeled after TBI and after the introduction konvulsantu (pikrotoksynu) and at values above indicators above the threshold established between endothelial dysfunction and epileptic focus formation. Today there is no experimental model that provides research of the problem of endothelial dysfunction in TBI and its relationship with the formation of epileptic focus. The data that will be receiving through the study of this problem will assist with TBI treatment. Also, using these data will be found new approaches to disease prevention in PTE patients. Key words: endothelial dysfunction, post-traumatic epilepsy, experiment, traumatic brain injury, brain.

Rudenko A. V., Kostyev F. I. The features of pathogenetically directed therapy for chronic pelvic pain syndrome in experimental condition. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(8):55-63. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22824 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22824 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/601988 POL-index https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/polindex/browse/article/article-1b41c63c-c463-4013-bd18-684b35de96a0 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%288%29%3A55-63 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 20.06.2015. Revised 15.07.2015. Accepted: 25.07.2015. UDC: 617.581-009.7-092.9-0.85+618.13-009.7-0.92.9-0.85 The features of pathogenetically directed therapy for chronic pelvic pain syndrome in experimental condition A. V. Rudenko, F. I. Kostyev Odessa National Medical University, Odessa Keywords: pudendopathy, experiment, model, pathogenesis, muscle relaxants, adrenergic agonists, neurotrophic drugs. Abstract Experimental methods for investigation were performed on 120 four-month age white mongrel male rats, by the sacral plexus damage in animals through the ligating the largest nerve of the plexus - sciatic nerve, which can be considered as a predictor of pudendopathy and adequate clinical experimental modeling of the prototype method. The experimental animals after 1 month. of modeling were taken medications with muscle relaxant action of the central and peripheral activity and also neurotrophic effect. Comparative assessment of medicines was performed after 2.5 months. by morphological investigation of the pelvic floor and bladder, as well as biochemical analysis of blood, homogenates of the pelvic floor muscles and bladder, with assessment of the α2-macroglobulin, creatine kinase and lactate activity. The results showed that the pudendal nerve neuropathy in the experiment is accompanied by severe changes in the structure of the tissue of the bladder, pelvic floor muscles, nerve structures of the pelvis, as well as hypoxia, proteolysis and tissue destruction. The injection of drugs to experimental animals with reproduced pudendopathy revealed the different efficacy in restoring the structure of the detrusor muscle and the pelvic floor depending on effect of the drug.

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