Search

Copyright of Anali Pravnog Fakulteta u Beogradu is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the basic information about the overal results, significance, international programme committee and working areas of the 6th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies, OTEH 2014, in comparison with previous five conferences. The number of sections, number of papers, number of authors/coauthors, number of sessions and number of members of the scientific commitee are presented in the review. This year conference is the best regarding the number of papers and the number of authors/coauthors since this conference got its international character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper aims to explore alternative statehood options for Yugoslavia's unification in 1918 and assess their potential success for Serbian interests. It falls within the realm of counterfactual analysis. The study draws on the economic theory of optimal nation size, which examines the pros and cons of larger nations, particularly the challenges posed by cultural diversity resulting from ethnolinguistic and religious differences. Five statehood alternatives have been identified, involving various degrees of Serbia's territorial expansion. Empirical evidence from the 1921 population census demonstrates that options leading to larger nation size would increase population heterogeneity. The research identifies an optimal solution that balances benefits and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is on the results of the soil and its produciton potential in the types of forests of sessile oaks (Quercus petraea) in the area of the National Park "Đerdap" in the community units of Zlatica, Đerdap, štrbacko korito, Desna reka and Kožica. There are the most widely spread types of the sprout forests of the sessile oaks in the research area, deep deluvium, luvisoil, eutric cambsoils, and a great number of sub-types of acid brown soil. Considering the fact that the produciton potential of the defined types of soil depends on the depth, skeleton and other physical characteristics which determine acception, keeping and moving of water and this means that the production value of the studied soils is in the direct correaltion with physical-geographical conditions of the environment. Taking into account that solum is well developed and the low contents of skeleton, all the studied soil in the most widely spread types of sessile oaks in the area of N.P. "Đerdap", are very productive natural habitats. The exception is acid brown soil, which characteristics vary as well as their production potential. Apart from a good production potential of the studied soils within this paper, sessile forests in the researched areas irrationally use production potential of the habitat. In the research area in the last 20 years, the processes of devitalizing and the appearance of decaying of sessile oaks are expressed. In the sessile forests of Serbia, there are forests of the production and protection character, and the structure of the sessile forests at global level is characterized by not normal state with domination of middle aged and in great extent mature withering ingredients, what is the main cause of insufficiently used good potential of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of the author's analysis is the issue of legal protection of pet animals. Through analysis of applicable provisions contained in the Act on Animal Welfare of Serbia, on one hand, and the fundamental principles and provisions set out in the European Convention for the Protection of Pet animals, on the other hand, this paper attempts to point out the degree of legal protection that pet animals are awarded under domestic legal regulations, as well as to answer the question of compatibility of the national legislation with the international standards set out in the mentioned European Convention regarding the above mentioned question. In addition, since the legal protection of pet animals is also regulated by relevant by-laws in our law, the analysis of certain aspects of protection provided to pet animals, specifically the Decision of the city of Novi Sad on keeping of domesticated animals, the paper attempts to draw attention to compliance of the solutions adopted in this legal act, with the fundamental principles of protection, provided to pets by laws or the Act on Animal Welfare of Serbia. Finally, in order to provide a more comprehensive insight in terms of achievement of the legal protection of pets in Serbian law, the paper analyzes the types of unlawful conduct of the owner or the holder of the animals, as well as their respective sanctioning prescribed in specific laws or bylaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses fiduciary agreements, which, as a form of contract, that is the means of securing obligation and legal claims, are regulated by provisions of specific laws and codifications in some of the European Union countries. Even the Montenegrin legislator enacted a special law governing these legal matters, however in the Serbian law fiduciary agreements fall into the category of innominate contracts. Fiducia originates in the Roman Law and constitutes the first common form of the pledge law. The Latin term fiducia means „trust“, since these legal matters were, first of all, based on the trust between contractual parties. This paper addresses the institution of „trust“ as it is the Anglo-Saxon counterpart of the fiduciary agreement. Etymologically, „trust“ has the same meaning as the term fiducia - trust. Due to their advantages, fiduciary agreements are not even uncommon in the domestic legal practice, while there are certain, as we have already announced, theoretical, but also practical concerns arguing admissibility of this legal matter. These arguments mainly come down to the thesis (mentioned above) that entering into the fiduciary agreement results in violation of the ban on performance of contract lex commissoria in the pledge law. Nevertheless, I provided explanation that differences between contracts of pledge and fiduciary agreements clearly point to the conclusion that fiduciary agreements may not be treated as a pledge, hence they are admissible, that is, they are concluded on the principle of contractual freedom as an imperative norm of the Law on Obligations. Fiduciary agreements (in relation to the realistic means of security) offer to the creditor a higher level of security, reduce the period of payment of his claims, also providing practical benefits for the debtor himself. The paper presents the reasons supporting the view that it would be advantageous for the Serbian legislator, in the process of harmonisation of the legislation in the field of Civil Law with the European Union law, to regulate the institute of fiduciary agreements under the special law, integrate it into the Law on Obligations or make it a part of the future Civil Code of the Republic of Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers taxes related to passenger cars and possibilities of their use in order to reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, this paper considers ecological potential of non-recurrent taxes in connection with the purchase and registration of passenger cars, periodically charged taxes on the use of passenger car and excises in the European union. At the end, the author presents legislation related to motor vehicles taxes in Serbia and analyzes their ecological functions, and points out the shortcomings of the existing legislative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was characteristic agrarian country. Agriculture was basic branch of the economy in all parts of the state. One of the most important issues in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was agrarian issue. Various and specific structure of land possession in different parts of the country and revolutionary mood in villages among the peasants, were the reasons which justified taking actions to organize and carry out agrarian reform in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The legal regulations were very important for proper execution of democratic land reform. The author explains the most important legal regulations that were passed in the course of the democratic land reform in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The administration which was responsible for organization and execution of democratic land reform in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is also briefly shown in the paper. The paper also presents how implementation of agrarian legislation and functioning of agrarian administration looked like in practice through an interesting case of medium-sized holding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers analysis of two issues. The first is the overview of the legal basis of international family law and it's sources under the Treaty of Lisbon on the Functioning of the European Union, and the second the case law of the European Court of Justice. Since 1999, when the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force, four regulations were adopted in matters of international family law as secondary sources of EU law, and three of them came into force. National courts of Member Staes are bound to apply directly three regulations, but so far only the interpretation of Brussels II bis Regulation has reached the European Court of Justice. Some of the judgments of the Court could be of interest for Serbian private international law. The reason is in the fact that the Court gave rulings on issues and concepts which are not defined in Serbian law, so they could influence the development and definitions of the those in the course of drawing up the new Act of Private International Law in Serbia. The paper reviews the Sundelind Lopez, the Hadady, the Case A. and the Mercredi judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides the basics for more detailed research on the structures of bionic forms of different plant species and their application in the domain of landscape planning. The aim of this type of research is to expand knowledge of landscape planning with a deeper understanding of different geometric relations present in the existing natural forms. The correlation between structures in nature and structures that are present in contemporary landscape architecture could be established by the congruence with the geometric models from landscape. This paper is focused solely on the geometry of natural forms. The Voronoi diagram was used in order to examine the similarities and to perform a comparative analysis of the Prunus domestica L. leaf geometry and the geometry of cultural landscapes of Central Serbia. The resulting Voronoi diagram shows the similarity based on closed fields, Voronoi cells, which correspond to the nervation of Prunus domestica L. leaf by form. Using the comparative analysis, the geometric interpretation of cultural landscape examples could be linked to the geometric structure of the most frequent fruit tree species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the leaves of 14 test black poplar (Populus nigra L.) trees, from the region of Great War Island, indicating a satisfactory degree of intrapopulation genetic variability. The knowledge of the extent and nature of variability in natural populations is a starting point for the breeding and conservation of genetic resources of forest trees. To this end, it is necessary to begin with the implementation of appropriate measures of in situ and ex situ conservation that will enable long-term preservation and enhancement of the ecological adaptability and the evolutionary potential of the populations of black poplar on Great War Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prediction of precipitation is one of the important factors that affect the sectors such as industry, agriculture, environmental protection, and their related fields. The stochastic method based on a Markov chain model is used in the paper to predict the annual precipitation in the territory of South Serbia for the period 2009-2013. For this purpose, the precipitation data rainfall recorded on the four synoptic stations were used for the period 1980-2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developed library and information environments librarians consider their role of communication intermediaries to be crucial in terms of offering collections, services and programs in the right manner. This case study empirically researches and perceives public relations practice in public libraries in Serbia, and offers recommendations for further development of this field. Primary target group in this research included directors of public libraries, their assistants and heads of sectors and departments, and the second group focused on associates engaged in PR tasks. Methodological approach that was used in the study included an online survey sent out to over two hundred email addresses and gathered quantitative and qualitative data from fifty respondents. Even though it is not easy to comment on development or stagnation in this field, since no similar researches have been done in Serbia, it is clear that libraries are transferring their focus on intensive communication with the public. This study showed significant observations when it comes to understanding the public relations, profile of the employees involved in this field, importance of the internal communication, visual identity, quality of communication with stakeholders, and awareness that some of the work processes in a library essentially belong to the public relations field. Authors of the paper suggest that accepting and developing principles of an organizational culture would create a new frame for working with public relations field. One of the principles - culture of tasks is based on an assumption that people like to work and therefore need to have certain conditions that would best stimulate their skills and knowledge. This kind of culture favors the capability of an individual to contribute to the goals of an organization as well as rights of each employee to create new ideas and solutions that would bring changes to the organization. Some of the most important values of such organization include a strong feeling of affiliation, a need to connect and to work efficiently within a team. Development of organizational culture has its roots in these values and today it is considered to be the best solution to two fundamental problems that challenge members of the organization: internal integration and external adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents one part of the findings of a research that deals with teachers' perceptions of educational reforms in Serbia. More specifically, the paper focuses on the segment of the research that was aimed at exploring teachers' views on the ways of improving the system and practice of in-service teacher training. Pursuing this topic is very important since the findings of recent studies have shown that this aspect of education system needs considerable improvement, while the authors who deal with educational change point to the importance of consulting the teachers in the development of the new system solutions. The questionnaire was used to collect the data from 326 teachers from 125 Serbian primary schools. The teachers provided answers to open-ended questions on what needs to be done in order to improve the quality of their in-service training. Content analysis was used to process the data - response categories were created inductively on the basis of teachers' answers, and then their frequency was established. The results indicate that, according to teachers, in-service teacher training has to be improved, primarily through increased funding, higher quality of programmes/seminars, diversification of types of training, as well as through creating a more encouraging system and school setting for in-service teacher training. These results are significant from the aspect of the in-service training system since they point to developmental priorities, as well as to the necessity of a more complex and comprehensive approach to the reform of this segment of education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate management, as the set of mechanisms by which companies are lead, grown and developed on the market, is of fundamental importance for all countries which strive to healthy and vital national economy. High-quality legal frame presents an assumption for good corporate management because it provides security to investors, especially to minority ones, and provides equal treatment to all stockholders. By enacting a new Company law, legislation in Serbia has been significantly improved in which are implemented OECD and other international principles of good corporate management, as a new Codex of corporate management. Analysis of the Law and Codex in this paper has shown the novelties in the domain of corporate management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the whole system of legal norms regulating the electoral matter in order to determine the actual scope of the implementation of international standards " full and effective equality "of members of national minorities in the political life in Serbia. Sufficiency of the measures of positive discrimination in electoral law of the Republic of Serbia is focused on two questions. The first question relates to the regulation of the number of signatures required for the determination and declaration of election lists. The second question relates to the applicability of legal electoral threshold or minimum requirements in terms of the number of votes which must be received for participating in the distribution of seats in case of parties of national minorities. There were very serious differences about these issues in practice and it also had the practical consequences. Legal rules in the election matter only know the exclusion of legal electoral threshold in the final stage of the selection process as a measure of positive discrimination. This is the sufficient measure by which the members of national minorities could be put on an equal position with members of the national majority in the race to win seats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the main results of the international study of students' mathematics and science achievement TIMSS 2011. The focus is on presentation and discussion of the results achieved by Serbian students. In Serbia, this study was conducted in the fourth grade of primary school on a nationally representative sample of students -- a total of 4379 students from 156 primary schools were tested, i.e. 219 classes. The average achievement of students from Serbia was 516 points in mathematics and in science, which in both cases represents achievement that is significantly higher than the centerpoint of the TIMSS 4th grade scale. The paper also presents results according to content domains, differences in achievement between boys and girls, as well as students' distribution according to international benchmarks. The results are observed from the viewpoint of overlapping of the Serbian curricula and the TIMSS test. Overall, these results can be seen as encouraging indicators of the Serbian education system for the first education cycle, particularly if we bear in mind relatively poor performance of students in higher grades in Serbia which had been shown in various previous studies. Since TIMSS findings should primarily be used in planning the development of education, the concluding part discusses the importance of regular participation of Serbia in international studies of this kind, as well as the importance of greater involvement of domestic researchers in analysis of available international databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes a critical appraisal of the provisions of the 2005 Hague Convention on the Choice of Court Agreements from the perspective of Serbian Law. First, it is noted that the Convention does not apply to submission and does not regulate the effects of belated invocation of the existence of the choice of court agreement before the court not chosen. It also does not prevent that the reverse situation, that the party invokes nullity of the choice of court agreement past the initial stage in the proceedings. Secondly, the res iudicata effect of domestic arbitral awards seems to be jeopardized by the provisions authorizing the court of the contracting state to refuse to recognize and enforce a judgment of the other contracting state based on the choice of court agreement, solely if the judgment is inconsistent with a judgment given in the requested state (and not if it is inconsistent with an arbitral award given in the requested state). Thirdly, and most importantly, great number of exclusions from the scope of application and some very broad grounds for non-recognition of foreign forum selection clauses makes this instrument less attractive than it should be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the author analyzes the Serbian and foreign laws regulating the issue of quality of surface and underground water. He points out that, due to the interconnection between surface and underground waters, the management of the issue of their quality requires an integral approach. The basic legal instrument for the quality management of waters is the water-use permit and the consent for industrial (special) utilization of waters, which are based on the registry on the status of waters and on the supervision of the fulfillment of the conditions set-out in permits. Concerning the issue of eligibility of the new beneficiaries of water-use permits, the author refers to the legislation of the European Union and to the national legislation of member states. They prescribe the instruments of preliminary environmental analysis and environmental permit that aim to assess the impact of new industrial facilities on the quality of waters and the envisage means of elimination of environmental hazards, which might potentially realize from the industrial facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are only ambiguous data in literature that suggest the presence of Galanthus gracilis Čelak. in the flora of Serbia. Throughout its range G. gracilis is often confused with closely related species G. elwesii Hook., with which it shares several morphological characteristics, and in some cases the same name is erroneously used for both species (G. graecus Orph.). Only about a decade ago, the genus was a subject of taxonomic revision by the English author Aaron P. Davis, whose work eliminated confusion created by the previous conflicting divisions. Therefore, further studies are required to determine the exact distribution of this species. In this paper, we officially report the presence of G. gracilis in Serbia, with a description of its habitat and estimation of the threatened status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A project is a task comprising a set of interrelated activities requiring time and resources for their execution. It is often the case that during the construction of longitudinal and cross section structures for the regulation of a torrential catchment the required resources (labour, materials, mechanization, and finances) are often limited and because of that we face the problem of their efficient use. This paper deals with the problem of planning the execution of river regulation works on the Jelašnička River with the aim to minimize the time extension due to limited resources. In the planning phase of project realization labour force is the limited resource. Heuristic techniques, i.e. the Gray-Kidd algorithm with the use of MS Project software were applied in the distribution of resources for the purposes of optimal labour engagement. This method uses the data acquired by the CPM method of network planning as input elements. Through more iterations, by moving noncritical and then critical project activities, the minimal extension of project duration was achieved by engaging more labour force. Therefore, the proposed heuristic and CPM method performed well in resolving the resource-constrained project scheduling problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents results of influence of thermal modification on cutting power required for milling wood processing. The experiment was conducted for the different treatment temperatures (170°C, 190°C and 210°C) and different technological parameters of processing (feed and cutting depth). Cutting powers during milling were measured on four groups of beech wood samples, dimensions 35×16×400 mm, separately for heartwood and sapwood. The following mechanical and physical properties of the processed samples were tested: bending properties (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity), cross-sectional and tangential hardness, and ?ir-dry density. The measuring device used for measuring, monitoring and displaying cutting power was developed at the Wood Machining Centre at the Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade. The results point out the differences in the powers required for processing heat-treated wood compared to untreated wood. The analysis shows that with the increase in treatment temperature, the required cutting powers decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the research study about free time, interests, cultural needs and habits of secondary school students, their reading habits were studied in particular. The paper is aimed at exploring the reading habits of secondary school students, which are expressed through different media, first and foremost, through book reading, as well as through reading the press and using the internet, and to determine the connection between them. The research was conducted by means of a questionnaire on the sample of 2426 students from 26 secondary schools from nine Serbian towns. The results referring to the level of development of reading habits of our secondary school students indicate that: 12% of students do not read; 21% read only the required reading; 40% read the required reading and occasionally the books that are not required; 20% read the required reading and often other books as well; and 7% are passionate readers. Secondary school students do not have a formed habit of using library services and most frequently read popular literature and popular science. The most frequently read texts in the press refer to leisure and sports. More developed reading habits of secondary school students are related to reading the sections on culture in daily newspapers, reading popular science magazines and using educational software. Educational implications of the paper indicate that it is necessary to develop students' reading habits through teaching and learning and to encourage students to use both books and the modern media for learning purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the forest plant community of beech, fir and spruce (Piceo-Fago-Abietetum Colic 1965), which is the most widely distributed plant community on the territory of national park "Tara". Spectrum of life forms and floristic elements are specified for this community. Spectrum of life forms shows that hemicryptophytes are the most frequent, with high occurrence of geophytes, which is characteristic of this mesophilous plant community. Spectrum of floristic elements show that centraleuropean floristic element is dominant and that this plant community is under strong influence of subcentraleuropean region. Five subassociations are set apart on the basis of floristic composition and site conditions: typicum, drymetosum, aceretosum, pinetosum silvestrae and vaccinietosum. Spectrum of life forms is made for every subassociation separately in aim to compare their floristic compositions. Subassociations aceretosum and vaccinietosum are characterized by the highest occurrence of phanerophytes, and the lowest occurrence of this life form is represented in subassociation drymetosum. The highest occurrence of geophytes is in subassociation aceretosum, and the lowest in pinetosum silvestrae and vaccinietosum. Occurrence of hemicryptophytes is the highest in subassociations drymetosum and pinetosum silvestrae, and the lowest in aceretosum. Subassociation typicum is stable plant community, subassociations drymetosum and vaccinietosum grow on poorer sites, while subassociations aceretosum and pinetosum silvestrae represent degradation of beech, fir and spruce forest (Piceo-Fago-Abietetum Colic 1965). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for high-quality products of biological origin has been increasing, in accordance with changes in objectives ?f forest management, which are caused by socio-economic development. Although non-wood forest products (NWFPs) have been collected and used for generations, only in recent decades their importance has been recognized. The aim of this paper is to analyze marketing strategies of companies involved in processing and distribution of NWFPs. Due to the specificity and comprehensiveness of the problem, the various general and specific methods and techniques, which are used in the study of marketing elements, have been applied. A'WOT analysis was applied in order to better interpret results of SWOT analysis. The survey was conducted among small and medium enterprises dealing with NWFPs in central Serbia. Conducted research determined the most important final products, prices, types of promotion and structure of distribution channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of typology study and typology classification of ceno-ecological groups types of the mountain beech forest on the Veliki Jastrebac. These forests in relation to the typological background are classified into five units (types). Each of these types are characterized by a certain specificity which is expressed through ecology, cenology and production characteristics what makes the basis for a different and appropriate approach to defining objectives of silvicultural management and upbringing objectives and planning action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key messages of the contemporary approach to school development is that teacher participation is a necessary precondition for the successfulness of this process. Experience from the world, however, shows that broad and active participation of teachers in school development is neither easy to achieve nor to sustain in the long run. Similarly, the first experiences with school developmental planning in Serbia from the first half of this decade also pointed out to the differences with respect to readiness of teachers to take over this new role. The research that will be presented in this paper was conducted with the aim of discovering and determining the levels and ways in which different factors influence teacher involvement in developmental activities in school, whereby those activities are of cooperative and leadership character. The research was conducted on the sample of 385 teachers from 51 primary schools in Serbia. The findings indicate that teacher involvement in school development is a product of a complex combination and interaction of numerous personal and contextual factors, bearing in mind that harmony of personal and professional identity and meanings ascribed to changes in school is of primary importance. The final part of the paper provides recommendations for system and organisational level in order for teacher involvement in school development to become a widespread and sustainable practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Juznoslovenski Filolog is the property of Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Institute for the Serbian Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Modern economies are characterized by a growing importance of cooperation and the creation of networks of enterprises, organizations and institutions, which are all part of a supply chain, in order to achieve competitive advantage in a market. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of the supply chains of non-wood forest products in selected forest areas of Central Serbia (Golijsko, Podrinjsko-kolubarsko, Posavsko-podunavsko, Rasinsko and Tarsko-zlatiborsko FAs). The comparative method was applied in this paper, along with the method of specialization (classification), the method of structural partial analysis (supply chain analysis) and the statistical method (analysis of frequencies and two-step cluster). The data collection was conducted in 2011, by using the technique of door-to-door survey. The analysis of the basic types of the supply chains of non-wood forest products and their main stages (purchasing, processing and placement) was conducted in the selected areas. A cluster analysis showed that there were six basic types of supply chains in the selected forest areas and one dominant type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents one part of the research for Serbia Country Report, conducted within the regional project of the European Training Foundation. The research was aimed at analysing the current situation in initial education of teachers, i.e. preparation of teachers for inclusive education (IE), as well as the need for introducing changes in the initial education curricula, leading towards a more efficient development of competences for working with all students needing additional support for learning and social participation. Qualitative research methodology was used. Data were collected via: analysis of documents comprising curricula of basic studies of five educational/teacher education faculties in Serbia with respect to IE preparation; three focus groups with teachers; and thirty-one interviews with other participants in the education system -- principals of primary schools, school psychologists, university educators, decision-makers in education, NGO representatives and moderators of in-service teacher training programmes. Analysis of initial education curricula indicated that these do not contribute to the development of competences and preparation of teachers for inclusive education. The basic obstacles to preparation for IE perceived by research participants include inadequate curricula, dysfunctional professional practice and negative attitudes of university educators towards IE. The concluding part points out that the key factors for changes in initial education comprise sufficient motivation of university educators, awareness about the responsibility of the faculty to teach in accordance with the IE concept, as well as the support to these faculties through wide social action. The implications for enhancement of initial education of teachers refer to introducing changes into study programmes and implementing the strategies identified in practice, leading towards more effective preparation of teachers for IE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology is the property of Issues in Ethnology Anthropology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the results of one part of empirical research conducted for the purpose of conceiving the proposal of educational standards for the subject Geography at the end of primary school education. The goal was to determine the extent to which the students were trained to orient themselves and use cartographic method in the process of using geographical map. Research comprised the representative sample of 919 students of the final grade in 159 Serbian primary schools. Achievement Test served for studying the levels of students' knowledge and skills in the field of Geographic Skills. Besides this, the questionnaire studied students' opinion on learning outcomes in this field, and by analysing contingency tables, the correlation between students' success in geography at the end of the first term of the eighth grade and their opinion about learning outcomes in the afore-mentioned field was determined. The findings of this research indicate that students are not sufficiently trained to orient themselves in space and on geographical map, as well as to use geographical map in instruction. Besides, it was established that there is a correlation between students' success and their opinion on learning outcomes in the field of Geographic Skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with role models of secondary school students in Serbia. In the course of adolescence, there is a gradual separation from parental figures, and other persons become role models for behaviour. For that reason, secondary school population is of interest when analysing this phenomenon, particularly bearing in mind that role models influence not only social, but also other aspects of development. We analysed role models from students' personal (actual models) and public life (symbolic models). The main aim was to determine who their actual and symbolic models are, and why secondary school students look up to them. Based on the data on secondary school students' actual models, it is possible to identify who important persons from their milieu are and why they are important to them. The data about the categories in which symbolic models can be divided, as well as about their occurrence, indicate the young people's system of values in these analyses. The sample comprises 2426 students from 26 schools in 9 Serbian towns. Actual and symbolic models were examined in separate questions, where students were asked to name up to three people from their private life or the world of celebrities that they look up to. 53,9% of students named their actual models, the most common being their mothers. Nearly half the examinees (49,3%) stated their symbolic models are public figures. Most symbolic models are from the world of show-business. The results show that parental figures remain the models of behaviour throughout adolescence. The data about the categories of symbolic models show the young are drawn to the world of entertainment and indicate a weak role of schools as a potential source of models in the fields of science and culture who would promote cognitive values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the research the goal of which was to gain an insight into teachers' opinions regarding the mistakes they make during classes and the ways to eliminate those mistakes. The sample comprises 300 primary school teachers and 115 vocational school and grammar school teachers in Serbia. Questionnaire with openended questions was used in the research. The first question required the group of teachers to state the example of one mistake they made during the class, and in the second question they were expected to state how they reacted in order to eliminate the aforementioned mistake. We classified the answers according to the following types of teachers' mistakes: didactic-methodical; expert-cognitive; personal; professional; pedagogical; social-moral. The findings of our research indicate that teachers perceive to a far greater extent the didactic-methodical than social-moral mistakes. It was shown that the greatest number of mistakes arises from the wrong decisions or insufficiently thoughtful decisions of teachers. We also analysed the ways in which teachers try to eliminate their mistakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normative rules of standard Serbian language are acquired during primary and secondary education through curriculum demands of Serbian language instruction, which takes place in three fields: grammar, orthography and culture of expression. Topic of interest in this paper is the quality of written expression of 6th and 7th grade pupils, in the context of all three fields specified to be mastered by the curriculum of Serbian language. Research comprised 148 primary school pupils from Belgrade. Linguistic analysis of spontaneously created written text was performed, in the conditions where it was not explicitly demanded form the pupil to write correctly. The results indicate that the majority of pupils make spelling and grammatical errors, meeting the condition for the basic level of mastering the knowledge in Serbian language according to the standards specified for the end of compulsory education. In addition to this, a considerable majority of pupils has a satisfactory level of culture of written expression. Pupils more often make spelling than grammatical errors. Seventh grade pupils are better than sixth grade pupils with respect to adhering to grammar rules and according to culture of written expression, while the mark in Serbian language and general school achievement of pupils correlate only with the degree of adhering to the orthographic rules. It was concluded that not only individual programs of support for pupils who make more errors are necessary, but also launching national projects for the development of linguistic competence of the young in Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the research the goal of which was to gain insight into the linkage between the attitude towards school and educational aspirations of female and male pupils and the aspects of their family environment which are gender marked (educational status of mothers and educational status of fathers as gender-role indicators). The approach to research topic was developed by relying on ecological systems theory of development (Bronfenbrenner) and social-cognitive theory of gender-role development (Bussey and Bandura). Research comprised a representative sample of 2447 female and male pupils of eighth grade from 36 schools in Serbia, and data were obtained by using answers to the questionnaires referring to some aspects of family and school environment. This is an in-depth analysis of data collected as part of the international study TIMSS 2007. Research findings can be expressed on two levels. The first - female eighth grade pupils, compared to their male peers, have considerably higher educational aspirations, a more positive attitude towards school as learning environment, and in extracurricular everyday life they prefer activities which are encouraged by school contents. The second - educational aspirations of male and female pupils are highly positively correlated with the accomplished educational level of the same gender parent, while attitude towards school and the type of extracurricular activities, both in boys/male pupils and girls/female pupils, stand in higher correlation with the accomplished level of education of the mother. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]