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The article substantiates the feasibility of studying the issue of seed germination of iris species under conditions of introduction. The viability of iris seeds from the subgenus Limniris (Iris ensataThunb.,Iris pseudacorusL.,Iris sanguineaDonn ex Hornem.,Iris setosaPall. ex Link,Iris versicolorL.) andXyridion(Iris carthaliniaeFomin,Iris gramineaL.,Iris orientalisThunb.) was estimated during long-term storage. Morphological and biological parameters of experimental seeds were descripted. The literature data on fast and one-time germination of seeds in representatives of the subgenusLimniriswas confirmed. The seeds of this group began to germinate after 21-36 days from sowing them in pots. In theXyridiongroup, seedlings appear after 2-4 months. The shortest period of seed germination (30 days) was observed forIris pseudacorus, the longest (2 years 7 months) - forIris graminea. The germination of iris seeds in moist habitats (subgenusLimniris) lasts for 4-6, the steppe species (subgenusXyridion) - 9-11 years.

Among species Myodes (Clethrionomys) dwelling in Russia long-term population dynamics of grey red-backed vole (Myodes rufocanus) has been the least studied. To fill this gap we constructed the spectra of the long-term cyclicity of the population dynamics of the vole in different parts of its area and investigated them. In addition, we determined the parameters of perennial rhythms and revealed the features of cyclicity and possible geographical patterns of its changes. We also described the invariant parts of the population rhythm spectrum. Data from western (Northern Sweden, Finland and Kola Peninsula), central (Middle Urals, Western Siberia, Eastern Sayan and Baikal region) and eastern parts of the range (Hokkaido Island and Magadan Reserve) were used. When processing these data, we used spectral analysis programs. It allowed us to obtain a visual representation of the entire set of population cycles of Myodes rufocanus, and to compare the periods and powers of harmonic components. The cycles of long-term dynamics in high frequency bands are shown in all studied populations. 9–14-year cycles of population dynamics are found in many populations in middle frequencies, and on some spectra there are more than 20-years periodic components. Population rhythms of M. rufocanus are adjusted to natural cycles such as cyclical changes in climate conditions. Long-term preservation of such population cycles promotes adaptations to the changes in local climate conditions.

The spectral analysis of the multi-year (1984–2005) dynamics of reproductive parameters in the population of Tree Sparrow Passer montanus was carried out in the vicinity of Lake Chany (Baraba forest-steppe). In this species the inter-annual dynamics cycling of the average size of clutches and eggs was revealed. The dominant clutch size cycle of the Tree Sparrow is 11 years. This species may adapt to the cycles of the air temperature dynamics similar in time during the second and third decades of May, when the most pairs begin to reproduce. Since the sparrows fledge mostly with insects, an abundance of which depends on thermal environment, such adjustment provides a higher productivity of individuals and populations in general. Less expressed 3–4-year cycles of clutch size, most likely, are caused by the intra-population reasons. The average seasonal fecundity of the Tree Sparrow depends on the ratio between the first and second clutches. The proportion of second clutches varies with the periodicity of three-year and 12-year (multiple of three). Perhaps this is due to the three-year dynamics of the age structure, as the majority of Tree Sparrow yearling are monocyclic. Rhythm spectra of long-term changes in the linear dimensions and volume of eggs of the Tree Sparrow are very similar. The most powerful cycle lasts approximately 7-year, but there are 3-and 2-year periodic components less expressed on power. Probably the of egg dimensions cycling is determined by a variety of external and intra-population factors (food supply, age distribution of the population, timing and duration of their breeding season). References Vengerov P. D. Jekologicheskie zakonomernosti izmenchivosti i korreljacii morfologicheskih struktur ptic (Ecological regularities of variability and correlation of morphological structures of birds). Voronezh: Publishing house of Voronezh state University, 2001. 248 pp. Erdakov L. N. 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In the article the long-term dynamics of the total catch of the main commercial fish in the water bodies of the Vologda region were traced. It was stated that the total catch of smelt, vendace, burbot and whitefish declined most significantly, whereas, the total catch of bream, perch and roach grow quite rapidly in water bodies of the Vologda region. As a whole, the biomass and catches of fish of the Arctic freshwater faunal complex decrease in the water bodies of the Vologda region, but those of fish of the Boreal-plain and freshwater Pontian and Amphiboreal faunal complexes increase. The main reason of this is the long-term climate warming in the Vologda region. As a result, the proportion of relatively warm-water fish which breed in the flooded vegetation and their total biomass increase, while the same factors of cold-water fish reduce.

In the article the results of zooplankton studies in Lake Tarasmozero (Lizhma river basin) are presented. Wastes from the trout-breeding complex "Kedrozero" have been collected in this pond since 1992. The obtained data showed that from 1989 to 2012 a number of changes in zooplankton community take place and it is the evidence of the gradual increase in the trophic status of the reservoir. The average biomass of zooplankton increased from 500 to 1000 mg/m3. According to the trophic index (Myaemets, 1979), Tarasmozero is replaced into the category of mesotrophic water reservoirs (0.5 - 1.0). Saprobity index raised from 0.95 to 1.42. In the composition of the zooplankton there noted such species, as Polyarthra luminosa, Filinia longiseta, Trichocerca insignis, Daphnia longispina, Cyclops kolensis, which serve as indicators of increased trophic level in the conditions of moderate latitudes. After the trout farm started off, Bcrus/Brot indicator considerably decreased indicating to increasing role of rotifers in the formation of the total biomass of the zooplankton. Currently, the dominant species include D. longispina, Bosmina longirostris, Mesocyclops leuckarti, Asplanchna priodonta. In spite of the fact that the current changes are not catastrophic, it is reasonable to monitor regularly the initial links of the trophic chain of the reservoir ecosystem