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Copyright of ScienceRise: Juridical Science is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concepts of nation branding and urban marketing, their place and tasks in an image creation and promotion of the country, city or territory are studied in the paper. The main factors, which should be considered when developing the city brand - infrastructure, economic and socio-political, are determined. The criteria required for the strategic plan of the city development are proposed. Using the logo and city branding is an integral part of the city development and attraction of tourists and investment. When designing a logo and brand the experience of European cities should be taken into account. The examples of brands and logos of the cities in Western Europe, Russia, as well as Lviv and Odessa are considered. The main objectives of their introduction are given. The possible customers of city branding and objectives that may be pursued by them are given. Both successful and failed examples of creating and using logos are shown. It was found that the introduction of high-quality brand is a pledge of residents' satisfaction, using the logo encourages the authorities to the development of urban infrastructure, the construction of new cultural and sports centers, the art development that improves life quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of ScienceRise: Juridical Science is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ScienceRise: Juridical Science is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data about the effect of nanoadditives on the work of heat exchangers of small refrigerator in the literature are practically absent. It is difficult to find technical solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of small refrigerators. Thus, work on further research of small refrigerators with nanofluids as the working body becomes actual. Reduce the electricity consumption of refrigerator is possible by improving the efficiency of heat exchange systems. New heat transfer fluids with better thermodynamic characteristics are one option to improve heat transfer. An important achievement in the study of heat transfer fluids is the use of a colloidal mixture of primary coolant liquid and metal particles with the size of 1-100 nm. Initial versions of colloidal solutions, such as microfluids, resulted in formation of a precipitate, causing erosion of the friction surfaces of metal parts. Nanofluids are unconnected monoparticles located in the base fluid. Their use can increase the heat transfer more than 50% in actual refrigerators of heat exchangers even when the relative amount of nanoparticles is less than 0,3 %. The paper compares the parameters of the condenser of small refrigerating machine using pure refrigerant and nanoparticle additives. Further, a comparison of theoretical calculation and experimental data of the condenser are conducted. The experiment revealed that the use of nanoadditives increases the heat transfer coefficient by 16 % in comparison with the pure refrigerant, which makes them promising means of improving the efficiency of the refrigerator without requiring structural changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the prospects of using the method of processing solutions by the contact non-equilibrium plasma with reduced pressure to obtain nanosized metal compounds as highly dispersed powders and colloidal dispersions on example of obtaining oxygencontaining compounds of cobalt, copper and silver compounds in water solution. The difference of this method is the ability to use very dilute solutions, also thanks to its constructive design, the process of synthesis of particles is controlled by adjusting the parameters of plasma-chemical process. It is noted that this method has undoubted advantages in terms of versatility, low power, the possibility of obtaining a size of 10-100 nm particles. A separation into fractions by separating them in the water solution after the plasma chemical treatment is possible. The ability to control the process of synthesis of particles by adjusting the parameters of plasma chemical processing, ease of control parameters of the process, possibility of obtaining particles with the division on fractions, possibility of a significant reduction in energy consumption and improve product quality in the transition to film mode allows to speak about high prospects of this method to produce ultra and nanosized metal compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the advantages of using photonic crystal fibers in telecommunication systems. The relevance of the study is related to the fact that a large number of applications, such as the event in miniature sources of light of several wavelengths of new generation, based on the addition of the active functionality, ultrasensitive sensors, optical memory functions, require a high quality factor and single-photon sources of light. Photonic crystals are expected to be used in novel optical devices such as non-threshold laser diodes, LEDs single mode, waveguides with small losses low, sharp bends, small prisms and optical integrated circuit. They can even operate as a «left-handed materials», which are able to focus the waves transmitted in the sub-wavelength place due to the negative refraction. Photonic crystals could solve many of the problems that currently limit the speed and capacity of optical communication networks. For example, photonic crystals may be used to create new LEDs and lasers, which emit light in a very narrow wavelength range, as well as optical filters with high selectivity, which can be integrated on a single chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermodynamic cycle of ramjet in coordinate P-V, T-S, which is represented in the modern theory of air-jet engines (AJE), is performed with flow laws liquids and gases violation, because in zone H-B negative (against the flow) gradient of static pressure takes place, which make impossible gas flow coming it to the engine. This is connected with that while formula of thrust air-jet engine calculation in zone of control contour H-d paraboloid zone of braked flow generation had not be taken in to care, as a physical phenomenon, static pressure on the periphery of which, P*н, is a maximum in zone H-B, providing on any of air-jet engine’s work regime positive (by the flow) static pressure gradient, even with the presence of negative (against the flow) static pressure gradient in measure of supersonic fly speed inlet nozzle that provides gas flow moving into the engine don't breaking all mechanic laws of liquids and gases expiration, which say that air flow moving into the engine is possible only with positive(by the flow) static pressure gradient existence. In this paper, taking into account paraboloid zone of braked flow generation in control contour H-d as a physical phenomenon, is given a correct description of the operating principle of the ramjet, and on this basis, developed the correct thermodynamic ramjet cycle in coordinate PV, TS, which is the fundamental basis of the progressive «United propulsion theory on continuous flow». [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the decision support system, as a concept, structure and features of the use of information technologies, decision-making methods and the possible use of a decision support system according to experience and application of the methodology of SME «KIATON». The aim of this research is forming a hybrid model of coordinating decision-making in the implementation of the production process at the instrument-making enterprises by providing a computeraided algorithm of the hybrid agent. The method of formation of the coordinating decision-making formation was synthesized with the help of the extended model to reconcile the results of the decisions of local manufacturing subsystems that manufactures assembly units. Hybrid approach to the synthesis of model of coordinating decision-making formation for the rational organization of the production process of tools at the instrument-making enterprises is considered. This model makes it possible to identify and resolve conflicts that arise in the production process. It is shown that the hybrid model can be used as a part of the intellectual core of decision support systems in production management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the formation of the index, which reflects the feasibility of investing funds in the building projects. The main aim of the study is improving efficiency of the strategic plans for the development of the building sector in Ukraine by the research of algorithm to optimize the building industry management. In this paper the author suggested the formation of condition severity index of the building sector. Indexes characterizing the condition of the building system are used as the vector components. Two approaches are considered. In the first approach, it is established assessment of the severity (crisis) condition by experienced professionals and the selection of the weighting coefficients of the scalar function is carried out in accordance with the selected point scale. In the second approach, variation of severity index is approximated by time based on model representations about the mechanism of the investigated process and the selection of coefficients is carried out in accordance with the selected model. The results of their quantitative comparison are given. The author's approach to the index formation allows coordinating investment in the building projects. The feasibility of the proposed severity index is favorable to the decision-making stage of planning to invest in the building projects. The author's crisis intensity index allows determining the range of management and production changes that would lead to a reduction in costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the theoretical background of stages and scale of production of building materials. The problems that arise when planning the production of building materials are summarized. A necessary condition for an integrated approach to achieving a balanced system of the building sector is the development of organizational and methodological foundations. The main aim of research is to improve the efficiency of the enterprise for production of building materials for the implementation of the strategic development plan. Using the simplex method at the planning stage of production scale in the enterprise allows to determine the optimal production. This means maximum utilization of equipment employed in the production process. The paper presents the option of calculating the optimal scale of production under the given constraints. This method is suitable for the development and justification of actions aimed at ensuring the stable functioning of economic entities in the building industry. The results can be used in enterprises producing building materials, as well as allow raising the level of methodical, information and software. The proposed author's approach allows justifying the quantitative indicators of production of building materials in the implementation of the strategic plan of the enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The application of the flat compartments as modules of the models of tool surfaces for machine-building and other purpose in industries with the shape-generating technologies has been considered. The main purpose of the study is allocation and systematization the basic typical elementary flat compartments of tool surfaces, the use of which by means of the operator of parallel transport allows to reproduce virtually any of them. The application of the theory of multi-parameter affine mappings of the space and some of the results of our research in the direction of its applied unification have been discussed in this paper. A systematic morphological selection of elementary flat compartments of tool surfaces formed by the action of the operator of parallel transport, the results of which are visualized and mathematically described, was made in this paper. The methodical example of the practical application of development is being shown. The presented complex of geometric modules and their mathematical descriptions is being offered for a diversified use in computer-aided design to development with tool component, service-oriented to shape-generating machine-building and other technologies. The proposed system of flat compartments formed by the action of the operator of parallel transport allows to perform modeling of tool production objects of any complexity, from a flat in planning application to a complex profile shape-generating edge in manufacture of turbine blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses detection of computer attacks by analyzing behavior of the network elements. The aim of this study is to identify attacks using behavior of the network elements and their connections. Detection of computer attacks is the object of the work Modern means of intrusion detection allows us to collect and analyze information from computer networks. In this paper, we propose a model of attacks in the form of transitions of network elements. Transitions can be switched from safe to dangerous mode. Transitions used to filter actions of the system. The results presented in this work show that method is correct. Changes to the formula of attacks improved performance. A model of intrusion detection based on the information about the behavior of network entities can be used in real network. The research results can be applied to protect information by experts in high-speed systems. Achieved one of the main purposes of this work, which was to create a method of intrusion detection based on the analysis of the behavior of network entities. This method detects more dangerous transit ions than the works previously proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the monitoring of unauthorized places of waste accumulation as sources of environmental hazards. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the possibility of using widely available remote sensing data and GIS technologies for the rapid detection of these places, the analysis of their development and the construction of rational forms of environmental safety management. The article discussed the currently existing methods of decryption of satellite images and their use by others to solve similar environmental problems. Universal classification image does not reveal places of waste accumulation and to determine the degree of danger to the required accuracy. To select the area of waste accumulation in the image and determine its area requires the introduction of additional parameters. The research results show that the problem with the lack of methods for identifying elements that are the sources of formation of ecological danger still exist with the presence of methods and models for detecting waste dumps and tracking the dynamics of its distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the suggestion to apply the methods of reliability theory to assess the reliability of operation in a high intensity military situational specialist operators was made. As a model the model of chain with a weak link was selected. Arguments that the weak link in this model is a functional system of breathing are presented. For studying and evaluating the reliability of the respiratory system, the mathematical model of the respiratory system with optimal control, which involves automatic resolution of conflicts arising under certain conditions between the metabolic needs of the respiratory and cardiac muscles involved in ensuring the process of mass transfer of gases and tissues work of providing short-term and medium-term adaptation of the respiratory system to internal and external perturbations was used. Description of the iterative procedure of applying the mathematical and software is provided. It is shown that the functional reliability of the respiratory system as one of those that regulate the body's ability to work as a whole, provided mechanisms for sustainability and adaptation to the changing conditions of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the economic efficiency issues of the employment of hot water systems based on solarcollectors establishing in Ukraine. There have been determined the standard solutions to create hot water systems based on solar collectors. There have been calculated capitalized and current charges related with the launch and operation of these systems and the payback period. There have been analyzed the amount of energy produced by solar collectors of different power for water heating. As a result of the research conducted by the authors, they have reached a conclusion that the employment of hot water systems based on solar collectors is cost-efficient. Despite the high capitalized charges as compared to systems of electric and gas water heating they are compensated, on average, within 13-25 years. It is worth mentioning that one of the most important moments of such systems employment is not only their economic efficiency but also significant reduce of gas consumption in housing and utilities sector. This fact plays a fundamental role in ensuring the energy independence of Ukraine. The main deterrent restraining the mass employment of hot water systems based on solarcollectors in Ukrainian are sufficiently large initial expenses and lack of support on behalf of the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we discuss the problem of agricultural engineering is the need to improve the reliability of agricultural machinery based on the use of more efficient technologies both in their manufacture and in the repair industry. The main purpose of research is to study and choice of a method to increase the durability and life of working organs of tillers, taking into account design, technology and material science factors. Analysis of the causes that contribute to the wear rate of the cutting elements working organs of tillers, allows the development process of hardening of details as in their production and recovery. The dynamics of the deterioration of the basic elements of cutting the working bodies of the cultivator wing shares and plowshares. Based on the data developed and put into production technology of hardening of cutting elements working organs of tillers by the vibration deformation. The research results can be used in the manufacture of engineering for hardening of manufactured parts. We have developed a technique using vibration reduction hardening increases the service life and durability of working organs of tillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers necessity of raising ethical standards in the Ukrainian banking industry. In the context of the world community analyzing the consequences of deep financial crisis, time has come to reconsider the market paradigm in terms of morale and responsibility for its economic activity. The article analyses current state of Ukrainian banking sphere in terms of improving ethic standards of banking business. Main violations of business ethics on the part of banking institutions, bank depositors and loaners are identified. Significant attention is paid to the analysis of objective and mental factors of low economic culture of Ukrainian population. The authors define main directions of improving ethic standards of banking business as well as development of new forms of commercial banks, which raise confidence in financial system. The government's role in implementing higher ethical standards into banking business and raising financial and ethical awareness of population is also under study. It is assumed that the complex of measures of perfecting banking sphere presented in the paper would facilitate effective combination of market principles of doing business and the demand for morale and social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technology Audit & Production Reserves is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The need to control vegetable oils, packaged in PET on the content of phthalates, features of determining phthalates in vegetable oils is shown in the paper. The data on the migration of phthalates from packaging material is given, the need to monitor the content of phthalates in vegetable oils that come into contact with plastic packaging is shown. The procedure of purifying contaminated samples was developed and introduced. Adsorption purification of sunflower oil samples using inorganic adsorbent floricil was used. It is shown that the effectiveness of the proposed solid-phase purification of samples is caused by the need to control "internal laboratory contamination". Principle possibility of determining phthalates and their derivatives by gas-liquid chromato-mass spectroscopy was experimentally confirmed. Based on the research and analysis of scientific and technical literature, necessity to monitor the content of phthalates in vegetable oils for the purpose of food safety and specifying the appropriate control critical points of oil and fat production was proved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the possibilities of using vegetable raw materials in the meat processing industry. The study presents recipes of smoked sausages, specifies the amino acid composition, analyzes the amino acid score, and reveals the indicators of the biological value of proteins in new types of semi-smoked sausages that contain the flour of lentil sprouts and non-germinated lentils as well as spicy and aromatic plants with the aim of putting them into production. Semi-smoked sausages show an increase in the amount of essential amino acids by 2.146 mg/100 g (sample 1) and by 1.217 mg/100 g (sample 1.1) in comparison with the reference sample. An increase in the amount of essential amino acids is observed in all the samples: 2.216 mg/100 g (sample 2), 0.728 mg/100 g (sample 2.1), 2.766 mg/100 g (sample 3), and 1.722 mg/100 g (sample 3.1) in comparison with the reference sample. Semi-smoked sausages also demonstrate a significant increase in the use of the limited amino acid valine: by 2.81 % in sample 1, by 5.63 % in sample 1.1, sample 2, and sample 3.1, and by 4.22 % in sample 3. The amino acid score of the majority of amino acids in semi-smoked sausages is optimal. All products also contain a significant amount of lysine. In semi-smoked sausages with the use of non-germinated lentil flour, the amino acid score of methionine+ cystine grows from 1.73 % to 7.82 % in comparison with the reference sample. In semi-smoked sausages with the use of lentil sprouts flour, the amino acid score of fenilalanin + tyrosine grows from 7.29 % to 10.94 % in comparison with the reference sample. Amino acids contained in semi-smoked sausages are readily absorbed by the body: the KRAS of samples 1.1-3.1 is 14.38 %, 16.72 %, and 8.63 % lower than that of samples 1-3. The biological value of such sausages is also higher than of the reference sample--by 0.5 % in sample 1.1 and by 1.2 % in sample 2.1. The highest rate of comparable redundancy was found in the reference sample, which is 1.78 %. In semi-smoked sausages with lentil sprouts flour, it is by 4.73 % and 9.46 % lower in comparison with sample 1; it is by 5.05 %, 9.5 %, and 14.04 % lower in the research samples than in the reference sample. In semi-smoked sausages with non-germinated lentil flour, this indicator is also lower than in the reference sample--by 10.6 % (sample 2.1.). It has been found that the substitution of raw meat with lentil sprouts flour in an amount of 1.5 to 2.0 kilos per 100 kilos of raw meat is expedient and it raises the energy value of the new types of semi-smoked sausages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using mechanically deboned poultry meat (MPMO) to sell as mincemeat or recipe ingredient has a number of negative aspects that lie in the oxidation and microbiological stability reduction, caused by production factors and biochemical properties of such raw product as a result of the transition of bone marrow lipids and hemoproteins. On this basis, the paper is aimed at using protective protein emulsions (PPE) that contain mostly natural components and allow to some extent eliminate the negative impact of phospholipid compounds, heme pigments and so on. The results of the design and scientific substantiation of technological solutions that allow to increase the functional and technological and improve consumer properties of mechanically deboned poultry meat (chicken) by adding the PPE, protein preparation from pork skin ScangelA95, sodium ascorbyl palmitate antioxidant are given in the paper. It was found that introducing the proposed PPE leads to increased shear stress limit, reduced intensity of a specific dirty red color of MDPM towards pale red and pink, approximating color to characteristic for minced chicken from shin muscles, loss of gloss and matte appearance, improved mincemeat stability, which lies in reduced oxidation product formation intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SPN-structure, along with a Feistel network and a Lai-Massey scheme is one of the most common high-level constructs for building symmetric block ciphers. At the same time, not so many papers are devoted to the evaluation of its effectiveness, so research in this area are extremely important. The evaluation method, based on the possibility of distinguishing the SPN-structure from a random permutation is considered in the paper. This method was successfully applied to the Feistel network and the Lai-Massey scheme, so it was expedient to apply it to the SPN-structure as well. To solve this problem, the authors have put forward and proved a theorem on the maximum likelihood of distinguishing the SPN-structure from a random permutation. Algorithm-distinguisher that allows to make a distinction with a certain probability was developed for the 2-round structure. Also, it was proved that it is impossible to make a distinction for 3 or more rounds of the SPN-structure. The results can be used to compare the effectiveness of the SPNstructure with other high-level constructs of symmetric block ciphers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the shortcomings of the existing regulations, governing the construction of the measuring equipment for the power quality conformity assessment by such parameter as the levels of the higher harmonic components. Providing the necessary power quality parameters is a prerequisite for the normal operation of a significant number of power consumers and the power supply system as a whole. The key element that allows to effectively regulate the relationships between the consumer and the supplier of power at the legislative level is a regulatory framework. One of the most important quality indicators are levels of higher harmonics in the current and voltage signals. The method, based on the discrete Fourier transform should be used as the main method for measuring the levels of the harmonic components of the current and voltage signals. The experimental data and their analysis, indicating the impossibility of A class assessment with a literal fulfillment of the standards were also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental research of qualitative efficiency indicators of the electric energy recovery process in the subway was carried out in the paper. It was found that in Dnipropetrovsk Metro there is a significant untapped reserve of energy-saving from the electric energy recovery in the range of 15...50% of energy expenditure for train operation. However, train traffic volumes, strongly variable nature of tractive electric energy consumption and lack of regenerative braking system in subway trains do not allow to realize this potential today. The prospect of buying new and upgrading existing cars requires prior research of efficiency indicators of regenerative energy from braking of trains in the subway. As a result of the study, it was found that the energy, generated by electric trains while electric braking has intermittent nature (8...20 seconds) with decreasing power and contains a considerable variable component (30...50 %). Taking into account these indicators is relevant when selecting measures for the effective use of excess regenerative energy in subway trains since the return of unstabilized energy with such parameters to the primary energy system may make significant distortions and negatively affect operation of nontractive consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to identify the main controlled parameters (characteristics) of the engine, determined in experimental studies, which depend on a large number of parameters, uncontrolled during the experiment has caused the need to apply software identification tools that allow to reduce the complexity of these works. The paper presents the results of GT D045 mathematical model adaptation to the Optimum software system for optimization and identification of parameters and characteristics of power plants, developed in IPMash NAS of Ukraine, allowing to calculate the identification criteria, parameters and characteristics of the studied object using the same equations as in the design. The choice of variable and controlled parameters, as well as the range of their changes is described. The principles of further improvement of the methodology for setting the ranges of change of variable and controlled parameters, based on direct measurements of the material part and the experience of the researcher-developer are given. The results of solving a test identification problem demonstrate the possibility and feasibility of using the Optimum system for the identification of the mathematical model of GT D045 during its fine-tuning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers a possibility of using the Hurst method for analyzing time series. At present, improvement of locomotive efficiency monitoring methods allows expansion of the possibilities for analyzing and predicting the considered dimensions. The devised methods of prediction are based on the nonlinear dynamics, the theory of fractals, and mathematical statistics to determine the current technical condition of a diesel and generator set of locomotives, to correct the time between overhauls, and to introduce respective corrections in the planned dependencies for calculating the operational fuel consumption. We have specified the fundamentals for estimating the Hurst fractal index and analyzing its nature for different conditions of the time series components. It is determined that the time series analysis is preconditioned by the length of the series and the number of the studied intervals rather than the number of observations. The calculation and assessment of the Hurst index for the time series of locomotive fuel consumption served as the basis for the suggested monitoring of the technical condition as well as the devised method for calculating the ultimate resource of the fuel equipment, which facilitates planning and implementing its adjustments and repairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of heat power engineering in the modern conditions requires high-quality fuel with low sulfur content. Unlike liquid and gaseous fuels, brown coal has a high ash content and humidity. In order to improve the efficiency of thermal power plants, it is necessary to modernize the brown coal preparation process to lower sulfur content and reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere during combustion. Therefore, the development and introduction of new energy-saving heat technological installations for drying and fragmentation of carbon materials is an important scientific-technical problem which is solved in the framework of the scientific area - industrial heat power engineering. In the paper, new energy-saving methodology, allowing highly efficient continuous drying and simultaneous fragmentation of dispersed materials was developed at the newly created highly productive thermal vacuum installation. During the research on thermal vacuum drying of dispersed materials, analytical and experimental methods for determining moisture withdrawal from the investigated objects depending on the regime parameters of the thermal vacuum installation were used. Based on the results of scientific and technical research it was found that brown coal with the initial humidity of 40% and size of up to 8 mm is converted into a fine powder with a humidity of less than 1.0% for 14 seconds during drying in the thermal vacuum installation. The temperature of the dried brown coal at the heating element outlet did not exceed 76 °C at the heater temperature of 250 °C. Brown coal drying proceeds uniformly, the color changes from brown to black. This suggests that the sulfur content in the brown coal reduces. In our case, the sulfur amount in the dried brown coal has decreased by more than twice from 4.8% to 2.2%. The developed process of thermal vacuum drying and simultaneous fragmentation of brown coal allows to reduce energy costs per unit of the dried product, accelerate the drying process, obtain a fine powder of the dried coal with low sulfur content, which leads to reducing harmful emissions into the environment during combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-stage fine biomass gasification process for the low - power generation plants based on ICE, providing the tar content in the producer gas of no more than 7.1 mg/m³n that meets the requirements of the ICE producers was developed. Based on the results of experimental studies of the two-stage fine biomass gasification process, the effective process regimes were determined. The optimal range of the specific air flow, which provides a stable process of oxidative biomass pyrolysis in a dense layer at the pyrolysis temperature not exceeding 800°C is 25.0÷55.0 m³/(m² h). Efficiency of the oxidative pyrolysis process reaches 98.0% taking into account the disposal of all heat flows. Efficiency of the coke residue gasification process without the use of sensible heat of the producer gas is on average 78.0%. Using the sensible heat of the producer gas allows to improve gasification process efficiency to an average of 96.4%. Numerical and theoretical studies of gas ICE operation have shown that the gas ICE operation on the producer gas with a calorific value of 7.6 MJ/m3 is optimum. In this case, the fall of ICE effective power is 16.0%, and the cost of electric power generation is 0.39 UAH/(kW·h). The results of studies have also shown that increasing the natural gas proportion in a mixture of more than 40.0% is not desirable, since it leads to higher cost of electric power generation up to 1.04 UAH/ (kW·h) that corresponds to the cost of electric power from the external power system. Exergy analysis of a cogeneration plant has shown a high value of total exergy efficiency of 45%, while exergy efficiency of individual circuit elements, such as a pyrolyzer and gasifier reaches 96%, and the "ICE-generator" unit - 91%. Such values of efficiency are caused by deep disposal of all heat flows in the circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the power system reliability, it is necessary to organize efficient management. Effective management requires an integrated approach which takes into account the probabilistic nature of failures, stochasticity of modes, possible scenarios of the accident and its consequences. Technical risk most fully covers all the factors. The paper presents the fuzzy-statistical method for assessing the accident probability and risk in the power system. The proposed method takes into account the operation of system emergency automation devices and their operable or inoperable condition. Modeling of the 14-node test circuit of the power system was performed using the developed method. Probability of dynamic stability loss on the time interval was estimated for this circuit. The results have confirmed the adequacy of the developed fuzzy-statistical method and shown the need to consider the operation and condition of system emergency automation to obtain reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of energy dissipation in the main gas transportation on linear regions of pipelines and its impact on the hydraulic efficiency factor reduction is considered in the paper. The results of analytical studies of the potential and kinetic energy conversion into internal energy are presented. The primary objective of the research is to determine the effect of energy dissipation in the pipeline throughout the entire route on the hydraulic efficiency of the gas transportation system as a whole, and consequently on the hydraulic efficiency factor reduction in particular. In the paper, the above analytical studies are given and compared with experimental data. Positive convergence of predicted and actual results and their impact on the hydraulic efficiency factor was revealed. These findings are important to take into account for the operating gas transportation companies. The results allow to increase the capacity of main gas pipelines and thereby increase the hydraulic efficiency factor. The principle of implementation of the task and use of its results is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents numerical and experimental research on hydroelastic and elastic shell vibrations. It suggests methods for calculating natural vibration frequencies of constructions placed in the vacuum as well as their vibration frequencies while interacting with water. Testing a cylinder reservoir and a conical shell has proved the effectiveness of the suggested approach and confirmed the reliability of the findings. Filling a liquid in a construction significantly alters its dynamic properties, thus studying the vibrations of shells containing liquids in their inner cavities poses an important scientific and technical task. We have studied how a liquid influences vibration frequencies in a cylinder reservoir. The calculation results based on the suggested method were compared with the analytical conclusion and experimental findings. The natural frequency reduction factors obtained with the suggested method were close to the analytical conclusion and experimental findings. The research proved that their divergence fluctuates between 0.1 % and 2.8 %. Similar research was conducted for a conical shell, with numerous findings being compared to the experimental data. The divergence made up 2.0 % for vacuum vibrations and 7.0 % for vibrations of shells filled with a liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Truck pulling unit is a self-propelled machine that moves on all types of roads and is designed for the development, maintenance and overhaul of oil and gas wells. One of the most time-consuming operations, performed by the machine is "lowering - lifting" of pipes, weight of which can reach 80 tons or more. In Ukraine, this type of machines is manufactured by the Kharkov Plant of Transport Equipment (HZTO) on all-wheel drive (6x6) chassis of the truck KrAZ-63221-02, lifting capacity of which is 80 tons UPA-80PKh. This unit has eight speed transmission ranges in the "lifting" operation mode, which are provided by speed manual transmission, and winch band brake, which overheats and breaks down because of cyclic operations is a key braking element in the "lowering" operation mode. The authors propose to install stepless hydrostatic-mechanical transmission with foreign or domestic hydraulic units instead of a manual transmission of the truck KrAZ-63221-02, intermediate support and helical gear unit. Compiled and analyzed mathematical model of the proposed transmissions indicates that the use of stepless transmissions on the UPA-type machines is promising and feasible since this transmission can be used in two operation modes of "lowering - lifting". Herewith, band brake becomes an auxiliary element, and transmissions provide the operation of units with the weight of up to 100 tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with theoretical and experimental substantiation of the basic process laws of the sunflower cake extraction by unconventional solvent - ethyl alcohol. Industrial samples of sunflower cake in the form of granules and grits, for which the porosity parameters (porosity and filtration ratios) were defined, were subjected to the test. Physical model of the 8-step extractor, operating by the countercurrent irrigation principle was developed using a specially designed laboratory setup. The influence of some technological factors (duty of water, extraction time and oilseed material structure) on the sunflower oil extraction kinetics (original cake oil content variation in time) and miscella concentration at each extraction stage was experimentally found. Based on the experimental results, internal diffusion coefficient for ethanolic extraction of sunflower cake, depending on the porosity and filtration indicators was calculated using MathCad and MicrosoftExsel application package. It was shown that improved ethyl alcohol percolation in the granule is confirmed by the higher value of the coefficient of internal diffusion in the granule. The latter is about 2 times higher than that for the hexane extraction. New scientific data for the formulation of the values of process parameters for future technology were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the study of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment from organic impurities through sorption and desorption of organic solvents by polymeric membrane elements are presented in the paper. The processes of sorption by membrane elements are characterized by high efficiency, energy saving, possibility of fine separation of mixtures with obtaining high-quality products and their undeniable environmental safety. Sorption process lies in passing of certain organic compounds (solvents) of wastewater to the body of nonporous polymeric membrane elements (adsorbent), with the possibility of further desorption of absorbed compounds. Using such membrane technology allows to achieve a significant impurity concentration reduction, high wastewater treatment efficiency and raw materials consumption coefficient reduction due to the return of organic solvents in the production process. Membrane sorption with the subsequent desorption is a multifactorial process that is associated with the dissolution of organic components in polymeric membranes, which is accompanied by swelling of the membrane materials in organic solvents. The results of experimental studies of the dissolution kinetics of polar and nonpolar molecules in nonpolar membranes, swelling processes of polymeric membrane materials in organic solvents, diffusion coefficients of the most common solvents in polymeric membranes are given in the paper. Based on the experiments, the mathematical model of the adsorption process of organic solvents by polymeric membrane elements was developed. Mathematical model adequately describes the concentration distribution over the polymeric membrane element thickness. The model takes into account all process peculiarities, including swelling. Based on the model, concentrations of the most common organic solvents in industry were calculated in different sections of membrane elements. The results of experimental and theoretical research can be used in designing plants for water treatment from organic solvents, particularly, in selecting the fixed-bed adsorber design in the form of membrane attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment-based paper presents non-emulsion hybride copolymerization of acrylic acid and polydimethylsiloxane in making the most pure silicone acrylic polymeric surfactant. We have determined optimal conditions for the synthesis. The study of copolymerization kinetics by means of identifying the acid number has determined the best reasonable time and temperature for the reaction--2 hours and 120 respectively, since after 2 hours the acid conversion makes up 78%, whereas polymer yield is 66%. The synthesized silicone acrylic polymeric surfactant is a viscous transparent liquid that has no pungent smell and dissolves in organic solvents. We have identified and characterized the properties--mo-molecular mass, viscosity and surface tension--of the obtained silicone acrylic polymer. The polymeric surfactant can be used as surface modifier in lacquer and paint products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]