105 results
Search Results
2. [Planning of large city hospitals (apropos of the paper by V.A. Miniaev)].
- Author
-
Petrov ME
- Subjects
- Humans, Russia, Hospital Planning
- Published
- 1968
3. [Morbidity with temporary loss of working capacity among "year-round" and skilled worker contingents].
- Author
-
Laĭko FL
- Subjects
- Cellulose, Female, Humans, Male, Paper, Russia, Disability Evaluation, Morbidity, Occupational Diseases epidemiology
- Published
- 1973
4. [Etymology of russian terms in the anatomy of the urinary system].
- Author
-
Kutia SA, Eremin AV, and Alekseev MA
- Subjects
- Humans, Urethra, Kidney, Russia, Language, Ureter
- Abstract
This paper analyzes the etymology of the Russian names of the organs of the urinary system (kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra) and their separate parts (renal pelvis). It is shown that Russian anatomical terms originate from the root morphemes of the Indo-European language group, which convey morphological, physiological or anatomical features of this or that organ. At the moment Russian terminology is widely used in the study of anatomy and other fundamental and medical sciences in universities and clinical practice along with common Latin names and eponyms of names of these or other structures.
- Published
- 2023
5. [Mycobacterium abscessus complex representatives in patients with bronchopulmonary pathology: prevalence, peculiarities of cultivation and identification.]
- Author
-
Kalimulina KR, Ismatullin DD, Lyamin AV, Kondratenko OV, Kozlov AV, and Zhestkov AV
- Subjects
- Bronchi pathology, Humans, Lung pathology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous microbiology, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Prevalence, Russia, Bronchi microbiology, Lung microbiology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous diagnosis, Mycobacterium abscessus classification, Mycobacterium abscessus isolation & purification
- Abstract
More and more publications appear in the modern literature on the increase in the prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs), in particular, representatives of M. chelonae / Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSc). The paper presents data on the current classification of M. chelonae / Mycobacterium abscessus complex and its main representatives. The main data on the possible sources and ways of infection of MABSc patients in hospital are presented. The main features of cultivation on various nutrient media and their possible identification using modern methods are also indicated. The main risk factors for the development of mycobacteriosis in patients and the possible clinical picture are described. The prevalence of MABSc representatives in the structure of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from clinical material from 483 patients from the Samara region was assessed for examination for tuberculosis, and the prevalence from 933 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) from 55 regions of the Russian Federation from 2016 to 2019 was estimated. In total, as a result of the study, 316 NTM strains (65.4%) were isolated and identified in the first group of patients. M.abscessus was isolated and identified 10 strains and 5 strains - M.chelonae, which amounted to 3.2% and 1.6%, respectively, of all NTMs. In general, MABSc representatives were isolated in 3.1% of the examined patients. As a result of a screening study of patients with CF, 14194 microorganism strains from 933 patients were isolated and identified. Altogether M. abscessus was isolated and confirmed from 14 patients of different ages. Thus, the prevalence of MABSc among the examined patients with CF in the Russian Federation was 1.5%., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. [Quality management in biobank. World tendencies and experience of biobank of FSI «NMRC for preventive medicine» of the Ministry of healthcare of Russia.]
- Author
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Pokrovskaya MS, Borisova AL, Sivakova OV, Metelskaya VA, Meshkov AN, Shatalova AM, and Drapkina OM
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research, Humans, Preventive Medicine, Reproducibility of Results, Russia, Biological Specimen Banks standards
- Abstract
This paper provides several definitions of the term "biobank"; a list of standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) applicable to the activities of biobanks; analyzes the legal and ethical requirements; the Russian legal framework in the field of biobanking, the best international practices and recommendations; describes the experience of the development and implementation of quality management systems according to ISO 9001 in Biobanks established in different countries, and the experience of the Bank of Biological Material of the National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. The ISO 20387 Biobanking Standard, released in August 2018, combined the knowledge and experience of specialists from around the world and defined the general requirements that must be fulfilled by biobanks and repositories wishing to guarantee their customers the high quality of the preanalytical stage of scientific research, biological samples and associated data. In 2019, the Russian version of this standard is expected. Documents of the quality management system provide the reproducibility of activities on the main storage processes and facilitates the process of incorporating a new employee; conducting internal and external audits; Biobank knowledge management - continuous staff education. The introduction of an effective quality management system into biobank activity warrants the high quality of biological samples, the standardized pre-analytical stage, reliable, regulated long-term storage of biomaterial and related information for use in research purposes today and in future., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. [RESULTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY IN NEPHROLITHIAS IS ENDEMIC REGION].
- Author
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Davidov MI, Igoshev AM, and Dremin DI
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Endemic Diseases, Female, Hematoma epidemiology, Hematoma etiology, Hematuria epidemiology, Hematuria etiology, Humans, Kidney, Lithotripsy adverse effects, Lithotripsy instrumentation, Male, Middle Aged, Nephrolithiasis epidemiology, Pyelonephritis epidemiology, Pyelonephritis etiology, Retrospective Studies, Russia epidemiology, Lithotripsy methods, Nephrolithiasis therapy
- Abstract
This paper presents results of implementation (1993) of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in Perm region, in which nephrolithiasis is endemic. Results achieved with ESWL using two Dornier lithotripters in 6054 patients were analyzed in detail. 93% of the patients had complete and 6,2% partial stone destruction and clearance, therefore positive results were achieved in 99,2% patients. In only 0,8% of the patients ESWL did not result in stone destruction. ESWL complications were registered in 0,64% of patients and included: subcapsular kidney hematoma (0,03%), intense hematuria (0,15%), acute pyelonephritis (0,46%). Over the past 22 years since implementation of ESWL in Perm region with the use of 4 Dornier lithotripters the number of open surgeries for nephrolithiasis fell by 11 times (4% of all nephrolithiasis patients), nephrolithiasis mortality and length of treatment decreased by 5,4 and 4,1 times, respectively.
- Published
- 2015
8. [Introduction of quality systems into laboratory medicine: methodological aspects].
- Author
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Ivanov GA and Émanuél' AV
- Subjects
- Education, Medical, Continuing, Government Regulation, Guideline Adherence, Patient Satisfaction, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Quality Assurance, Health Care methods, Quality Improvement trends, Russia, Clinical Laboratory Techniques standards, Practice Management, Medical standards
- Abstract
The paper considers the problems of introducing the quality management systems (QMS) according to GOST R ISO 9001-2001 in the health care facilities of different forms of property and departmental subordination. It gives examples of successfully putting QMS into practice in the companies that manufacture products for laboratory diagnosis in accordance with the Russian and international standardization principles. Methods are presented for training the staff of the facilities in the QMS principles and making a dialogue between laboratories and customers.
- Published
- 2011
9. [Practical recommendations for the use of coagulometers].
- Author
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Kutepov MV
- Subjects
- Blood Coagulation Tests methods, Hemostasis physiology, Humans, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Russia, Blood Coagulation, Blood Coagulation Tests instrumentation, Equipment and Supplies
- Abstract
The paper describes the basic stages of operation on APH2-02, APH2-02-P, and APH4-02-P coagulometers. The operating sequence is considered when carrying out the prothrombin test, the most common coagulology test in the laboratories of Russia. In addition, recommendations are given, which allow the most typical errors to be avoided.
- Published
- 2011
10. [Current methods for serological diagnosis of syphilis].
- Author
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Zaĭko SD
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Humans, Russia, Syphilis immunology, Syphilis physiopathology, Syphilis Serodiagnosis methods, Syphilis Serodiagnosis trends, Treponema pallidum pathogenicity, Immunoblotting, Immunosorbent Techniques, Syphilis diagnosis, Treponema pallidum immunology
- Abstract
The paper gives information on novel diagnostic tests based on immunoblotting and immunochromatographic methods used to detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum. Whether these tests should be incorporated into an algorithm of the current serological diagnosis of syphilis is discussed.
- Published
- 2011
11. [Use of current technical teaching aids in postgraduate training of anesthetists].
- Author
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Neĭmark MI
- Subjects
- Humans, Russia, Anesthesiology education, Education, Medical, Continuing methods, Internship and Residency methods, Resuscitation education, Teaching Materials
- Abstract
The paper describes the unique experience in using and introducing the elements of a virtual approach to teaching practical skills. The Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation has a large stock of various training mannequins at its disposal. They are suficiently accessible primarily to postgraduate educational program students (clinical residents). But in accordance with the continuing professional development system, the medical specialists trained at the Department have a good chance of working through elaborate technical manipulations on the mannequins, if they wish or the need arises. The mannequins have a broad spectrum of simulating the clinical situations, as well as a control system for the correctness of a trained physician's actions. The high professional training of the Department's students is also maintained by the application of a number of new technical training aids, including video materials and multimedia presentations.
- Published
- 2009
12. [Current audiovisual technologies are a constituent of the continuing professional development concept].
- Author
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Bezrukova EIu and Zatsepa SA
- Subjects
- Computer-Assisted Instruction instrumentation, Humans, Program Evaluation, Russia, Audiovisual Aids, Computer-Assisted Instruction methods, Education, Medical, Continuing methods
- Abstract
The paper is devoted to the topical problems of using innovation, information and communication technologies (ICT) in the higher medical education system, including in postgraduate professional education. The paper shows the key principles for organizing an audiovisual technology-based educational process and gives numerous practical examples of the real use of ICT in the education of not only medical, but also other specialists and the results of studies of applying the current technical aids of innovation professional education. Since each area of manpower training has its specificity and unique goals, the authors propose the highly effective decisions to organize an educational process, which fully take into consideration of the specific features of professional education. These technologies substantially expand access to educational resources, which is of great importance for a strategy of continuing professional development.
- Published
- 2009
13. [Some problems in teaching anesthesiology and reanimatology at a higher medical educational establishment].
- Author
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Stepanov AV and Shapovalov KG
- Subjects
- Humans, Russia, Anesthesiology education, Education, Distance, Education, Medical, Continuing, Education, Medical, Graduate, Resuscitation education
- Abstract
The paper describes the experience of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Chita Medical Academy, in upgrading the quality of teaching at the pre- and postgraduate stages of education and the prestigiousness of the specialty for students. The forms of collaboration of the department's collective body with the Academy's governing body and the territory's health care structures are described. These undertakings have doubled the hours of teaching the subjects that are a sphere of anesthesiology and resuscitation at the pregraduate stage. The authors' experience suggests that 2-year clinical residency is the minimum training period under the present conditions. The innovation approach to solving the organizational and professional problems, which is proposed and tested by the authors, resulted in the provision of the health care facilities of the Transbaikal Territory with educated anesthetists-resuscitators (by 98.8%). The use of innovation educational technologies, including internet bases and internet libraries, and audiovisual and telecommunication technologies for distance education and counseling, makes an educational process interesting to young specialists and, overall, serves to increase the prestigiousness of the specialty.
- Published
- 2009
14. [Correction of intracranial hypertension syndrome using hyperosmolar solutions in patients with severe brain damage (multicenter randomized clinical study)].
- Author
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Polushin IuS, Krylov VV, Svistov DV, Belkin AA, Petrikov SS, Shchegolev AV, Leĭderman IN, Shatalov VI, Alasheev AM, Golikov MV, Guseĭnova KhT, Rudnik EN, Soldatov AS, Solodov AA, and Titova IuV
- Subjects
- Brain Injuries complications, Brain Injuries physiopathology, Glasgow Coma Scale, Hemodynamics drug effects, Humans, Hypertonic Solutions chemistry, Intracranial Hypertension etiology, Osmolar Concentration, Russia, Severity of Illness Index, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage complications, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage physiopathology, Syndrome, Treatment Outcome, Brain Injuries therapy, Hypertonic Solutions therapeutic use, Intracranial Hypertension therapy, Intracranial Pressure drug effects, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage therapy
- Abstract
The paper presents the results of a muticenter study of the effect of 3 hyperosmolar solutions (15% mannitol solution, 10% sodium chloride solution, and the combined solution HyperHAES containing 7.2% sodium chloride and hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5) on the value of intracranial pressure (ICP) (invasive ICP monitoring) and systemic hemodynamic parameters (PiCCOplus) in 94 clinical cases of intracranial hypertension (ICP more than 20 mm Hg) in 25 patients with acute cerebral pathology (severe brain injury, aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage). Intravenous infusion of the solutions was found to induce a reduction in ICP; however, this was most pronounced (by 30-40%) and longer (up to 4 hours) when HyperHAES solution was used. This solution produced not only an osmotic, but also hemodynamic effect.
- Published
- 2009
15. [Vaccine prophylaxis of tuberculosis: implication and problems].
- Author
-
Aksenova VA, Levi DT, Fonina EV, and Vundtsettel' NN
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age Factors, BCG Vaccine adverse effects, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Immunization Programs, Immunization, Secondary, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Russia, Tuberculosis epidemiology, BCG Vaccine administration & dosage, Tuberculosis prevention & control, Vaccination adverse effects
- Abstract
The paper presents data on vaccine prophylaxis in Russia. A sophisticated analysis of the data available in the literature on approaches to vaccination against tuberculosis in different countries of the world is provided. The results of the studies made by Russian investigators to develop different regimes of BCG re-administrations an their frequencies are given. The fact that it is necessary to change a tuberculosis prophylaxis calendar under the present conditions, by keeping in mind the age of a child and the epidemic situation in the country's region, has been established. A particular section is dedicated to the problem associated with the occurrence of complications in response to tuberculosis vaccine. Based on the Federal Center data on complications due to BCG/ BCG-M, the authors provide information on the incidence and pattern of complications occurring in Russia. As compared with 1995, the incidence of postvaccination complications slightly changed (21.1 in 100,000 in 1995 versus 20.3 in 2002-2003). In the children inoculated at a maternity hospital, postvaccination lymphadenitis was observed 2 times more frequently than in those vaccinated at a polyclini (77.1 and 37% of cases, respectively) and cold abscesses were 3.3 times less frequently than those inoculated at the polyclinic (19.1 and 63% of cases, respectively). The study has ascertained main reasons for the higher incidence of severe complications as BCG ostitis.
- Published
- 2009
16. [Topical aspects of organization of tuberculosis monitoring at the level of a subject of the Russian Federation (in case of the Belgorod Region)].
- Author
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Malykhina TI, Amel'chenko AA, Son IM, Kolomiets VM, and Belilovskiĭ EM
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Cohort Studies, Humans, Outpatients, Recurrence, Russia, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary drug therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Population Surveillance methods, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary prevention & control
- Abstract
The paper shows how a tuberculosis monitoring system is under development at the level of the Russian Federation subject--the Belgorod Region. The tuberculosis monitoring system allows an effective control of both tuberculosis-controlling measures determined by the existing normative documents and orders and supplementary measures to enhance the effectiveness of tuberculosis control in the region. Tuberculosis monitoring should be further improved at the regional region by the sections: outpatient visit, antiepidemic measures in the foci; children's sanatorium work, cohorts to be examined by a physio pediatrician.
- Published
- 2009
17. [Assessment of a risk for postoperative infectious complications in patients with fibrocarvous pulmonary tuberculosis].
- Author
-
El'kin AV, Titarenko OT, Esmedliaeva DS, D'iakova ME, Alekseeva NP, and Perova TL
- Subjects
- Adult, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Prognosis, Russia epidemiology, Surgical Wound Infection microbiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Pneumonectomy, Risk Assessment methods, Surgical Wound Infection epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary surgery
- Abstract
The paper analyzes whether it is possible to predict a risk for postoperative empyema, by studying a totality of characteristics of a patient, a pathological process, and the properties of MBT in 46 patients with progressive fibrocavernous tuberculosis. It also shows it actual to accomplish this task with a prediction accuracy of 89.5-100%, by simultaneously taking into account both the bacteriological properties of MBT (the magnitude of Mycobacterium tuberculosis excretion and viability) and different combinations of serum biological parameters that reflect the activity of an inflammatory process.
- Published
- 2009
18. [Role of intensive care consulting centers in reducing infantile mortality].
- Author
-
Aleksandrovich IuS, Pshenisnov KV, Parshin EV, Cherevatenko RI, and Gordeev VI
- Subjects
- Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal organization & administration, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal trends, Intensive Care, Neonatal organization & administration, Intensive Care, Neonatal standards, Intensive Care, Neonatal statistics & numerical data, Referral and Consultation organization & administration, Referral and Consultation statistics & numerical data, Referral and Consultation trends, Russia epidemiology, Infant Mortality trends, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal standards, Intensive Care, Neonatal methods, Referral and Consultation standards
- Abstract
The paper describes the major tasks, functions, and structure of intensive care consulting centers (ICCC), gives the variables characterizing the activities of ICCC, analyzes their impact on infantile mortality rates in a large region, by using the Leningrad Region as an example, and shows it necessary to set up an ICCC in all regions of the Russian Federation.
- Published
- 2009
19. [Prevalence of tuberculosis among children and adolescents in the Russian Federation: analysis of official statistics].
- Author
-
Mikhaĭlova IuV, Son IM, Skachkova EI, and Sterlikov SN
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Russia epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Ocular epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Urogenital epidemiology, Tuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
The paper provides the analysis of the prevalence rates of tuberculosis among children and adolescents in the Russian Federation, which has been made on the basis of the data available in official reporting forms Nos. 8, 33 (approved by the Resolution of the Russian Statistics Agency on November 11, 2005), and 47 (approved by Resolution No. 175 of the Russian Statistics Agency on September 10, 2002). Correlations between epidemiological indices have been calculated and assessed. The age-related features of the occurrence and course of tuberculosis have been studied among various age groups of children. It is concluded that in this situation in order to improve the epidemic situation among children and adolescents, emphasis should be primarily placed on the activation of intersectoral interaction of primary health care and tuberculosis service: to actively attract general practitioners, local pediatricians and therapists to prophylaxis in children.
- Published
- 2009
20. [Nonspecific lung diseases in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (issues of their prevalence, diagnosis and treatment)].
- Author
-
Kuklina GM, Iakimova MA, Punga VV, and Shmelev EI
- Subjects
- Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Prevalence, Respiratory Function Tests, Russia epidemiology, Treatment Outcome, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists therapeutic use, Cholinergic Antagonists therapeutic use, Lung Diseases, Interstitial diagnosis, Lung Diseases, Interstitial drug therapy, Lung Diseases, Interstitial epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary complications, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
The paper gives data on the prevalence of nonspecific lung disease in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the specific features of diagnosis and treatment of their concomitance in 3453 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It shows the low detection rate of nonspecific lung diseases in patients with pulmonary diseases. The high error rate has been established in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis at health care facilities. There is evidence that the use of current therapy for bronchial obstructive syndrome with inhaled cholinolytics and beta2-agonists in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis causes a reduction in the intensity of respiratory symptoms and an increase in forced expiratory volume in one second.
- Published
- 2009
21. [Main points of a modular approach to developing educational programs for the postgraduate training of physicians in the area of anesthesiology and reanimatology].
- Author
-
Sizova ZhM, Vyzhigina MA, and Buniatian AA
- Subjects
- Education, Medical, Continuing standards, Russia, Anesthesiology education, Education, Medical, Continuing methods, Physicians, Program Evaluation, Resuscitation education, Teaching methods
- Abstract
The uniquely shaped and contained structure of a modular approach to organizing an academic process, which comprises a conceptual rationale for the conversion of an educational process in accordance with a modular design, is detailed in the paper. All learning modules have the similar structure consisting of the following sections: background, general and specific objectives, contents, methods of teaching and assessment, the place and conditions of training. The authors provide evidence for the use of a module as a form of organization of individual educational programs, curricula, and academic plans of subject-matter during postgraduate training of physicians. Module education is shown to get over the fragmentariness of an academic process, by working out a comprehensive educational program and making a problem presentation of the contents in the module. The development of educational modules is to eliminate parallelism, temporary and logic gaps between various topics, to upgrade the quality of education, and to enhance the efficiency of a medical specialist's self-work. The authors analyze in detail the advantages of the module approach in improving an academic process during postgraduate training of physicians. They also present guidelines for the introduction of module technology in accordance with the principles of the European educational system.
- Published
- 2008
22. [Population-based epidemiological study of pulmonary tuberculosis in a number of rural regions of Tatarstan].
- Author
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Chukanova VP, Valiev RSh, Gergert VIa, Sergeev AS, Pospelov LE, Malenko AF, and Iksanov IIa
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Morbidity trends, Retrospective Studies, Russia epidemiology, Young Adult, Population Surveillance methods, Rural Population, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
The paper presents the results of a population-based, geneticoepidemiological, and immunological study conducted in two regions of Tatarstan. The population-based risks for tuberculosis were established for males and females. Based on the population and family data, the authors calculated the genetic liability to tuberculosis, namely hereditability that is in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 and includes the contribution of nongenetic and environmental factors. Analysis of the results of immunogenetic studies of the northwestern region of Tatarstan has ascertained that patients have an association with the HLA antigen B22, in the Kama Region there is an association with other HLA antigens: B12 and B16. The higher frequency of the HLA antigens B28 and CW1 in healthy individuals as compared with that in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) suggests the resistance of PT carriers of these antigens for the disease. A study of the distribution of HLA genes by polymerase chain reaction has established the association of the disease with the DR-B1-15 genes in the Kama Region.
- Published
- 2008
23. [Apparatus-free membrane plasmapheresis in the complex therapy of victims with crush syndrome during evacuation under the conditions of an aeromobile hospital of the Russian MChS Ministry].
- Author
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Popov AS, Loginov SP, Obraztsov NL, and Skorobulatov AV
- Subjects
- Acute Kidney Injury blood, Acute Kidney Injury prevention & control, Adult, Child, Crush Syndrome blood, Female, Humans, Male, Plasmapheresis instrumentation, Prospective Studies, Russia, Treatment Outcome, Air Ambulances, Crush Syndrome therapy, Plasma Exchange, Plasmapheresis methods
- Abstract
The paper analyzes the results of treatment in victims with the crush syndrome under the conditions maximally close to those of emergency situations. It is concluded that plasma exchange procedures should be performed within the next few hours after taking the victims from the obstructions, which reduces the risk of acute lung damage and death rates in this group of patients to a considerable extent.
- Published
- 2007
24. [Role of transplantation coordination in the development of organ donorship].
- Author
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Polushin IuS, Bagnenko SF, Loginov IV, and Reznik ON
- Subjects
- Delivery of Health Care organization & administration, Humans, Russia, Organ Transplantation, Resuscitation, Tissue Donors legislation & jurisprudence, Tissue and Organ Procurement legislation & jurisprudence, Tissue and Organ Procurement organization & administration
- Abstract
The paper considers the interaction of resuscitative anesthetists and transplantologists in the development of donorship in Russia. It is established that despite the presence of a full-fledged legal base, the-state-of-the-art of organ (cadaveric or postmortem) donorship in the country cannot be recognized as satisfactory. For this way out, the authors propose to introduce the institute of transplantational coordinators and consider the lines of their activities in case of Saint Petersburg public health care.
- Published
- 2007
25. [Tuberculosis and HIV infection: detection, follow-up, treatment: Moscow data].
- Author
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Nikitina LV, Sel'tsovskiĭ PP, Kochetkova EIa, Alekseeva LP, Zebnitskaia IS, Batyrov FA, Shchelkanova LI, Pirotskiĭ NN, Pliusnina TV, Iuditskiĭ MV, Lambaev TP, and Litvinov VI
- Subjects
- Adult, Catchment Area, Health, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Russia epidemiology, HIV Infections epidemiology, Mass Screening methods, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary therapy
- Abstract
The paper describes the follow-up and treatment of patients with tuberculosis concurrent with HIV infection in Moscow in 2004-2005. Major epidemiological parameters, such as morbidity, mortality, and prevalence of this comorbidity, are given. Analysis of these indices suggests that the epidemic situation associated with tuberculosis concurrent with HIV infection became worse in the past 2 years. As compared with 2004, in 2005 the number of such patients increased from 294 to 445, including that of first detected patients rose from 123 to 174. In this group of patients, there was a preponderance of young males aged 29 to 39 years. Most patients with this pathology suffered from drug addiction and alcoholism and other concomitant diseases. The bulk of them were unemployed and disabled. In the HIV-infected, the clinical forms of tuberculosis were severe with a predominance of acute and disseminated processes; the rate of drug resistance, including multidrug resistance, was high, which made treatment difficult and resulted in high mortality.
- Published
- 2007
26. [Geoinformation technologies in phthisiology].
- Author
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Khovanov AV, Nechaev VI, and Barkov VA
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Russia epidemiology, Topography, Medical, Tuberculosis prevention & control, Tuberculosis transmission, United States epidemiology, Urban Population, Geographic Information Systems, Tuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
Special geoinformation technologies (GIS), a new method for the pictorial data presentation as space-time ratios, have emerged in the past decade. The paper considers the theory of geoinformation analysis and the possibilities of applying GIS for tuberculosis monitoring. GIS may be effectively used in phthisiology only provided that the routine procedures for tuberculosis detection are practiced widely. GIS analysis may assist in detecting tuberculosis when contacts cannot be monitored in the usual fashion. Its results may be used to correct tuberculosis-controlling measures towards their point application. Extended studies can answer to what extent, the efficiency of tuberculosis-controlling measure will increase when they are used in the most possible tuberculosis transmission areas determined by the GIS techniques.
- Published
- 2007
27. [Hospital-replacing technologies in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].
- Author
-
Nechaeva OB
- Subjects
- Humans, Russia, Hospital Bed Capacity statistics & numerical data, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, Technology instrumentation, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Abstract
The paper presents data on bed reductions at tuberculosis care facilities in the Sverdlovsk Region. These data are compared with those in the neighboring regions. The main topic of the paper is the advantages of a day hospital over those of a day-and-night one. Indications for admission to a day hospital are presented. The 2004 statistical data on the work of a day hospital are given. The paper shows that hospital-replacing technologies are promising in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with tuberculosis in the Sverdlovsk Region.
- Published
- 2007
28. [The prevalence of abdominal tuberculosis and the specific features of its detection].
- Author
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Skopin MS, Batyrov FA, and Kornilova ZKh
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Russia epidemiology, Abdomen, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
A hundred and thirteen case histories of patients with isolated and generalized forms of abdominal tuberculosis were analyzed. The patients' age was 15 to 79 years; there were 86 (76.1%) males and 27 (23.9%) females. The patients were admitted more frequently from other tuberculosis facilities (66.7%) and less frequently from general hospitals (33.3%). In 62 (54.9%) cases, abdominal tuberculosis showed a complicated course. The residents of Moscow and its region, predominantly the unemployed (85.8%), prevailed in the structure of detected patients with abdominal tuberculosis. In the period of 2001 to 2004, there was a rise in the incidence of new-onset abdominal tuberculosis, its rate increased from 4.4 (2001) to 8.3% (2004) of the total number of patients admitted to Moscow clinical hospital No. 7 for extrapulmonary tuberculosis admitted. This gives no way of considering this site of tuberculosis to be rare. In the structure of abdominal tuberculosis, its generalized forms were prevalent (86.7%), which was associated with the late detection of abdominal tuberculosis and the significant increase in the number of HIV-infected patients from 14.3 (2000) to 33.3% (2004). Abdominal organ lesions were more frequently observed in severe generalized pulmonary processes, such as disseminated (45.1%), infiltrative (18.6%) or fibrocavernous (15.9%) tuberculosis. An algorithm of diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis and the rates of its detection by various studies are presented in the paper. Abdominal tuberculosis was diagnosed in 8.9% of cases by noninvasive comprehensive examination methods, in 18.6% by laparoscopy, and in most cases (57.5%) intraoperatively. In socially dysadapted persons, postmortem abdominal tuberculosis was detected in 15% of cases.
- Published
- 2007
29. [The scientific path of a laboratory of pathomorphology and electron microscopy].
- Author
-
Zemskova ZS and Gedymin LE
- Subjects
- History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Russia, USSR, Laboratories, Hospital history, Microscopy, Electron history, Pathology, Clinical history, Tuberculosis history
- Abstract
The paper shows the research directions of the staff of the laboratory of pathomorphology and electron microscopy, which cover the period from 1924 to the present time, which can be conventionally divided into 4 stages associated with the leading role of the laboratory's heads: Prof. V.G. Shtefko (1924-1945), Prof. V.I. Puzik (1945-1974), Prof. O.A. Uvarova (1974-1980), and Prof. V.V. Yerokhin (1980 up to the present time). The laboratory's researches are the productive path of phthisiomorphology. The tasks of the laboratory have been associated with the problems to be solved by the institute. This applies the morphology, pathogenesis, classification of tuberculosis, and changes in inflammatory reactions in response to the altered Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to specific and pathogenetic actions on tuberculosis. New living conditions give the laboratory's researchers new tasks that require their solution at a new technological level.
- Published
- 2007
30. [Adolescence tuberculosis in Moscow: epidemiological situation and problems].
- Author
-
Ovsiankina ES and Stakheeva LB
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Catchment Area, Health, Female, Humans, Incidence, Male, Prevalence, Russia epidemiology, Pulmonary Medicine standards, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
The paper provides the data of analysis of antituberculous care to teenagers in Moscow and characterizes its problems. Emphasis is placed on the tense and unstable situation associated with the detection of the disease in this age group. In the bulk of adolescents, the disease is identifies when they come to see a doctor, including at somatic hospitals. Active tuberculosis detection techniques (tuberculin diagnosis and fluorography) fail to produce adequate effect mainly due to organizational problems (the bulk of teenagers are outside the organized collective bodies or the latter are frequently changed; the detection of tuberculosis in Moscow nonresidents or in whose who enter secondary specialized colleges claims attention). Age-related sociomedical risk factors, such as hormonal rearrangement, comorbidity, a negative attitude towards preventive medical measures, deviant behavior, social family, and dysadaption, are of importance for the development of tuberculosis. A sociomedical portrait of an adolescent with tuberculosis is given. Attention is drawn to the fact that on implementing antituberculous measures, it is a need for an interaction of a tuberculosis-controlling service with general care health network facilities, including those that deal with the problems of social diseases and educational establishments.
- Published
- 2007
31. [Psychosomatic characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].
- Author
-
Siresina NN, Strel'tsov VV, Stolbun IuV, and Sel'tsofskiĭ PP
- Subjects
- Comorbidity, Humans, Prevalence, Psychophysiologic Disorders psychology, Russia epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index, Psychophysiologic Disorders diagnosis, Psychophysiologic Disorders epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
Medical and psychological studies have established that the personality of a psychosomatic patient has characteristic specific features that determine his emotional reactions and lead to psychological and physiological destructions. Searching for the specificity of psychogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis may be guided by the V. N. Myasishchev provisions of psychology of relations and should be aimed at analyzing the patients' significant experiences that cause their prolonged affective tension. This paper defines the tasks of studying the psychological and neuropsychological features of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and specifies an adequate set of psychodiagnostic procedures to solve the put problems. The findings may provide insight into the specific character of psychogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis and into a relationship of the psychological traits of patients with this nosological entity to the physiological processes at the somatic and cerebral level.
- Published
- 2007
32. [The centralized mycobacteriological laboratory is a necessary component of a phthisiological service in large towns of Russia].
- Author
-
Dorozhkova IR, Freĭman GE, and Moroz AM
- Subjects
- Catchment Area, Health, Humans, Mycobacterium Infections epidemiology, Pulmonary Medicine standards, Russia epidemiology, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Urban Health Services statistics & numerical data, Bacteriology organization & administration, Laboratories organization & administration, Mycobacterium Infections complications, Mycobacterium Infections microbiology, Pulmonary Medicine organization & administration, Tuberculosis microbiology, Urban Health Services organization & administration
- Abstract
The paper presents the main points of the authors' own concept of the centralization of mycobacteriological service in large towns of the Russian Federation. The main points of step-by-step organizational and methodological measures required to solve this problem are described in detail. Consecutive measures to realize the proposed mycobacteriological service centralization model originated in January 2004 on a model of the Moscow Eastern Administrative District with 1380 thousand inhabitants are described.
- Published
- 2007
33. [Neonatal monitoring of congenital hypothyroidism in a mild iodine-deficiency region].
- Author
-
Radzivil TT and Krat IV
- Subjects
- Congenital Hypothyroidism blood, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mass Screening methods, Monitoring, Physiologic methods, Retrospective Studies, Russia, Thyrotropin blood, Congenital Hypothyroidism epidemiology, Iodine deficiency
- Abstract
The paper analyzes the 2001-2004 data on congenital thyroid deficiency in a mild iodine-deficiency region. There is an increase in the number of neonatal infants with abnormally high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values. There is evidence that there is a need for neonatal TSH screening. The latter makes it possible to diagnose congenital thyroid deficiency from the first days of a baby's life and to prevent serious consequences in future.
- Published
- 2006
34. [Biochemistry in the formation of modern phthisiosurgery: its role and prospects].
- Author
-
Kaminskaia GO
- Subjects
- Humans, Russia, Biochemistry trends, Thoracic Surgery trends, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary surgery
- Abstract
The paper reviews the development of biochemical studies in phthisiosurgery, by comparing the needs of resuscitation and anesthetic provision of major thoracic operations and the management of the postoperative period. Emphasis is laid on the leading role of biochemical monitoring in the prevention and treatment of postoperative events, such as acute renal failure, metabolic alkalosis, thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, and others. The prospects of further researches dealing with the problems of postoperative pathophysiology are considered in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
- Published
- 2006
35. [Prevalence of primary drug resistance in M. tuberculosis in four administrative areas of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation].
- Author
-
Baranov AA, Mar'iandyshev AO, Nizovtseva NI, Oparina EN, Presnova SE, Gvozdovskaia LA, Markelov IuM, Trekin IA, Tungusova OS, and Mannsoker T
- Subjects
- Humans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Prevalence, Russia epidemiology, Tuberculosis drug therapy, Tuberculosis microbiology, Antitubercular Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Tuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
The paper describes the results of radiometric BACTEC assay of drug susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, isolated from 81 new cases of tuberculosis, to first- and second-line antituberculosis drugs in four administrative areas of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation. The results of determination of drug susceptibility to the antituberculosis drugs by the absolute concentration method and the BACTEC method are also compared. Primary drug resistance has been revealed in 58.0%; multidrug resistance in 34.6%. Comparison of the results of determination of drug susceptibility by the methods revealed no significant discrepancy between both methods; however, the procedure for drug susceptibility to some drugs requires improvement.
- Published
- 2006
36. [Impact of phthisiosurgery on the development of morphological studies of the lung].
- Author
-
Gedymin LE, Lepekha LN, Zemskova ZS, Ziuzia IuR, Diukanova MIa, and Erokhin VV
- Subjects
- Europe, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Lung surgery, Russia, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary pathology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary surgery, Biomedical Research history, Lung pathology, Thoracic Surgery history, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary history
- Abstract
The paper describes the most important developmental stages of phthisiomorphology in chronological order, by using as an example the work of the Pathomorphology Laboratory, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, since its organization. It also shows the stages of phthisiosurgery with the inestimable scientific and practical contribution of the works by L. K. Bogush and his followers from the formation of lung surgery to today's achievements. The authors give examples of the long-term working partnership of surgeons and morphologists in the development of these two disciplines, which was fruitful in deciding many issues of phthisiology.
- Published
- 2006
37. [Thirty-five years' experience of thoracic surgery].
- Author
-
Levashov IuN, Akopov AL, El'kin AV, Iablonskiĭ PK, Orlov SV, Mosin IV, Varlamov VV, and Levashev NIu
- Subjects
- History, 20th Century, Humans, Russia, Thoracic Surgery history
- Abstract
The paper pools the experience gained in the surgical treatment of lung malformations in children and adults, which has been used to develop their current classification. It also presents the outcomes of surgical treatment of acute infectious lung destructions, by taking into account the Marchuk severity index. Modes of surgical treatment of bullous pulmonary emphysema have been provided, which yield minimum postoperative mortality rates (3%). The experience of surgical treatment of 110 patients with cicatrical tracheal stenosis is summarized. The authors also present the results of operations made in 390 patients with Stage III non-small cell carcinoma of the lung, specify indications and procedures for resection of the bifurcation of the trachea when the latter is involved in the tumorous process. They also summarize the experience gained in having performed more than 300 operations in the past 5 years for progressive pulmonary tuberculosis, with 2.7% mortality, and 106 final pneumonectomies for postoperative recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. The experience with allografting of the trachea (n = 2) and lung (n = 3) is important and little studied in our country.
- Published
- 2006
38. [L. K. Bogush's role in the development of surgical treatment for tuberculosis and other respiratory pathology in children and adolescents].
- Author
-
Ogaĭ IV
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, History, 20th Century, Humans, Russia, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary surgery, Thoracic Surgery history, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary history
- Abstract
The paper briefly describes data on the first operations on the lung made in children at the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis for pulmonary tuberculosis under anesthesia. According to L. K. Bogush's recommendations, the author has first made clinicomorphological and bacteriological comparisons of different pathological tissue from 105 children and adolescents operated on for pulmonary tuberculosis, 81 biopsy specimens being abacillary. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in 54.3% of the operative biopsy specimens from the patients long (mean 1.5 to 2 years) treated by antibiotics. L. K. Bogush defined indications for surgical treatment for different clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Six hundred and twenty-seven operations were performed in 589 children and adolescents. All types and volumes of lung resections, pneumonectomy, pleuropneumonectomy, pleurectomy, lymphonudulectomy(tomy), and main bronchi occlusion were made. Operations were performed mainly via lateral access, without crossing the ribs.
- Published
- 2006
39. [Organization of anesthesiological and resuscitative care delivered to the wounded and patients in the large specialized hospital].
- Author
-
Gavrilin SV, Gerasimov GL, Boiarintsev VV, and Lopata VN
- Subjects
- Hospitals, Military standards, Humans, Quality of Health Care, Russia, Anesthesia standards, Delivery of Health Care organization & administration, Hospitals, Military organization & administration, Resuscitation standards, Wounds and Injuries therapy
- Abstract
On the basis of an analysis of the specific features of organization of anesthesiological and resuscitative care, the authors formulate a number of points that are of great importance for the quality of work. They give the optimal recommendations for organizing the professional activities of physicians of intensive care units and consultants. The paper presents conceptual sketches of the training of anesthesiologists working in a specialized center are presented. The authors show it necessary to follow the principle in the gradation of anesthesiological and resuscitative care.
- Published
- 2005
40. [Problems in emergency care for concomitant injury in the Saratov region].
- Author
-
Sadchikov DV, Lushnikov AV, and Arkhipov IV
- Subjects
- Emergency Medical Services standards, Humans, Russia, Emergency Medical Services methods, Multiple Trauma therapy, Quality of Health Care
- Abstract
The paper deals with the topical problem in emergency care delivered to patients with severe concomitant injury at its all stages (prehospital, hospital, and interhospital transportation ones). The authors analyze the activities of anesthesiological-and-resuscitative units of therapeutic-and-prophylactic facilities in Saratov and its region from 1993 to 2003. The paper presents principal schemes of delivering emergency care in severe concomitant injury and considers the problems (material, logistic, professional, and organizational) hampering the delivery of emergency care, interhospital transportation, and the rendering of various medical aids at different-leveled hospitals. The authors propose possible ways of their solution, which may ensure the timeliness of medical aid delivered to patients with severe concomitant injury, improve its quality, reduce mortality and disability rates in the patients.
- Published
- 2005
41. [Sensitivity of clinical strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae circulating in Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region].
- Author
-
Kobenko EG, Gerasimova NM, Sergeev AG, Skidan NI, Shcherbakova NV, and Churakov AS
- Subjects
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolation & purification, Russia, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Neisseria gonorrhoeae drug effects
- Abstract
The paper presents the results of determination of sensitivity of 154 gonococcal strains isolated from the patients, who were treated at the clinic of the Urals Research Institute of Dermatovenereology and Immunopathology and the Sverdlovsk Regional and Yekaterinburg City Dermatovenereological Dispensaries in 2001-2003, to penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, sparfloxacin, and moxifloxacin. It also shows the preponderance of moderately penicillin-resistant gonococci (75.3%) and their trend towards their transformation to resistant strains, tetracycline-resistant (74.0%), ciprofloxacin-sensitive (89%), and ceftriaxone-sensitive (82.5%) strains, as well as the absence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to spectinomycin, sparfloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
- Published
- 2005
42. [The specific features of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection in the Republic of Kalmykia (from the practice of The Republican AIDS Center)].
- Author
-
Sanzhieva DB and Boldyreva LN
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Child, Female, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections immunology, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Russia epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index, Survival Rate trends, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis immunology, HIV, HIV Infections complications, Tuberculosis complications
- Abstract
The paper analyzes the epidemic situation associated with tuberculosis and AIDS in the Republic of Kalmykia and shows the high incidence (21.2%) of tuberculosis in the HIV infected. The authors propose a classification of tuberculosis and AIDS according to the clinical manifestations and outcome of a disease. Tuberculosis associated with HIV infection has been established to run most severely in socially unfavorable groups of patients. The timely and regular preventive treatment of tuberculosis in the development of immunosuppression (CD4, 200 cells or less) makes it possible to postpone and, at times, prevent the development of a tuberculous process in these patients. Combined antiviral therapy permits more effective treatment of tuberculosis.
- Published
- 2005
43. [The quality of bacteriological detection and determination of drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the participants of the External Clinical Laboratory Study Quality Assessment made by the Federal System in 2002-2003].
- Author
-
Malakhov VN, Irtuganova OA, Khaĭdukova IL, Levi DT, Golyshevskaia VI, and Erokhin VV
- Subjects
- Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests standards, Mycobacterium Infections epidemiology, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria isolation & purification, Russia, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Bacteriological Techniques methods, Bacteriological Techniques standards, Laboratories standards, Laboratories statistics & numerical data, Microbial Sensitivity Tests statistics & numerical data, Mycobacterium Infections complications, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis microbiology
- Abstract
The paper presents the results of the assessment of the quality of cultural detection and determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) sensitivity at Russia's public health laboratories, which has been made by the Federal System for External Assessment of the Quality of Clinical Laboratory Studies in 2002-2003. The "Bacteriological Detection" Section involved 102 laboratories, of them 57 laboratories also participated in the section "Detection of Drug Resistance". Sixty-three laboratories operated as part of specialized tuberculosis-controlling service facilities and 39 laboratories worked as part of general medical care therapeutic-and-prophylactic institutions. A set of 5 lyophilized samples containing 2.5 x 10(6) M. tuberculosis H37Rv (n = 1); 2.5 x 10(4) M. tuberculosis H37Rv (n = 2); M. fortuitum (n = 1); E. coli in the mixture with autoclaving-killed M. tuberculosis H37Rv (n = 1). 77% of the laboratories could detect in the cultural sample with a high content of M. tuberculosis, by obtaining a correct result; 85% revealed MBT if only in every three MBT-containing samples; 15% of the laboratories could not find MBT in none of the three positive samples. 12% of the laboratories took the growth of microorganisms in the M. fortuitum-containing sample for that of M. tuberculosis. 58% of the laboratories obtained correct results if only in one sample containing M. tuberculosis H37Rv; 42% reported the detection of resistance to one or several antituberculous drugs in the samples containing the drug-sensitive strain H37Rv (a false drug resistance). All the results of determination of drug resistance (DR) in the M. fortium-containing sample were correct. The findings suggest that it is necessary to increase the professional competence of laboratory personnel to the level that ensures the adequate of fulfillment of the standard protocols for detecting MTB and determining DR, which have been introduced by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation through its order No. 109 on March 21, 2003.
- Published
- 2005
44. [The tuberculosis situation in the penitentiaries of Buryatia and measures of its stabilization].
- Author
-
Zarbuev AN
- Subjects
- Humans, Moldova epidemiology, Morbidity trends, Prisoners statistics & numerical data, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Russia epidemiology, Tuberculosis transmission, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Prisons statistics & numerical data, Tuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
The paper presents the results of the tuberculosis situation in the penitentiaries of the Republic of Buryatia. It analyzes organizational measures for prevention of tuberculosis and its early detection in the prisoners and reflect the main reasons of the spread of tuberculous infection in the reformatories. The paper also shows the interdepartmental interactions of the medical service of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in the Republic of Buryatia with the Republican Tuberculosis Dispensary in notifying and controlling the patients who are in the reformatories, as well as the mechanisms of deporting the accused and convicts who suffer from tuberculosis.
- Published
- 2005
45. [Spread of multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium and its impact on the efficiency of treatment in patients with tuberculosis in the penitentiaries of the Arkhangelsk Region].
- Author
-
Mar'iandyshev AO, Nizovtseva NI, Glomozda PG, Panasik VP, Duginova TN, and Kuznetsov AA
- Subjects
- Humans, Morbidity trends, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Retrospective Studies, Russia epidemiology, Sputum microbiology, Treatment Outcome, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant microbiology, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Prisons statistics & numerical data, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant drug therapy
- Abstract
The paper deals with drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the prisons of the Arkhangelsk Region. The present study was undertaken to examine the spread of multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its impact on the outcomes of treatment of new cases of tuberculosis in the penitentiaries of the Arkhangelsk Region.
- Published
- 2005
46. [The association of tuberculosis with the specificities of the HLA gene DRB1 in different regions of Tuva].
- Author
-
Pospelova LE, Matrashkin AG, Larionova EE, Eremeev VV, and Mes'ko EM
- Subjects
- Female, HLA-DRB1 Chains, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical statistics & numerical data, Male, Russia epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary transmission, Genetic Predisposition to Disease epidemiology, HLA-DR Antigens genetics, Haplotypes genetics, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary genetics
- Abstract
The fact that genetic factors largely determine susceptibility to different diseases, including those of infectious nature is beyond question now. Tuberculosis is not an exception in this respect. HLA genes that determine different immunological phenomena make a certain contribution to tuberculosis susceptibility. This paper presents the results of typing using the polymerase chain reaction from the specificities of the HLA gene DRB1 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals in different regions of the Republic of Tuva. The studies in these regions of Tuva have revealed a significant positive association of tuberculosis with the specificities of HLA DRb1 13(6) and HLA DRB1 14(6). Analyzing 14 families of patients with tuberculosis has shown that HLA haplotypes from the sick parents who carry the specificities of HLA DRB1 13 and/or DRb1 14 are more frequently transmitted to sick children than to healthy ones. High morbidity in the indigenous dwellers of the Republic of Tuva may be associated with these specificities of the HLA gene DRB1, which is due to the national peculiarities of the native population of this republic.
- Published
- 2005
47. [Ways of optimizing the work of tuberculosis sanatoriums for children and adolescents].
- Author
-
Lozovskaia ME
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Child, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Russia epidemiology, Socioeconomic Factors, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Delivery of Health Care organization & administration, Health Resorts statistics & numerical data, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary therapy
- Abstract
The activities of two federal and regional tuberculosis sanatoriums for children and adolescents were analyzed. The clinical characteristics and the results of the examination and treatment were studied in 510 patients aged 12-17 years who had various manifestations of tuberculous infection. The beds in the sanatoriums were ascertained to occupy irrationally: the proportion of patients with local forms of tuberculosis there is not more than 30%. Guidelines for selection of children and adolescents with tuberculosis from risk groups and for detection of the disease were developed. A proposal was made to set up consultative and diagnostic centers at the sanatorium basis. The paper shows it possible and expedient to treat children and adolescents with new-onset local, non-destructive forms of tuberculosis under the conditions of a sanatorium.
- Published
- 2005
48. [The results of antituberculous care delivered to the population in Russia in 2003].
- Author
-
Shilova MV
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Child, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Incidence, Male, Mass Screening methods, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance methods, Prisoners statistics & numerical data, Russia epidemiology, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary therapy
- Abstract
The paper presents the results of the activities of tuberculosis-controlling facilities and the general medical network rendering an antituberculous care to the population of Russia in 2003. The epidemic situation in Russian remains to be of strain. There is stabilization or an insignificant improvement of some indices of tuberculosis-controlling work.
- Published
- 2005
49. [Organization of antituberculosis aid to patients with HIV infection in Russia].
- Author
-
Frolova OP, Iakuboviak V, and Korobitsin AA
- Subjects
- Humans, Russia, Tuberculosis complications, Communicable Disease Control organization & administration, HIV, HIV Infections complications, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Tuberculosis therapy
- Abstract
According to the data of the WHO European Regional Office, Russia is now among the countries of Europe, in which tuberculosis and HIV infection are a most pressing problem. In this connection, it has been necessary to promptly determine measures to improve the epidemiological situation. For their elaboration within the high-leveled working tuberculosis group, the ad hoc group "Tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection" working jointly with WHO specialists has been set up in Russia. This paper gives the basic activity lines required for organizing the systems of prevention, epidemiological surveillance, detection of tuberculosis, medical and diagnostic antituberculous aid to patients with HIV infection in Russia.
- Published
- 2005
50. [Characterization of changes in the epidemiological tuberculosis situation in Russia on the basis of integral estimates].
- Author
-
Sazykin VL
- Subjects
- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Russia epidemiology, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Disease Outbreaks statistics & numerical data, Tuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
The paper substantiates and provides evidence for that it is necessary to use summarized estimates to characterize the tuberculosis endemic situation. Some individual epidemiological indices are inadequately estimated to give a correct idea of epidemiological well-being. By using his own method for deriving an integral estimates, the author has analyzed the dynamics of the tuberculosis situation in Russia in 1985 to 2003. Two turning points have been established in the dynamics of the epidemic situation: 1) improvement up to 1991 inclusive and 2) a subsequent deterioration up to 2002, thereafter the epidemic situation had tended to improve. A correlation matrix has been derived, which reflects a correlation of integral estimates with individual epidemiological indices.
- Published
- 2005
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