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This article, composed using literary sources and archival materials, is dedicated to the 155th anniversary of Alexander Grigoryevich Lyutkevich - a prominent Russian ophthalmologist of the late 19th and early 20th centuries (12.09.1867-18.04.1928) and one of the founders of the Voronezh Medical Institute. The paper traces the main stages of his biography, notes his work in rapid-reaction emergency care units, and pays attention to his teaching activities. The importance of Lyutkevich's doctoral dissertation on the treatment of high myopia is emphasized. The article also highlights his important role as editor of the classic textbook "Course of eye diseases" by A.A. Kryukov. In Lyutkevich's public activities, his contribution to the establishment of the Society of Ophthalmologists in Moscow is particularly noteworthy. Lyutkevich's high organizational skills are highlighted, which were clearly manifested in the Yuriev University and in the creation of the medical faculty of the Voronezh University.

Objective: This paper presents an analysis of polymorphic gene loci, the products of which are directly involved in the molecular mechanisms of regulation of neurophysiological processes., Material and Methods: The sample of subjects consisted of 128 unrelated males and females living in the European part of Russia. The study assessed the frequency of occurrence of 11 single-nucleotide substitutions located in genes encoding serotonin receptors, ciliary neurotrophic factor, uncoupling protein 2, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methionine synthase, methionine synthase reductase, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase 1, gamma-coactivator of the receptor activated by the proliferator peroxisome and neurotrophic factor of the brain. Genotyping of the samples was carried out by PCR with fluorescence detection and analysis of the polymorphism of the lengths of restriction fragments., Results: The distribution of polymorphism genotypes corresponded to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with the exception of rs1801133 MTHFR (χ 2 =5.3088, p =0.0212) in which a decrease in heterozygosity was observed. These studies of minor allele distribution have no statistically significant deviations from the European population, but there are deviations from the Asian, African, and Latin American populations., Conclusion: Statistically significant correlations of allele frequencies in the study group with populations from other regions and the studies conducted in them are the basis for the inclusion of selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the list of a limited set of molecular genetic markers, which makes it possible to supplement the system of mental health monitoring and improve the professional training of people in extreme professions.

This paper discusses modern approaches to the diagnosis and management of patients with piriformis syndrome. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of this syndrome in neurological practice are presented. The anatomical features of this region, leading to the formation of piriformis syndrome, are described in detail. The authors provide diagnostic criteria based on neurological examination and manual muscle testing and discuss the differential diagnosis of piriformis syndrome. New possibilities of treating this syndrome using a fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine registered in the Russian Federation as a drug for intravenous infusion neodolpasse are discussed in detail. The authors cite materials from their own work, a clinical case of managing a patient with piriformis syndrome using neodolpasse is analyzed.

The paper presents the life and creative career of Professor Alexander Alexandrovich Vasiliev, MD, a prominent Russian pathologist, one of the organizers of Red Army postmortem service, team physician.

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is common practice to use two classification systems: the Lauren classification system and the WHO classification of tumors in the morphological study of gastric carcinomas. Since 2010, the WHO classifications have included the term "poorly cohesive carcinoma", which refers to all diffuse forms of gastric cancer, including signet ring cell carcinoma and other subtypes. Despite this, the term has not been widely used in the world community, and it is almost not found in Russian literature. Only recently, after the publication of the 5th edition of the WHO classification (2019), there have been review articles where the term is used, but its name can be translated into Russian in different ways: poor-, weak -, low-adhesive, discogesive. The paper analyzes the Pubmed and Elibrary databases in order to find out the frequency of using various designations for diffuse gastric carcinoma, justifies the use of the term «poorly cohesive carcinoma», and proposes a variant of the term interpretation in Russian.

This paper explores the potential of recent research on metacognition to offer new avenues to assess and address the phenomenon of fragmentation in schizophrenia, which was described by E.Bleuler as «splitting». The concepts of metacognition characterize and quantify alterations or decrements in the processes by which fragments or pieces of information are integrated into a coherent sense of self and others. A method for assessing metacognition is presented along with research examining the presence and importance of metacognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Greater levels of metacognitive deficits have been detected in different phases of schizophrenia and linked to poorer psychosocial outcomes. These data were obtained both in foreign and preliminary Russian studies. The authors suggest that treatments, which successfully target metacognitive capacity, may uniquely promote wellness and recovery in schizophrenia.

The paper presents the results of an epidemiological analysis of statistical data on the number of deaths from violent deaths, which cause has not been established; unidentified and unclaimed corpses in forensic medical expertise in Russia as a whole and in individual federal districts for the period from 2009 to 2018. Percentage indicators and share values of the circumstances due to which the death cause was not established are given. It was found that on the basis of a steady decreasing trend in number of violent deaths, the number of corpses with an unknown death cause is growing, mainly due to putrefactive changes in corpses of adults and due to the burning of children corpses. The presence of a strong correlation between the number of unclaimed and unidentified corpses with the number of forensic medical expertise, when the cause of death was not established, was shown. Based on the analysis results at the macro level (federal districts), some interregional differences in the structure of the analyzed indicators were revealed. The results obtained make it possible to confirm the relevance of existing clusters of scientific research and to form new ones, to place accents in the directions of the postgraduate education of specialists.

Objective: To develop an electronic registry of patients with MS in the Russian Federation and to analyze the collected epidemiological and clinical data., Materials and Methods: Patients aged 18 and older with definite multiple sclerosis were included in the study. We designed a specialized electronic individual registration form (registry) to gather information about study participants. This paper presents data collected in the project between September 25, 2017 and March 25, 2020., Results: We collected information on 2728 patients. This paper presents the results of data analysis from the registry of MS patients, including demographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics, the type and timing of treatment received. Based on the data obtained, certain issues with primary diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and delayed initiation of disease-modifying therapy can be highlighted, which contribute to the transition of the disease to a secondary progressive course and disability increase.

Dengue fever is acute zooanthroponic infection from a group of vector-borne viral hemorrhagic fevers. Since 2013, Russia has introduced the mandatory registration of dengue fever cases. The paper presents data on the epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of Dengue fever and describes a case of a fatal outcome in severe dengue fever and morphological changes in organs and tissues.