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The purpose of the investigation was to comprehensively assess working conditions and their impact on the health of female workers engaged in the manufacture of present-day paper wallpaper. A complex of sanitary-and-hygienic, clinical-and-physiological, sociomedical, and statistical studies was used to tackle the tasks set in the investigation. Stage 1 made a sanitary-and-hygienic assessment of industrial factors (microclimate, noise, vibration, the content of toxicants and dust) in the workplaces of female workers from the papering shops using an Elita rolling automatic machine. The following stage analyzed morbidity among the workers and identified a number of functional parameters. A combination of poor factors characterizing their parameters and exceeding the sanitary standards influenced on the workers engaged in the manufacture of paper wallpaper. The leading harmful industrial factors are heating microclimate, production noise, and the working air level of harmful chemical substances in the working air. The production process under such microclimatic conditions causes the body's thermal changes characterized by the senses of total warm discomfort and the tension of thermoregulatory mechanisms, as confirmed by weighed mean skin temperature studies and decreased working capacity. The working conditions in the manufacture of wallpaper products are shown to result in an increase in female morbidity.

Objective: to assess an effect of chemical contaminants contained in emissions of pulp and paper mill on prevalence respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in population of Novodvinsk. The average annual concentrations of chemicals of concern were calculated by modeling. A prevalence of population was studied by using of the primary medical documentation in sex among children from 0 to 17 and adults from 65 and older Hazard index (HIi) was used to assess the non-cancer health effects. Unit risk was used to calculate individual cancer risk (CR). Testing of null hypothesis was conducted by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ?2. The hazard index for respiratory tract (HIi = 3,54; 95% CI: 3.34-3.70) and cardiovascular system (HIi = 0.78; 95% /DE: 0.74-0.82) in the district close to the Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill (APPM) were higher than in remote districts. In this district the prevalence of bronchial asthma in boys (30.7+13.8%), women (47.0+9.8%) and men (127.4+45.2%) was the highest. Also in this district the prevalence of hypertension among women (139.1+14.4%) and men (311.5+56.1%), diseases of veins among women (48.2+10.8%) and diseases of upper respiratory tract among men (177.0+36.4%) was higher than in remote districts from the APPM. The level of CR in the district located close by the APPM was acceptable (1.0 (10-5; 95% CI: 9.0 (10-6-1, 18(10-5).

To evaluate the cytogenetic and cytotoxic effects of a set of pollutions in the town of Koryazhma, the investigators made a complete karyological analysis (cytogenetic, apoptotic, and indirect proliferation parameters) of buccal and nasal epithelial exfoliative cells in two groups of old school age children living at various distances from a pulp-and-paper mill (PPM). The residential area that is adjacent to the PPM can be considered to be poor in the influence of genotoxic factors since there were 1.6- and 1.65-fold increases in cytogenetic disorders and cells with an atypically shaped nucleus, respectively, with a 1.57-fold reduction in the level of cell apoptosis. Karyological changes were revealed in the nasal mucosa, rather than in the buccal mucosa, which permitted one to recommend for the evaluation of the influence of environmental factors, the impact of ambient air pollution in particular, and to conduct cytogenetic studies on the cells of not only the buccal epithelium (that has been better studied), but also those of the nasal epithelium.

A complex physiological-hygienic assessment of the adaptational capabilities of the organism of students trained to be electrofitters and technologists in the dynamics of a 2-year course in vocational-technical schools has been carried out. The data obtained show the tension of adaptational mechanisms not only during the first, but also during the second year of studying. It has been found out that the conditions of occupational training are the factor that impedes the adaptation of students to studying at VTS.

The cytological state of nasal and oral mucosae in the children and adolescents living in the town of Koryazhma was evaluated at the schools located differently from the Kotlas pulp-and-paper mill (PPM). All the Kozyazhma children under examination were found to have an increased epithelocytic alteration index, which is likely to suggest cytotoxic exposure, which was shown to a greater extent with the duration of residence at the school more adjacent to the PPM. The first-form pupils from the school locates more closely to the PPM were found to showed a higher index of natural microflora colonization with buccal epitheliocytes and a trend for an increase in the epitheliocytic differentiation coefficient characterizing the high incidence of diseases.

There was made the characterization of the health risk for workers' of pulp and paper industry, under the simultaneous effects of chemicals in the residential and working area. The main adverse effect of chemicals that pollute the air and work environment is related with the impact on the respiratory system. Under the successive exposure (ambient air--air in the workplace) in the adult population working at the Arkhangelsk Pulp and Paper Mill, the risk of occurrence of respiratory diseases (HI = 18.5) and individual carcinogenic risk (CR = 9.7 x 10(-3)) have been rated as high and constitute 86-99% of the total risk.

Induced malaria continues to be one of the most pressing public health problems in malaria-endemic countries. Ma- laria parasites remain viable in stored blood at a temperature of 2-6°C for 3 weeks. The paper presents current problems associated with transfusion-induced malaria. In the USSR and then in the Russian Federation, sporadic cases of induced malaria (Plasniodium vivax, P.malariae, rarely P.falciparum) were notified (230 cases in 1958 to 1990 and only 5 in 1991 to 2016). Current (immunological and molecular) methods for the laboratory diagnosis of malaria do not provide a 100% detection rMfteor its pathogens; therefore, it is necessary to search for highly efficient, rapid, and low-cost diagnostic methods to ensure the biological safety of donation.

Infectious diseases are one of the serious threats to biosafety in modern society In recent years, there have been con- siderably increased international migrations: tourism and pilgrimage; labor migration flows; migration of refugees and settlers in times of armed conflicts, household migrations because of family ties and traditions. Since the number of Rus- sian tourists and migrants from endemic countries remains high, these contingents should receive special attention in the malaria epidemiological surveillance system. The paper discusses the risks of possible consequences of population migra- tions and prevention measures.

The paper gives the results of experimental studies, as well as sanitary parasitological ones investigating meat and fish, which have been performed using manual microscopy and Mecos-C2 automated digital microscopy and scanning micro- scopy. It shows the effectiveness of automated versus manual microscopy in performing parasitological studies of foods and the possibility of rationalizing production labor. The investigation has been conducted to develop the reform of labora- tory services of the healthcare system in the Russian Federation and proposes to introduce a hardware technology into a group of mass methods for parasitological analyses in sanitary-epidemiological, veterinary and environmental areas.

Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most important problems in modern oncology. According to statistical data, PC ranks second in the cancer morbidity structure in the Russian Federation and developed countries and its prevalence has been progressively increasing over the past decade. A need for early diagnosis and maximally accurate morphological verification of the diagnosis in difficult clinical cases (inconvenient tumor location for standard transrectal biopsy; gland scarring changes concurrent with prostatitis and hemorrhage; threshold values of prostate-specific antigen with unclear changes in its doubling per unit time; suspicion of biochemical recurrence or clinical tumor progression after special treatment) leads to revised diagnostic algorithms and clinically introduced new high-tech invasive diagnostic methods. This paper gives the first analysis of literature data on Russian practice using one of the new methods to verify prostate cancer (transrectal prostate cancer under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance). The have sought the 1995-2015 data in the MEDLINE and Pubmed.

There is evidence that in 1923-2014 the sharp aggravations of the epizootic situation of plague in the area of its Caspian sandy natural focus after long interepizootic periods are in time with the ups of the Caspian Sea in the extrema of 11-year solar cycles. There were cases of multiple manifestations of plague in the same areas in the epizootic cycles of 1946-1954, 1979-1996, 2001, and 2013-2014. The paper considers the possible role of amebae of the genus Acanthamoeba and nematodes, the representatives of the orders Rhabditida and Tylenchida in the microfocal pattern of plague manifestations.

The paper presents a comprehensive sanitary - hygienic assessment of working conditions for female workers in dairy enterprises located in different climatic regions. On the basis of this assessment, a set of preventive measures aimed at improvement of the working conditions and the health state offemale workers may be developed and implemented.

The paper describes a clinical case of visceral leishmaniasis in a three-year-old child who Was born and is a permanent resident in Penm. Its clinical symptomatology; laboratory and instrumental findings; stages of a diagnostic search for fever of unknown origin concurrent with hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia; differential diagnosis with hemoblastosis; and an epidemiological history are detailed. Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed at examination of bone marrow specimens. The paper presents the positive results of combination etiopathogenetic treatment, which are confirmed by the time course of clinical changes and laboratory findings.

The paper gives the results of treatment with micronized albendazole (Gelmodol-BM, World Medicine, UK) in 87 patients of the Department of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Clinical Center, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. Thirty-two patients with echinococcosis 8 with alveococcosis (including 4 inoperable patients), 10 with ascariasis, 10 with toxocariasis, 15 with enterobiasis, and 12 people diagnosed with larva migrans were treated in 2013-2014. The drug's routine doses and dosage regimens were used. Albendazole (Gelmodol, World Medicine, UK) showed a high efficacy with good tolerability, which is highly competitive with that of the drugs manufactured by IPCA Laboratories Ltd., India (such as nemozole). Both medicaments above-mentioned may be successfully used in the treatment of many helminthisms.

The paper describes a case of disseminated strongyloidosis in a 52-year-old woman living in Volgograd. Filariform and. rhabditiform larvae of the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis were found when analyzing her urine, sputum, and feces. She had been followed up and treated for duodenal ulcer for more than 15 years. During that time, the patient periodically underwent radiographic and ultrasonic studies and clinical and biochemical blood tests. Fecal tests were not been carried out. This case could convince that there was a risk for human strongyloidosis in the arid region having a temperate climate in European Russia and when timely detection of invasion and specific treatment were not performed, there might be disseminated strongyloidosis. The reason for late diagnosis was epidemiological history (possible contact with soil) underestimation and improper-patient examination.

In the paper there are presented the studies of the social status and lifestyle in students of Tuvan and Russian nationality according to self-assessment by students of the material and domestic living conditions, health status, physical development, nutrition, socio-demographic characteristics. Students of the Tuvan University were shown to differ according to a low level of material provision, predominance ofrural students over urban ones, low educational qualifications of parents of students, due to the general socio-economic characteristics of the republic with a low level of urbanization, economic development, features of indigenous way of life. 43.8% of students believe that they have "good health." Students of 1-2 courses rated their health status as worst. Assessment of health largely depends on gender--young men assess their health higher than young women. In the self-assessment of the lifestyle, health and physical development in the students there are ethnic differences related to the peculiarities of mentality of the indigenous and non-indigenous population.

Intensification ofactivities in the field of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and radioactive waste (RW) management in the Far East region of Russia assumes an increase of the environmental load on the territories adjacent to the enterprise and settlements. To ensure radiation safety during works on SNF and radioactive waste management in the standard mode of operation and during the rehabilitation works in the contaminated territories, there is need for the optimization of the existing system of radiation-hygienic monitoring, aimed at the implementation of complex dynamic observation of parameters of radiation-hygienic situation and radiation amount of the population living in the vicinity of the Far Eastern Center for Radioactive Waste Management (FEC "DALRAO"). To solve this problem there is required a significant amount of total and enough structured information on the character of the formation of the radiation situation, the potential ways of the spread of man-made pollution to the surrounding area, determining the radiation load on the population living in the vicinity of the object. In this paper there are presented the results of field studies of the radiation situation at the plant FEC "DALRAO", which were obtained during the course of expedition trips in 2009-2012.

The paper represents the research achievements and a course of life of the outstanding Russian pathologist, founder of the doctrine on atherosclerosis academician Nikolai Nikolayevich Anichkov.

The paper analyzes data on the prevalence and possible epidemiological importance of Rickettsia raoultii. The possible risk of infection in the population was assessed from the results of a serological study of patients after tick suction and from those of molecular biological determination of contamination of removed carriers. The place of Rickettsia raoultii among other rickettsia causing rickettsioses of a tick-borne spotted fever group is assessed in Russia.

The paper considers the functional aspects of a biological component in programs for training specialists in the area of Parasitology for accreditation within the current enactments, including those on modernization of public health and additional professional education. The working program of the module "Fundamental Disciplines" has been used as an example to outline approaches to molding a medical parasitologist's capacity and readiness to solve professional tasks on the basis of knowledge of fundamental disciplines: biology, immunology, and medical geography. Education fundamentalization is shown to suggest more unsupervised work of a learner in the teaching process. The fundamental constituent of a biological component of the 'programs for training learners in the specialty of Parasitology for accreditation is shown in the interaction of all sections of this area with special and allied subjects.

This paper describes the problems associated with the solution of the expert questions with regard to the occupation-related malignant tumors. There are proposed approaches for the constructing a system of the reasoned expert decisions based on the results provided by the International Agency for Research of Cancer and the retrospective assessment of individual cancer risk.

In the paper there are presented the basic principles of the organization of activities for the assurance ofthe sanitary- epidemiological welfare in the period ofpreparation and hosting of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the Resort City of Sochi. There are considered features of the organization ofepidemiological surveillance in the pre-Olympic period, the period of the games and the state of the morbidity rate in the region after the Olympics. There are presented data on certain directions of the work of organs and institutions of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare on the disease control of the event.

In the paper there are presented data of field observations of the spectrum of viruses, contained in the waste waters. The studies were performed on the territory of the city and the territory unfavorable for hepatitis A. In the territory of the big city by RT-PCR in the waste liquid the enterovirus RNA was detected in 45% of samples; astroviruses--90%; noroviruses--80% and 15% of rotaviruses. Samples from 2 wells were slightly positive for the presence of HCV RNA A. In the waste liquid on the territory, unfavorable for viral hepatitis A, in 100% of the samples there were determined noro- and astroviruses RNA and adenovirus DNA, in 75%--enterovirus RNA; 50%--HAV RNA and a 25%--rotavirus RNA.

In the paper there are presented data concerning the experience of the implementation of educational programs for schoolchildren "Being healthy is fashionable ". The program has been tested in the territory of the Penza Region. The awareness of students about the factors affecting health was shown to increase by 15,8% over three years of the realization of the program. The number of students taking systematic participation in sports competitions has increased by 3.8%, going in for various sports and physical exercises in sports sections and circles has increased by 2.6%. The prevalence of regular smoking among schoolchildren decreased by 4.1%.

Prevention measures are relevant for children and adolescents as among them there is the high prevalence of leading risk factors for chronic diseases. For the improvement of the preventive work it is necessary the introduction of amendments into the legislative documents and orders of the Ministry of Health, governing health care for children and adolescents in educational organizations. The consistent methodology for primary health care must be provided with the appropriate protocols. It is necessary to perform the systematic work on the reduction of the prevalence of risk factors for children's health and a healthy lifestyle. The number of doctors and nurses in the preschool and educational institutions is insufficient, and in organizations of primary and secondary vocational education is disastrous. Medical personnel departments of medical assistance to students due to the excessive load is not capable to fufill all of their functional responsibilities. Due to the low wages there is a constant reduction of health workers in schools and kindergartens. In the paper there are proposed measures aimed at improving the quality of preventive work in educational organizations.

In the paper there is evaluated the relationship of features of electronic state of the environment with a level of chronic, noninfectious diseases (CNID) in the regions of Russia, obtained on the basis of the monitoring measurements of the intensity of natural background electronic Bose condensate (BEBC) of natural ecosystems in a number of Russian regions and seas of the Arctic Ocean. The assessment of BEBC was implemented on results of measurements of redox state of distilled water being in the contact with natural water. The equilibrium redox state of distilled water, determined by the influx of electrons (quantum reduction) outside, is proportional to the intensity of BEBC. The obtained data attest to an increase in the intensity of the background of EBC in Siberia regions and, especially, within the limits ofwaters of Lake Baikal (the redox potential of the surface water in the lake ~ -70mV). Also there is observed a strong dependence of the background EBC in the latitudinal direction. Low levels of background EBC were noted in the Arkhangelsk region and the north-eastern Chukotka. Functioning of international systems of plasma sounding of ionosphere (such systems as HAARP) were established to have a detrimental effect on the background EBC in these regions. According to the results of measurements of the relative values of intensities of natural background of Bose condensate of electrons there was constructed the dependence reflecting the relationship of the prevalence of noninfectious diseases in the regions of Russia with the redox state of distilled water which can be characterized as a significant (regression coefficient R2 = 0.78). The relationship between noninfectious diseases (NID, %) with the intensity of the background of EBC (Ib rel. units) is estimated by the equation: NID [%] = 0.24Eh [mV]-25, where Eh ~ I/Ib. Numerical evaluations show that an increase in the biosphere redox potential of water by 90mV leads to an increase of the primary incidence by 20% (relatively to the average values for Russia). Analysis of results attests to the relationship of CNID with the electrophysical state of the environment that allows from different positions to arrive to true causes of their emergence, associated with changes in the electrophysical conditions of habitation and human activities that lead to the nascency of cellular metabolic disturbances.

In the paper there have been summarizes the concepts of the danger of the pollution ofwater bodies in oil production (the most dangerous are reagents used in the drilling, drilling waste, oil and petrochemicals, oil biodestructors. There was shown the danger of the spread of oil pollution. New indices, presenting a hazard during drilling and oil production have been substantiated The tasks aimed to the improvement of the standards and methods of the control of the water pollution by oil, as well as of the documents regulating the conditions of environmental protection during the drilling have been conceived.

In the present paper there is presented an analysis of the incidence of viral hepatitis B (HBV) in the territory of the Voronezh region in the dynamics and the effectiveness of the implementation of the specific prevention over the past fifteen years. During this period of time, there is observed a stable tendency to the decrease in the incidence of chronic forms from 100.2 per 100 thousand population in 2000 to 21.7 per 100 thousand population in 2014. When ranking the Voronezh region on the prevalence of HBV there were identified eight most affected districts, including the city of Voronezh. There was noted a distinct regularity for the reduction of the incidence of HBV in dependence on the inoculation rate.

In the paper there are presented results of the research performed with the aid of the automated software complex "Health Express". There was determined the role of the participation of the pupil himself in an assessment of a state of his health, indices ofphysical development and psychological characteristics. There was proved the expediency of the active involvement of schoolchildren to the shaping of the program of activities on preservation and strengthening of a state of their health. There was shown the role of preventive work of the school teacher.

In the projection of sanitary protection zones of water sources it is extremely important to determine the specific boundaries of the established zones of sanitary protection due to the solution of property issues and responsibilities. In the paper projection of data with account of required scaling it is not possible to do. In this case, the use of geographic information systems is appropriate and useful. In addition there is necessary an adjustment of the existing sanitary calculations in relation to zones of sanitary protection of water sources in the part of specification of the order of approval of projects of sanitary protection zones and organization of the control for their implementation.

The paper gives historical information on the foundation and establishment of the Russian X-Radiology Research Center, as well as the advances that have been fundamental in the further clinical, scientific, and educational activities of the center. It details information of the recent advances of the center in diagnosis, including radiation, clinical and molecular gene, and combined treatments for cancer patients, including surgery, polychemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The achievements of each subdivisions of the Center are given. The paper shows the latest advances of the Center and its workers in researches, which have been embodied in their dissertations, monographs, and guides. Of great importance is the educational process the Center's workers are successfully doing in, by training specialists of different profile.

The paper describes a case of acute opisthorchiasis in a 31-year-old female patient after ingestion of dried fish of the family Cyprinidae caught in the Oka River basin on the border of the Moscow and Ryazan Regions. This case could convince of that there was a risk of human Opisthorchis infection despite the zoonotic pattern of circulation of the pathogen in European Russia. The dietary intake of unsterilized fish of the family Cyprinidae caught in the Moscow and neighboring regions may give rise to Opisthorchis invasion and, it a large infectious dose, to acute opisthorchiasis.

The paper analyzes the change that occurred in the habitat of the causative agent of plague in its Gorno-Altaisk natural focus in 1961 to 2012. Since 1961 when the plague microbe was found to come from the southern slopes of the Saylyugem mountain range, which are located in Mongolia, to the northern slopes situated in Russia, a gradual expansion of the habitat of Yersenia pestis subsp. altaica had commenced in South-Eastern Altai. During the considered period, the area where epizootic manifestations were registered showed an 11-fold increase. In most cases, the spread of the plague pathogen within the focus was natural and occurred in the successive and closely related settlements of Mongolian pikas (Ochotona pallasi). By now, the plague microbe has been widely distributed in three populations of this small animal, which inhabit the territory of South-Eastern Altai.

The Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, is creating a "Natural Focal Diseases" medical and geographical atlas of Russia. The paper considers the possibilities of the atlas to monitor and assess the epidemiological situation of a number of diseases. The atlas allows one to define a spectrum of the most epidemically significant natural focal diseases in Russia, to quantitatively characterize their incidence in the population, and to visualize it in a series of maps, to make a medical geographical analysis of the prevalence of the nosological entities of natural focal diseases in both individual subjects of the Russian Federation and in Russia as a whole. By using tick-borne encephalitis as an example, the authors consider approaches to analyzing the incidence of natural focal infections, by using different types of the maps given in the atlas.

The paper describes the history of the Russian Research Center of Roentgenology and Radiology set up 90 years ago, the main advances of the researchers of the Institute in roentgenology and radiodiagnosis in historical perspective--from the last century up to the present day. It gives a brief list of the most important procedures and publications on radiodiagnosis, which have been developed and published by the Institute's researchers.

A comparative study of the reading process and the efficacy of memory acquisition when using the reader and the paper carrier was performed in 16 3rd class pupils. Process indices show a preference for reading from the reader screen if compared to a sheet of paper. In this the gradient of the gain in mistakes is more pronounced while reading from the reader screen, that indicates to the stumbling block of the task and the psychophysiological cost of process of reading from the reader. Evaluation of the results on the efficacy of the memory function showed significant difficulty of memory acquisition when working with reader.

In the paper there is presented a methodology of analysis of headspace 52 volatile organic compounds in drinking water by the method of gas chromatography with the use of the chromatograph "Crystal 5000.2" with three detectors and automatic attachment Lab Hut 200N NT-200 for the preparation of the sample water and vapor phase input. The lower limit of detection for all compounds in the 2-10 times lower than that of the corresponding standard value.

In this paper there are described the variants of the models of the regression analysis (linear exponential, exponential and hyperbolic) for the detection of relationships between the lung cancer rate in the male population and anthropogenic emissions in the Kemerovo region. After analyzing of the each model there was chosen the one seemed to be the most adequate to describe the dependence of cancer incidence from pollutant emissions into the atmosphere. At a later stage this model has served for the calculation of the medium-term forecasting of lung cancer rate in males in the dependence on the actual number of man-made emissions in previous years.

The paper presents data on the prevalence of helminthiasis in Russia on the basis of the State Reports on the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation. It comparatively characterizes morbidity rates in 2010-2012. Morbidity analysis has revealed the main reasons for the prevalence of parasitic diseases and the possible ways of their elimination.

In the paper there is presented the rationale for differentiated sanitary protective zones in the present conditions both of the increase of volumes of production and introduction of various technological solutions on the example of battery recycling enterprise. It is established that the in acting regulations the classification of enterprises recycling of non-ferrous metals, fails to take into account such the hazard risks criteria of the enterprise, as volume of emissions of priority substances, the height of their arrival in the atmosphere, etc., and also does not take into account increased significantly in the current time processing volumes. The results of the performed research allowed to offer new positions in the classification of production of secondary lead from used batteries (I to IV class), depending on the volume of production (from 20 000 to 160 000 tons per year), the amount of emissions of lead (0.2 to 1, 6 tons per year) and release height (15 to 60 m).

In this paper there was performed an analysis of the application of sanitary norms and rules concerning sanitary protective zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, buildings and other facilities, including requirements for the sufficiency and accuracy of information in the performance of projects in sanitary protection zone (SPZ). There is presented an analysis of regulations that set requirements for implementation of mapping works in drafting the SPZ. The design of the SPZ was shown to be, on the one hand, the element of territorial planning subjects of the Russian Federation, on the other hand, the object of capital construction. The substantiations of requirements for graphic and text content, structure, and composition of data, sources of their obtaining, methods of data convergence are reported. There are revealed inconsistencies in Sanitary Regulations and Norms (SanPins) and in their relationship with the Town Planning and Land Code and other laws, and regulations adopted in their development.

In the paper the analysis of the problems of chemical safety abroad and in Russian Federation is presented, possible ways for their solutions, including the need for legal and scientific-methodical support for population health risk assessment are considered.