Search

The paper gives information on the prevalence of allergic diseases in Aktobe depending on the level of an anthropotechnogenic load area. The findings indicate that children that the degree of immunodeficiency in persons living in different micro-areas of the city depends on the magnitude of environmental pollution. Among allergic diseases, pollinoses (58.6%) rank first, asthma (19.9%) and allergic rhinitis (15.6%) occupy the second and third places, respectively. At the same time, the incidence of allergic diseases is 21.2-30.3% of all cases in the areas near an industrial area and 9.1-12.1% in those maximally remote from it. The impact of environmental quality on the incidence of allergic diseases depends on gender and age.

The paper presents the results of a review of 69 reports published by Kazakhstan scientists over 50 years. For this period, mesotheliomas were diagnosed in 5 of 14 areas of the country. The basic clinical, demographic, medical, and statistical data are concordant with those published elsewhere on this pathology.

The paper deals with the evaluation of the influence of environmental factors on human health. It analyzes morbidity rates and their prediction in the biogeochemically exposed area.

The paper presents data available in the literature on the natural foci of plague, tularemia, tick-borne spirochetosis, Crimean hemorrhagic fever, tick typhus, Q fever, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. The largest number of transmissible infections is shown to be in the natural areas of deserts and piedmont semiarid lands.

The paper represents some results of a joint commission, organized by the USSR Ministry of Health by order of the USSR Council of Ministers at public requests. The commission worked in the area neighbouring the proving ground at Semipalatinsk in the period of May-July 1988. A radiological situation there was investigated after underground nuclear testing on July 8, 1989. The results of measurements and archive data were used to estimate doses of radiation exposure of the population in the period of 1949 (nuclear testing on the ground and in the atmosphere) and in the period of underground testing, It was shown that in the period of 1949-1963 approximately 10,000 people received increased doses of external and internal irradiation. A high level of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations was noted among them. The highest effective equivalent doses of external and internal irradiation were received by the residents in the villages of Folon' (1.6 Gy during the first testing in 1949), Karaul (0.37 Gy), Sarzhal (0.20 Gy), Semenovka (0.02 Gy). The annual effective equivalent doses at that period did not exceed 0.0056 Gy (the highest value) for the Semipalatinsk residents. Proceeding from the values of collective doses probable long-term effects (malignant tumors) were assessed. Recommendations and conclusions of the commission are presented.