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Обоснована необходимость модернизации системы высшего образования, которая требуется в силу того, что высшая школа осуществляет подготовку кадров нового поколения и относится к одним из основных субъектов экономической системы. Это является важным фактором ускорения научно-технического прогресса и приоритетным условием инновационного развития. Рассмотрены преимущества и недостатки российской образовательной системы, перспективы развития высшего образования, новые задачи, стоящие перед системой высшего образования., This paper substantiates the need for modernization of the higher education system, which is essential because higher education provides training for new generation and belongs to one of the major entities of the economic system. This requires radical innovations in the content, structure and organization of the whole system of higher education with a particular emphasis on the formation and development of innovation-oriented potential of the higher education institution, capable of influencing innovation in both the regions and the country. This is an important factor in accelerating technical progress and a priority condition for innovative development. This paper considers advantages and disadvantages of the Russian educational system, the prospects for the development of higher education, and the new challenges facing the higher education system. These multifaceted challenges contribute to the formation of the innovative educational system and require an immediate, comprehensive solution. However, despite the problems of formation of educational activity in Russia, there are perquisites for its development. In the medium term, it is a tool for the country's transition to an innovation-based development. In order to achieve this, it is important to unlock its potential. This will enable to establish a new standard of education based on improved financial and economic model of higher education. Modernization of science, on the one hand, and the sphere of higher education, on the other, will predetermine the capabilities of this innovation system. The latter will have a direct impact on strategic positions of Russia in a process of global cooperation and competition. One of the most important strategic challenges facing Russia is building an innovation economy. Innovation economy, on the one hand, is a reflection of the ongoing fundamental changes in the country, and on the other hand, it is a very source of change itself. An innovation economy generates excess flow of innovation, constantly setting new benchmarks in technological competition. In this respect, it is important to ensure the continued emergence of innovations in the economy, which would enhance the efficiency of the entire system. The major task of any government of a country is confined to building an innovation economy and requires establishment of an innovation-oriented higher education system, which is a particularly relevant task today.

Предлагается метод поиска корня логического уравнения по возможности меньшего ранга. Поиск корня осуществляется с помощью дерева разложения. Сформулированы правила выбора переменной разложения, способствующие сокращению ранга корня логического уравнения. Сформулированы достаточные условия существования корня логического уравнения., In this paper the modification of Zakrevskij algorithm of finding a root of logical equation has been suggested. A root of logic equation D = 0 is representing by product r i. The purpose of this modification is to find a product that has possibly smaller rank. As a rule finding the root of logic equation is reduced to tree traversal. Here, we deal with D = 0, where D is SoP (Sum of Products), that is represented as a set of ternary vectors. The ternary vector is a partially specified bit vector, i.e. elements (variables xi) of it can contain values {1,0, x}. The values '' 1'' and ''0'' are determined values. The value x is don''t care symbol. Note this set as M. The root of the equation is formed with the decomposition tree, by variables x i. In general, from the vertex of the tree marked by variable x, run three branches labeled with the values {0,1,x}. Each branch is associated with a corresponding subset of ternary vectors obtained by dividing a set M with respect to variable x i into three subsets M [(x l = 1), M 0(x l =0), M x(x l = x). The variable x i from the set with maximum power is included into to product ri with the opposite sign of inversion. The decomposition tree is changed so that from the vertex labeled xi, run two branches, one of which is labeled with a determined value, but another is labeled with value x. If the next step of decomposition fails that is the product ri cannot be derived as the root of the equation, then we return to the closest vertex of decomposition tree for which both sets M [(x l =1), M°(x l =0) is not empty. The root of the equation is found when the set corresponding to branch labeled x is empty. In this paper variable selection heuristics have been proposed. The experimental results confirm advantages of this approach. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the root of logic equation D = 0 have been formulated.

В научный оборот вводится материал помет и автографов Василия Андреевича Жуковского на страницах издания одного из самых известных немецких поэтов, представлявших новое революционно-демократическое направление, Георга Гервега (Herwegh G., «Gedichte einesLebendigen» (1841). В статье впервые представлен обзор и сравнительный анализ русской и немецкой рецепции личности и творческого наследия Гервега 1840-2010-х гг., в контексте которой замечания Жуковского имеют особое звучание., The summer of 1841 was marked by a real literary sensation for the German world. The first part of the collection of poems by the twenty-four-year-old Georg Herwegh (Georg Herwegh, 1817-1875) Gedichte eines Lebendigen ("Poems of a Living Man") was published in Zurich. The effect of the book was intoxicating, it had a powerful impact both on conservatives and reactionaries. It was a new kind of political poetry based almost exclusively on rhetoric. Herwegh proved to be very demanded in the pious Germany of the Biedermeier which was massively reading and writing at that time. He was close to and understood by the opposing parties, having adopted a safe strategy: the "Stuermer" and radical pathos of his verses was based on the immutable plot and composition structure of spiritual and edifying literature, as well as on romantic natural philosophy and mythopoet-ics. The unpretentious language which he used to express the eternal motives of tyrant-fighting together with the call for unity, protest and liberation, relevant to the country, made his poems clear to the general reader. The life-affirming pathos of disagreement could be noticed already in the title, with which the author hinted at Letters of the Dead by Hermann von Ptickler-Muskau, a German prince, a traveling writer, a subtle and ironic narrator, a major in the Russian service, and the founder of Europe's largest English-style park. His works were familiar to Zhukovsky, who read the Prince's four-volume edition Briefe eines verstorbenen. Ein fragmentarisches Tagebuch aus England, Wales, Irland, Frankreich, Deutschland und Holland, geschrieben in den Jahren 1826-1829 (Lobanov, 1981, 259), this book causing Herwegh's polemics. The paper addresses the problem of attributing and analyzing the facts of the Russian reception of the poems by Georg Herwegh, one of the most famous German poets, a representative of the new revolutionary and democratic direction. The notes and autographs V. A. Zhukovsky made in the editions of Herwegh are introduced in the scientific discourse (Herwegh G., Gedichte eines Lebendigen (1841)). For the first time the paper shows the overview and the comparative analysis of the Russian and German reception of Herwegh's personality and his creative heritage of the 1840s-2010s. In this context, Zhukovsky's remarks have a special significance. In Russia, Herwegh's personality and legacy were conceived stage-by-stage. This way, the peculiarities of the reception were determined by the historical and cultural situation in the recipient culture. The first period of the comprehension may be essentially dated back to the 1870s-1900s. The second period is connected in Russia with the appearance of the ideological pathos that was typical of the poems, which brought a scandalous popularity to the German poet. The burst of attention was marked in 2009-2013 when a cycle of new articles on the relationship between the Herzens and Herwegh was published.

Статья посвящена военному прошлому математика Алексея Андреевича Ляпунова (1911-1973) ученого-энциклопедиста. Основной источник переписка Ляпунова 1941-1945 гг. После войны преподавал в Артиллерийской академии им. Ф. Дзержинского, защитил докторскую диссертацию. Активный сторонник кибернетики, А. А. Ляпунов не только объединил ее сторонников, но и открыл в МГУ междисциплинарный семинар по вопросам, смежным кибернетике и физиологии. В 1962 г. он переехал в Новосибирск, где возглавил отдел кибернетики в Институте математики СО АН СССР. А. А. Ляпунов много сил отдал Физико-математической школе НГУ, научным руководителем которой стал. В 1964 г. был избран членом-корреспондентом АН СССР. В 1996 г. награжден медалью Computer Pioneer., The article dwells on the wartime life of Aleksey Andreevich Lyapunov (1911-1973), a mathematician and a person of encyclopedic knowledge. The main source of the paper is Lyapunov''s correspondence during 1941-1945. Lyapunov enriched science not only in the fields of the set theory, cybernetics and programming. His interests covered a wide range of problems in biology, geophysics, linguistics, philosophy, and pedagogic. Aleksey Andreevitch, a son of mathematician A.N. Lyapunov and a student of Academician N.N. Luzin, defended a PhD thesis and worked in the field of applications of the probability theory to the natural science and engineering. A nobleman by birth and a patriot, he rejected the opportunity to stay in reserve. He became a student of a military college, then a soldier and a platoon leader. After the end of the Second World War, he was a professor of the F. Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy. He defended his doctoral thesis in 1950. As an active advocate of cybernetics, Lyapunov consolidated his followers and opened an interdisciplinary seminar on the problems of cybernetics and physiology at Moscow State University. In 1961, he moved from Moscow to Novosibirsk and became the head of the Cybernetics Department in the Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. A.A. Lyapunov was a founder and a scientific supervisor of the Physics and Mathematics School of Novosibirsk State University. In 1964, he was elected to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR as a corresponding member. In 1996, he was awarded a Computer Pioneer Medal. A.A. Lyapunov was drafted into the Army on March 17, 1942. He became a student of the Military Infantry School in the city of Vladimir. There was little demand for his mathematical skills but he took every opportunity to work in his field. His life in the military school was not easy as he was not fit for regular physical exercise. Lyapunov wished to go to artillery, because he realized that he would be more useful there as a mathematician. When appointed a leader of the topography and calculation artillery platoon, Lyapunov approved himself as an expert in the battle for Crimea. He discovered the influence of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly on the gun-laying tools and performed the necessary calculations that had been previously ignored. Having solved the problem in the field of the technical cybernetics, Lyapunov took his first step toward his post-war future. Getting familiarized with the papers of American scientists in cybernetics brought Lyapunov and his colleagues to the research in this field of science. Scientists A.N. Kolmogorov, A.I. Berg, I.A. Poletayev and A.I. Kitov, among others who had gained theoretical and practical skills in the management of automatic control mechanisms during the war, led Soviet cybernetics and influenced the development of other important areas in science and engineering.

В статье рассмотрены механизмы создания и реализации потенциала персональных архивов ученых как проявления идентичности и историчности, как способа ориентации человека в мире. Создание архивов классифицируется как потребность социально-культурной и профессиональной идентификации и обусловлено желанием подчеркнуть индивидуальность за счет расширения идентифицирующих дескрипций, которые материализованы в различных свидетельствах. Анализ использования архивов в исследовательской практике позволил проследить процесс «замещения» индивида артефактами его архива., Lately, the theory of modern culture has given much attention to the transformation of national, local and individual memory. In this connection, the issue of archives as cultural phenomena and memory storage, on the one hand, and means of memory regulation and legalization and of oblivion, on the other hand, is becoming topical. A greater control over archives contradicts the tasks of historical science, aiming to comprehend the past drawing on a wide range of sources. This paper deals with scholars' personal archives created in the last century. Its creators expected that these documents would be preserved and studied; moreover, they put their own meanings in them and attributed the implications we should read. The paper considers the mechanism of making scholars' personal archives as a manifestation of historical identity. Creation of archives by scholars is qualified as a need for social, cultural and professional identification. It is attributed to the desire to emphasize individuality at the expense of expanding the identifying descriptions, which are materialized in a variety of evidence. Since the historicity of agents can be translated by means of narratives, they are created by the individuals themselves or by their biographers on the basis of historical sources an archive comprises. The examination of using the archives revealed a way to historical studies and allowed the researchers to trace "replacing" an individual with the artifacts from his/her archive. At this stage, a narrative agent is constructed using the method of biographical research and reading the meanings the individual has put into his/her collection of artifacts, an archive. The interior phenomenon of identity in its manifestations of existential and social-disciplinary nature -personal and professional has been traced through the exterior phenomenon of scholars' personal archives. This will allow us to combine the studies into various problems of personal identity, including identifying an individual with a certain reference group, which shows in forming criterion behavior within the group. A factor of such criterion behavior is the creation of a personal archive a body of artifacts associated with a specific professional activity. In addition, the activity-presentational approach takes you into a historical retrospective, replacing an individual connected reflexively with a certain reference group with the artifacts of its archive an archive related to the real social and cultural practices not of the authentic but of a narrative agent whose construction is the purpose of the biographics.

В статье предложены критерии классификации эффектов, оказывающих влияние на поведение индивидов, на основе допущений модели homo economicus. Авторами поставлена цель определить влияние когнитивных искажений на эффективность принимаемых индивидом решений в различных экономических ситуациях. В ходе проведенного исследования было выявлено, что когнитивные искажения оказывают влияние на поведение индивида в ситуации выбора. Психологические эффекты, ограничивающие рациональное поведение индивида, соотнесены с экономическими категориями (риск, рациональность, информация, время, нормы и правила) с целью их конвергенции с моделью экономического человека и более точного описания поведения индивидов, совершающих выбор в ситуации с ограниченными ресурсами., The relevance of study stems from the restricting nature of the theoretical models of individuals' economic behavior. This paper suggests classification criteria for the effects that influence the behavior of individuals based on assumptions of the homo economicus model. A person does not always act rationally, maximizes their utility function, and matches the benefits and costs to make decisions. The authors have attempted to determine the impact of cognitive biases on the effectiveness of the individual's solutions in different economic situations. Cognitive biases are systematic errors in the thought process related to the influence of the preformed affirmations on the individual's decisions. The study revealed that cognitive biases affect the individual's behavior in a situation of choice. The psychological effects restricting the rational behavior of an individual are correlated with economic categories (risk, rationality, information, time, rules and regulations) with a view to converge them with the model of an economic man, and a more accurate description of the behavior of individuals making choices in a situation with limited resources. When an individual finds themselves in various economic situations, they are not always able to estimate all their actions a few steps forward. As a result, their decisions do not lead to the most optimal outcome. For example, when investing funds, investors do not always act rationally and are prone to make mistakes due to prejudice, stereotypes, emotional state, et cetera. The classification of cognitive biases affecting decision-making in the economic domain presented in the paper is based on major economic categories (risk, rationality, information, time, institution). The impact areas of the psychological effects on the individual are demonstrated. This list is incomplete, but it comprises examples most clearly manifested in the situation of economic choice. The economic consequences (loss of revenue, increased costs) of neglecting the influence of systematic errors in decision-making in the market interaction are shown as well. It should also be noted that this study has practical value in terms of possible use of the results to improve forecasts and the possibility of regulating the relations in the course of interaction between economic agents. In the future, the use of the obtained results can help in the development of mechanisms to coordinate the subjects of the market economy. Further research is required to present concrete recommendations for the creation of the new and changing the existing rules of market interaction considering the behavioral mechanisms of imperfect individuals. In this regard, consideration of the human factor in the economic decision-making will enable bringing the abstract model of an economic man to reality.

Целью статьи является рассмотрение экономической и социальной роли крупного бизнеса в жизни региона, насколько заметно влияние успешного бизнеса на характеристики качества и уровня жизни населения. Взаимодействие бизнеса с государственными органами управления проявляется в том, что силами крупного бизнеса должен решаться ряд социальных задач местного уровня, в этом состоит социальная ответственность бизнеса. На примере крупных предприятий Ростовской области, как российских, так и с иностранным участием, рассмотрены программы участия в региональном развитии, благотворительная деятельности, поддержка сотрудников в образовании, лечении, воспитании детей, занятии спортом и т. д., The purpose of this paper is to examine an economic and social role of major businesses in the life of the region and see how much successful businesses impact the characteristics of quality and living standards of the population. Interaction of business with government authorities means that major business should deal with number of social problems at the local level, which is the definition of the social responsiveness of business. The paper considers programs for participation in regional development, charitable activities, staff support in education, medical treatment, parenting, sports, etc. through the example of the large enterprises of the Rostov region, both Russian and with foreign participation. Rostov region is a region with mostly large companies, i.e. it is a region with prospective resources, raw materials and processing in the framework of vertical integration, with ports, assets for businesses diversification, which have become attractive in the years of economic growth. The paper provides an analysis of the four Rostov companies (according to headquarters location): "Yug Rusi", "Aston", "Agrokom" and "Gloria Jeans". They are large, vertically integrated structures belonging to the food and light industries that are on the list of the two hundred largest private Russian companies according to Forbes in 2013. The socially responsive activities of the five well-known multinational foreign companies considered the most "advanced" in the development of socially responsive business are analyzed in this paper. The analysis has shown that the social functions in most companies big business are manifested in the form of in-house social policies aimed at serving company's interests in staff development, positioning of the company in terms of the quality of its products, as well as inclusion into the local municipal programs. In all fairness, it should be noted that corporate social responsiveness in foreign companies is formulated more clearly and manifested in particular educational, environmental and sports projects, as well as projects to support families and parenting and improve employees' health. Even though there is a real need for it and its significance is clear, corporate social responsiveness is not generally accepted, at least at the present stage judging by the maturity of approaches to the social function of business in Russia. It is important to note that currently the interaction of big business and the government is not always transparent, not all of the conditions of these agreements are made public or available for system analysis to identify the real impact of big business on the social processes in regional development.

В марте 2013 г. International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences опубликовал статью «Perpendicularity in an Abelian Group». Основная цель статьи введение понятия бинарного отношения ортогональности в произвольной абелевой группе. Нами полностью исследованы прямые суммы групп Z 3 ⊕ Z 3 и Z 5 ⊕ Z 5, построены все их ортогональности. Также нам удалось обобщить полученные результаты для прямых сумм циклических групп Z p ⊕ Z p., More and more geometric concepts penetrate into the space of the study of algebra^ On March 2013, the International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences carried an article titled "Perpendicularity in an Abelian Group" written by Haukkanen et al The main objective of that article was to introduce the concept of a binary relation of orthogonality in an arbitrary Abelian group^ The ratio of orthogonality in different algebraic structures has already aroused the interest of mathematicians before^ For example, orthogonality in the rings was studied by Davis in the paper "Rings with orthogonality relation" (Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society, vol 4, 1971), Veksler considers orthogonality in lattices and lattice-ordered groups in "Linear spaces with disjoint elements and their conversion into vector lattices" (Leningrad^ Gos^ Ped^ Inst Uchen Zap^, vol 328, pp^ 19-43, 1967) The purpose of the present paper is to get some results about orthogonalities for specific Abelian groups^ We have investigated in detail the orthogonalities of a direct sum of cyclic groups Z p © Z. On the way to answer how many and which orthogonalities this group has, we consider special cases, namely, Z 3 © Z 3, Z 5 © Z 5 and only after that we are able to summarize the results to an arbitrary group Z p © Z · Haukkanen and others introduced the concept of orthogonality in an Abelian group with the help of axioms which are absolutely natural if we give a geometric interpretation to them^ Let G = (G, +) be an additive Abelian Group^ Let 1 be a binary relation in G satisfying: (А1) У a e G : 3b e G : a 1 b, (А2) У a e G\{0}: a / a, (А3) У a, b e G : a 1 b ^ b 1 a, (А4) У a, b,c e G : a 1 b л a 1 c ^ a 1 (b + c), (А5) У a, b e G : a 1 b ^ a 1 -b We call 1 an orthogonality in G^ Definition. We call _L maximal orthogonality in G if it satisfies the axioms (Al) (A5) and after adding thereto any of the other pair, the ratio obtained is not orthogonality in G^ We explore orthogonalities of groups Z 3 © Z 3, Z 5 © Z 5 and consider the general case of a direct sum Z © Z. With the help of our research, we were able to find the number of elementary, maximal, and all possible orthogonalities in the studied groups^ We present our results in the following table^ Group The number of elementary orthogonalities The number of maximal orthogonalities The number of all possible orthogonalities Z 2 © Z 2 3 3 3 z 3 © z 3 6 3 9 z 5 © z 5 15 15 75 Z p © Z p, p > 3 C 2 Cp+i Cp+1 • Cp-1 • Cp-3 • ··· • C4 • C2 (P+ 1)'' p-i 2 C 2 • C 2 • • C 2 Y Cp+1 Cp-1 ··· CP-(2i-1) h (i+1)!

С начала рыночных реформ в России сохраняется «институциональный» вакуум в системе связей бизнеса и государства, регулирования структурных преобразований. В результате в экономике страны отсутствуют эффективные механизмы преодоления отрицательного структурного сдвига, отбросившего ее на три поколения техники и полвека социально-экономического развития. Для их становления требуется политика неоиндустриальных структурных преобразований, основу которой должны составить новые формальные и неформальные институты государственно-частного инвестирования инноваций, их продвижения на рынке, вовлечения в этот процесс банковской системы., This paper considers the problems and institutional forms of the neo-industrial structural policies establishment in Russia. Since the implementation of market reforms in the Russian economy, a significant part of the state institutions regulating economic activities were broken down. At the same time, there were negative structural changes that set back the country for several technological generations and slowed down the reproduction of fixed assets followed by the wave of post-privatization bankruptcies of industrial companies. The authors affirm that today there is a need for targeted structural reforms in the Russian economy, the innovative development of manufacturing and the establishment of hi-tech productions, id est for its neo-industrialization. The institutional environment of Russian business in the period of market reforms has been developing under the conditions of speculative redistribution, financial speculation, and extraction and export of raw materials. Beyond these sectors of the Russian economy, there are no clear rules and regulations, stimulating investors' interest to the hi-tech and processing enterprises, the training of the relevant personnel, and to applied science. This leads to high risks and unprofitability of the processing enterprises. The paper reveals the possibilities for institutionalization of the connections between business and the state in the hi-tech and processing sectors. The study also suggests the framework for the innovative development policy in the following areas: the shift of business from "participation in power" to "participation in innovations", transition from external resources to involvement in the production of basic intellectual, internal financial, and marketing resources; the targeted changes in the mechanism of fixed assets reproduction, the encouragement of hiring the employees with post-industrialized skills, the vertical integration of the processing and raw material enterprises, financial companies, and academic institutions. The institutionalization of innovative connections between the business and the state analyzed by the authors includes the establishment of alliances and associations of hi-tech companies, public and public-private banks of development, innovative and industrial investment banks. Making agreements on transfer of the technologies, mutual investments, establishment of business-angels and private ventures, innovative subcontracting and innovative entrepreneurship are also very important.

Представлены программно-аппаратные комплексы для анализа гранулометрического состава и проницаемости горных пород, один из которых основан на комплексировании геометрического и гидродинамического методов гранулометрического анализа горных пород, что позволило учитывать коэффициент формы, в том числе и отличной от шарообразной. Другой из рассматриваемых комплексов позволяет проводить контроль проницаемости, основанный на комплексировании данных, получаемых с различных датчиков., There are many methods of control for characteristics of an object in oil and gas industry. Similar characteristics of the object can be controlled by a variety of methods each of which produces an error inherent in the implementation of the principle of an appropriate method, which reduces the reliability of the data. Existing control methods do not provide a complete description of characteristics (such as particle size, shape, and permeability of rocks) that need to be considered in the development and operation of oil and gas fields. In this paper, it is proposed to increase the reliability of the characteristics using the method of combination. Based on the analysis of scientific and methodological researches and combination techniques in different application areas, a classification of combination methods in the aspect of operation techniques is proposed and a cluster characteristic of combination objects with a description of their properties is presented. This classification permits one to choose one or another combination model depending on purposes of the solved problem. This paper presents the hardware and software systems for the analysis of particle size distribution and permeability of rocks. These complexes permit one to control for the particle size with allowance for the shape factor and determine the permeability in low-permeability rocks by enhancing the range specified by the liquid flow (0.0001-30 ml/min). The designed device for monitoring the particle size distribution is based on a combination of geometric and hydrodynamic methods, which makes it possible to measure the coefficient of the particle shape, including other than spherical. As a result, the device allows measuring the particle size in the range of 1-60 microns, repeatability, and reliability of results within the error of 5% (by Student''s t-test), the accuracy of the created complex increased by 2% with respect to the particle size distribution regardless of the shape. The proposed device allows one to find the median of the obtained distribution and specific surface area of particles in accordance with their shapes, differential particle size distribution, cumulative particle size distribution function, weight percentage of particle fractions, particle number percentage, and formfactor for each measurement range. The author of the article also proposes a device allowing one to determine the permeability in low-permeability rocks based on a combination of data from different sensors (pressure, differential pressure, and temperature) in a single system for collecting and analyzing information. This allows one to automatically maintain the pressure (for any sensors, depending on the method) in the experiments.

Рассматриваются автоматизированная система учета и контроля документооборота, связанного с постановлениями Ученого совета вуза, на примере Томского государственного университета (ТГУ); проблемы документооборота, связанного с постановлениями Ученого совета ТГУ. Проанализированы основные задачи автоматизации, решаемые данной системой, и набор предоставляемых возможностей. Также рассмотрена обобщенная структурно-функциональная схема и приведен стек технологий реализации., There is a permanent work with documents in Tomsk State University. A sizable part in making this work is brought in by meeting of the Scientific Council (SC), which takes place with certain periodicity. A result is a list of the decisions taken on control. The secretary of the SC creates a text document, containing the list of these decisions. Subdivisions of University must execute task and present a corresponding report. In time, there is the accumulation of bank of decisions and reports of subdivisions, that complicate work on watching execution of decisions. In addition, both a secretary and subdivisions require to execute identical monotonous work on the hand filling and viewing dozens of documents very alike on each other. A conclusion is obvious about the serious lack of organization efficiency of work with the SC decisions. So, it was decided to create the dedicated system electronic circulation of documents. This system solves the next problems on automation: 1. one-time registration of the SC regulations, exception of necessity of frequent printing-down and unsealing of decisions; 2. storage of all decisions in a single base that allows to avoid loss papers or origin of doublets; 3. access to the system from any computer with an internet connection, which greatly improves the efficiency; 4. possibility of attaching to the tasks, sent to subdivisions, of auxiliary informative files, that releases from the necessity of transmission of stacks of papers or independent search subdivisions of corresponding documents and forms; 5. intrasystem exchange by reports for simplification of communication needed to address emerging issues; 6. possibility of archiving both decisions of the SC and tasks put before subdivisions; 7. simple monitoring system allowing without delay and effectively to communicate to subdivisions; 8. timely reminder about unfulfilled tasks, term of handing over of which passed already, that diminished a possible damage from similar situations; 9. transparency of all activity related to execution of the SC decisions, and as a result is possibility qualitatively to analyze this activity for the search of bottlenecks.

Исследуется связь принципа финитизма в философии природы с метафизикой элеатов - Парменида и Мелисса. Великие (строгие) законы сохранения в физике, в особенности законы сохранения энергии и электрического заряда, рассматриваются с точки зрения двузначной алгебры метафизики как формальной аксиологии., The connection between the finitism-principle in nature-philosophy and the metaphysics of Par-menides and Melissus is investigated. The strict laws of conservation in physics, especially, the ones of conservation of energy and of electric charge are considered from the viewpoint of two-valued algebra of formal axiology.In the first part of the paper the author constructs different logical squares and hexagons of opposition of a-priori knowledge and empirical one. The two kinds of knowledge and their contrariness are precisely defined by means of compositions of epistemic, alethic, and axio-logical modalities. The first logical square and hexagon considered in the paper are graphic models of the system of logical interrelations among "knowledge that p", "empirical knowledge that p", "a-priori knowledge that p", and "alethic necessity of p". The second square and hexagon are graphic models of the system of logical interrelations among "knowledge that it is good that p", "empirical knowledge that it is good that p", "a-priori knowledge that it is good that p", and "alethic necessity (of the situation) that it is good that p". The third square and hexagon are graphic models of the system of logical interrelations among the contrary epistemic modalities "a-priori knowledge" and "empirical one" precisely defined by means of epistemic, alethic and axiological modalities. These square and hexagon combine the three modality types in such a hypothetical synthesis which heads to a couple of problems.Firstly, the synthesis of the two previous figures by the third ones contradicts to the universality of the principle of logical autonomy between statements about being and ones about value. This contradiction is eliminated by formally defined restriction of the scope of relevant applicability of the mentioned autonomy principle: applying this principle is relevant if and only if it is applied to empirical knowledge; in sphere of a-priori one it is not relevantly applicable. From the submitted definitions it follows logically that if some knowledge is a-priori one then it is one of necessarily good. If so then if the strict laws of conservation in physics represent a-priori knowledge, then they represent knowledge of necessarily good. Hence the laws-of-conservation of energy and the ones of electric charge are laws of formal axiology. This consequence is examined by means of two-valued algebra of formal axiology. The result is positive.

Аудит как инструмент тотального мониторинга за деятельностью ключевых игроков национальных экономик в условиях глобализации, или элемент инвестиционного маркетинга, или действительно востребованный демократический институт независимого финансового контроля. Пытаясь отстраниться от навязанных определений, лозунгов и догм, в статье изложена авторская позиция. На основе проведенного исследования в сфере банковского аудита иллюстрируется подрыв доверия российских пользователей бухгалтерской отчетности коммерческих банков к результатам аудиторских экспертиз., National interests and the restoration of the economic sovereignty are priorities announced by the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin in his Address to the Federal Assembly on December 4, 2014. Within the framework of national information security, the paper reviewed the role of the audit as an economic institution. "Independent" audit was deliberately introduced as a democratic institution of financial control to the economic area after the collapse of the union state and its reorientation towards market-type reforms. Foreign audit firms currently audit the majority of Russian enterprises of strategic importance. Four audit firms with foreign ownership cover more than forty-six per cent of the total income received from the auditing activities in the Russian Federation. Monopolization of the audit market has considerable implicit risks. Audit is a tool for monitoring the key players of the national economies in the context of globalization, or an element of investment marketing, or, indeed, an essential democratic institute for independent financial control? The author's opinion in this paper is different from the established one because she tried to distance from the artificially formed stereotype. The paper proposes to abandon the binding nature of the audit of financial statements in favor of the interests of the information security of the national economies. A research in the field of bank audit illustrates that Russian users of commercial banks' financial statements tend to distrust audit results. Audit is defined as a socially-oriented market economy institution. It is viewed as an independent examination of the information from the financial statements of an economic entity to verify its completeness and reliability. It should be noted that audit, as any tool for control, could be used in many ways. Therefore, it is important to seek for a balanced compromise between information security of a business entity and information requirements of financial statements users. If the society recognizes audit as an important economic institution of financial control, it should respond to the facts provided in the paper by initiating measures to improve audit quality. The author suggests that such measures may include an increased personal accountability of an auditor for issued audit reports and prioritizing of the national economic interests and traditions. The author suggests improving Russian auditing legislation in favor of the interests of national security. Audit firms have an indirect influence on the investment attractiveness of business entities. Audit de facto acts as an element of investment marketing and PR intended to boost public interest to an audited entity by encouraging favorable public perception of its transparent business activities, openness, and publicity.

В статье подробно рассматриваются глаголы русского языка «совать сунуть» и их производные (словообразовательные и семантические). Автор исследует, «вычислима» ли особенная стилистика глагола «сунуть» из его семантики, в какой степени стилистические особенности этого глагола наследуются в процессе его словообразования, воспроизводится ли стилистика исходного «сунуть» при семантическом сдвиге, теряется ли, взаимодействуя с другими элементами новой конструкции., The paper deals with the morphosyntactic and stylistic properties of the Russian verb SUNUT'' (''to shove'') and argues for their semantic motivation. SUNUT'' is usually considered as one of "putting verbs" (denoting change of location), but it has some peculiarities in its syntax, derivational patterns, semantics and stylistics. Unlike other verbs of this taxonomic class, SUNUT'' profiles the way the object is transferred to the final location, but not the location itself. It implies that after the object is rapidly moved by the human hand, the hand is quickly removed from the final location of the object. The idea of incompleteness which arises due to the component of high speed is responsible for low-register uses of SUNUT''. It is shown that the component of low register disappears in the context of some prefixes, like PRO-, which change the semantic profile of the lexical item. However, ZAor PODderivatives inherit the original stylistic register of SUNUT'' and enrich it with additional implicatures emerged from their meaning (''putting far away'' --> ''without enough control'' + low register; ''putting under'' --> ''secretly'' + low register). Low register is also inherited by two reflexive derivatives of SUNUT'': SUNUT''SIA (''to tamper'') and SOVAT''SIA (''to horn in''). The results of the corpus study (based on the data of Russian National Corpus, www.ruscorpora.ru) presented in the paper demonstrate that previously the reflexive and non-reflexive forms of SUNUT'' were not stylistically marked and occurred in neutral surroundings. No earlier than in the 19th century the reflexive forms SUNUT''SIA and SOVAT''SIA denoted impatient motion of a human being in different directions. In most cases that was motion forward form the initial position. Interestingly, the forms were also used in contexts of polite request, which proves they were not marked stylistically. The gradual effect of lowering of the register took place within the interval of one century; it represents a clear case of a semantic shift affecting these derivatives. The non-reflexive verb SUNUT'' displays an unusual semantic development: along with ''putting'', in Modern Russian, it can denote ''giving'', ''showing'' and ''hitting''. The final part of the paper argues that the corresponding shifts (no matter how unusual they look) are motivated by regular syntactic patterns of SUNUT''. The most complicated is the shift from ''putting'' to ''hitting''. The verb undergoes radical syntactic reinterpretation and becomes intransitive. However, the mechanism of this shift is fully transparent as it is shown in the article.

Представлен анализ основных подходов к интерпретации причинности в правовой реальности. Рассмотрены наиболее известные концепции причинности и возможности их применения в сфере философии права, в частности при определении юридической ответственности. Обосновывается позиция о том, что специфика правовых отношений не позволяет решать вопросы ответственности за нарушение законов на основе концепции conditio sine qua non, распространенной на практике., The paper presents an analysis of the main approaches of causality in legal reality. The most famous conceptions of causality and the possibility of their application in legal philosophy, in particular in the determination of legal responsibility are considered. The paper substantiates the position that the specificity of legal relations does not settle the question of responsibility for the violation of laws based on conception of a conditio sine qua non, common in practice.

Рассмотрены теоретические основы связи литературного жанра с идеологией и утопией, приводятся различные определения понятий «идеология» и «утопия». Объектом исследования стал литературный жанр феминистской утопии, приводятся его моциолингвистические характеристики, анализируются возможности жанра для социофилософского анализа и моделирования., The paper is dedicated to the problem of immanent connection between literary genre, utopias and ideology, including different definitions of terms "utopia" and "ideology". The object of analysis is feminist utopia genre, the paper reviews sociolinguistic characteristics of utopian genre and its philosophical analysis and modeling opportunities.

Акцентируется внимание на актуальности и значимости организации самостоятельной работы студентов (СРС) в ходе курсового проектирования, на изменении характера познавательной деятельности студентов в процессе их профессиональной подготовки в контексте реализации компетентностного подхода. Подчеркивается, что суть компетентностного подхода в образовании ориентация на его результат, в качестве которого рассматривается готовность и способность человека действовать в различных профессиональных и нестандартных ситуациях. Определены этапы, условия повышения эффективности СРС, а также задачи преподавателей по планированию и контролю этого вида деятельности. В статье представлена модель проекта «Организация и руководство курсовым проектированием: цели, сопровождение СРС, порядок защиты проекта»., An important final link in the whole educational process, the result of independence, the degree of mastery of knowledge and skills to use them in solving specific production problems is course designing. Course designing is a type of self-educational activity of students which is a creative solution to real educational or professional goals. This kind of learning activities provides training sessions in the form of independent work of students, counseling and the defense of the work performed. Course designing is a mandatory element of the training process. The system of course projects (papers) prepares students to perform a final qualification work. The topics of papers base on the factual material of businesses that students collect during practical training. The starting materials for the implementation of the course work usually contain sufficient data for setting tasks for designing and wording a problem situation: economic, environmental aspects, safety issues in relation to the designed object. However, one of the main requirements to the topic of the course work is its comprehensiveness, that is, considering the modernization of existing automation systems, students should address the issues of restoration or replacement of process equipment, reduction of labor-intensive operations in many stages of the production process. Guidelines for the organization of students'' independent work which allow them to prepare for classes and organize their self-study to perform individual tasks are important for the improvement of the planning and organization of this type of educational activities. The subjects of course designing in the discipline Economics of Organizations is directly related to the subjects of course designing for the discipline Automation of Technological Processes and Production, which allows students to system-ically study designing issues and, therefore, to develop the format of logical thinking which will contribute to the proper formation of specific competencies in a future profession. As a rule, students take the initiative in the choice of topics. A professor traditionally supervises students in their study designing. Students have an opportunity to be more independent. An important tool in designing is a feasibility study. An engineer in any field should have a good understanding of the issues of cost, pricing, working capital investments, profits and other economic categories. A course project is a universal indicator of the competence of students, it is an indicator of their knowledge and skills. Supervising students'' self-study during course designing includes: guidelines for the implementation of course papers; normative and reference books; schedule of works; coordination of students'' work; consulting; schedule of course paper defense; organization of project defense; preliminary assessment of the work by the project supervisor; assessment of the course paper defense; making of a protocol of work defenses. The implementation of the competency-based approach involves the search for answers to quite complex issues related to the reorientation of educational outcomes to the list of competencies that are in demand by employers and are formed under responsibility of an educational institution. Thus, a competency is a combination of characteristics (referring to knowledge and its application, to positions, skills and responsibilities) that describe the level or degree to which a person is able to implement it.

В статье рассматриваются специфические особенности и факторы развития банковского сектора российской экономики. Подчеркивается рентоориентированность банковского капитала, его политизированность и клановость. Обосновывается необходимость защиты и развития конкурентной среды банковского капитала, а также определяется степень ее конкурентности., The author presumes that the banking sector efficiency largely depends on the level of competitiveness of its environment as well as the principles of concentration and centralization of a bank capital. The paper places particular emphasis on the nature of the banking sector of the economy where economic entities act within undeveloped market relations at the cost of borrowed funds. This paper states that the dominant capital in today's global economy is an "oligopolistic financial capital" that seeks to unite with the state: its economic, political and legislative power. The economy has been showing a growth of share of investments into politics, providing particular hedging of banking transactions by the state. Corporate sector's participation in this process provides a considerable competitive pressure on the bank capital. As a result, there are two features of the entire economic system functioning: 1. A shift of economic activity from the real sector to its rent-producing industries and banking and financial sector; 2. Current Russian economy, as well as the global economy, clearly have a governing and regulating core organized as a triumvirate: industrial capital, bank capital and public capital, both in economic and political aspects. This paper defines the banking services market as oligopolistic. However, it also emphasizes that based on formal features the entire banking sector largely matches the criteria of a monopolistic competition. Indeed, there is a required minimum of banks in the market 847. But according to the official data only, 7 out of these 847 banks own 72% of all banking assets in the country. Geographic distribution of banks and their capital in Russia is unique. Moscow, the Moscow Region and St. Petersburg hold 80-85% of bank capital. The rest of the vast "periphery" accounts for only 15-20%. The establishment of the banking sector of different intensity of banking capital concentration and competitiveness has occurred in the Russian market. These figures are very high in the center and very low in the periphery. As a result, the seven abovementioned banks of development that dominate the entire economic space of the country in fact transfer financial resources from the periphery to the center, aggravating their already highly uneven regional distribution. Based on the analysis of the particular statistical material, the paper states that the banking sector of the economy has experienced a decrease in competitive potential, and with it, a slowdown in development. The banking sector that has been established in Russia is showing different levels of banking capital concentration and different degree of competitiveness in the center and the periphery. Financial resources are transferred to the center, which aggravates their already highly uneven distribution across the regions of the country. This paper represents the measurement of the monopoly power index in the banking sector using the Herfindahl-Hirschman method, although it emphasizes its relative inaccuracy. The result is impressive 5184% with a maximum of 10,000%. It should be noted that in fact, this figure is much higher, as the author has identified the economic weight of just these seven banks, not to mention the fact that the involvement of the state in their capital significantly enhances the monopolization of the bank capital market. The conclusion emphasizes that against an overall decrease in economic efficiency, the banking sector's efficiency has been decreasing faster, either has the efficiency of state-owned banks within it.

Исследуются основополагающие принципы восприятия традиции в христианской культуре. Выявляются основные подходы к восприятию культурного многообразия; ряд проблем, встающих перед последователями традиционных культур, стремящимися к соблюдению традиции в исторически изменяющихся условиях, и проблемы мотивации, определяющие сложности установления межкультурных взаимодействий. Рассматриваются принципы пути преодоления сложностей следования религиозной традиции в условиях поликультурализма, раскрываемые священником Александром Менем в его творчестве, преимущественно труде, посвященном истории религий., In the presented paper questions are being examined, topical both for historical science and for social point of view the search of the principles of tradition preservation and development, adequate to conditions of the changing world, is very important for contemporary followers of traditional religious cultures. Fr. A. Men' devoted greater part of his creativity and service to the search and development of these principles, though his creative work that is wide-known and discussed in religious environment, extremely insufficiently included in the scientific historical discourse. Fr. A. Men' is a notable thinker and preacher of XX century, his historical conception is interesting and considering his service and social status, is unique by its approach to interpretation of culture basics. His position and comprehension of the personal perception importance, ideas of cross-cultural principles, formed to a large extent in 1970-80s, are actual for contemporary situation in the multicultural world. The paper examines basic ways of overcoming challenges of following religious tradition in conditions of policulturalism, discovered by fr. A. Men in his creative work, mainly a work dedicated to the history of religions. The cultural and religious context is researched, which is basic principles of tradition perception in Orthodox culture. Among them teleologi-city, the conception of the all-embracing Revelation, its discovery in the world and of true interpretation and following importance. For traditional cultures followers seeking for observing tradition in historically changing conditions emerge a variety of issues and motivational problems which define challenges in establishing cross-cultural communications. Basic approaches of cultural diversity perception are being defined: dichotomic perception, hierarchical approach, features of fr. A. Men' approach are analyzed. Fr. Alexander places emphasis on personality and its conscious creative search, on formation, which is unique and unconventional. Particularly, in informatization environment and policulturalism, when it is inevitable to have non-standard situations and it is necessary to search for answers and define attitude towards them. He reveals ways and principles of tradition and its spirit following and essence in non-traditional environment, he emphasizes necessity of the development of ability of picking out the essence and build relations with the essence and the surroundings.

Статья посвящена обобщению опыта работы автора по выявлению в ходе этнографических исследований русских Горного Алтая новых письменных источников. Показаны различные пути обнаружения рукописей, мемуаров, записей фольклорного содержания. Освещено значение этих новых источников для изучения культуры и этнической историирусских ГорногоАлтая., Today, when the oldest representatives of our generation leave this world, finding new written sources to conduct further research of the traditional culture and ethnic history has even a greater value. In the period since 2007 till 2014 the author has found a number of new written works, part of which has been published. We try to show ways and methods for finding new sources in field work of a researcher and describe their meaning in the study of the history and culture of a region. The work on these tasks, as we believe, may be found useful for other researchers, who work out questionnaires and methods of collecting field materials. As a result our work facilitates finding new resources. The author has registered the following written works on the traditional culture: memoir notes of T. A. Shevelyova, a resident of Ilyinka Village, written in a few school notebooks and laced together as one set; a book with chastushki, which is two exercise books, written by S. D. Dementyeva from Cherga Village; memory notes on separate sheets of paper, written by I. L. Nohrin, a farmer from Choya Village; born in 1900; notes about medicine by Z. I. Kolpakova from Ilyinka Village that have been found in the form of fragments of texts in a school note book and on sheets of paper. This work can be divided into 2 parts: texts with spells and texts with recipes of herbal medicinal preparations, ointments and other traditional ways for treatment; a complex of manuscripts by T. F. Bochkaryov from Multa Village in five note books: Manuscript 1 and 2 tell a family legend about I. Bochkaryov, a traveler and an Old Believer, and about Old Believers in Gorny Altai, who moved to another settlement; Manuscript 3 and 4 contain notes done by some Old Believers about their life in the period from 1929 to 1946; small-volumed notes, for example, about rules of a burial procedure of Old Believers, written by N. L. Kazanina from Choya Village and found as part of burial clothing. As a conclusion it is worth noting that new written sources have been found by means of these ways: an interviewee himself or herself shared his or her notes for the study of regional history and culture; one of the residents in a village told us about a person who kept memoir notes, manuscripts, who collects folklore materials; in the course of other aspects of traditional culture; due to favorable relations between an researcher and an informant; as a result of people's understanding of sincere research work and professionalism of an interviewer.

The present paper describes a novel model of teaching for complex learning that will also increase students' abilities to transfer their knowledge across subject matter domains. This paper focuses on how the model affects student learning and transfer. In general, this theoretical model suggests that the implementation of such an approach will: 1. Increase children S complex learning, which includes in-depth conceptual understandings, abstract explanatory models and principles, and connections across subject matter areas. 2. Increase children's ability to transfer knowledge across subject matter areas and other experiential contexts, including language and culture. 3. Increase children's achievement levels without teaching directly to the test. 4. Increase our understandings of how children develop complex understandings that can be transferred across subject matter domains and other contexts. 5. Increase our understanding of the effectiveness of different teaching styles and approaches in implementing a model of teaching for complex and transferable understandings.

В статье рассматривается формирование новой концепции социализации управления организацией, необходимость признания властных институтов административного управления государственного, регионального и муниципального уровней, их активного взаимодействия с внешней средой. Управленческая деятельность предстает как процесс самообновления и самоорганизации индивидуумов и организаций, осуществляемый во взаимодействии с микрои макросредой их функционирования. Это предполагает единство предметно-материального и идеально-творческого начал управленческой деятельности, изменения характера взаимоотношений с государством и, как следствие, стирание различий между коммерческими и некоммерческими организациями., The paper considers the establishment of a new concept of company management socialization, the need to recognize the administrative authorities operating on national, regional and local levels, and their strong interaction with the external environment. Management activity is shown as a process of self-renewal and self-organization of individuals and organizations engaged in an interaction with micro and macro environment in which they operate. This requires the unity of substantive and transcendental fundamental principles of management, the change in nature of interaction with the state, and consequently, the elimination of distinctions between commercial and non-profit organizations. This paper points out that there is a clear need for the establishment of partnership relations between the state and NGOs, which is considered a key condition for management socialization. Today genuine reform is a fundamental change in the relations between the state and the business. They ought to transform into an authentic partnership. Among the most promising areas of management socialization are reduction of administrative barriers; expanding the use of business incubators; systemic support for innovative business projects; improving access to financing: grants, microcredit, crowdfunding mechanisms, incorporation of business costs for social programs implemented by socially oriented NGOs in the list of expenses deductible for income tax purposes. The authors emphasize the need to transfer public functions to private organizations and institutions and civil society organizations. Organizational and economic forms of their interaction is a social contract.

Рассмотрена проблема оценки качества образования международными рейтингами вузов. Приведены основные, признанные мировым сообществом, глобальные рейтинги лучших университетов, проанализированы критерии, используемые различными рейтингами для оценки «качества» университета, выявлено, что такое «лучший университет» по версии рейтингов, представлены варианты измерения «качества» высшего образования. Проведено собственное исследование выпускников томских вузов различных факультетов. На основе полученных данных был сделан вывод о том, как используют подобные рейтинги сами вузы, а также абитуриенты и их родители и кому они больше необходимы., What are the best world universities rankings? How do they work? Do they ensure that an institution can attract more students and financial support? Will the cities, where universities are located, get additional economic and social benefits related to jobs and taxes or will they lead to additional promotion of universities that are on a particular ranking, thus enhancing competitiveness of one institution compared to others. This paper addresses the problem of education quality assessment by means of international higher education institutions rankings. The objective of the paper is to determine whether or not higher education institutions rankings can serve as a tool for assessing the quality of education and whether the implemented set of criteria for including on a ranking reflects the concept of "best university". With this in mind, the author reviews the criteria, which are used for education quality assessment by different rankings; defines the concept of "best university"; presents criteria options for measuring the "quality" of higher education; determines whether the leading higher education institutions meet the criteria for "best universities" and whether rankings take into account the actual quality of education. The author analyzes the globally recognized rankings of the best universities, which make it possible to conclude that rankings can be considered as objective indicators of quality of higher education and the criteria for including a university on a ranking reflect concept of "the best university". The author also conducts a study of Tomsk higher education institutions graduates and determines how rankings are used by education institutions, entrants and their parents. Finally, the author substantiates the need for presence of Russian universities on international rankings due to implementation of the concept of export of Russian educational services for the period 2011-2020.

Предлагается метод сокращения тестовых последовательностей, представленных в виде троичных векторов с помощью дерева декомпозиции, основанного на разложении множеств троичных векторов по нескольким переменным., In this paper, we study structures with source-child relations projection. First we provide (deduce) a specification of several indicators and relations of subject matter. Then, we go through practical implementation. As an example, we consider a modification of algorithm proposed earlier in our research. According to our terminology, we process series of triple vectors containing variables, shorten the data by constructing a decomposition tree applying the operations of intersection, merging, and absorption of vectors within groups according to the structure. Then, we form maximally compatible subsets by a decomposition tree and perform hipping for non-specified variables by merging several vectors into one. The task is specified as a matrix of triple variables, and rows are vectors. Each vector is used in operations as a whole in spite of the vectors are series of variables. Maximally compatible subsets are considered in the scope of the given initial task by the Pareto-effective relation. Earlier, we have introduced several modifications of an algorithm, making several specifications to avoid duplication of indifferent vectors in child nodes and reducing the necessity of covering task. As usual, we determine maximally defined variable to build a next node for a decomposition tree. So, we apply the distribution by several maximally defined variables in case of a group with the same amount of defined values. From here, less steps and smaller tree are obtained. Note, an iteration approach has been proposed for the procedure, which allows avoiding excess steps and combinatory actions on the assembling stage. At this, recursion and universalization of method are used here. Also, the principle of the Layout-Related optimization is introduced in our paper.

Сделана попытка оценить эффект влияния топографии места на ориентировку городской застройки на примере пяти крупнейших городов Центрального Черноземья. Описана разработанная методика такой оценки. Полученные результаты отражают неоднозначность влияния рельефа на планировку. При некоторых условиях топографический фактор уступает по значимости прочим, в основном косности градостроительного замысла. Показана экологическая роль ориентирования застройки сообразно рельефу либо же, напротив, ее дезориентации., The article describes the current practice of building on the slopes. The steeper the slope, the harder it restricts the orientation of buildings. V.G. Davidovich classified Four levels of slope steepness, depending on their effect on the planning. In the paper, we use a hypothesis that real planning examples will show the reverse dependence of construction disorientation and slope steepness. The paper researched the buildings of five main cities in the Chernozemye region: Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk and Tambov. A special procedure to verify this hypothesis was created. The data of the OpenStreetMap and SRTM were used for computations. We presumed that the result construction orientation is reflected by the aggregate orientations of all vertical edges. Nearly 80 thousand buildings in five cities on the total area of 1380 km 2 were analyzed. For each wall we computed its parameters: length, position of start-points and end-points, direction of the wall and also aspects and steepness of the slopes of the base surface. Then we calculated the delta-value of normal directions of walls and aspects. All walls were subdivided into nine groups by delta-values of directions and by values of steepness of the Earth surface. Samples were analyzed in WinExcel. Urban sites are indifferent to topography on flat and subflat surfaces. The buildings reflect the topographical order on slopes with mean steepness. The clarity of this reflection changes from city to city and depends on some reasons. Only the cumulative effect leads to observable results. The article gives major reasons to it. The first reason is the impossibility of erecting a long building on a steep slope. The second reason is the need to effectively correlate the location of new buildings in the streets and districts with the plan of the entire city. The third reason is the need to create a geometrically precise inside-plan of streets or districst. Their combined effect leads to a fact that, for example, the flattened territory of Tambov severely limits the planning. To be more exact, a plan (if it corresponds to the relief) does not conflict with urban development ideas. The rugged terrain of Kursk is tolerant to construction. This city cannot have an effective plan, without neglecting the steep slopes bordering the historic center. The topography effect on city planning can influence the features of urban environment. Geomorphologically subordinate construction demarcates greater the flows of matters (runoff, winds) and physical fields (insolation, noise, etc.).

Предлагается взгляд на историю формальной логики в Европе XIX века как на три автономных традиции: германскую, британскую и австрийскую. В первой логика понималась как наука о форме мышления, отвлекающаяся от всякого содержания; во второй - как теория рассуждения, сосредоточенная на анализе формы языковых выражений; в третьей - как общая теория науки и -учение о форме предметов вообще. Описываются основные вехи истории и общие характеристики каждой из традиций., The development of formal logic in 19 th century Europe is considered in the paper. The principal idea is that that during this logic developed as three independent traditions: German, British and Austrian. The German tradition was definitely influenced by I. Kant. The (general pure) logic was considered here as a science of the form of thought, in abstraction from any object (content). J.F. Fries and J.F. Herbart proposed the most influential conceptions of the philosophy of logic. The former developed the anthropological (psychological) foundation for logic. The latter shifted the subject of logic from "thinking" to "thinkable". His presuppositions were disclosed in details in the remarkable "Neue Dar-stellung der Logic" of his pupil M.W. Drobisch. A.Trendelenburg exposed the final commonly accepted view of the subject; he also coined the very term "formal logic". The principles of the British traditions were laid down by R.Whately, and in fact that principles formed the paradigm of British tradition in the philosophy of logic. The logic was considered here as an inquiry of reasoning, and its formal character was explained by the fact that it deals with the form of language expression. Approaches of Whately were severely attacked by W. Hamilton, but his arguments, in spite of soundness, appeared to be ineffective. The development of this tradition is traced up to J.S. Mill and A. de Morgan. Mill has created the groundwork for future development of logical semantics by his theory of denotation and connotation. De Morgan has expanded the linguistic approach to logic on its algebraic handling. Both of them extended, in different ways, the conception of reasoning. B.Bolzano was the father-founder of the Austrian tradition. Logic was typically viewed here as a general theory of science (Wissensschaftslehre). Logic is formal because it deals with the form of objects and relations in general. The principal feature of the Austrian logical tradition consists in the fact that it included some kind the theory of object. It is pointed and demonstrated in the paper that the factual ''inventor'' of the logical theory of object was R. Zimmerman, the student of Bolzano. The formation of the Austrian logical style was completed due to the school of Brentano. The specific features of the school are discussed on the instance of the A. Hofler''s "Logik". The concluding part of the paper contains very short outline of the remarkable similarities between the ideas of Frege and principles, shared or discussed by the school of Brentano.

В статье рассматривается модель ЭКСПЕРИЕНЦЕР/ИСПЫТЫВАЮЩИЙ ЭМОЦИИ КАК ПОВЕРХНОСТЬ во фразеологии русского и английского языков с параллелями в немецком, идиш, ирландском и иврите. Анализируются идиомы и отдельные коллокации; в их модификациях обнаруживается тенденция к изменению метафоры, лежащей в их основе: экспериенцер может быть переосмыслен как контейнер (ср. быть на нервах / в нервах)., The paper deals with the experiencer [of emotions] as a surface model in Russian and English phraseology with parallels in German, Yiddish, Irish, and Hebrew. Surface metaphors (moving towards the surface and staying thereupon) are often found in idioms and restricted collocations denoting emotional state or mental and emotional impact. The focus falls on the idioms and collocations, including those following certain patterns, e.g. Irish ta X ar Y [an domhain], lit. "there is X on/upon Y [of the world]" with a magnifier (LFMagn in Igor Mel'chuk's Meaning^Text theory): ta bron orm 'I am sad' ["there is sadness on me"], bhi aifeala orthu 'they were sorry' ["there was regret on them"], ta uafas uirthi 'she is scared' ["there is dread on her"]. The concepts under consideration are not unlike orientational metaphors described by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson (e.g. conscious is up, unconscious is down: English to fall in love, to sink into a coma, Russian vpast'/pogruzit'sya v tosku/depressiyu 'to fall/sink into yearning/depression', Hebrew lishqoa' be-dikaon 'ditto'). However, in the idioms and phrases discussed in this paper, the experiencer does not move (unlike the one in Lakoff and Johnson's examples) but is static, with emotions moving towards them. Hence, the experi-encer [of emotions] as a surface model is more likely to be considered both an ontological and structural metaphor. This model seems to be subdivided into several "submodels", such as emotion is a thing moving towards the experiencer (Russian Xnashlo na kogo-l. 'X has come upon sb.', English X falls on/upon Y, X befalls Y, shame on/upon sb.), emotional and mental impact touches the experiencer/surface (English to get/work on sb.'s nerves, German jmdm. Auf die Nerven gehen), emotional and mental impact collides with the experiencer/surface (e.g. Russian [lit'] bal'zam na dushu/serdtse 'words of consolation' ["[to pour] ointment onto the soul/heart"]). Emotion as a thing moving towards the experiencer submodel is often used for describing mental and emotional states that are considered negative or harmful. Interestingly enough, in idiom modifications, the experiencer as a surface model may transform into experiencer as a container unless an idiom has no semes ascertaining that the object is a surface (such as Russian gora naplechakh 'burden, cause of tribulations' ["a mountain on one's shoulders"], which does not allow for goravkom-l. 'a mountain in sb.'). Apparently, such semantic transformations are possible in an idiom whose noun phrase could be regarded as a container of sorts (e.g. bal'zam na dushu/serdce vs. bal 'zam v dushu, where organs, visible and invisible alike, are traditionally seen as a container of cognitive processes). Sometimes these two metaphors become a basis for phraseological synonymy, such as that of Russianprijti na um 'to occur to sb.' ["to come onto one's mind"] andpriyti vgolovu ["to come into one's head"] (cf. English to come into one's mind).

Исследованы свойства хороших колец обобщенных матриц. Показано, что любая обобщенная матрица есть сумма диагональной и обратимой обобщенных матриц. Получено одно условие k-хорошести произвольного кольца обобщенных матриц., This paper concerns properties of k-good formal matrix rings Kn of order n with rings R1, R2,..., R n on the main diagonal and R rR,-bimodules My on other places. In the ring theory, various matrix rings play an important role. Above all I mean formal matrix rings. Formal matrix rings generalize a notion of matrix ring of order n over a given ring. Every ring with nontrivial idem-potents is isomorphic to some formal matrix ring. The endomorphism ring of a decomposable module also is a formal matrix ring. The studies of such rings are quite useful for solving some problems on endomorphism rings of Abelian groups. In this paper I show that every matrix form Kn is the sum of diagonal matrix and invertible matrix. Also I give one condition when Kn is the k-good ring.

Рассмотрен опыт применения ресурсного подхода для оценки деятельности сельских библиотек Томской области в сфере информационной поддержки школьного образования. Приведены особенности формирования и использования информационно-образовательных ресурсов сельских библиотек. Показаны формы работы по освоению материалов основной школьной программы, содействию образованию школьников в таких аспектах, как краеведческое и правовое образование, приобщение населения к чтению. Сделаны выводы о необходимости и востребованности информационно-образовательной деятельности сельских библиотек., Modern school education is to solve a lot of problems. The most important is forming students'' readiness to engage in life-long learning as well as forming various competencies: research, informational and project. Modern libraries actively help in solving these problems; their activities are aimed at both collection, storage, interpretation and reproduction of socially relevant knowledge, and timely provision of data in response to training, educational, professional, educational and recreational needs of readers. Resource-based approach that involves strategic analysis of the organization, its specific learning resources in the context of improving the competitiveness and social relevance allows rating the diverse activities of a modern library designed to promote the goals of schooling. Researchers of various aspects of educational activities pay a lot of attention to the formation and use of information resources in the secondary school. These resources are a set of electronic documents or other information on readable media, numerous collections and arrays of traditional paper documents stored in information systems and resource centers. A modern rural library is an effective resource that promotes education in such areas as local studies, legal education, introduction to reading, formation of information culture, aesthetic and patriotic education. Rural libraries realize their resource potential in the following way: assisting in the selection of books for preparation to classes; searching remote network information for writing reports, papers, self-education; organization of thematic exhibitions and educational shows of popular and art books; having media classes on topics studied at school; compiling bibliographic literature reviews, appropriate work programs; conducting quizzes and contests covering certain aspects of school material; holding library lessons to effectively process and interpret information, to successfully learn the material. The subject of the research in this article is municipal rural libraries of Tomsk Oblast viewed as an information resource that facilitates the process of learning in secondary schools. The use of the resource approach to the analysis of libraries is geographically limited to Verhneketsky, Teguldetsky and Chainsky districts of Tomsk Oblast. The source basis of the study is the materials of analytical reports on the activities of the municipal rural libraries in 2013-2014 that characterize the current state and actual trends of the library activities. The study found that modern rural libraries are current and future educational resources used effectively in the learning process of students.

Анализируется процесс изучения казачьего зарубежья в российской историографии. Исследуются основные темы, получившие свое развитие в трудах российских историков: численность и география, общественно-политическая и культурная жизнь, участие во Второй мировой войне казаков-эмигрантов. Объектом исследования выступили работы, посвященные непосредственно казачьей эмиграции. Выделены научные проблемы, которые не получили еще достаточного внимания со стороны исследователей, в первую очередь история казачьего зарубежья после окончания Второй мировой войны., The purpose of this research is analysis of the Russian historiography on the Cossack emigre. The object of research is presented by the papers devoted directly to the Cossack emigre. Naturally one of the pressing issues is figuring out the number of Cossacks abroad and analysis of their geographical allocation. In regard to settlement of the Cossack emigrants historians unanimously call Bulgaria, China, France, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia among the countries which sheltered the main part of the Cossacks. However the majority of the Cossacks of the South-East of the European part of Russia emigrated to the West and their main transfer point was Turkey. Don Cossacks located mainly in Bulgaria and Kuban Cossacks settled in Serbia. Besides the named countries some Cossacks were placed in Poland and Germany. Beside Turkey the transit countries were Greece, Georgia, Romania and Finland. Cossacks of Orenburg, Semi-rechye, Ural and also Siberian and Far East Cossacks were mainly leaving for China. During the country analysis of the Cossack emigrants allocation historians put their attention also to the geography of the disposal of the Cossack organizations and unions abroad. The great majority of the research works on the history of the Cossack emigration that were issued in 1990s are based on the material that had been published in the emigrant press. With the input of wider circle of sources (archive documents, memoirs, press) into the scientific turnover they become the subject of separate research. Great circle of the sources on the history of the Cossack emigration make researchers deal also with methodological problems of their use. Among the problems that attracted the researchers' attention we should note the problem of development of sociopolitical thought of the Cossack emigrants. The problem of their socioeconomic adaptation to the life abroad gained traction in a lesser degree. The study of the Cossack life in certain countries has great importance for understanding problems connected with the history of the Cossack emigre. The problem of the Cossack emigre culture also wasn't neglected by the researchers. Some part of papers put particular emphasis on staying abroad of members of certain Cossack armies. Special attention in Russian historiography is being put by the research papers devoted to the emigre personalities who had play significant role in sociopolitical or cultural life of the Cossack emigre. The main attention of the researches is compelled to the interbellum period of the Cossacks' staying abroad, that include years of the World War II. History of the interbellum period Cossack emigre still is the blank page in the Russian historical studies.

В данной статье представлены общие характеристики процессов изменения современных масс-медиа и телевидения в частности, а также обозначены изменения сценариев потребления информации телезрителями. Отмечено, что это влияет на изменение системы телевизионных жанров, активное использование форматов в телевизионном производстве, появление новых и гибридных жанров и околожанровых форм. Делается вывод о необходимости уточнения жанровых разновидностей в системе телевизионных жанров и предлагается вариант обновления этой системы., This research paper deals main characteristics of designates processes of mass media's changes and of television in particular. Also it is marks changes of consuming schedules of televiewers. This research paper designates that all process influences update of television genres' system, actively use the formats in television production and contributes emergence of new genres, hybrid genres and others. As a result of concluded necessary clarify of genres' varieties in modern television genres' system, and author suggests a version of update of this system.

Представлен ход флористических исследований на территории Хакасии со второй половины XX в., когда начинается новый этап обстоятельного изучения ее растительного покрова, осуществляемого ботаниками учебных (Томский университет, Красноярский педагогический институт, Хакасский университет) и научных (Центральный сибирский ботанический сад сО РАН, заповедник «Хакасский») учреждений сибири. Приведены данные о сроках, маршрутах и пунктах сбора материала, предоставленные исследователями, составленные по гербарным картотекам и публикациям; места хранения гербарного материала; научные труды, опубликованные по результатам исследования флоры Хакасии., The history of vegetation studies in the southern part of Krasnoyarsk Kray (including Khakassia) from 1627 until 1954 was covered by LM Cherepnin. An exhaustive presentation of the material in this work, that has not lost its fundamental importance to this day, conditions the continuation of floristic studies in Khakassia from the second half of the XX century. Literature analysis proved that in the period following the release of the aforementioned LM Cherepnin''s work, such detailed papers that include collectors'' instructions, terms, expedition routes, collection sites and herbarium storage sites were not published. It is practically impossible to obtain information on this issue from summarizing articles, because in such articles Khakassia is poorly described or not described at all. There are a few special works on this topic. The results of Khakassian flora studies were recorded in reports for large territories (Krasnoyarsk kray with its previous borders, Altai-Sayan Region, Siberia), in monographic works on plant genus and in particular articles on floristic findings. The aim of this work is to present the process of floristic studies on the territory of Khakassia starting from the second half of the XX century when a new stage of detailed vegetation studies performed by botanists, postgraduates and students of several Siberian scientific and academic institutions began. The article contains information on terms of studies, routes and material collection sites provided by researchers and elaborated according to herbarium card index and publications, herbarium material storage places and scientific papers published as a result of floristic studies in Khakassia. Significant contribution was made by VV Reverdatto, LM Cherepnin, AV Polozhy, AV Kunimova and IM Krasnoborov who worked in Khakassia for many years in the previous century and established botanical schools in which worked and are still working: AT Maltseva, VI Kurbatsky, NA Nekratova, AL Ebel, II Gureeva, EE Timoshok and etc. in Tomsk State University; VP Sedelnikov, AS Koroleva, DN Shaulo, MA Myadelets, etc. in Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; MI Beglyanova, LI Kashina, VL Cherepnin in Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University. Moscow scientists (VE Skorvtsov, OV Grigoryeva, etc.) also participated in the research. At present, a new generation of scientists, graduates of these schools, is taking an active part in floristic studies in Khakassia, namely, SV Bytotova, AN Nekratova, AA Kuznetsov (Tomsk State University), and Khakassian scientists ES Ankipovich, IA Ankipovich, EG Lagunova, LG Galenkovskaya, OO Lipatkina, EV Sazanakova, etc.

Исследуются возникающие в задачах теплопроводности двумерные граничные интегральные уравнения, операторные ядра которых выражаются через пространственно-временную С 0 -полугруппу. При условии 5Q е C k + 2 доказана устойчивая разрешимость интегральных уравнений в пространствах k раз непрерывно дифференцируемых на границе Sfl векторных функций со значениями в пространствах типа Соболева, определяемых степенями генератора C 0 -полугруппы., In this paper, we study two-dimensional vector boundary Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with an operator kernel expressed in terms of a spatial-temporal C 0 -semigroup. Such two-dimensional integral equations allow one to obtain solutions of vector boundary value problems of the first, second, and third kind for linear differential-operator equations Д 2и = Bu in a planar bounded simply connected domain Q+ or its exterior Q = R 2 \ Q+. The operator coefficient B is a generator of the C 0 -semigroup in space L 2(I Y x I T) (I Y = [0,Y], I T = [0,T]). In turn, these boundary value problems are possible formulations of initial boundary value problems of heat conduction on the time interval I T in a homogeneous cylinder О+ х I Y or х I Y with inhomogeneous boundary conditions of the first, second, and third kind on the lateral surface of the cylinder, zero boundary conditions of the first, second, or third kind (depending on the operator B) on the cylinder bases and zero initial conditions. The main result of this paper is as follows: under condition дО е C k+ 2, the spaces C k(дО, H n B (I Y х I T)) are invariant with respect to direct and inverse operators of the integral equations, and such operators are bounded in these spaces. Here, C k(дО, H n B (I Y х I T)) is the space of vector functions, k times continuously differentiable on the border DO. with values in the Sobolev type space H n B (I Y х I T) defined by powers n + 1 of the operator B.

Понятие «отрицательный отбор» все чаще упоминается в контексте проблем высшего образования. В статье проведен анализ критериев принятия решений межведомственной комиссией в отношении вузов, признанных неэффективными по результатам мониторинга деятельности учреждений высшего образования. Автором обсуждаются теоретические основы систем мониторинга образовательной деятельности. На примере анализа данных о результатах научной деятельности одного из старейших учебных заведений Сибири показана целесообразность использования для этой цели метода DEA., The concept of "adverse selection" is repeatedly mentioned in relation to the problems of higher education. This paper analyzes the results of the monitoring of higher education institutions' activity, conducted annually by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. It was found that universities recognized by the working group of the interdepartmental commission as inefficient had been divided into three groups, namely, universities requiring optimization of activity, universities requiring restructuring of activity, and universities that could not be unanimously classified by the experts. What had criteria had the working group used? Multiple linear regression was calculated to determine those criteria. The calculations showed that the highest degree of association was between the parameter "nature of the decision made" (y) and the indicator "infrastructure". This implied that only "infrastructure" had had decisive influence on the positive conclusion (in favor of optimization, not reorganization) of the interdepartmental commission in relation to higher education institutions that were qualified as inefficient. The degree of association of the parameter "nature of the decision made" and the rest of the parameters was appeared to be rather low or even with a negative value. This largely unexpected result obtained in the course of the analysis enabled us to pose a question on validity of the methods used to assess the performance of universities and decisions based on them. The paper discusses the theoretical basis for systems of monitoring educational activity, viz. the concept of "added value", "the transformational approach". Following the results of the analysis, the author considers the need for a more careful approach not only to the selection of the most effective indicators for assessing the transformational impact of educational process on students but also to the selection of folding techniques for parameters. For this purpose, it is expedient to use Data Envelopment Analysis, which is demonstrated by the example of data analysis of one of the oldest educational institutions of Siberia. This method makes it possible to rank scientific based on the assessment of their performance; to calculate the target values of indicators for assessment for those departments that are recognized as ineffective according to the results of calculations; to outline the actions to be taken on the pathway towards the achievement of results demonstrated by the leaders. This confirms the fact that Data Envelopment Analysis also performs the functions of a tool for benchmarking research.

Статья посвящена инновационной концепции управления современными промышленными предприятиями как экономическими системами интегрированному контроллингу. Представлен методологический подход к формированию научной теории интегрированного контроллинга. Выделены и сформированы классификационные признаки, положенные в основу типологии интегрированного контроллинга. Сформирована структурно-логическая схема типологии интегрированного контроллинга, на основании которой выделены и описаны его основные типы. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в качестве фундаментальной базы исследования развития теории интегрированного контроллинга., This paper considers the formation of the integrated controlling theory as an innovative management concept of the modern economic formations in the industry. The development of the integrated controlling scientific theory necessarily entails the formation of the framework of categories and concepts of the theory, which is designed to express and set out its essence and basic content. This paper defines the concept of "integrated controlling" as a new concept of modern economic systems management in the industry, based on the principles of system integration, interrelation and interdependence of traditional structural elements of controlling. These elements function as a regulated process of interaction of the vertically and horizontally integrated inclusively and temporally functionally separate procedures for planning, accounting, control, analysis and management (coordination) that are focused on goals and priorities of the economic entity development. The problem of typology of integrated controlling is currently of great importance for the economic science, but it is poorly developed. Categorized ideas set forth in the scientific economic literature on the specific differentiation of controlling and its formative features that arise from the specificity of modern integration development stage of the matter under investigation enabled the author to identify the major parameters of the integrated controlling type elements. In consideration of the matters described above, the author developed a typology of the integrated controlling based on the principles of systematics and taxonomy comprising cognitive classification features (formative properties) acting as the components of the controlling concept, which in turn allow to refer the type element of the "integrated controlling" concept to a particular type in the indicated classification controlling system. A typology of the integrated controlling regarded as elements of categorization identifies the following components of the concept of economic systems management in the industry: the management objectives; the functional areas of management; the content of the management process; the measur-ability of the target management parameters; the competency level of management; the level of management automation; the techniques used in the management process; the relations within the economic systems structure; the condition of the management object; the level of activity of the management object; the specificity of the administrative work; the business management environment. This paper suggests the structural and logical framework for the typology of the integrated controlling, which enabled to identify and describe its basic types. The findings can be used as a fundamental base to study the development of the integrated controlling theory.

Приводятся результаты типолого-морфологической классификации и атомно-эмиссионного анализа погребального инвентаря из сплавов на основе меди, происходящего из курганного могильника северо-западного ареала тагарской археологической культуры Некрасово II. Исследование произведено в рамках современного осмысления итогов изучения памятников тагарской археологической культуры, локализованных в Мариинской лесостепи, раскопки которых осуществлялись в 1956-1976 гг. Данные элементного состава некрасовских бронз получили предварительную характеристику в сравнении с синхронным сара-гашенским металлом Среднего Енисея., The paper focuses on the research of the items from the Tagar burial mound Nekrasovo II excavated in 1970 under the supervision of A.I. Martynov. The importance of the research is much determined by the location of the site, towards the northwest zone of the Tagar culture. The excavations of a number of archaeological sites were conducted on the territory of Mariinsky forest-steppe in 1956-1976. They resulted in a wide range of archaeological remains. Due to subjective reasons (loss of archaeological finds and their descriptions, illustrations of poor quality, discrepancy between published and archival data) the finds have been studied insufficiently. Meanwhile, comparison of written records, work with the collection of finds, selection and atomic-emission analysis of metal prove the archaeological finds from the Tagar sites of Mariinsky forest-steppe to be a qualitative source of the material history of the northwest part of the Tagar society. The classification of the grave items from Nekrasovo is made according to the typology suggested by A.V. Subbotin. The types of bronze daggers, stamps, chisels, knives, awls, "mirrors", hemispherical plaques, bone arrowheads, stone and bronze beads excavated at Nekrasovo are defined in the paper. The objects of unknown purpose from Nekrasovo site are regarded as the third type according to the typology by D.G. Savinov. The typological and quantitative characteristics of Nekrasovo grave items allow the author to conclude that the burial mound Nekrasovo II was a "pure" necropolis dated as of the advanced (Saragash) stage of the Tagar archaeological culture (V-III centuries BC). Statistical treatment of the data obtained from the atomic-emission spectrometry of metals reveals six types of copper-based alloys: "pure" copper, arsenic copper or bronze, tin bronze, tin-arsenic bronze, lead-tin bronze, lead-tin-arsenic bronze. The main type of the alloys from Nekrasovo is tin bronze constituting 75% of the items made of it. The data on the metal alloys from one of the sites of the forest-steppe zone of the Tagar culture can be compared with the metal from other South Siberian archaeological sites of V-III centuries BC. In particular, metal collection from Nekrasovo "is inferior" in the amount of tin bronzes to the metal found in the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin and the Middle Yenisei sites dated as of the Saragash stage. Besides that the metal from Nekra-sovo is noted for the low amount of lead alloys. The above mentioned results give additional information about the Tagar nonferrous metallurgy and metal finishing.

Быстрорастущие компании, и в первую очередь компании-«газели», являются точками роста экономики и агентами качественных изменений. Основной целью исследования является выявление инструментов стратегического управления, позволяющих компании сохранить рост в течение длительного времени в IT-секторе российской экономики. Для достижения цели использовались качественные (экспертные интервью, контент-анализ) и количественные (оценка финансовых показателей деятельности компании) методы исследования., This paper is written in the form of a case study research. The object of research is strategic tools of the company "SKB Kontur" as a "gazelle" (or high-growing company), which works in the IT-sector. The paper includes information about indicators used to define the class of "gazelles". High-growing companies are the points of economic growth and qualitative change agents. Their efficiency and effectiveness are shown in all spheres of activity. Companies of this type are distinguished by the exponential growth of the revenue. However, this does not guarantee them the attention and support from the government at the regional level. In the crisis of the Russian economy, high-growing companies base on their previous experience and use a variety of strategic tools, depending on the market features that allow them not only to compete, but also to maintain the growth rate in the long run. The work mainly focuses on the identification of a strategic management tool allowing to maintain a high growth rate in the specific IT-sector of the Russian economy. To achieve the goal, the authors used qualitative (expert interviews, content analysis) and quantitative (measurement of financial performance of the company) methods. This allowed identifying the characteristics of the IT-sector, strategic solutions used by "SKB Kontur" to compete with foreign and Russian companies on rising and falling markets. The IT-sector in the Russian economy has a number of features: the possibility of industry leadership does not depend on the location of the company headquarters, suppliers, consumers, and the size of the start-up capital. The most important condition for success is the availability of quality human resources and access to administrative resources. Implementation of outsourcing projects in other sectors of the economy is also an important trend for the growth of the company. The challenge for the development can be considered as the entry of new players into the market and redistribution of existing markets. Major industry barriers to competition are the specifics of the Russian legislation, the monopolization of access to the client and close contacts with the authorities of state regulation.

Для проведения расчетов в обоснование надежности работы ТВЭЛов необходимо знать как параметры микроструктуры распределяются по объему таблетки. Было предложено использовать штатные методы контроля микроструктуры с последующим пересчетом характеристик в 3D. В данной работе определены требования к исходным данным, описан алгоритм пересчета в 3D, оценены возможные ошибки и пути их минимизации. В статье приведены результаты исследования и пересчета пористости топливных таблеток, изготовленных из различных порошков., In order to verify reliability of fuel assembly exploitation, it''s necessary to know the volumetric distribution of microstructure parameters in 3D. In this paper, we propose to use standard methods of microstructure analysis with further recalculation of characteristics in 3D. This paper represents initial data requirements, algorithm of 3D-conversion, possible errors, and ways of their minimization. Results of the investigation and conversion of porosity of fuel pellets produced from different powders are presented.

Сделана попытка провести анализ российского и зарубежного опыта эффективной организации спортивно-оздоровительной работы в высших учебных заведениях с целью выработки новых подходов к данному направлению деятельности на современном этапе модернизации образовательной системы., The problems of organization of physical culture and sports and recreational activities in the universities of our country acquires a new format in terms of introduction of modern educational standards and changes of requirements that students as consumers of educational services impose. As a social component, university's granting of the opportunity to maintain a healthy lifestyle, to exercise often acts as a competitive advantage when an applicant chooses this or that educational institution. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the most effective domestic and foreign experience in organizing sports and recreational activities in institutions of higher education in order to develop new approaches to the very concept of the activity in the university at the present stage of modernization of the educational system. The course of physical education in higher education involves the following tasks: first is the development of future specialists' high volitional, moral and physical qualities, which should contribute to increased productivity. An equally important task is to strengthen and maintain the health of young people, increase their efficiency in education. With the introduction of FSES 3+ educational standards there is an additional need for the implementation of the theoretical component of the discipline "physical culture" for the non-core areas. In order to identify the positive experience of effective sport and recreation activities we have considered the system of physical education organization in German universities. During the study of the forms of sports and recreation activity organization in German universities, we came to a conclusion that an important element that makes the system efficient is a variety of opportunities to meet the needs of students in physical activity. In this paper we have also analyzed the organization of sports and recreation activities in Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia). Currently, the main form of students' physical activities is the process of physical education. At present, the university has sections and clubs of 30 sports in which more than 1,000 students and staff of TSU are engaged in high-level sports. In order to assess the quality of the organization of sports and recreation activities in the university and its efficiency, a survey was conducted among students. The article highlights the main factors influencing the motivational aspects of sports and recreational activities, which will be taken into account in the design of an innovative concept of university students' physical activity implementation.

На материале тематической группы наименований грибов русского и итальянского языков исследуются вопросы лексической лакунарности и связанные с ней проблемы перевода метафорической лексики. Сопоставительный анализ данных наименований в двух языках позволил выявить лексические лакуны в итальянском языке, причины их существования и способы их заполнения при переводе текстов разных жанров. Исследование выполнено в рамках лингвокультурологии, сопоставительной лексикологии и теории перевода., This article considers the issues related to the lexical lacunarity and to the difficulties in adequate translation of Russian phytonyms. This research revolves around the concept "lacuna" of G.V. Bykova, N.I. Konrad, Yu.A. Sorokin, I.Yu. Markovina, etc., which is based on the connection between language and culture. The subject of this study are metaphors formed by the denominations of mushrooms in the Russian and Italian languages. Particularly, this paper focuses on the phytonyms smorcok (morel), mukhomor (fly agaric), poganka (toadstool) and staryy grib (old mushroom) which develop figurative meanings with negative semantics. The particular interest of the work lies in the choice of the thematic group which has rarely been an object of study itself. The aim of this paper is to investigate the trends in the process of metaphorization of this thematic group, to detect lexical lacunae concerning phytometaphors in the dictionaries, to analyze the types of lacunae and to clarify why such lacunae exist and how to eliminate them. For the research different types of Russian and Italian dictionaries, as well as texts from the Russian National Corpus (RNC) and the results of psycholinguistic experiments, were used. Investigating the given thematic group, we have found out a big difference between the two languages: in Russian mushroom denominations develop metaphorical meanings, while in Italian they do not even bring up figurative association. We have analyzed the variation of the metaphorical semantics of these denominations as registered in dictionaries and realized in texts (RNC) in order to understand how to convey the meaning of the Russian metaphor as fully as possible when there is no Italian equivalent. As a result, we have brought to light that commonly the figurative meaning of the analyzed words has a negative connotation (unpleasant, bad, detestable etc.) and the semantic feature old age is often a "camouflage" in phytometaphors, hiding the speaker''s intentions to interpret negatively any other unpleasant traits of a given person. In the work the possible means to eliminate the lexical lacuna in question are examined. The search for equivalents is realized on the basis of lexicographic sources and original and translated texts. In conclusion, an interlingual lexical lacuna was identified: in the process of metaphorization the theme "mushrooms", relevant as it is in the Russian language, is clearly absent in Italian. This lexical lacuna is more or less successfully covered in Italian thanks to other means, lexical (using descriptive periphrases or synonyms) or morphological (word-formal derivatives with emotional-evaluation formants).

В статье дан анализ противоречий и перспектив становления зеленой экономики в России. Концепция зеленой экономики остается достаточно дискуссионной, но ее идеи принимаются все большим количеством стран и регионов. Подчеркивается, что продвижение идей зеленой экономики в регионах возможно только на инновационной основе. Экоинновации можно купить, получить безвозмездно или разработать и произвести самостоятельно (в зависимости от уровня развития науки и промышленного производства в регионе). Рассматриваются причины замедленного внедрения зеленых сценариев развития в некоторых регионах страны. Приводятся примеры удачных региональных зеленых проектов. Даются рекомендации, относящиеся к реальным шагам по переходу к зеленой экономике., Today the world is witnessing the expansion of the ideas of the green economy. Countries, businesses and consumers choose the best possible scenarios for further development. Russia has experienced a real information boom in the area of green economy. The most developed countries are forced to deviate from the standards of the new economy for various reasons (shale revolution, the high cost of alternative energy). It is recognized that despite the fact that the concept of the green economy remains quite controversial, the number of countries accepting its ideas is ever increasing. The paper analyzes the contradictions and prospects of Russia becoming a green economy. The paper also considers the main causes for slow implementation of green projects in the regions. Among the main reasons are corruption, a powerful lobby of the fuel and energy sector, the lack of financial resources, little attention to the environmental issues, the absence of clear regulation on the part of the state, institutional barriers, the inability of mass-market customer to access many eco-friendly products due to their high cost, et cetera. Russian regions have faced urgent development challenges: minimization of the impact on the environment, strengthening the introduction of ecological innovations, elaboration of the environmentally appropriate infrastructure, and improvement of the living standards of the population. It is emphasized that the promotion of green economy ideas in regions is possible only if based on innovations. Green economy does not require all countries and regions to follow the same pattern. It involves a variety of approaches, depending on the natural conditions, the quality of human assets, opportunities for buying or producing new technologies or receiving them on a complimentary basis. Regions have begun green reorganizations without any directives from the government. The paper illustrates the examples of successful green regional projects and provides recommendations related to making real steps towards green economy. It has been concluded that it is impossible to ensure the creation of high-paid jobs, intensify the innovative development of the economy and, especially, improve the health of residents in large cities without green technologies and solution of social problems.

Представлены особенности усвоения русской беллетристикой 1850-х гг. сюжета романа Ж. Санд «Жак», популярного в России в 1850-е гг. Сюжет романа рассматривается в качестве продуктивной модели, ставшей не только основой для подражания, но и источником создания различных сюжетных модификаций, способных отразить запрос русской общественной и литературной жизни середины века. В центре внимания различные принципы работы беллетристики с заимствованным сюжетом: актуализация «вероятностного» потенциала сюжета пре-текста, изменение «валентных» связей сюжетных ситуаций, приводящее к вариативности сюжетной структуры, сюжетный эффект «подражания подражанию» и др. Процесс ассимиляции сюжета, как показано в исследовании, сопровождался активным сближением западноевропейского «чужого» сюжета с сюжетами русской литературы пушкинско-тургеневского направления. В основе анализа повести Е. Тур, С.В. Энгельгардт, Е.А. Лодыженской, Е. Озерского, Н. Николаенко, М.В. Авдеева и др., The paper presents the features of assimilation of the plot of the novel Jacques by G. Sand by the Russian fiction of the 1850s. The plot of the novel is described as a productive model which is not only the basis for imitation, but also the origin for creation of various plot modifications. The latter can mirror demands of the Russian social and literary life of the middle of the 19th century. The theme of marriage developed in the plot line of the characters of G. Sand's Jacques is topical in the Russian j ournalism and fiction of the 1850s. The novel is productive because its ideological program contains gaps which allow filling them up. The influence of G. Sand's Jacques on the ideas about marriage in the Russian journalism and fiction of the 1850s is mediated by a multitude of literary and critical sources. During this period, magazines publish materials that develop topics connected with women's emancipation. The topic of the author's interest is a particular and peripheral element in this ideological complex. A precedent text, the Russian version of the Western novel, a narrative story Polenka Saks by A.V. Druzhinin influences the reception of the ideas of G. Sand's novel in the 1850s. Fiction writers use ideas that are presented not only in Jacques, but also in Polenka Saks; they borrow the changes the ideological complex underwent in the text-imitation. In this connection, the narrative stories of the 1850s based on the novel by G. Sand are classified as "imitations to an imitation". Fiction writers reproduce the plot "outline" where ideas open in the pre-text. The paper contains a detailed analysis of various principles of the fiction "work" with the Western plot: actualization of the "probabilistic" potential of the plot of the pre-text, modification of the "valency" connections of the plot situations which result in the variability of the plot structure. The role of the novel by G. Sand is not limited by its influence on the topic of marriage in the historical and literary process of the 1850s. It is an impulse to the development of the love theme which is new for the Russian literature. This theme is formed as a result of the transfer of the characterological opposition a weak man a strong woman represented in the novel Jacques. The process of assimilation is accompanied by the affinity of the Western plot with the plots of Russian literature of the Pushkin and Turgenev direction.

Приведены результаты проверки гипотезы о степени взаимосвязи между уровнем конкурентоспособности выпускника вуза и типом его закрепления на рынке. Использована группировка типов трудоустройства по критерию «теснота связи с полученной профессиональной подготовкой». Уровень конкурентоспособности выпускника определяется величинами выгод, получаемых им в результате актуализации сформированного в вузе профессионального потенциала. Исследование зависимости уровня конкурентоспособности от типа занятости основано на эмпирических данных лон-гитюдного наблюдения за реализацией образовательно-карьерных траекторий профессионального становления обучающихся по направлениям подготовки «Экономика труда», «Управление персоналом», «Менеджмент». Выявлены доминантные факторы, по которым фиксируется выигрыш профильного трудоустройства., In this paper the authors propose an approach to evaluating the effectiveness of the graduates' professional capacity implementation based on the benefits arising during their employment. The authors consider the possibility of differentiating the competitive field of graduates based on the amount of advantages obtained in different types of employment. An original grouping of employment types is proposed. This is based on the criterion "degree of relevance to vocational training" and makes it possible to distinguish employment in the specialty area, specialized-returnable, non-specialized with work experience in the specialty area, non-specialized employment. The study is based on empirical data obtained from a longitudinal monitoring of the implementation of educational and career paths of students' professional development in "Labor Economics", "Human Resource Management", and "Management". The collected data is presented in two time sections: primary and actual employment. The competitive position of graduates in the labor market is characterized by many closely related parameters. It is assumed that correlations between them are established by means of the indirect influence of the immeasurable factors of competitiveness. Hierarchical factorial analysis is used to determine them. Conceptual interpretation of the results is also presented in the paper. The major factor at the highest level of the hierarchy is considered "degree of competitiveness". Its values can be obtained as a linear combination of values of the competitiveness factors. A quantitative estimation of a graduate's degree of competitiveness is used to determine the connection with the type of employment. Its importance is confirmed by analysis of variance. The nature and strength of the effect change over time. "Specialized" and "non-specialized employment with experience in the specialty area" types of employment have a greater impact at the beginning of professional development. Refusal to work in the specialty area leads to a significant reduction in performance during professional capacity realization. Graduates who begin working not in their specialty area and later decide to return to it appear to be less competitive. The stereotype that it is important to gain any work experience is not confirmed in the framework of this study. When entering the market, a graduate with "non-specialized" employment demonstrates a significantly lower degree of competitiveness. Thus, employment in the specialty area on average ensures more substantial returns of resources invested in the establishment and realization of professional potential. The analysis of the main factors for the competitiveness of graduates, employed in their specialty area, revealed institutional barriers preventing young professionals from entering the labor market with relevant specialization. From the perspective of the university, it complicates the management of graduates' initial employment.

Исследование вопроса об основаниях права на компенсацию за нарушение права на судопроизводство в разумный срок или права на исполнение судебного акта в разумный срок невозможно без понятий «разумный срок судопроизводства», «разумный срок исполнения судебного акта», «нарушение разумного срока судопроизводства», «нарушение разумного срока исполнения судебного акта». На основе анализа действующего законодательства и судебной практики автор дает определения указанным понятиям., In order to study the grounds for the right to compensation for violation of the right to a fair trial within a reasonable time or the right to execute a judicial act within a reasonable time, the author at first considers such concepts as the reasonable time of a trial, the reasonable time for execution of a judicial act, the failure to meet the reasonable time of a trial, and the failure to meet the reasonable time for execution of a judicial act. Based on the review of the current legislation, the author identifies three grounds for compensation: 1) violation of the right to a fair trial within a reasonable time; 2) violation of the right to execute a judicial act which provides for the recovery of funds from the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation within a reasonable time; 3) failure to meet the reasonable time of pre-trial criminal proceedings. The review of Part 3, Article 6.1 of the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation and the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, as well as Part 3, 3.1, Article 6.1 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, shows that these articles contain the criteria for determining the reasonable time of a trial, including pre-trial proceedings, which also apply to the reasonable time for execution of judicial acts (Part 5, Article 6.1 of the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation and the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation). Therefore, the current procedural legislation contains ambiguous (vague) definitions of the concepts of the reasonable time of a trial and the reasonable time for execution of a judicial act. This paper provides the concepts of the reasonable time of a trial and the reasonable time for execution of a judicial act as defined by different authors in the legal literature. A number of authors think that the time limit of a civil trial is to be three years. The author of this paper challenges this opinion for the following reasons. The judicial practice suggests that in some cases civil trials of shorter than three years may entail a violation of the right to a fair trial within a reasonable time, while civil trials of longer than three years may not. As follows from the practice of the Moscow Regional Court, the reasonable period of a trial is not always limited to three years. In this context, the opinion of some authors that the concept of the reasonable time of a trial is of judgmental nature is recognized as justified, since each civil case is individual and may be prolonged due to unforeseeable circumstances. Based on the foregoing, the author defines the concepts of the reasonable time of a trial and the reasonable time for execution of a judicial act. Relying on the proposed concepts of the reasonable time of a trial and the reasonable time for execution of a judicial act, in connection with provisions of Part 1, Article 1 of the Federal Law No. 68-FZ dated April 30, 2010, Part 3, 5 of Article 6.1, Parts 2, 3, Article 244.1 of the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation and Parts 3, 5, Article 6.1; Parts 2, 3, Article 222.1 of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, the author defines the concepts of the failure to meet the reasonable time of a trial and the failure to meet the reasonable time for execution of a judicial act.

Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований по определению силы лобового сопротивления и коэффициента лобового сопротивления двухлопастного ветродвигателя на основе эффекта Магнуса с гладкими вращающимися цилиндрами в диапазоне скоростей воздушного потока 4-13 м/с (Re = 26800-105000) при постоянном числе вращения цилиндра вокруг собственной оси. Результаты показали, что увеличение числа Рей-нольдса приводит к уменьшению коэффициента лобового сопротивления, так как коэффициент лобового сопротивления прямо пропорционален силе лобового сопротивления, однако обратно пропорционален квадрату скорости., In this paper, we consider aerodynamic characteristics of two rotating cylinders transversely streamlined by an air flow. The paper presents the results of experimental studies on determining the force of drag and drag coefficient of a two-bladed wind turbine based on the Magnus effect with smooth rotating cylinders in the range of air flow velocities from 4 to 13 m/s (Re = 26800105000) at a constant number of the cylinder rotation around its own axis. From the experimental data, the optimum value for the development of wind turbines operating based on the Magnus effect is determined. The results showed that an increase in the Reynolds number leads to a decrease in the drag coefficient since the drag coefficient is proportional to the force of drag but inversely proportional to the square of the speed value. It is shown that the coefficient of drag and the coefficient of lift depend on the Reynolds number and the number of revolutions of the cylinder. Conditions under which the Magnus effect helps to maximize the lifting force and, consequently, to increase the efficiency of the wind turbine are experimentally determined.

Анализируются закрепления в отечественном уголовном законодательстве дореволюционного и советского периодов положений об обстоятельствах, подлежащих учету при назначении уголовного наказания несовершеннолетним. Также анализируется процесс развития указанных положений начиная с абстрактных формулировок об установлении судом при назначении уголовного наказания несовершеннолетним «разумения», содержавшихся в дореволюционном уголовном законе до закрепления в уголовном законодательстве предписаний о необходимости учета личности несовершеннолетних, совершивших преступления, условий их жизни и воспитания. Данные положения имели место как в дореволюционном отечественном законодательстве, так и в законодательстве советского периода., Nowadays, juvenile delinquency is a significant problem for the government and the society. Although some statistics shows a certain reduction of juvenile delinquency, the share of serious violent crimes as well as drug-related crimes in the total number of juvenile delinquency cases is growing. The number of crimes committed by juvenile offenders who have already been subject to criminal proceedings remains persistently high. The purpose of this paper is to identify the legal provisions aimed at taking into consideration the personality of juvenile offenders, their living and educational conditions for sentencing in the Russian criminal law of the pre-revolutionary and Soviet period as well as to analyze the evolution of such provisions. The study is based on the dialectical method of cognition. The content of the legal provisions was studied on the basis of the formal logical methods. The historical method was used for studying the historical development of the laws concerning the circumstances to be taken into consideration for sentencing juvenile offenders. As shown in the paper, the criminal legal science of the pre-revolutionary period differentiated the concepts "responsibility" and "intelligence". With the adoption of the Law dated June 02, 1897 ''On the Changes in Forms and Rules of Legal Proceedings for Criminal Acts of Minors and Juveniles, as well as Legal Provisions Regarding their Punishability" a special legal mechanism was introduced into the law and practice for investigating and taking into account circumstances that encourage juvenile delinquency, level of mental and moral development, and other personal qualities of juvenile offenders. The legal provisions of the Russian pre-revolutionary criminal law concerning the personality, living and educational conditions of juvenile offenders to be taken into consideration for sentencing are found to be reflected in the Soviet regulations in the first years of the Soviet Union. However, in the course of the further development of the criminal legislation, these provisions were neglected. Since the early 1970s, the Supreme Court of the USSR / RSFSR began to pay attention to this problem. Nevertheless, the legal provisions concerning the personality, living and educational conditions of juvenile offenders to be taken into consideration for sentencing have not been adopted.

Рассматривается численное моделирование закрученного ламинарного течения вязкого газа в вихревой камере, которая используется для разделения тонкодисперсных порошков на мелкую и крупную фракции по заданному размеру частиц. Для повышения эффективности процесса фракционного разделения частиц предлагается дополнительно закручивать стенки вихревой камеры, что способствует выравниванию поля окружной скорости и тем самым стабилизирует баланс центробежных и аэродинамических сил, действующих на сепарируемые частицы. При такой постановке задачи существенное влияние оказывает выбор геометрических параметров вихревой камеры. Достоверность результатов и выводов, представленных в работе, основывается на тестовых расчетах, а также на сопоставлении численных решений, полученных в переменных вихрь функция тока окружная составляющая скорости и в переменных скорость давление., In this paper, numerical modeling of the swirling laminar viscous flow in the vortex chamber used for the separation of fine powders into small and large fractions by a given particle size is considered. To enhance the efficiency of particle separation, it is proposed to additionally tighten the walls of the vortex chamber to equalize the circumferential velocity field and thereby to stabilize the balance of centrifugal and aerodynamic forces acting on the separated particles. In this formulation of the problem, the choice of geometrical parameters of the vortex chamber is of great importance. Reliability of the results and conclusions presented in the paper is based on test calculations, as well as on a comparison of the numerical solutions obtained in the vortex stream function circumferential velocity variables and in the speed-pressure variables.

В статье утверждается, что основная причина сопротивления персонала изменениям кроется в трудовых отношениях. При этом сопротивление не всегда является явным и открытым. Довольно часто оно проявляется в форме трудового оппортунизма. Его преодоление, как доказывается в статье, возможно только на основе инсти-туционализации трудовых отношений на предприятиях., The paper deals with a very topical subject, namely overcoming employee resistance to the implementation of innovative organizational and technical changes. One of the points made by the author captures the essence of personnel resistance labor opportunism, which consists of employees using coworkers or the organization in general for their own personal benefit. In this paper the author introduces the definition of labor opportunism. Previously, labor opportunism was only considered in the context of politics and institutional economics. The paper presents evidence-based arguments for using the phenomenon of labor opportunism to explain the causes of personnel resistance during the implementation of changes. As long as institutional economics offers an extensive body of research related to overcoming opportunism in transaction procedures, the author proposes to use institutional approaches to resolve problems caused by labor opportunism. Labor relations are determined as the object, to which the institutional approaches should be applied. The author outlines the methodological foundations for the institutionalization of labor relationships in an organization. The first stage is meant for identifying the established institutions of labor relations. The second stage should be aimed at determining the current labor relations structure in order to clarify which constituents of the institutions are procedural rules (norms) and which are implicit rules. At the third stage, it is recommended to develop a system of measures and provisions for further development as well as designing the standards that can streamline the organization''s labor relations towards creating conditions, favorable for the cooperation of employees with change implementation agents that is to say, standards that would minimize labor opportunism. Obviously, each of the three stages outlined in the proposed method for institutionalizing labor relations should have specific content determined by the structure of the existing institutions and the content of the introduced changes. Thus, it is proposed to institutionalize labor relations in enterprises in order to eradicate labor opportunism during the implementation of innovative changes. During the transition of Russian economy to the principles of an innovation-based economy, addressing such problems is definitely extremely important and relevant.

В статье обосновывается положение о растущей неэффективности институтов развития, ориентированных в РФ на поддержание инвестиционных проектов бизнеса и создание условий устойчивого роста экономики государства и территорий. Обосновывается недостаточность регулирующих воздействий государства при отсутствии согласованной модели развития. Подтверждается необходимость изменения модели взаимодействия государства и бизнеса в рамках стратегических преобразований на среднеи долгосрочный период., The analysis of the conditions necessary for the proper functioning of socio-economic systems includes the principles of assessing the quality of existing and emerging development institutions as an essential foundation. Theoretical-economic research regarding direct and indirect connections between the quality of institutions, investments and the pace of economic development continues to be a topic of discussion both in the Russian Federation and abroad. This body of research is distinguished by the use of data for groups of developing countries with different indicators of key phenomena such as productivity, government spending and corruption in the analysis. This, among other factors, strengthens the relevance of comparisons in institutional development in OECD countries and emerging economies. The author emphasizes the inefficiency of development institutions created in the Russian economy in order to mobilize and provide incentives for private investment, and enable access to financial and informational resources. Their concentration is necessary for innovation-oriented economies. The paper reveals the essence of destructive changes in the technical and social spheres at times of the increasing capacity to produce qualitatively new goods and services in the global economic system. The lack of regulatory impacts of the Russian government in the absence of a coordinated socio-economic development model is proved. The goal of the existing model is to reduce the effect of government participation, which is not compensated for by the introduction of stimulation innovation processes of state economic policy instruments. By using the achievements of global economic thought, including research findings of German neoliberal economists, the author illustrates the spot exogenous interaction of regulators that produces a disincentive effect. The presence of such practices generates an additional effect of non-confidence in government institutions and strengthens investing inertia trends. The horizons for strategic business initiatives are being narrowed, since the risks involved in participating in development projects are increasing. The evaluation of government actions as inconsistent with the requirements of correcting market transactions that involve business structures contributes to the scientific novelty of the paper. The modernization of the research paradigm of technical and socio-economic development processes has practical implications in the process of transferring from solving the problem of market failure compensations to developing the concept of post-industrial state regulation. The paper justifies the need to change the model of government and business participation in the framework of medium-term and long-term strategies. In such a model, the state guarantees the stability of regulations in the long term by minimizing the share of budgetary participation in insurance of business losses. The role of the state is determined by guarantees of the real distribution of financial resources. Business, especially large-scale business, assumes the risks of investments with minimum participation from taxpayers.

Рассматривается топологическое пространство S A, которое является модификацией прямой Зоргенфрея S и определяется следующим образом: если точка x е A с S, то базой окрестностей точки x является семейство полуинтервалов {[a,b): a,b е R,a A гомеоморфно пространству S. Кроме того, получено, что пространство S A гомеоморфно пространству S для любого замкнутого подмножества A с К.. Подобные вопросы рассматривались в работе V.A. Chatyrko, Y. Hattori, где топология «стрелки» на множестве A заменялась на евклидову топологию., In this paper, we consider a topological space S A which is a modification of the Sorgenfrey line S and is defined as follows: if a point x e A с S, then the base of neighborhoods of the point x is a family of intervals {[a, b): a, b e R, a A is homeomorphic to the space S. In addition, it was found that the space S A is homeomorphic to the space S for any closed subset A с К.. Similar problems were considered by V.A. Chatyrko and Y. Hattori in [4], where the "arrow" topology on the set A was replaced by the Euclidean topology. In this paper, we consider two special cases: A is a closed subset of the line in the Euclidean topology and the closure of the set A in the Euclidean topology of the line is countable. The following results were obtained: Let a set A be closed in R. Then the space S A is homeomorphic to the space S. Let a countable set A с К. be such that its closure A is countable relatively to R. Then S A is homeomorphic to S. Let A be a countable closed subset in S. Then S A is homeomorphic to S.