Search

The aim of the work is to determine the concentration of heavy metals migration Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Hg in bidistillated water (bidistillate) from cardboard and paper samples of school notebooks of different manufacturers. The amount of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Hg migrating into bidistilled water from cardboard and paper samples of school notebooks was determined by the method of stripping voltammetry. It is detected that Zn, Pb and Cu migrate from 12 studied samples to bidistilled water, while Cd migrates from 5 samples, and Hg – from ten samples of cardboard and paper of school notebooks. The maximum permissible migration concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, according to TR CU 007/2011, are not exceeded in any studied sample of cardboard and paper school notebooks. The largest total migration of heavy metals was 215.6 mg/kg or 0.379 μg from 1 sheet, and the smallest – 24.54 mg/kg or 0.177 μg from 1 sheet of the cardboard cover of the notebook.

The article examines trends in the global Eurobond market functioning, its dynamics, participation peculiarities in the market of developing countries and emerging markets. The article identifies the factors of the borrowing scale increase and objectives of sovereign and corporate borrowers on the Eurobond market. It is concluded that the main objectives of sovereign borrowers are: increasing of investment appeal and international image and enforcement of investors’ confidence; financing of current and unforeseen budget expenditures; refinancing and debt restructuring; satisfying domestic demand for currency resources. The principal aims of corporate borrowers’ (banks, non-financial institutions) entrance into the Eurobond market include the following: raising long-term debt capital market instruments; diversification of funding sources and investor base; searching for alternatives to traditional sources available on the domestic market; softer set of covenants as compared to bank financing; unsecured financing; crediting cost reduction, etc. The article analyses market dynamics of sovereign and corporate Eurobonds issued by CIS countries, along with features of the debut Eurobond issue of the Republic of Belarus. As a result the article concludes that it is necessary to consider characteristic aspects of the participation of developing countries and emerging markets when preparing for further entran rnational market by Eurobond issue.

The relevance of the research topic stems from the necessity methodological tools for evaluating the innovative activity of an organization, taking into account digital transformations that have a direct impact on the level of costs, time and intensity of innovative transformations in an organization under contemporary business conditions. The goal of this study was to systematize and comparatively analyze of methodological approaches to the assessment of innovation and digital transformations in an organization. It also aimed at the development of methodological tools for assessing the innovation activity of an organization, taking into account the relationship between innovation and digitalization. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods of theoretical knowledge were used, including statistical and logical analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction and generalization, technologies of structural and graphical modeling. The paper substantiates the need to evaluate the innovative activity of an organization, taking into account the level of digital transformation. The systematization of methodological approaches to the assessment of innovative activities of the organization has been carried out, and a conclusion has been made regarding the accessibility and objectivity of the information base and the indicator system proposed by the authors. The interrelation of digital transformations of the organization with its innovative activity is characterized. The systematization of models for evaluating digital transformations of an organization has been carried out, leading to the conclusion that the authors do not pay sufficient attention to the issues of interpenetration of innovations and digital transformations. Based on the results of the study, a methodological toolkit for evaluating the innovation activity of an organization, considering digital transformations, was developed. This toolkit is based on the stages of the organization's innovative activity and the relationship between innovation and digital transformations.

The method of inversion voltammetry determined the amount of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Hg, migrating to bidistilled water from publishing products for children. It is established that Zn, Pb and Сu stand out from all studied samples. Cadmium and mercury were not found in the extracts of two of the nine samples of paper studied. The contents of zinc and lead do not exceed the requirements of technical normative legal acts. The total migration of heavy metals from samples of the studied paper publishing products for children does not exceed 158,39 mg/kg, 0,730 mg/cm2 and 0,37 mg/dm3.

The water and vapor permeability index is one of the determinants of the level of comfort of clothing materials. The paper presents the results of investigation of water and vapor permeability of waterproofing membrane materials when changing the difference of partial pressures of water and vapor from both sides of the tested sample. In order to realize the purpose of the research, the structure of the materials was examined by scanning electron microscopy and their water and vapor permeability was examined by the Taylor's method. It was shown that among the studied objects, membrane materials with a hydrophobic porous membrane change their vapor permeability when the pressure gradient changes according to a power or exponential law, depending on the type of the porous structure, while materials with a hydrophilic non-porous membrane change their vapor permeability according to the logarithmic law. On the basis of the conducted research it is recommended to use materials with a mesh membrane structure for manufacturing waterproof clothes for sports and recreation activites. In clothes made of materials containing a hydrophobic porous membrane of a sponge structure it is necessary to provide ventilation holes in addition. Materials with a monolithic hydrophilic membrane can be used for making windbreakers and raincoats that are used in cool rainy weather by low activity wearers. Объектом исследования являются мембранные текстильные материалы различных структур. Правильный выбор структуры материала для конфекционирования оптимального пакета одежды является практически трудно решаемой задачей в связи с малой изученностью свойств мембранных материалов и отсутствием четких рекомендаций по области их применения. Предметом исследования является водопаропроницаемость мембранных текстильных материалов как характеристика уровня комфортности одежды из них. Цель работы – определение зависимости водопаропроницаемости мембранных материалов различных структур от условий испытаний для формирования рекомендаций по области их применения. В процессе работы выполнено исследование структуры (метод сканирующей электронной микроскопии) и водопаропроницаемости (метод Тейлора) материалов, проанализированы результаты и разработаны рекомендации по применению материалов, содержащих мембраны различных структур. Результат работы – выявлено, что водопаропроницаемость мембранных материалов, имеющих гидрофобную пористую мембрану, при изменении разности давлений изменяется по степенному или по экспоненциальному закону, а материалов с гидрофильной непористой мембраной – по логарифмическому закону. Рекомендовано материалы с мембраной сетчатой структуры применять для изготовления водозащитной одежды для спорта и активного отдыха, так как они способны поддерживать высокий уровень комфорта носчика даже при быстром изменении его активности. В одежде из материалов, содержащих гидрофобную пористую мембрану губчатой структуры для достижения комфорта носчика необходимо предусматривать вентиляционные отверстия. Материалы с монолитной гидрофильной мембраной можно использовать для изготовления бытовых ветровок, плащей, штормовок, дождевиков. При этом зона комфорта для носки подобных материалов смещена в область низких значений разности парциальных давлений, которая характерна для прохладной и влажной погоды и низкой активности носчика. Область применения результатов – швейная промышленность.

The subject of the study is the resistance of special shoes with genuine leather uppers to aggressive environments. The paper studies the effect of alkali and acid on the structure and strength properties of shoes with genuine leather uppers used in the chemical industry. The study was carried out using existing methods that differ in conditions and test modes. The level of influence of aggressive environments and test conditions on the material of the uppers of special footwear was determined. A microscopic method was used to study changes in the structure of skins after exposure to aggressive media. This study is of practical importance for shoe enterprises in the formation of the quality of special footwear at the pre-production stage and procedures for mandatory confirmation of compliance with the requirements of technical regulatory legal acts. Предметом исследования является устойчивость специальной обуви с верхом из натуральной кожи к воздействию агрессивных сред. В работе проведены исследования влияния щелочи и кислоты на структуру и прочностные свойства обуви с верхом из натуральной кожи, эксплуатируемой на предприятиях химической отрасли. Исследования проводились с применением действующих методик, отличающихся условиями и режимами испытаний. Установлена степень влияния агрессивных сред и условий испытаний на материал верха специальной обуви. Применен микроскопический метод для исследования изменений структуры кож после воздействия агрессивных сред. Данные исследования имеют практическую значимость для предприятий обувной отрасли при формировании качества специальной обуви на предпроизводственной стадии и процедур обязательного подтверждения соответствия требованиям технических нормативных правовых актов.

The efficiency of the functioning of the securities market is largely determined by the level of development and functional characteristics of its infrastructure. The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for improving the infrastructure of the securities market of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of clarifying the essence and determining its elements, analyzing the current state and determining the needs of the market. The article contains definitions and characteristics of the basic elements of the securities market infrastructure such as trading, depositary, settlement and clearing systems, market information support systems, as well as the institution of professional participants in the securities market represented by brokers, dealers and trustees. The paper presents a brief overview of the volume indicators of the securities market of Belarus, presents the results of a comparison of the composition of the basic infrastructure elements of the securities market of Belarus and the EAEU countries. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions were drawn about the ability of the existing infrastructure to provide technical and informational interaction of its participants, recommendations were formulated for improving the domestic securities market and its infrastructure. Эффективность функционирования рынка ценных бумаг во многом определяется уровнем развития и функциональными характеристиками его инфраструктуры. Цель работы состоит в разработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию инфраструктуры рынка ценных бумаг Республики Беларусь на основе уточнения сущности и определения ее элементов, анализа их текущего состояния и выявления соответствия потребностям рынка. Статья содержит определения и характеристику базовых элементов инфраструктуры рынка ценных бумаг – торговой, депозитарной, расчетно-клиринговой систем, системы информационного обеспечения рынка, а также института профессиональных участни- ков рынка ценных бумаг в лице брокеров, дилеров и доверительных управляющих. В работе представлен краткий обзор объемных показателей рынка ценных бумаг Республики Беларусь, приведены результаты сравнения состава базовых инфраструктурных элементов рынка ценных бумаг Беларуси и стран ЕАЭС. По результатам анализа сделаны выводы о способности существующей инфраструктуры обеспечить техническое и информационное взаимодействие его участников, сформулированы рекомендации по совершенствованию отечественного рынка ценных бумаг и его инфраструктуры.

To date, there are no objective methods for evaluating the feel of cloth, with which it would be possible to quantify the effect after softening. However, most researchers argue that for an objective assessment of the feel of cloth after the textile softening finishing, it is possible to use the index of the tangential resistance coefficient. Methods for determining the coefficient of tangential resistance are varied. In this paper, we considered the method of horizontal and inclined plane. The purpose of this work is to determine the rational parameters for measuring the tangential resistance coefficient by the horizontal plane method, namely, the choice of the optimal number of tests, the study of the influence of the contact area, the speed of the carrier plane on the tangential resistance coefficient of textile fabrics, and also to compare two methods for determining the tangential resistance coefficient using the horizontal plane method on the FPT-F1 device and by the inclined plane method. The study found that for the reliability of the results it is necessary to measure the tangential resistance coefficient at least 13 times, taking into account the last three values. The dependence of the coefficient of tangential resistance on the contact area and the speed of movement of the carrier plane is established. It is concluded that for woven fabrics it is recommended to use a block with a size of 65x120 mm. It has been experimentally established that in order to increase the sensitivity of the horizontal plane method when determining the coefficient of tangential resistance of woven fabrics, it is recommended to set the speed to 150–200 mm/min. The results of comparing the two methods showed that the tangential resistance coefficient is not a constant value and depends on the method used. На сегодняшний день отсутствуют объективные методы оценки туше текстильных полотен, с помощью которых можно было бы количественно оценить эффект после умягчения. Однако большинство исследователей утверждает, что для объективной оценки туше текстильных полотен после заключительной умягчающей отделки возможно использовать показатель коэффициента тангенциального сопротивления. Методы определения коэффициента тангенциального сопротивления разнообразны. В данной работе рассмотрен метод горизонтальной и наклонной плоскости. Целью данной работы является определение рациональных параметров измерения коэффициента тангенциального сопротивления методом горизонтальной плоскости, а именно выбор оптимального количества испытаний, исследование влияния площади контакта, скорости движения несущей плоскости на коэффициент тангенциального сопротивления текстильных полотен, а также проведение сравнения двух методик определения коэффициента тангенциального сопротивления методом горизонталь- ной плоскости на приборе FPT-F1 и методом наклонной плоскости. В ходе исследования установлено, что для достоверности результатов необходимо проводить измерение коэффициента тангенциального сопротивления не менее 13 раз, принимая во внимание последние три значения. Установлена зависимость коэффициента тангенциального сопротивления от площади контакта и скорости перемещения несущей плоскости. Сделан вывод, что для тканых полотен рекомендуется использовать колодку размером 65х120 мм. Опытным путем установлено, что для повышения чувствительности метода горизонтальной плоскости при определении коэффициента тангенциального сопротивления тканых полотен рекомендуется устанавливать скорость 150–200 мм/мин. Результаты срав- нения двух методов показали, что коэффициент тангенциального сопротивления – величина не постоянная и зависит от применяемого метода.

The paper considers the influence of membrane layer thickness, its sorption and mass transfer properties on the vapor permeability of membrane textile materials for waterproof clothing. Two-layer textile materials containing a textile woven layer and a membrane microporous sponge layer made of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and combined polymers are investigated. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy are presented characteristic of each of the groups of samples under consideration. It was revealed that despite the external similarity of the microscope observed structures of the samples grouped according to the principle of membrane hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, the materials are characterized by different mass conductivity coefficients. The authors of the article confirmed that the membrane mass conductivity coefficient is a value that simultaneously takes into account both the ability to be wetted by water and the properties of the porous structure of the polymer membrane. The membrane mass conductivity coefficient linearly correlates with the water permeability of the complex material. Объектом исследования являются комплексные двухслойные материалы, содержащие тек- стильный тканый слой и мембранный микро- пористый губчатый слой, имеющие различное соотношение толщин входящих в композит слоев и различные характеристики сорбционных и массообменных свойств полимера мембраны. Предметом исследования является уровень водопаропроницаемости мембранных текстильных материалов. Цель работы – выявление закономерности изменения водопаропроницаемости мембранных текстильных материалов при изменении толщины и коэффициента массопроводности входящих в их состав мембран для прогнозирования и создания комфортных условий функционирования человека в одежде. В процессе работы выполнено исследование структуры и физико-механических свойств комплексных двухслойных материалов. Проведены исследования морфологии, толщины, коэффициента водопаропроницаемости мембранных материалов, а также толщины и коэффициента массопроводности мембран, входящих в их состав. Результаты исследований сопоставляли между собой. Результат работы – выявлено, что наибольшее влияние на показатель водопаропроницаемости материала оказывают коэффициент массопроводности мембраны и отношение коэффициента массопроводности мембраны к общей толщине комплексного материала. Установлено, что независимо от сорбционных свойств полимера мембраны и структуры текстильного слоя доля толщины мембраны в общей толщине композита в паре с коэффициентом массопроводности мембраны определяют способность комплексного мембранного водонепроницаемого материала пропускать через себя пары воды. Область применения результатов – текстильная и швейная промышленность.

The paper solves the problems of creating a technology for producing costume jacquard fabrics using a mixed harness ties of arched cords into a kossein board, designed to produce tablecloth cloths with a border pattern on the OptiMax-4 loom of the Picanol company with a Bonas jacquard machine in the conditions of the Orsha Flax Processing Plant. The rational dimensions of the pattern rapport on the basis, the compositional features of the pattern, the types of patterns of interlacing are determined, allowing to exclude the presence of spoilage at the junction of the reverse and ordinary harness ties. Recommendations have been developed for adjusting the number of warp threads in the filling of the loom. As a result of the work done, costume fabrics were created on the basis of technology including filling of a loom for the production of jacquard tablecloths with a border pattern, the types and methods of constructing weaves were determined, allowing to obtain fabrics of high artistic and coloristic design and quality. Статья посвящена расширению ассортимента костюмных льняных тканей в условиях РУПТП «Оршанский льнокомбинат». В работе решены задачи по созданию технологии получения костюмных жаккардовых тканей с использованием смешанной проборки аркатных шнуров в кассейную доску, предназначенной для выработки скатертных полотен с каймовым рисунком на ткацком станке с гибкими рапирами OptiMax-4 фирмы Picanol и жаккардовой машиной Bonas. Определены рациональные размеры раппорта узора по основе, композиционные особенности рисунка, виды рисунков переплетений, позволяющие исключить наличие брака на стыке обрат- ной и рядовой проборок. Разработаны рекомендации по корректировке числа нитей основы в заправке ткацкого станка. В результате про- деланной работы созданы костюмные ткани на базе технологии, включающей заправку ткацкого станка для выработки жаккардовых скатертных полотен с каймовым рисунком, определены виды и методика построения переплетений, позволяющие получать ткани высокого художественно-колористического оформления и качества.

The paper, discusses one of the important problems associated with environmental pollution due to the entrainment of liquid droplets from the mass transfer apparatus together with chemically hazardous elements. Experimental studies have been carried out and graphical dependences of the change in the value of the relative spray loss on the gas flow rate and irrigation density for three types of zigzag regularly-structured packing have been obtained. The influence of the dimensions of the triangular cell of the packings and the separation space on the size of the spray loss is described, and the most effective variant of their installation in the mass transfer apparatus is determined. A technique for calculating unknown coefficients of the empirical regression equation is presented. Equations for determining the relative spray loss are obtained. The relative error has been calculated. Recommendations are given on the operation of packed mass transfer apparatus at maximum fictitious speeds. В данной работе рассмотрена одна из важных проблем, связанная с загрязнением окружающей среды, вследствие уноса капель жидкости из массообменного аппарата вместе с химически опасными элементами. Проведены экспериментальные исследования и получены графические зависимости изменения величины относительного брызгоуноса от скорости газового потока и плотности орошения для трех видов зигзагообразной регулярно-структурированной насадки. Описано влияние размеров треугольной ячейки насадок и сепарационного пространства на величину брызгоуноса, а также определен наиболее эффективный вариант установки их в массообменный аппарат. Представлена методика для вычисления неизвестных коэффициентов эмпирического уравнения регрессии. Получены уравнения для определения относительного брызгоуноса. Расчитана относительная погрешность. Даны рекомендации по работе насадочных массообменных аппаратов при максимально- фиктивных скоростях.

The subject of the study is the legal requirements and safety indicators of children's shoes. The paper analyzes the technical legal standard that regulates the quality of children's shoes in terms of safety. The provisions of the normative documentation that require correction are indicated. The importance of assessing the frictional properties is noted. A method for studying frictional properties adapted to assessing the quality of soles is proposed. The research has been carried out on soles for children's shoes made of polymeric materials with different structures and with different characteristics in the nature of the running surface on floor coverings (laminate, linoleum, ceramic floor tiles). The indicators of the friction coefficients of the given samples are determined. The recommendations on the applicability of soles are given. The necessity of using method of testing the friction properties of shoes and gradations of friction coefficients for the purpose of evaluating the quality of children's shoes are shown. Research data are of practical significance for footwear industry enterprises providing the quality of manufactured shoes at the pre-production stage. Предметом исследования являются требования и показатели безопасности детской обуви. В работе проведен анализ технической норматив- ной правовой базы, регламентирующей качество детской обуви по показателям безопасности. Указаны положения нормативной документации, требующие корректировки. Отмечена важность оценки фрикционных свойств. Предложен адаптированный к оценке качества подошв метод исследования фрикционных свойств. Проведены исследования подошв для детской обуви, изготовленных из разных по структуре полимерных материалов и отличающихся характером ходо- вой поверхности, на напольных покрытиях (ламинат, линолеум, напольная керамическая плитка). Установлены значения коэффициентов трения исследуемых образцов, даны рекомендации о применимости подошв. Показана целесообразность использования метода испытания фрикционных свойств обуви и градаций значений коэффициентов трения для целей оценки качества детской обуви. Данные исследования имеют практическую значимость для предприятий обувной отрасли при формировании качества выпускаемой обуви на предпроизводственной стадии.

The aim of the paper was to research the influence of the content of polyvinyl alcohol Arkofil PPL (Archroma, Switzerland) in the electrospinning solution on the structure of nanofibrous material for medical and cosmetic purposes. As a result of an experimental study it was found that with an increase in the PVA content from 10 to 14 % the viscosity of the spinning solution increases 5 times and significantly exceeds the recommended values. Surface tension and specific volumetric electrical conductivity are almost independent on the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol and correspond to the recommended values. Experimental production of samples of nanofiber coatings and analysis of electronic images of their structure have proved that the material formed from a solution containing 14 % PVA does not contain visible defects and has a uniform distribution of nanofibers over the diameter. This indicates the advisability of using it as a fiber-forming composition for obtaining materials by the method of electrospinning. Целью работы явилось изучение влияния содержания ПВС марки Arkofil PPL (Archroma, Швейцария) в формовочном растворе и его физико-химических свойств на структуру нано- волокнистого материала медицинского, косметологического назначения. В результате экспериментального исследования установлено, что с увеличением содержания ПВС от 10 до 14 % вязкость формовочного раствора возрастает в 5 раз и значительно превышает рекомендуемые значения. Поверхностное натяжение и удельная объемная электропроводность практически не зависят от концентрации поливинилового спирта и соответствуют рекомендуемым значениям. Опытно-экспериментальная наработка образцов нановолокнистых покрытий и анализ электронных снимков их структуры доказали, что материал, сформированный из раствора со- держащего 14 % ПВС, не содержит видимых дефектов и имеет равномерное распределение нановолокон по диаметру, что свидетельствует о целесообразности его использования в качестве волокнообразующего состава для получения материалов методом электроформования.

The paper considers the essence of the category "efficiency" and signs of its classification. The study revealed the following: there is still no consensus on the classification of effectiveness; authors highlight various classification features to determine the same types of efficiency; there are types of efficiency that are mentioned by only one author; the same signs can give a classification of different types of efficiency. The basic classification criterion is highlighted, on the basis of which the types of efficiency and indicators of their assessment are determined. A comprehensive methodological approach to the calculation of the integral efficiency indicator is proposed. The proposed approach was tested on the example of a separate organization in the Republic of Belarus. Объектом исследования в данной работе является классификация эффективности деятельности коммерческой организации. Предмет исследования: эффективность деятельности коммерческой организации. Целью исследования являлось изучение классификации эффективности деятельности организации, классификационных признаков и видов, а также разработка собственной классификации эффективности, выделение базового классификационного признака, на основе которого определены ее виды, показатели и интегральный показатель эффективности. Разработана методика интегральной оценки эффективности деятельности организации и определены критерии его интерпретации. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в практической деятельности коммерческих организаций нашей страны. Использование разработанного подхода дает возможность проведения ее экспресс-оценки и разработку рекомендаций на ее основе по повышению эффективности.

The paper substantiates the need for analysis and evaluation of the performance of a commercial organization. Based on an integrated approach, a methodology for analyzing and evaluating the performance of a commercial organization was developed, including: assessing and analyzing the dynamics of individual indicators characterizing the result of current, financial and investment activities, as well as their dynamic dependencies; assessment of the prevalence of intensive and extensive factors in the dynamics of the relevant results of the organization; identification of compliance with established normative dynamic relationships between indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the organization and its resources; assessment and analysis of the dynamics of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the studied activities of the organization; assessment and analysis of the influence of factors on the dynamics of the effectiveness of the organization. As a result of testing the methodology in organizations of the Vitebsk region engaged in the production of textiles, food products, computer equipment, the key problems of performance have been identified. В работе обоснована необходимость анализа и оценки результативности деятельности коммерческой организации. На основе комплексного подхода разработана методика анализа и оценки результативности деятельности коммерческой организации, включающая: оценку и анализ динамики отдельных показателей, характеризующих результат от текущей, финансовой и инвестиционной деятельности, так и их динамические зависимости; оценку преобладания интенсивных и экстенсивных факторов в динамике соответствующих результатов деятельности организации; выявление соблюдения установленных нормативных динамических зависимостей между показателями, характеризующими результативность деятельности организации и ее ресурсами; оценку и анализ динамики показателей, характеризующих результативность исследуемых видов деятельности организации; оценку и анализ влияния факторов на динамику результативности деятельности организации. В результате апробации методики в организациях Витебской области, занимающихся производством текстильных изделий, продуктов питания, вычислительной аппаратуры, определены ключевые проблемы результативности деятельности.

One of the most important performance indicators of flexible adhesives is the peeling force from the rigid substrate. The most common method for determining this parameter is the method of uneven peeling of flexible material from a rigid plate at an angle of 90о. Devices used today to determine this parameter do not provide high accuracy of measuring the peeling force due to design features. In this paper, a method for determining the exfoliation force of flexible material from a rigid plate with self-regulating maintenance of the exfoliation angle equal to 90о is theoretically justified and experimentally confirmed. As a result of experimental studies using a medical patch, it was found that the developed device allows clearly recording and measuring with high accuracy the exfoliation force of flexible material from a rigid plate with self-regulating maintenance of the exfoliation angle equal to 90±3о. Одним из важнейших эксплуатационных показателей гибких клеящих материалов является усилие отслаивания от жесткой подложки. Наиболее распространенным методом определения этого параметра является метод неравномерного отслаивания гибкого материала от жесткой пластины под углом 90о. Применяемые на сегодня устройства для определения этого параметра в силу конструктивных особенностей не обеспечивают высокую точность измерения усилия отслаивания. В данной работе теоретически обоснован и экспериментально подтвержден способ определения усилия отслаивания гибкого материала от жесткой пластины с саморегулируемым поддержанием угла отслаивания, равным 90о. В результате проведенных экспериментальных исследований с использованием медицинского пластыря установлено, что разработанное устройство позволяет четко фиксировать и измерять с высокой точностью усилие отслаивания гибкого материала от жесткой пластины с саморегулирующим поддержанием угла отслаивания, равным 90±3о.

The paper is devoted to the development of a program for automating of the 3D scanning results processing of draped fabrics samples in order to assess their drapeability. Programming language Python is chosen to develop the program DrapeCalculator. The developed program allows obtaining coefficients of regression models describing the surface of draped samples shape and the profiles of their individual cross-sections, as well as the values of drape indicators. Testing the program showed that the results of calculations made using the developed program differ slightly from the results obtained with the manual method of data preparation in the case of averaging 3Dscanning data of three samples of draped fabrics. The use of the program DrapeCalculator allows to reduce the time required to process the results of 3D scanning by more than 40 times. Цель работы – разработка программы для автоматизации процессов обработки результатов 3D-сканирования проб драпированной ткани с целью оценки их драпируемости. Для создания программы DrapeCalculator выбран язык программирования Python. Разработанная программа позволяет получать коэффициенты регрессионных моделей, описывающих форму поверхности драпированных проб и профилей отдельных их сечений, а также значения показателей драпируемости. Апробация программы показала, что результаты расчетов, произведенных с использованием разработанной программы, отличаются незначительно от результатов, получаемых при ручном способе подготовки данных, в случае усреднения данных 3D-сканирования трех проб драпированных тканей. Применение программы DrapeCalculator позволяет снизить затраты времени на обработку результатов 3D-сканирования более чем в 40 раз.

In this paper, the authors presented the results of the study of the convective drying kinetics of various types of natural leather in a free state using heated air when changing the regime parameters of drying in a wide range. The results of processing experimental data using stable generalized variables for the drying process are presented. The article provides approximate experimental equations for determining the duration of drying, the density of heat fluxes, the intensity of evaporation of moisture, the temperature in the period of the falling drying rate. Also, the authors detected a relationship between the complex variables of the drying process. The proposed method for calculating the kinetics of drying of leathers allows one to determine with sufficient accuracy all the main kinetic characteristics of the drying process. For the purpose of the analysis, the validity of the obtained equations was verified and the experimental and calculated values of the parameters were compared using the obtained equations.

The process of woven-knitted textile material production is a subject of the investigation. The results of the experimental investigations conducted in the production conditions in the Mogotex OJSC (Mogilev) during the production of the woven-knitted material of the article 10s2 are presented in the paper. The material samples with different tension of the weft yarns were obtained on the machine Metap 160. The physical-mechanical properties and other characteristics were defined in the standard procedure, the consumption of the weft yarns in the weaving was defined. The dependence of these parameters from the tension of weft yarns was defined. It is shown that there is a possibility to vary the weft yarns tension in certain limits to reduce their consumption during the process of weaving.

Such a form of housing stock management as an owners’ association is now distributed in the Republic of Belarus. The effectiveness of the activities of the owners' associations attracts the increased attention of various users. At the same time, economic science and practice does not have a systemic integrated approach to assessing the effectiveness of functioning these organizational and legal forms of organizations. The aim of the study was to develop an integrated methodology for assessing the effectiveness of owners’ associations from the point of view of all stakeholders – state, population and directly the association itself as an institutional unit of the national economy. In this paper, the authors proposed an integrated assessment to assessing the effectiveness of activities of owners’ associations, in which frameworks such concepts as "economic effectiveness", "social efficiency", "budget efficiency". From the point of view of economic effectiveness, the activities of the owners’ associations will be effective if the maintenance costs are fully reimbursed by the revenues received. Consequently, the economic effectiveness for owners’ associations is the ratio of the income received and expenses related to the maintenance of an apartment house. On the other hand, the owners’ associations are called upon to meet the needs of the population to the greatest extent. Social efficiency is defined as the correspondence of the results of the economic activities of the owners’ associations to the basic social needs and goals of society, to the interests of the individual. Taking into account that the owners’ associations receive budget subsidies as a reimbursement of part of the maintenance and housing maintenance costs, one can not ignore the budgetary component of the evaluation of the effectiveness of their activities, which can be defined as an indicator of the budget burden as a result of the participation of budget subsidies in the formation of the income of the owners’ associations. The developed indicators on all aspects of the effectiveness assessment make it possible to comprehensively analyze the activity of the owners' associations and determine the reserves for improving the efficiency of the functioning of such organizations. For the generalized estimation of efficiency, an integral coefficient is developed and variants of its interpretation are proposed under different conditions.

The aim of the paper is to determine of possibility of draped fabrics mathematical model obtaining on the base of 3D-scanning results. The subject of the investigation was linen fabric treated by silicone softening agent. During the research this fabric was scanned with obtaining array of data for further statistical processing. Type of the mathematical model was selected for describing of draped fabric cross-section contour on the different distances from supporting disc with high precision. Summarizing the obtained results a mathematical model of the surface of draped fabrics was obtained with coefficients which depend on their composition and structure.

The paper describes the criteria of assessment the environmental risk of oil products con-taminate not only for individual water bodies, but also for individual territories, including admin-istrative region and areas where data will be used to compare the environmental load. The aim of the work is to assess the environmental risk of pollution of water bodies in the Vitebsk region with oil products. The catchment areas of the Western Dvina River in the Polotsk and Braslav districts were chosen as a research object. In the developed model, the calculation is made according to four blocks of factors: a block of technogenic factors, a block of natural factors, a block of anthropogenic factors, and a block of factors that depend on the time of the year. A total of 20 criteria have been developed, divided into four blocks of factors.

The paper presents an analysis of the main regularities of the process of cutting textile waste as elastic-plastic materials. It is established that by varying the technological parameters of the cutting tool: the number of blades, the diameter of the rotor mandrel, the thickness of the rotor body, the height and length of the knives, the angle of their inclination, and the size of the cells of the screening screen, the pulp achieves a uniform consistency and the particle size is reduced to the required value. Calculated analytical expressions and mathematical models are obtained to determine the parameters of grinding elastoplastic materials from the position of particle size in the total fiber mass.

The paper discusses developed of theoretical model of deformation of the fibers, depending on the values of axial force and the twist angle of the yarn. To describe the development of plastic fibers deformation zone it is proposed to use the Prandtl scheme, according to which the connection between the fiber strain and axial stress is represented by two straight lines (bilinear diagram). The condition of axial strain is found when all fibers in the yarn are in a state of plastic deformation. In the absence of hardening the tension in the plastic zone for the twist angle between some values may decrease up to 1.5–3 times. Thus, with the presence in the yarn fibers deformable by elastically plastic according Prandtl law scheme, the yarn may form a core layer of fibers with irreversible deformations

In this paper the authors analyzed the engineering computer-aided design systems. They investigated problems of the basing theory, formalization of basing and devices layout design, and provision of conditions for units and parts assemblability. Currently available software for creating interactive virtual assembly is analyzed. The urgency and the objective are justified. It will result in the development of algorithmic, methodical software for interactive virtual manual on metal cutting machines manufacture and repair (on the basis of JSC «Vistan»). Decision support systems for repair process will solve the problem of false-based elements during the assembly, accelerate the process of adaptation of assembly workers to a new type of assembled equipment, and simplify assembly and maintenance processes, which will reduce the amount of time and the probability of error for the assembly personnel.

For the past decades international production, trade and investments have been increasingly organized within global value chains (GVCs), where different stages of production process are allocated across different countries. Comprehension of global value chains is important for understanding trade and globalization processes in the world and for defining policies that will help countries increase their benefits from international trade. This paper analyses the role of services in international trade through the lens of global value chains (GVCs). Services account for more than 70 % of world GDP but only for around 20 % of world trade in balance of payments terms. In value added terms, accounting for services embodied in exported goods, services account for 40 % of world trade.

The article presents the research results obtained in the framework of research work «Prevention of youth unemployment in the border regions of Latvia and Belarus in conditions of economic recovery», conducted by the specialists of Vitebsk State Technological University (Republic of Belarus) with the financial support of the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research. The paper assesses the condition of youth labor market of the Republic of Belarus in Vitebsk region based on statistical data. In particular, the authors conducted a demographic measurement of demand on regional youth labor market; estimated the volume of youth employment resources, the level of economic activity of young people; the level of dynamics and structure of youth employment; conducted of level, structure and dynamics of youth unemployment in the region. It revealed the development trends of the youth labor market and determine the direction of its regulation.

The object of study in this paper is a system of financial relationships in the conditions of formation of the modern model of the national sport. Subject of research: financial sustainability of the activities of sports clubs and organizations in Belarus. The purpose and objectives of the study. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for calculating the aggregate indicator of the financial stability of a sports organization in the Republic of Belarus. The method of calculating the aggregate financial stability of a sports organization in view of the specifics of the industry, which allows the current change control financial sustainability of sport organizations. The results of the study can be used in the practice of specialists and managers of sports clubs and organizations of the Republic of Belarus, the educational process of universities.

The paper summarizes the results of the researche of sections of sewing articles from different fabrics at the level of waist line in the system «model-clothes» by a photometric method for the determination of influence of properties of fabrics on the parameters of formation of volume-silhouette form of clothes. Experimentally, according to the standardized methods, the main physical and mechanical characteristics of fabrics of the suiting group were identified. The models of women’s jackets of direct silhouette are made from these fabrics. The analysis of sizes of air-gaps in the different areas of horizontal section of the system «model-clothes» at the level of waist line is executed, and the percent distributing of increase on waist line between the areas of shelf, armhole and back of women`s shoulder clothing of direct silhouette is defined. Character of distributing of increase at the level of waist line in the articles of direct silhouette depending on physical and mechanical characteristics of fabrics of suit group is determined and recommendation in relation to the percent distributing of increase on the waist line is given. It can be used for visualization of sewing articles in the 3D CAD programs.

The subject of research is the process of paying off the warp threads from the beam and ensuring the tension stability on the looms by means of friction warp regulators. The characteristics of the parameters that change during the paying off the warp threads from the beam and affect the static tension of the warp threads are shown in the paper. The purpose of work is the analysis of the effect of parameters changing on the changing of the thread tension during the paying off the whole warp from the beam. The calculations of the static tension of the warp threads by the different parameters in the conditions of fabric production with different density in weft allow to estimate the influence of the parameters on the stability of yarn tension. Results of work can be used to determine the optimal adjustment parameters for each specific configuration of the loom in order to reduce unevenness of the warp threads tension, increase productivity and improve the quality of the fabric.

The paper studies the necessity of forming a complex organizational and economic mechanism of social efficiency of employment in Belarusian companies. Social effectiveness is a result or a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators to improve the working conditions of employees, which will increase the working capacity and best using of the human capital of the organization and form on this basis economic, social competitive advantages in the short and long term. It was proved that the presuppositions and factors shaping the organizational-economic mechanism of social efficiency in modern conditions of employment are: formation of an economy based on knowledge, innovative economy when human capital becomes the main competitive advantage, social responsibility of organizations as well as special economic development of the Republic of Belarus. The theoretical basis is the concept of corporate social responsibility, the concept of quality of working life as well as the concept of segmentation of staff, which is a prerequisite for the personification of management actions and the individual differences of workers in achieving the organization's objectives. The developed theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of organizational-economic mechanism of social efficiency of employment in Belarusian organizations allowed offering the following tools: differentiation of the social package, social responsibility, socially responsible release of personnel and development of social reporting. The results of the study were tested on a specific example of a Belarusian factory of light industry, which allowed revealing reserves of increasing social and economic efficiency of its activities.

For cleaning soil and water from oil pollution the most environmental and safe ways should be used not forgetting the efficiency and financial costs. To eliminate accumulation of oil in remote places with difficult terrain and thin iridescent films on the water it is advisable to use physicochemical and biological methods. The use of sorbents for these purposes is one of the most effective physical-chemical methods of oil pollution combating. The paper describes the characteristics of the sorption materials used for removing of oil pollution of soil and water. The authors proposed various technologies for the capturing and collection of oil spills from the surface of the soil and water using adsorbents based on peat with the addition of magnetic sawdust. Timely cleaning of surfaces of soil and water from oil pollution will reduce the amount of environmental damage in case of emergency spills. Preliminary analysis of soil types will help to choose the preferred form of the material sorption for a particular soil type and the technology of its application and collection.

The level and efficiency of investment in human capital through in-house training in organizations of Belarus is estimated in the paper. The factors (typical for Belarusian enterprises), affecting the efficiency of investment in human capital in the framework of in -house training are specified. As am Methodical basis of the study the economic and statistical and sociological methods were chosen/. As a methodological basis the human capital theory, the economic theory of labor and labor economics were used. It allowed to reveal principles of effective human capital investments in industrial companies of Belarus.

The paper studies trends in the development of the Institute of Public-Private Partnership in the Republic of Belarus on the basis of the clarification of the conceptual apparatus of public-private partnerships and research institutional preconditions. The subject of the research is the relationship of public- private partnership. The conceptual framework of public-private partnership (PPP) is improved, structured and ordered in the article, including the nature, features, model of the interaction of public and private sector, composition of the PPP, the concept of public-private in innovation, the advantages and disadvantages of public- private partnerships for public and private sector. The reasons of public-private partnership in Belarus are researched, the participants of the institutional environment for the development of PPP in the Republic of Belarus are identified, the analysis of the legislation in the field of public-private partnerships is conducted. The problems associated with the implementation of public-private partnership in Belarus are revealed and the ways of solving them are defined, the development directions of the institute of public- private partnership in the Republic of Belarus are formulated. The obtained results can be used by government to develop a strategy of public-private partnership in the Republic of Belarus, as well as for materials training to facilitate, promote and disseminate knowledge of PPP and conducting activities to improve partners' trust and show initiative from the private sector in the implementation of joint projects.

The subject of the study is the effectiveness of active programs of employment. The purpose of this paper is to generalize the existing theoretical concepts determining the effectiveness of employment programs to support the methodological approach to the evaluation of their effectiveness in the region, harmonized with the existing statistical base. Testing of methodical approach (for the region database, the Republic of Belarus) led to the conclusion that despite the priority of active programs to promote employment in the region, they are a quite narrow circle of persons, some of which are not focused on employment. In the database of public service employment is dominated by vacant jobs and vacancies of low quality, but most programs are only of short-term effect. Results of the study to assess the effectiveness of regional employment programs not only in quantity but also in quality, optimize the cost of the state budget for active employment programs, get target employment policies to increase the activity of citizens in job search and job placement.