1,503 results on '"GENETIC variation"'
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2. ФЕНО- И ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ ЭНТЕРОВИРУСОВ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БЕЛАРУСЬ, 2003-2022.
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ПОКЛОНСКАЯ, Н. В., АМВРОСЬЕВА, Т. В., БОГУШ, З. Ф., ШИЛОВА, Ю. А., КОЛТУНОВА, Ю. Б., ДАШКЕВИЧ, А. М., ЗАПОЛЬСКАЯ, В. В., and КИШКУРНО, Е. П.
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GENETIC variation ,GENOTYPES ,EPIDEMICS - Abstract
Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology is the property of National Center for Biotechnology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
3. [Comparative analysis of the taxonomic classification criteria for a number of groups of pathogenic DNA and RNA viruses based on genomic data].
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Sizikova TE, Lebedev VN, and Borisevich SV
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- Phylogeny, Humans, Animals, Genomics methods, RNA, Viral genetics, Genetic Variation, RNA Viruses genetics, RNA Viruses classification, Genome, Viral, DNA Viruses genetics, DNA Viruses classification
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The basis for criteria of the taxonomic classification of DNA and RNA viruses based on data of the genomic sequencing are viewed in this review. The genomic sequences of viruses, which have genome represented by double-stranded DNA (orthopoxviruses as example), positive-sense single-stranded RNA (alphaviruses and flaviviruses as example), non-segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA (filoviruses as example), segmented negative-sense single-stranded RNA (arenaviruses and phleboviruses as example) are analyzed. The levels of genetic variability that determine the assignment of compared viruses to taxa of various orders are established for each group of viruses.
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- 2024
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4. Exercise muscle damage: the role of ACTN3 gene polymorphism
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E. V. Orekhovskaya and A. V. Minin
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muscle damage ,genetic variation ,actn3 gene ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Even the most experienced athletes are not safe from various types of muscle damage (cramp, contracture, sprain, tear and tear of the muscle). Nowadays, certain gene variations or polymorphisms associated with muscle damage caused by exercise are known. This review focuses on the polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene (Alpha-actinin-3 R577X, rs1815739), which plays an important role in the initial phase of muscle damage caused by exercises. Knowledge about how someone can respond to a specific type of exercises can help coaches individualize their athletes’ training exercises and thereby reduce the risk of injuries associated with overexertion. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical analysis of the literature on ACTN3 gene polymorphism associated with exercise-induced muscle damage both in young and old people, and the review highlights the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, which will provide a better understanding of exercise-induced muscle damage.
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- 2020
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5. Genetic diversity and structure of the Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. seed orchards of the first and the second order in Belarus
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S. I. Ivanovskaya, D. I. Kagan, and V. E. Padutov
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isoenzyme analysis ,genetic variation ,genetic structure ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
The genetic diversity of 5 seed orchards of the first (I) and 12 the second (II) orders of the Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. was analyzed on basis of the isoenzyme analysis method, was carried the study with 18 isoenzyme genes. Allelic frequencies of occurrence of the isoenzyme loci were established and the basic indicators of genetic diversity of seed orchards of Norway spruce were calculated (proportion of polymorphic loci, number of alleles per locus, mean heterozygosity) and their comparison with the average stock of genetic diversity of spruce stands of natural origin was conducted. Seed orchards I and II orders are not inferior to natural populations by the proportion of polymorphic loci P95 (0.39, 0.44 and 0.44, respectively). In the case of indicator P99, most seed orchards are comparable to natural stands, however, values of P99 for seed orchards I and II orders as a whole are significantly lower than in natural populations (0.50, 0.50 and 0.67, respectively). Range of allelic diversity in seed orchards is higher than in stands of Norway spruce of production forests. However, many allelic variants in the analyzed totality of seed orchards had a frequency of less than 1 %, although they were found in the spruce formation of Belarus with a frequency of 1 to 5 %. The average values of heterozygosity in seed orchards I order are significantly lower (0.127 and 0.131, respectively) with those in stands of production forests of Belarus (0.147 and 0.150, respectively); in seed orchards II order vice versa – are significantly higher (0.163 and 0.162, respectively). The obtained values of the inbreeding coefficients FIS and FIT for seed orchards I and II orders indicate that they are in equilibrium according to Hardy-Weinberg. The genetic structure of seed orchards I and II orders is characterized by homogeneity because coefficients FST and GST have low values (not higher 0.011 and 0.012, respectively). Assessment of degree of genetic differentiation revealed a similarity of the genetic structures of the studied seed orchards and spruce stands of natural origin of production forests.
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- 2020
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6. [Prevalence and genetic diversity of the Alongshan virus (Flaviviridae) circulating in ticks in the south of Eastern Siberia].
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Kartashov MY, Krivosheina EI, Kurushina VY, Moshkin AB, Khankhareev SS, Biche-Ool CR, Pelevina ON, Popov NV, Bogomazova OL, and Ternovoi VA
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- Animals, Siberia epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Genome, Viral, Ticks virology, Phylogeny, Genetic Variation, Ixodes virology
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Introduction: Tick-borne infections are of great importance for many regions of Russia, including Eastern Siberia. This unfavorable epidemiological situation can be characterized not only by the circulation of well-known tick-borne infections, but also by the identification of new pathogens, the role of which remains little or generally unexplored. Multicomponent flavi-like viruses can cause infectious diseases in humans and pose a threat to public health. The purpose of the study was the identification and molecular genetic characterization of the Alongshan virus ( Flaviviridae , ALSV) isolates, transmitted by ticks in the south of Eastern Siberia., Materials and Methods: Total 1060 ticks were collected and analyzed from the territory of the Republics of Khakassia, Tuva, Buryatia, Irkutsk Region and Transbaikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) in the spring-summer period 2023. ALSV RNA was detected by RT-PCR followed by nucleotide sequence determination and phylogenetic analysis for each segment of the genome., Results: The ALSV infection rate in Ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in the Republic of Khakassia was 3.3% (95% CI: 1.4-7.5); in Irkutsk Oblast - 1.0% (95% CI: 0.3-3.7); in the Republic of Tuva - 0.9% (95% CI: 0.3-3.4) and in Transbaikal Krai - 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2-3.6). Sequences of all four segments of ALSV genetic variants circulating in I . persulcatus ticks in the south of Eastern Siberia are grouped with sequences found in China and clustered into the Asian subgroup transmitted by taiga ticks. The level of difference in the nucleotide sequences of genome fragments among the identified genetic variants of ALSV ranged from 2 to 3%., Conclusion: The article shows the widespread distribution of ALSV in I . persulcatus ticks in the Republics of Khakassia and Tyva, Irkutsk Oblast and Transbaikal Territory. The obtained data actualize monitoring of changes in the area of distribution of potentially dangerous for humans flavi-like viruses and their vectors.
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- 2024
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7. Phylogeography and hybridization of corvid birds in the Palearctic Region
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A. P. Kryukov
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phylogeography ,hybrid zone ,crow ,magpie ,speciation ,genetic variation ,dna ,isolation ,divergence ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Natural hybridization increases a lot phenotypic and genetic diversity and shapes intra-species patterns, which is a subject of phylogeography. We studied mitochondrial and complete genome variation in the bird family Corvidae, genera Corvus, Pica, Cyanopica, Perisoreus and Nucifraga. In the classic case of natural hybridization between carrion and hooded crows in Siberia, we found no decreased fitness of hybrids, but instead positive assortative mating which should restrict hybrid zone width. Several genetic markers were unable to discriminate between pure carrion and hooded crows. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed no difference between carrion and hooded crows, but instead two diverged haplogroups within the eastern part of the distribution range of the carrion crow. NGS resulted in a clear pattern of diversification of pure forms and hybrids (by using SNPs), and showed genomic regions of increased variability, the so-called “speciation islands”. Comparing European and Siberian crow hybrid zones, differences in genome regions bearing genes of melanogenesis supposedly under divergent selection were found. Comparative phylogeographic analysis of 10 widely distributed Palearctic species revealed two kinds of patterns: one with a division into two haplogroups, western and eastern, and another one without such a division. These two phylogeographic patterns might be explained by different habitat preferences: mainly open fields for the first group and forests for the second one. One glacial refuge was assigned to the latter group, while west-east group species might have survived in several refuges. One of such species, the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) has a gap in its range in Transbaikalia, which is currently shrinking before our eyes. The two subspecies divided by this gap differ in phenotype, mtDNA and vocalization. In their young contact zone, some hybridization occurs with small introgression limited by certain post-zygotic isolation.
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- 2019
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8. ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ЧАСНИКУ ОЗИМОГО В УМОВАХ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ ТА МОЛЕКУЛЯРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧНИЙ ПОЛІМОРФІЗМ ДОСЛІДЖУВАНИХ СОРТІВ ЗА ISSR ЛОКУСАМИ
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ЯРОВИЙ, Г. І., ФІЛІМОНОВА, О. І., РОМАНОВ, О. В., and ГОРДІЄНКО, І. М.
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GENETIC variation ,CROP yields ,LOCUS (Genetics) ,GARLIC growing ,GROWING season ,GARLIC - Abstract
Copyright of Plant & Soil Science is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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9. [Genetics of sucrose metabolism disorders in different population groups].
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Kozlov AI and Malyarchuk BA
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- Humans, Mutation, Sucrose metabolism, Malabsorption Syndromes genetics, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors genetics, Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex genetics, Sucrase-Isomaltase Complex deficiency
- Abstract
The study of the genetic determinants of the disaccharidase activity opens up new prospects for improving diagnostics and choosing medical tactics in gastroenterology. The aim of the study was to systematize the data on the role of the sucrase-isomaltase gene (SI) in regulating sucrose metabolism and the contribution of SI mutations to the prevalence of sucrose malabsorption disorders (sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, SID) and certain forms of enterological pathology in different population groups. Material and methods . A review of the peer-reviewed scientific literature, mainly in the PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and eLibrary (https://elibrary.ru), was conducted using key words: carbohydrate malabsorption, sucrase, sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, sucrase-isomaltase SI gene. The search depth was not specified, but particular attention was paid to recent publications. The gnomAD database (https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/snp/rs781470490) was also used. Results . According to the review results, 37 out of 150 known SI gene mutations have been confirmed to contribute to reduced sucrase activity or restricted sucrase production. The prevalence of point mutations in the SI gene is estimated at 0.0006%, but carrier rates of the SI delAG deletion (rs781470490), manifested as homozygosity in SID, are very high (5-21%) in indigenous populations of Arctic regions in East Asia and America. Medicalgenetic research methods improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis of primary and secondary SID and other forms of disaccharide and polysaccharide malabsorption. The formation of databases on the prevalence of genetic determinants of sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency is a promising way to refine the epidemiology of SID. There is an increased (0.2-2.3%) risk of clinical manifestations of SID in homozygous carriers of the SI delAG mutation in the Chukotka, Kamchatka, and Northern Priochotye populations. Verification of reports on a less pronounced tendency to lipid metabolism disorders in SI delAG carriers compared with the control group is recommended. Conclusion . Manifestations of mutant SI variants in the phenotype are associated with the presence of accompanying carbohydrate malabsorption variants and specific gut microbiota. The SI 15Phe variant (rs9290264) may contribute to the development of irritable bowel syndrome., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.)
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- 2024
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10. The Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo) population genetic structure in Russia
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E. A. Mudrik, Е. I. Ilyashenko, О. А. Goroshko, T. A. Kashentseva, М. V. Korepov, I. A. Sikorskiy, G. S. Dzhamirzoev, V. Yu. Ilyashenko, and D. V. Politov
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anthropoides virgo ,microsatellite loci ,control region ,genetic variation ,genetic differentiation ,breeding groups ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
The Demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo Linneaus, 1758) is a widespread crane species of Eurasia distributed in the steppe and semi-desert zones from southeast Ukraine eastward to Northern China. The Demoiselle crane uses two wintering grounds in Africa and India corresponding to the European and Asian breeding parts of the range subdivided into several spatially separated breeding flocks. The first estimates of the genetic diversity and differentiation have been obtained from five of them: 1) Azov & Black Sea, 2) Caspian, 3) Volga & Ural, 4) South Siberian and 5) Eastern Asian sampled across the total breeding range in Russia using data from 10 microsatellite loci and the 1 003-bp control region of mitochondrial DNA. In total, the Demoiselle crane demonstrates high level of observed (HO = 0.638 ± 0.032) and expected (HE = 0.657 ± 0.023) hete-rozygosity and haplotype diversity (h = 0.960). Genetic differentiation among populations has shown to be weak for both the microsatellite loci (Wright’s FST = 0.052 or AMOVA estimate 0.016) and mtDNA (FST = 0.040). No evidence of significant population structuring of the Demoiselle crane has been found using the STRUCTURE analysis of multilocus microsatellite genotypes and the NETWORK grouping of control region haplotypes. Despite the haplotype diversity was high, the nucleotide diversity of the species was low (0.0033 ± 0.0003). Negative but non-significant Tajima’s and Fu’s tests did not suggest the recent population expansion in the Demoiselle crane evolutionary history which contrasts to other cranes of the Palearctic (the Eurasian crane Grus grus, and the Hooded crane G. monacha). These data indicate more stable conditions for the Demoiselle crane breeding groups in the steppe zone in Pleistocene as compared to boreal and subarctic breeding grounds of other crane species.
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- 2018
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11. To the centenary of the birth of outstanding evolutionist Dmitri Konstantinovich Belyaev
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V. K. Shumny
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belyaev ,genetics ,evolution ,domestication ,behavior ,genetic variation ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
This paper is a tribute to outstanding evolutionary biologist Dmitri Konstantinovich Belyaev in connection with the forthcoming centenary of his birth. His work on variation-related mechanisms in animal domestication made this process much faster. Belyaev is at length described as a person, as a scientist and as the organizer of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The author had for many years worked as Belyaev’s Deputy for Science, and, when Dmitri Konstantinovich passed away, had for 22 years headed the Institute of Cytology and Genetics. Belyaev’s life was not easy: he was a priest’s son and an “enemy of the people”’s brother. He was in the battlefield all through the Great Patriotic War and became a man of steel. His struggle for the restoration of genetics in the country, his commitment to setting up and maintaining relationships between masters and followers and many more other aspects of his life are considered. The global importance of the “master – follower” paradigm as a basis of the continuity of generations is underlined and re-underlined, for this is a very special point in the scientific community, especially when new schools of science emerge.
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- 2017
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12. Моделирование состава плюсовых деревьев для создания лесосеменной плантации сосны обыкновенной с использованием SSR-маркеров
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микросателлиты ,сосна обыкновенная ,genetic variation ,генетическая изменчивость ,лесосеменная плантация ,Pinus sylvestris ,плюсовые деревья ,plus trees ,microsatellites ,forest seed orchard - Abstract
Введение. Актуальной проблемой при реализации программ по лесному семеноводству, базирующихся на отборе плюсовых деревьев, является сохранение генетического разнообразия при использовании ограниченного количества генотипов. Цель исследования – апробирование двух способов подбора плюсовых деревьев сосны обыкновенной для создания лесосеменной плантации с высоким уровнем генетического полиморфизма на основе анализа генетических особенностей клонов, выявленных с помощью ядерных микросателлитов (nSSR). Объекты и методы. Исходными данными для моделирования служили результаты анализа пяти ядерных микросателлитных локусов (Spac7.14, PtTX2146, PtTX3107, Lop1, Lop3) 63-х клонов плюсовых деревьев сосны обыкновенной. Результаты и их обсуждение. Исходная группа клонов характеризовалась следующими показателями разнообразия: число аллелей (N) – 66, число аллелей на локус (Na) – 13,2, число эффективных аллелей (Ne) – 6,7, наблюдаемая гетерозиготность (Ho) – 0,61, ожидаемая гетерозиготность (He) – 0,72, коэффициент инбридинга (F) – 0,12. Подбор 50-ти клонов для ЛСП только на основе дендрограммы, иллюстрирующей характер генетического взаимоотношения между ними, не позволил обеспечить сохранение всего аллельного разнообразия и в среднем приводил к потере 2–3-х аллелей, при этом наблюдалось повышение других показателей разнообразия (Na=12,68, Ne=7,03, Ho=0,624, He=0,732, F=0,126). Хорошие результаты получены при подборе клонов для ЛСП на основе анализа аллельного разнообразия. Комбинация из 29–31 клона, составленная таким образом, чтобы встречались все аллели, позволила обеспечить сохранность исходного уровня генетического разнообразия (N=66, Na=13,2, Ne=7,66, Ho=0,630, He=0,708, F=0,078). Для комбинации 29–31 клонов, подобранных с учётом аллельного разнообразия, также наблюдалось большее соответствие равновесию Харди–Ванберга. Заключение. Показана возможность создания лесосеменной плантации с исходным уровнем генетического разнообразия 63 плюсовых деревьев при использовании меньшего их числа по сравнению с требованиями нормативных документов., Introduction.Preserving genetic diversity while using a limited number of genotypes is a highly topical issue associated with the implementation of forest seed production programs based on plus tree selection. The goal of the research was to test two methods of selecting Pinus sylvestris plus trees for creating a seed orchard with a high level of genetic polymorphism, on the basis of analyzing genetic characteristics of clones identified using nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs). Objects and methods. The outcomes of studying five nuclear microsatellite loci (Spac7.14, PtTX2146, PtTX3107, Lop1, Lop3) of 63 clones of Pinus sylvestris plus trees served as the baseline for modeling. Results and discussion. The initial set of clones was characterized by the following diversity indicators: number of alleles (N) - 66, number of alleles per locus (Na) - 13.2, number of effective alleles (Ne) - 6.7, observed heterozygosity (Ho) - 0.61, expected heterozygosity (He) - 0.72, inbreeding coefficient (F) - 0.12. Selection of 50 clones for a seed orchard solely on the basis of a dendrogram illustrating the nature of genetic relationships among them did not allow for the preservation of entire allelic diversity and, on average, led to the loss of 2-3 alleles; an increase in other diversity indicators was found out (Na = 12 .68, Ne=7.03, Ho=0.624, He=0.732, F=0.126). Good results were obtained in clone selection based on the analysis of allelic diversity. A combination of 29-31 clones, composed in a way that all alleles occurred, made it possible to ensure the conservation of the baseline level of genetic diversity (N=66, Na=13.2, Ne=7.66, Ho=0.630, He=0.708, F= 0.078). For the sample of 29–31 clones selected taking into account allelic diversity, a greater conformity to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was recorded. Conclusion. The study showed a possibility of establishing a forest seed orchard with an initial level of genetic diversity of 63 plus trees while using a smaller number of them compared to the requirements of regulatory documents., ВЕСТНИК ПОВОЛЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ: ЛЕС. ЭКОЛОГИЯ. ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ, Выпуск 1 (55) 2022, Page 63–75
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- 2022
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13. Radiation adaptation as one of the factors for microevolution processes in animals populations
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V. A. Gaychenko
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radioactive contamination ,adaptation ,genetic variation ,epigenetic variation ,a survival strategy ,Atomic physics. Constitution and properties of matter ,QC170-197 - Abstract
Study of the main directions of response populations of individual species and faunistic complexes provides opportunity to address the relationship of adaptations of animals to radiation press by raising the level of epige-netic variability and features of a survival strategy. It is suggested to increase the level of microevolutionary processes in conditions of radioactive contamination biocenosis.
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- 2013
14. Copy number variation (CNV) as a promising genetic marker: distribution, validation methods and candidate genes in genomes of livestock species (review)
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O. A. Koshkina, T. E. Deniskova, and N. A. Zinovieva
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Candidate gene ,Population ,Biology ,Quantitative trait locus ,Genome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic variation ,genetic polymorphism ,General Materials Science ,genome organization ,Copy-number variation ,education ,dna chips ,030304 developmental biology ,Genetics ,economically significant traits ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Agriculture ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,quantitative trait loci (qtl) ,Genetic marker ,Livestock ,business - Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are repetitive genome segments, ranging from one thousand to several million base pairs and varying between individuals in a population. Due to a larger genome coverage compared to SNP markers, CNVs are important sources of genetic variation and are currently considered as an alternative type of DNA markers. The identification of CNV regions (CNVRs) which overlap with genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in livestock genomes are of the greatest interest. In the review, the results of studies on CNV in various livestock species, are summarized and analyzed including the identification of candidate genes whose loci overlap with CNV regions. In addition, the methodological approaches for detection of copy number variations are briefly described. The number of identified CNVRs and a genome coverage ratio were 51-1265 and 0.5-20 % in cattle, 565 CNVRs and 5.84 % in pigs, 978 CNVR and 8.96 % in goats, 3488 CNVR and 2.7 % in sheep. Loci of functional candidate genes associated with economically significant traits overlap with CNVR in all livestock species. There were identified genes associated with growth and development indicators (MYH3 and GBP4 in cattle; ANP32B, GYS1 and CAV1 in pigs; MYLK4 in goats; SHE, BAG4, PIGY and ORMDL1 in sheep); affecting the reproductive traits and fertility (PRP1 and PRP6 in goats; PTGS1 in sheep); associated with meat productivity (KDM5B, ADAM8 and SHH in goats); responsible for various coat and skin colour phenotypes (KIT in pigs; ASIP, AHCY and ITCH in sheep and goats) and involved in the regulation of metabolic processes (PPARA, RXRA, ADD1, FASN and PPP1CA in sheep). The analysis of international experience showed that identified CNVs could be proposed as potential candidates for selection according to economically significant traits in livestock.
- Published
- 2020
15. DOPAMINE RECEPTOR D2 (DRD2) IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES AS BIOMARKER OF RESPONSE TO ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION
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M. N. Grunina, A. M. Zabotina, A. S. Zhuravlev, M. M. Pchelina, E. V. Volkova, R. F. Nasyrova, A. E. Taraskina, and E. M. Krupitsky
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (General) ,peripheral blood lymphocytes ,medicine.medical_treatment ,antipsychotic drugs ,R5-920 ,mrna levels ,Dopamine receptor D2 ,Internal medicine ,Genetic variation ,medicine ,drd2 gene ,–141с ins/del ,Antipsychotic ,Genotyping ,antipsychotic-induced weight gain ,business.industry ,schizophrenia spectrum disorders ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,comorbidity ,alcohol dependence syndrome ,Biomarker (medicine) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Weight gain ,Pharmacogenetics - Abstract
Introduction. Despite the evolution of antipsychotic drugs, the problem of the therapy effectiveness and safety of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and comorbid conditions is very acute. The dopamine receptor D2 gene ( DRD2 ) is one of the key targets of modern pharmacogenetic studies of mental disorders. The objective of the study was to analyze the DRD2 mRNA level in peripheral blood lymphocytes and to identify genetic variations of –141С Ins/Del as potential biomarkers for antipsychotic therapy prognosis. Methods and materials. The study included 112 patients with mental disorders: 61 – with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 51 – with a comorbid disease course with alcohol dependence syndrome, and 112 people as a control group. Psychometric evaluation was carried out using PANSS scale. The material was peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The DRD2 mRNA level was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probe. Genotyping –141С Ins/Del was performed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Results. –141C Ins/Del DRD2 genetic variations are not associated with a risk of mental disorder development, and they did not affect the DRD2 mRNA level in PBLs. There were no significant differences in the gene expression of DRD2 in the control group and patients (p=0.194). Despite the improvement of the mental state in all patients included in the study, the studied DRD2 parameters did not affect either the mental disorder symptoms or the normalization of the patient status against the background of antipsychotic therapy. Ins/Ins genetic variation of –141C Ins/Del was significantly associated with an increase weight gain of more than 7 % on the 28th day of antipsychotic therapy. Conclusion. Ins/Ins genetic variation of –141C Ins/Del can be considered as a biomarker for the prognosis of antipsychotic-induced weight gain.
- Published
- 2020
16. [Genetic diversity of Siberian bovine coronavirus isolates (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus-1: Bovine-Like coronaviruses )].
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Glotov AG, Nefedchenko AV, Yuzhakov AG, Koteneva SV, Glotova TI, Komina AK, and Krasnikov NY
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- Female, Cattle, Animals, Phylogeny, Diarrhea epidemiology, Diarrhea veterinary, Genetic Variation, Coronavirus, Bovine genetics, Coronavirus genetics, Betacoronavirus 1, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections veterinary, Cattle Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Bovine coronaviruses (BCoVs) are causative agents of diarrhea, respiratory diseases in calves and winter cow dysentery. The study of genetic diversity of these viruses is topical issue. The purpose of the research is studying the genetic diversity of BCoV isolates circulating among dairy cattle in Siberia., Materials and Methods: Specimens used in this study were collected from animals that died or was forcedly slaughtered before the start of the study. The target for amplification were nucleotide sequences of S and N gene regions., Results: Based on the results of RT-PCR testing, virus genome was present in 16.3% of samples from calves with diarrheal syndrome and in 9.9% with respiratory syndrome. The nucleotide sequences of S gene region were determined for 18 isolates, and N gene sequences - for 12 isolates. Based on S gene, isolates were divided into two clades each containing two subclades. First subclade of first clade (European line) included 11 isolates. Second one included classic strains Quebec and Mebus, strains from Europe, USA and Korea, but none of sequences from this study belonged to this subclade. 6 isolates belonged to first subclade of second clade (American-Asian line). Second subclade (mixed line) included one isolate. N gene sequences formed two clades, one of them included two subclades. First subclade included 3 isolates (American-Asian line), and second subclade (mixed) included one isolate. Second clade (mixed) included 8 sequences. No differences in phylogenetic grouping between intestinal and respiratory isolates, as well as according to their geographic origin were identified., Conclusion: The studied population of BCoV isolates is heterogeneous. Nucleotide sequence analysis is a useful tool for studying molecular epidemiology of BCoV. It can be beneficial for choice of vaccines to be used in a particular geographic region.
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- 2023
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17. [Genetic diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in the Kaliningrad region].
- Author
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Shchemelev AN, Semenov AV, Ostankova YV, Naidenova EV, Zueva EB, Valutite DE, Churina MA, Virolainen PA, and Totolian AA
- Subjects
- Genetic Variation, Humans, Mutation, Phylogeny, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections genetics, HIV-1 genetics
- Abstract
Introduction: As is currently known, the epidemic process in the Kaliningrad Region was mainly associated with the spread of the recombinant form of HIV-1 (CRF03_AB); however, regular HIV importations from other countries and continents has created favorable conditions for emergence and spread of various recombinant forms of the virus.The most complete information on the diversity of recombinant forms in the region is also necessary to understand the structure of drug resistance (DR). The aim of the study was to explore the HIV-1 genetic diversity in the Kaliningrad Region., Materials and Methods: We studied 162 blood plasma samples obtained from patients from the Kaliningrad Region, both with confirmed virological failure of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with newly diagnosed HIV infection. For reverse transcription and amplification of HIV genome fragments, diagnostic «AmpliSense HIVResist-Seq»., Results and Discussion: The various recombinants between subtypes A and B (74%) were predominant in study group: recombinant was between CRF03_AB and subtype A (33.95%) and CRF03_AB-like (13.58%) were the most common. Among the "pure" subtypes of the virus, subtype A6 (16.67%). The circulation of subtypes B (3.70%) and G (1.23%) was also noted.Ninety-six patients (59.26%) were identified with at least one mutation associated with antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance., Conclusion: The observed diversity of subtypes and recombinant forms of the virus implies that the new recombinants are actively emerging in the studied region, both between existing recombinant forms and "pure" subtypes, as well as between "pure" subtypes.
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- 2022
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18. RADIATION ADAPTATION AS ONE OF THE FACTORS FOR MICROEVOLUTION PROCESSES IN ANIMALS POPULATIONS.
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Gaychenko, V. A.
- Subjects
- *
RADIOACTIVE contamination of animals , *ANIMAL populations , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of radiation , *ANIMAL epigenetics , *EFFECT of radioactive pollution on animals - Abstract
Study of the main directions of response populations of individual species and faunistic complexes provides opportunity to address the relationship of adaptations of animals to radiation press by raising the level of epigenetic variability and features of a survival strategy. It is suggested to increase the level of microevolutionary processes in conditions of radioactive contamination biocenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
19. [Genetic diversity of the mumps viruses (Paramyxoviridae: Orthorubulavirus: Mumps orthorubulavirus): an overview].
- Author
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Chekhlyaeva TS, Erokhov DV, Andrievskaya IY, Zherdeva PE, and Tikhonova NT
- Subjects
- Genetic Variation, Humans, Infant, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Mumps Vaccine, Mumps virus genetics, Paramyxoviridae, Measles epidemiology, Mumps epidemiology, Mumps prevention & control, Rubella prevention & control
- Abstract
Mumps is an infectious disease controlled by specific vaccine prophylaxis. To date, its social and epidemiological significance remains high. This is evidenced by the process of developing and implementing into the health care practices of many countries a set of measures for surveillance of mumps. In the Russian Federation, the National Program «Elimination of measles and rubella and achievement of sporadic morbidity with epidemic mumps in the Russian Federation (2021-2025)» and the national plan for its implementation were adopted in 2021. The basis for the adoption of these documents was the development of the domestic trivalent vaccine for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps, Vaktrivir, and the start of its clinical application. The availability of this vaccine will make the epidemiological surveillance of mumps to be a part of the existing system of appropriate measures for measles and rubella. The fulfillment of this set of tasks involves the study of the molecular epidemiology of the mumps virus (MuV) with possible subsequent implementation of its methodology into the surveillance actions. In this connection, this work was aimed at presenting the data on global genetic diversity of MuV as well as its genotyping methods in a systematized form. The analysis of MuV global genetic diversity in different years will be the starting point in the subsequent development of approach to monitoring virus strains circulating in the Russian Federation.
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- 2022
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20. Genetic variations among pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Val.) from the Okhotsk Sea and Lake Ainskoye by microsatellite loci
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Denis S. Kurnosov, Svetlana Y. Orlova, and Maria A. Smirnova
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herring ,microsatellite locus ,genetic variation ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 ,population structure - Abstract
Genetic variation among spawning groups of pacific herring from different spawning grounds in the northwestern Okhotsk Sea and Lake Ainskoye (Sakhalin Island) is assessed by 11 microsatellite loci. All loci were polymorphic. Genetic differentiation of the herring from the Okhotsk Sea was statistically significant, the pairwise genetic differentiation FST varied in the range of 0.0-0.4 that suggested existence of at least two local stocks. The herring from Lake Ainskoye was clearly different from the Okhotsk Sea herring.
- Published
- 2016
21. [Genetic diversity and distribution of bovine pestiviruses ( Flaviviridae: Pestivirus ) in the world and in the Russian Federation].
- Author
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Glotov AG, Glotova TI, Nefedchenko AV, and Koteneva SV
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- Animals, Cattle, Female, Genetic Variation, Phylogeny, Pregnancy, Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease epidemiology, Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease prevention & control, Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral genetics, Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral genetics, Flaviviridae, Pestivirus genetics
- Abstract
The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae includes 11 species. Bovine pestiviruses are the causative agents of viral diarrhea/mucosal disease and include three genetically distinct species: pestivirus A (BVDV-1), B (BVDV-2), and H (BVDV-3). The number of BVDV-1 subtypes is 21, BVDV-2 - 4, and BVDV-3 - 4, which complicates the diagnosis of associated diseases, reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and control programs.We performed the search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU databases for articles published in 2000-2021.Pestivirus A is distributed everywhere, although the largest number of subtypes was found in cattle in Italy and China. The virus is widespread in the Central region of the Russia (subtypes 1a and 1m). In Siberia, eleven subtypes circulate among native and imported animals: 1a (5%), 1b (35%), 1c (5%), 1d (10%), 1f (20%), 1g, 1i (both 2.5%), 1j, 1k, 1p, and 1r (all for 5%). Pestivirus B subtype is more virulent, found less frequently and mainly in the North and South America, in some European countries, and in Asia. Three subtypes have been identified in Siberia: 2a (25%), 2b (10%), and 2c (5%). Pestivirus H circulates in Europe, Asia and South America. The main route of entry is contaminated biological products. In Russia, BVDV-3 of the Italian-Brazilian group (3a) was detected in 7 lots of fetal bovine serum.The role of the virus in the occurrence of respiratory diseases in calves, abortion, systemic infection and enteritis in calves and adult animals has been established. The source of the virus in such cases was a contaminated modified live vaccine.
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- 2022
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22. Role of genetic polymorphism in the development of sepsis in infants
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Physiology ,lcsh:Surgery ,Inflammation ,Endogeny ,Disease ,ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ,Biology ,Systemic inflammation ,law.invention ,Sepsis ,law ,Physiology (medical) ,Genetic variation ,medicine ,Genetic predisposition ,ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ПРЕДРАСПОЛОЖЕННОСТЬ ,ГЕН ,ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ,lcsh:RD1-811 ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care unit ,Immunology ,СЕПСИС ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Sepsis and its consequences continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). The evidence that endogenous mediators actually mediate an individual response to the infection has led to the development of different approaches to assess the impact of each person on the course of the disease. The role of the genetic background and the susceptibility to human inflammatory response amplitude are determined by the variability of the genes encoding endogenous mediators which are produced during inflammation. Pro-and anti-inflammatory reactions influence the susceptibility and the outcomes in patients with sepsis and systemic inflammation. Thus, all genes encoding proteins involved in the transduction of inflammatory genes are candidates for detection of a human's genetic background responsible for the difference in interpersonal systemic inflammatory reaction.
- Published
- 2015
23. Генетическая характеристика тракененской породы лошадей
- Subjects
тракененская лошадь ,генетическое разнообразие ,Trakehner horse ,микросателлиты ,horse breeds ,genetic variation ,DNA ,ДНК ,microsatellite markers ,породы лошадей - Abstract
Тракененская порода является одной из старейших заводских пород лошадей. Целью исследования было изучение генетической структуры тракененской породы с использованием микросателлитных маркеров., Trakehner is one of the oldest cultural breeds of horses. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic structure of Trakehner breed using microsatellite markers., №2 (2018)
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- 2018
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24. [Variability of Fragments of Nuclear Brca1 Gene, Exon 11, and Mitochondrial Cox1 Gene in House Mice Mus musculus].
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Bogdanov AS, Maltsev AN, Kotenkova EV, Malikov VG, Lissovsky AA, Stakheev VV, Darvish J, and Castiglia R
- Subjects
- Animals, BRCA1 Protein genetics, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Iran, Russia, Siberia, Cyclooxygenase 1 genetics, Exons, Genes, BRCA1, Genes, Mitochondrial, Genetic Variation, Membrane Proteins genetics, Mice genetics
- Abstract
To clarify genetic differences between subspecies of the house mouse Mus musculus, their distribution, and hybridization, we first conducted a comparative analysis of variability of nucleotide sequences of fragments of the nuclear gene Brca1, exon 11 (2331 bp), and mitochondrial gene Cox1 (1260 bp) in 40 house mice from West and East Europe, Transcaucasia, Siberia, and Central and South Asia. Brca1 genotypes were divided into five main groups, which differed in a number of fixed substitutions. Genotypes of each group are characteristic for the certain geographical region and the following subspecies: M. m. musculus, M. m. domesticus, M. m. castaneus, and M. m. wagneri together with M. m. gansuensis; a fifth group corresponds to an unidentified subspecies or a distinct genetic form of M. musculus from India (Sikkim State). Besides the homozygous specimens, we revealed mice, which were heterozygous for all diagnostic loci simultaneously; these specimens were determined as hybrid. Hybrid mice were mainly found in the zones of contact of subspecies, but in some cases, quite far from one of the parent subspecies (possibly, due to transportation). In two hybrid mice (from Bakhtiari Province of Iran and Transbaikalia of Russia), unique Brca1 haplotypes were detected. It cannot be ruled out that, at least partly, they may be characteristic of the M. m. bactrianus and M. m. gansuensis subspecies, respectively. Thus, the results of the study showed that the nuclear Brca1 gene is a promising molecular genetic marker for the analysis of variability, differentiation, and hybridization of house mice as well for subspecific identification of M. musculus specimens. Despite more rapid evolution of the Cox1 gene, it is not well suited for discrimination of M. m. musculus, M. m. wagneri, M. m. gansuensis specimens and Transcaucasian representatives of M. m. domesticus due to introgression and long-term maintenance of foreign mitochondrial DNA in populations. However, Cox1 gene analysis (along with the diagnostics of animals by nuclear DNA) may be useful for estimation of population differences in M. m. castaneus and M. m. domesticus subspecies.
- Published
- 2020
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25. GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDY OF MODERN RUSSIAN APPLE (Malus ½ domestica Borkh.) CULTIVARS BY THE SSR LOCI ANALYSIS
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S. V. Tokmakov, E. V. Ul’yanovskaya, I. I. Suprun, C.-H. E. Durel, C. Denans, Y.-A. V. Ushakova, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Malus ,genetic diversity ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,SSR-markers ,Apple tree ,01 natural sciences ,[SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic variation ,Botany ,Cultivar ,apple tree ,Polymorphism ,030304 developmental biology ,Hybrid ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Genetic diversity ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,genotyping ,Genetic marker ,Gene pool ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; SSRs are one of the most suitable DNA-markers for assessment of genetic diversity of plant genetic resources. Microsatellites were used for development of saturated genetic maps of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) as well as for wide range of genetic diversity studies. Our study was aimed on the investigation of the genetic relationship within subcollection of modern Russian apple cultivars. Polymorphism of 12 microsatellite loci was estimated for 31 apple cultivars from the SKZNIISiV collection of genetic resources. These cultivars have been bred in North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (SKZNIISiV) and All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). SSR-markers CH01f03b, CH01h01, CH01h10, CH02c06, CH02d08, CH04e05, CH05f06, CH01f02, CH02c11, Hi02c07, CH02c09 and CH03d07, which are recommended by Fruitbreedomics, the European consortium, were used in the study. According to the data of SSR-analysis from 5 to 10 alleles per locus were detected, with an average value of 7.75 alleles per locus. A total of 93 alleles were detected for all 12 loci. All apple cultivars showed individual, distinct SSR-profiles. Comparison with the data on the genetic diversity of the world apple tree gene pool suggests that the SSR-loci polymorphism in studied set of the apple cultivars is relatively high. Expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity varied within the ranges of 0.548-0.897 and 0.602-0.827 for Ho and He, respectively. The average values of these indexes are Ho = 0.786 and He = 0.755. PIC value ranged from 0.571 to 0.806, and 9 loci showed PIC value higher than 0.712. Results of UPGMA-analysis are consistent with the level of genetic heterogeneity of the studied cultivar set. Five clusters were determined. Distribution of cultivars into clusters in most cases is consistent with their genealogy. For example, Svezhest’ cultivar, formed a distinct cluster № 1, as well as cultivars Imrus and Zimnee utro which formed cluster № 5 are originated from the cultivars, which are not presented as the parental forms of any studied cultivars. Cultivars of VNIISPK breeding such as Solnishko, Stroevskoe, Yubilei Moskvy, Afrodita and Start, which formed distinct cluster № 3 have one common parental cultivar. The structure of dendrite obtained when performing clustering on the results of SSR-analysis may be due to large number of unique alleles studied in genotypes that in turn is due to the high genetic diversity within the studied set of cultivars. At the same time, the fact of incorporation of cultivars with the same genealogy in the same clusters confirms the high significant genetic similarity within groups of such varieties. Results of the study allows to assess the level of the genetic diversity within the set of modern apple cultivars as well as can be used for confirmation of genealogy of apple cultivars and hybrids in the case of disputes, as well as for identification of varieties.
- Published
- 2015
26. [Molecular genetic characteristics of HIV-1 variants isolated in the subjects of the Russian Far East.]
- Author
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Kotova VO, Trotsenko OE, Balakhontseva LA, and Bazykina EA
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Humans, Male, Siberia epidemiology, Drug Resistance, Viral, Genetic Variation, Genotype, HIV Infections genetics, HIV-1 genetics
- Abstract
Introduction: Molecular-genetic monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug-resistant strains circulation as well as analysis of territorial peculiarities of different genetic variants prevalence of the virus is a crucial part of epidemiological surveillance over HIV-infection spread., Purpose: Objective of the research - to analyze the prevalence of HIV-1 genetic variants among HIV-positive people living in different constituent entities of the Far Eastern Federal District., Material and Methods: Molecular-genetic analysis of the Pol-gene that is coding protease and a part of reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was performed for a total number of 206 blood plasma samples. The biological material was collected from HIV-positive people living in Sakhalin, Magadan and Amur regions, Jewish Autonomous District, Khabarovsk region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Chukotka Autonomous Region (constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the Russian Far East)., Results: The research demonstrated that HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 continues to be dominant and comprises 72.1±3.1% of all isolated subtypes in the regions of the Russian Far East. HIV-1 subtype B was identified in 14 cases (6.8±1.8%) and subtype C in 4 cases (1.9±1.0%). Spectrum of HIV-1 recombinant forms was determined for some regions. We identified five types of HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRF): CRF03_AB - 2 (0.9±0.7%), CRF02_AG - 8 (3.9±1.3%), CRF63_02A1 - 27 (13.1±2.4%), CRF11_cpx - 1 (0.5±0.5%), CRF01_AE - 3 (1.5±0.8%). High heterogeneity of the virus was registered in the Jewish Autonomous District., Discussion: The conducted research revealed genetic differences in the landscape of HIV-1 subtypes circulation as well as differences in HIV-1 recombinant forms distribution frequency in the Russian Far East. Current findings are due to expansion of migration flows that promote cross-border importation and further spread of different HIV-1 genetic variants among population of the Far Eastern Federal District., Conclusion: The conducted research revealed that the molecular-genetic monitoring of HIV-1 genovariants should involve not only regions with high HIV-abundance but also with low HIV-prevalence and incidence., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2019
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27. [Molecular Mechanisms of HIV-1 Genetic Diversity].
- Author
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Sosin DV and Tchurikov NA
- Subjects
- APOBEC Deaminases, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Cytidine Deaminase, Cytosine Deaminase metabolism, DNA, Viral metabolism, Deamination, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Variation, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections metabolism, HIV Infections virology, HIV Reverse Transcriptase metabolism, HIV-1 drug effects, HIV-1 metabolism, Humans, Recombination, Genetic, Virus Replication drug effects, Cytosine Deaminase genetics, DNA, Viral genetics, HIV Infections genetics, HIV Reverse Transcriptase genetics, HIV-1 genetics, Host-Pathogen Interactions genetics
- Abstract
High genetic diversity of HIV-1 is the main factor behind the fact that HIV infection is widespread and difficult to treat. Although a limited number (or only one) of virus particles enters the blood upon infection, the particles are replicated in infected cells and rapidly produce new genetic variants that are resistant to the host immune system and antiretroviral drugs. This circumstance hampers the development of anti-HIV-1 vaccines and requires new antiretroviral drugs to be designed. The cause of the high variation of HIV-1 is related to the properties of its reverse transcriptase, which is error prone and often makes mistakes when transcribing virus RNA. Moreover, host APOBEC3-family proteins deaminate cytosines in the resulting minus strand DNA copy, leading to C/G-T/A transitions. The review considers several mechanisms that generate HIV-1 variants, including multiple recombination events between two different RNA copies colocated within one capsid. To understand the mechanisms of high genetic diversity of HIV-1 is essential for designing basically new approaches to treatment of HIV infection and AIDS.
- Published
- 2017
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28. Diversity of ukrainian winter common wheat varieties with respect to storage protein loci and molecular markers for disease resistance genes.
- Author
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Kozub NA, Sozinov IA, Karelov AV, Blume YB, and Sozinov AA
- Subjects
- Alleles, Ascomycota growth & development, Ascomycota pathogenicity, Crosses, Genetic, Gene Frequency, Genetic Markers, Genetic Variation, Gliadin immunology, Phylogeny, Plant Breeding, Plant Diseases immunology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Protein Isoforms genetics, Protein Isoforms immunology, Seasons, Triticum classification, Triticum immunology, Triticum microbiology, Ukraine, Disease Resistance genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genetic Loci, Gliadin genetics, Plant Diseases genetics, Triticum genetics
- Abstract
Diversity of Ukrainian winter common wheat varieties was studied with respect to the storage protein loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1, Gli-A3, Gli-B5, and Gli-A6 (362 varieties) and markers for the Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57/Bdv1 gene conferring moderate resistance to a number of biotrophic pathogens, the Tsn1 gene for sensitivity to the toxins A of the necrotrophic fungi Pyrenophora triticirepentis and Stagonospora nodorum, the Tsc2 gene for sensitivity to the toxin B of P. triticirepentis, and the TDF_076_2D gene for moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (181 varieties). Significant differences in frequencies of alleles at these marker loci between groups of varieties developed in different soil and climatic zones were revealed. The retention of a set of predominant alleles of a certain zone in different periods of breeding was confirmed. At the same time, the appearance of new allele associations in the groups of varieties of the Steppe (in particular Gli-A1g and Glu-B1al) and the Central Forest-Steppe (1AL/1RS and Glu-B1d) in the last two decades has been noted. Nonrandom associations between alleles of disease resistance genes as well as alleles of disease resistance genes and storage protein alleles were revealed
- Published
- 2017
29. [Genetic diversity of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in the western part of the Chukchi Sea].
- Author
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Shitova MV, Kochnev AA, Dolnikova OG, Kryukova NV, Malinina TV, and Pereverzev AA
- Subjects
- Animals, Siberia, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Genetic Variation, Microsatellite Repeats, Walruses genetics
- Abstract
We study 117 Pacific walrus samples from three rookeries within the western part of Chukchi Sea (Cape Vankarem, Cape Serdtse-Kamen, and Kolyuchin Island). We analyze the variability of nuclear (20 microsatellite loci) and mitochondrial DNA (three fragments). Two microsatellite loci which are described as microsatellites for the first time are used in this study: repeated sequences within introns of Coro1c and Plod2 genes. A high degree of genetic diversity is demonstrated for both nuclear and mitochondrial markers compared to Atlantic walrus. A high degree of genetic diversity is preserved within populations of Pacific walrus, despite a strong decline in the recent past. We discover the absence of significant differentiation for microsatellite loci and the presence of weak differentiation for mtDNA (mainly for a D-loop fragment). Walrus specimens that use the rookeries of the western part of Chukchi Sea are thought to belong to a single reproductive group.
- Published
- 2017
30. [Microsatellite loci variation and investigation of gene flow between two karyoforms of Cricetulus barabensis sensu lato (Rodentia, Cricetidae)].
- Author
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Poplavskaya NS, Lebedev VS, Bannikova AA, Belokon MM, Belokon YS, Pavlenko MV, Korablev VP, Kartavtseva IV, Bazhenov YA, and Surov AV
- Subjects
- Animals, Siberia, Cricetulus genetics, Gene Flow, Genetic Loci, Genetic Variation, Microsatellite Repeats
- Abstract
We examine the diversity of six microsatellite loci and partial RAG1 exon of “barabensis” and “pseudogriseus” karyoforms in Cricetulus barabensis sensu lato species complex. A total of 435 specimens from 68 localities ranging from Altai to the Far East are investigated. The results of the population structure analysis (factor analysis and NJ tree based on Nei genetic distances) support subdivision into two well-differentiated clusters corresponding to the two karyoforms. These karyoforms are also well differentiated by the level of microsatellite variability. In several “barabensis” specimens, we found microsatellite alleles that are common in “pseudogriseus” populations but are otherwise absent in “barabensis.” Most of these specimens originate from a single population in one of the zones of potential contact between karyoforms, Kharkhorin in Central Mongolia. These molecular results are consistent with previously published karyological data in suggesting that rare hybridization events between the two chromosomal races occur in nature.
- Published
- 2017
31. [Genetic variation of the mtDNA cyt b locus in topmouth gudgeon introduced into water bodies in the northern part of the Black Sea region].
- Author
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Slynko YV, Slynko EE, Karpova EP, and Boltachev AR
- Subjects
- Animals, Black Sea, Cyprinidae genetics, Cytochromes b genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Fish Proteins genetics, Genetic Variation, Mitochondrial Proteins genetics
- Abstract
The up-to-date phylogeographical distribution of the topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva Temminck et Schlegel 1846 in water bodies of the Northern Black Sea region is considered. Genetic variation of mtDNA cyt b gene is analyzed. It is established that topmouth gudgeon penetrated and spread in the basins of the Dnieper and Don rivers and in water bodies of Crimea from the secondary center of its dispersion— water bodies of Central Europe. It is demonstrated that haplotypes of topmouth gudgeon in the Danube delta are the most homologous to the haplotypes in the native range of the species in China. A considerable decrease in the level of genetic variation in the populations in the Black Sea region is reported.
- Published
- 2017
32. [GENOMIC VARIABILITY IN PATIENTS WITH DUCTAL FORM OF BREAST CANCER AND THE POSSIBILITY OF CORRECTION THE PEPTIDE BIOREGULATOR AND METAL IONS].
- Author
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Jokhadze T, Monaselidze J, Nemsadze G, Buadze T, Gaiozishvili M, and Lezhava T
- Subjects
- Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast drug therapy, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast pathology, Cations, Divalent, Chromatin drug effects, Chromatin ultrastructure, Chromosome Aberrations drug effects, Chromosome Fragile Sites, Drug Synergism, Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Tumor Cells, Cultured drug effects, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast genetics, Nickel pharmacology, Oligopeptides pharmacology
- Abstract
Level of genome stability (structural aberrations, aneuploidy and fragile sites) was studied in cells of the lymphocyte culture of ductal breast cancer patients (DBC). Was studied the correctional influence of separate and combinative action of peptide bioregulator (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) and heavy metal - nickel. It is shown that DBC patients are characterized by high level of genome instability, which is the result of the chromatin changing state. The used tests makes it possible to conclude that in the case of this form of cancer subordinates to specific epigenetic variation as a hetero- also euchromatic regions of genome. The agents - peptide bioregulator (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) and nickel ions, used in cell culture of ductal breast cancer patients, revealed the protective effect what indicates the prospects to further study for their involving purpose in combined therapy of this form of cancer.
- Published
- 2017
33. ISSR-PCR fingerprinting of Ukrainian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars.
- Author
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Ivanovych YI, Udovychenko KM, Bublyk MO, and Volkov RA
- Subjects
- DNA Fingerprinting methods, Europe, Genetic Markers, Genetic Variation, Phylogeography, Plant Breeding, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prunus avium classification, Ukraine, Genome, Plant, Microsatellite Repeats, Phylogeny, Prunus avium genetics
- Abstract
ISSR-PCR markers were used to assess genetic diversity and to elucidate relatedness among 21 Ukrainian and 3 West European sweet cherry varieties, which are widely cultivated in Ukraine. The discriminatory potential was tested for 11 ISSR-PCR primers, which produced 193 amplicons. UBC 835, 836, 841 and 881 were identified as the best primers suitable for routine application. The studied cultivars appear to be genetically highly heterogenic and can be divided in two main groups. The first one includes closely related cultivars obtained by hybridization of Drogan’s Yellow (Drogans gelbe Knorpelkirsche), Valerii Chkalov and some other forms. The second group comprises less similar cultivars derived from several West-European and unknown ancestors. Origin of several Ukrainian cultivars is discussed.
- Published
- 2017
34. [Genetic diversity of charrs of the Commander Islands based on the analysis of mitochondrial DNA].
- Author
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Soshina VA, Pavlov SD, and Zelenina DA
- Subjects
- Animals, Siberia, Cytochromes b genetics, Fish Proteins genetics, Genetic Variation, Salmonidae genetics
- Abstract
Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (CytB) gene fragment and the control region (D-loop) of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) from the Commander Islands and the Kol River of the Kamchatka Peninsula were examined. A high level of genetic variability of island populations comparable to that of the mainland population of western Kamchatka was demonstrated. The belonging of the Commander Islands chars to the genetic lineage of northern Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma malma was confirmed.
- Published
- 2016
35. [Genetic diversity and differentiation of Siberian spruce populations at nuclear microsatellite loci].
- Author
-
Kravchenko AN, Ekart AK, and Larionova AY
- Subjects
- Genetic Markers, Picea enzymology, Siberia, Genetic Variation, Microsatellite Repeats, Picea genetics
- Abstract
The results of the study of 21 populations of Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) from different parts of the species natural range by microsatellite (SSR) analysis of nuclear DNA are presented. Using nine loci developed for Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and detecting variation in Picea obovata, the parameters of intra- and interpopulation genetic diversity, as well as the degree of population differentiation, were determined. It was demonstrated that the population of Siberian spruce in the study was characterized by a relatively high average level of intrapopulation variability (H o = 0.408; H e = 0.423) and low interpopulation differentiation (F st = 0.048, P = 0.001) at this class of DNA markers. The genetic distance between populations ranged from 0.009 to 0.167, averaging 0.039. The isolated Magadan population, located in the extreme Northeast of Russia at a considerable distance from the main species range and characterized by the lowest genetic diversity among the studied populations, was maximally differentiated from the rest of the spruce populations. In addition, the steppe Ubukun population from Buryatia and the population from the Bogd Khan Uul Biosphere Reserve, Mongolia, were considerably different in the genetic structure from most populations of Siberian spruce, although to a lesser extent than the Magadan population. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies of this species carried out using allozyme and microsatellite loci of chloroplast DNA and point to the prospects of using nuclear microsatellites as DNA markers to analyze the population genetic structure of Siberian spruce.
- Published
- 2016
36. [Allelic diversity of hordein-coding loci Hrd A and Hrd B in cultivated (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wild (H. spontaneum C. Koch) barley from Iran (as a part of the Fertile Crescent)].
- Author
-
Pomortsev AA and Lyalina EV
- Subjects
- Iran, Alleles, Genetic Loci, Genetic Variation, Glutens genetics, Hordeum genetics
- Abstract
Polymorphism of hordeins encoded by the Hrd A and Hrd B loci was studied using starch gel electrophoresis in 63 landraces of cultivated barley (H. vulgare) and 43 accessions of wild barley (H. spontaneum) from Iran. We identified 35 and 32 Hrd A alleles of H. vulgare and H. spontaneum. The number of Hrd B alleles in these species was 55 and 48, respectively. The frequencies of alleles in the Hrd A and Hrd B loci in cultivated barley varied within the range of 0.0016–0.2816 (Hrd A) and 0.0016–0.1221 (Hrd B). The allelic frequencies in wild barley ranged within 0.0077–0.2170 and 0.0077–0.0815, respectively. Iranian accessions of H. spontaneum and H. vulgare shared some alleles; the number of common alleles was seven for the Hrd A locus and five for the Hrd B locus. These alleles were detected mainly in accessions of wild barley heterozygous or heterogenic for hordein-coding loci. We concluded that the regions close to Zagros mountain range cannot be considered as a barley domestication center. At the same time, Iranian H. spontaneum could have donated some hordein-coding loci to H. vulgare as a result of introgressions occurring because of spontaneous hybridization over the course of the spread of cultivated barley.
- Published
- 2016
37. [Breeding of the Russian sable: Stages of industrial domestication and genetic variability].
- Author
-
Kashtanov SN, Sulimova GE, Shevyrkov VL, and Svishcheva GR
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Male, Genetic Variation, Mustelidae physiology, Selective Breeding
- Abstract
Creating farms for sable breeding was associated with the commercial destruction of natural populations and, consequently, the overall decline in the species number. The gene pool of the first farm-bred sable population in Russia, established in the vicinity of Moscow (“Pushkinskiy” fur farm), was formed by crossing of animals removed from nine natural populations. In the first eight years of farm operation, approximately one thousand animals were used for sable breeding; some of these animals were able to adapt to the farm management and, subsequently, to the selection for a number of quantitative traits in the period of industrial domestication. It took about ten years for breeders to work out the breeding and selection technologies, which became successfully employed in the established affiliated sable breeding farms. The main achievement in sable breeding over the 85-year historical period of breeding in Russia is the creation of two unique breeds, black sable (1969) and Saltykovskaya 1 (2007). In general, industrial domestication in fur farming and the subsequent breeding works made the fur of many species (mink, fox, Arctic fox) obtained from natural populations uncompetitive, which undoubtedly reduced the hunting interest in the animals living in the wild. Consequently, hunting for fur-bearing animals of most species decreased and has only local importance. Owing to the specific features of sable biology, the fur of farm-bred animals cannot yet completely replace the furs obtained by hunting; however, the farm-bred sable population is constantly growing. This review presents the results of the analysis of the level of genetic variability in natural and farm populations at nuclear and mitochondrial loci. The comparative analysis makes it possible to estimate the loss of genetic diversity upon the species adaptation to the new conditions of existence.
- Published
- 2016
38. STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACT ERISTICS OF THE LMP1 ONCOGENE IN PATIENTS WITH TUMORS ASSOCIATED AND NOT ASSOCIATED WITH THE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS.
- Author
-
Senyuta NB, Smirnova KV, Diduk SV, Goncharova EV, Shcherbak LN, and Gurtsevitch VE
- Subjects
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections metabolism, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections pathology, Female, Herpesvirus 4, Human metabolism, Humans, Male, Neoplasms metabolism, Neoplasms pathology, Neoplasms virology, Oncogene Proteins metabolism, Viral Matrix Proteins metabolism, Epstein-Barr Virus Infections genetics, Genetic Variation, Herpesvirus 4, Human genetics, Neoplasms genetics, Oncogene Proteins genetics, Viral Matrix Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) - the etiological agent of a number of human benign and malignant tumors including infectious mononucleosis (IM), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin (NLH) lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and many other tumors. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMPl) encoded by the gene of the same name (LMP I) is the main oncoprotein of EBV. LMP1 is a transmembrane protein capable of activating many signaling pathways and transcription factors of the cells, which leads to its transformation. Molecular analysis of LMP1 of various clinical origins identified many variants with different types of amino acid mutations that influence its biological activity. Since the role of LMPl in the development of NPC is still not fully understood, it is important to find out how LMPl samples from patients with EBV-associated form of NPC differ from those of patients with other tumors also located in the oral cavity (OTOC), but not associated with this virus. Unlike most investigations conducted in endemic regions, the present work is intended to compare the genetic structure and the transforming activity of LMPl variants from NPC and OTOC patients has been carried out in a non-endemic region of Russia, where NPC is rarely diagnosed. The obtained data show structural and functional similarities of LMP1 variants in the two groups of patients and, accordingly, a genetic relationship of EBV strains persisting in these patients. Our work suggests that in non-endemic regions any EBV strain with any structure of LMP1 may become the etiologic agent of NPC. However, based on modem concepts, the cancer can occur only if EBV-infected persons have a unique pattern of HLA associated with a high sensitivity to the development of NPC combined with exposure to harmful environmental factors (chemical or physical carcinogens) and lifestyle.
- Published
- 2016
39. GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES IN THE REPUBLIC SAKHA (YAKUTIA), RUSSIA.
- Author
-
Zhdanova SN, Ogarkov OB, Alexeeva GI, Vinokurova MK, Sinkov VV, Astaf'ev VA, Savilov ED, and Kravchenko AF
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Siberia, Genetic Variation, Genotype, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
The population structure of the M. tuberculosis in Yakutia was estimated by the MIRU-VNTR method of 24 loci genotyping. 199 strains from 199 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were tested. The greatest number of the strains (34.2%, 68/199) belonged to the genotype Beijing. The significant predominance (X² = 15.5; p < 0.001) of the multidrug and extensively drug-resistance (MDR/XDR) among the isolates of Beijing genotype was revealed in subtype CC2/ W148 - 9.5% (19/199). Strains of the genotype S (15.6%, 31/199) were the second most common genotype after Beijing. The majority of S-strains had an identical profile 233325153325141344222372. S genotype strains also significantly more frequently carried the MDR/ XDR (X² = 59.8;p<0.001) among non-Beijing isolates. The genotype strain Ural ranks the third in the prevalence - 10.0% (20/199). The strains belonging to the family LAM (8.5%, 17/199) had considerable genetic heterogeneity. A great genetic diversity was also found in minor genotypes T and Haarlem. A phylogenetic reconstruction of the epidemic spread of the S-genotype and subtype CC2/W148 of the Beijing genotype in Yakutia was performed with estimation of the probable time of origin in the scale proposed by Merker M. et al. (2015). It was shown that the strains of the subtype CC2/W148 had been formed from four distinct phylogenetic sublines in recent historical period (XX century). It was estimated that phylogenetic relationships accounted for 30 MIRU-VNTR profiles of S-strains from Yakutia and 31 reference S-profiles from Europe and Canada. The profiles of the S-genotype from Yakutia form a phylogenetically compact group, indicating that all evolutionary history of these strains happened in the Sakha Republic. The time of the ancestral S-genotype spreading in Yakutia was estimated to be in the range from 300 to 600 years.
- Published
- 2016
40. A NEW GENETIC VARIANT OF THE CRIMEAN-CONGO HEMORRHAGIC FEVER VIRUS ISOLATED IN CRIMEA.
- Author
-
Kulichenko AN, Volynkina AS, Kotenev ES, Pisarenko SV, Shaposhnikova LI, Lisitskaya YV, Vasilenko NF, Tsygankova OI, Evchenko YM, Tohov YM, Savel'ev VN, Tihonov SN, and Penkovskaya NA
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo isolation & purification, Humans, Russia, Genetic Variation, Genome, Viral, Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
This work represents the results of the genetic identification of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHF virus) strains isolated in the Crimean Federal District in conducting the epidemiological survey of the imported case of CCHF from Crimea in 2015. One sample of the serum from a patient and 61 pools (506 specimens) of ticks collected during the epizootiological survey of 6 administrative districts of the Crimean Federal District were tested using PCR for the presence of the CCHF virus RNA. RNA of the CCHF virus was detected in serum from a patient and 10 samples of ticks. The genetic identification of the CCHF virus was performed by sequencing the virus genome S-, M-, and L-segments. The result of the molecular-genetic analysis revealed a high degree of identity between the samples of the CCHF virus in human serum and three samples of ticks and their belonging to a new genetic Crimea subclade (Vd) of the genotype Europe 1. Whole genome sequencing of two samples of CCHF virus belonging to the Crimea subgroup (Vd) was performed. CCHF virus variants of the Crimea subclade (Vd) of the Europe- lgenotype were described for the first time. These variants were endemic to the territory of the Crimean peninsula.
- Published
- 2016
41. [Characterization of the Russian beef cattle breed gene pools using inter simple sequence repeat DNA analysis (ISSR analysis)].
- Author
-
Sulimova GE, Voronkova VN, Perchun AV, Gorlov IF, Randelin AV, Slozhenkina MI, and Zlobina EY
- Subjects
- Animals, Russia, Cattle genetics, Gene Pool, Genetic Variation, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Abstract
The gene pools of beef cattle breeds bred in Russia were characterized on the basis of inter simple sequence repeat DNA analysis (ISSR analysis). Samples of Aberdeen Angus, Kalmyk, and Kazakh Whitehead breeds from Russia, as well as of Hereford breed, hybrids of Kazakh Whitehead and Hereford breeds, and Kazakh Whitehead breed from the Republic of Kazakhstan, were examined. In the examined breeds, 27 AG-ISSR fragments were identified, 25 of which were polymorphic. The examined breeds were different both in the fragment profiles (the presence/absence of individual ISSR fragments) and in their frequencies. It was demonstrated that the hybrid animals lacked some ISSR fragments that were present with high frequencies in parental forms, suggesting considerable genome rearrangement in the hybrid animals (at the regions of microsatellite localization) in crossings of the individuals from different breeds. The level of genetic diversity in Russian beef breeds was consistent with the values typical of farmed populations (breeds). The genetic diversity parameters assessed by applying Nei’s gene diversity index and the Shannon index varied from 0.0218 to 0.0605 and from 0.0225 to 0.0819, respectively. The highest Shannon index value was detected in the Kalmyk breed (0.0837) and Kazakh Whitehead breed from Russia (0.0819), and the highest level of Nei’s gene diversity index was found in the Kalmyk breed (0.0562) and in both populations of the Kazakh Whitehead breed (0.0509 and 0.0605). The high level of genetic similarity (according to Nei) was revealed between Russian beef cattle breeds and Hereford cattle: 0.839 (for the Kazakh Whitehead breed from Russia) and 0.769 (for the Kalmyk breed).
- Published
- 2016
42. [Association of variable rs1801282 locus of PPARG2 gene with diabetic nephropathy].
- Author
-
Avzaletdinova DS, Sharipova LF, Kochetova OV, Morugova TV, Erdman VV, and Mustafina OE
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 genetics, Diabetic Nephropathies genetics, Genetic Loci, Genetic Variation, PPAR gamma genetics
- Abstract
The association of the variable rs1801282 locus of the PPARG2 gene (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications was analyzed in inhabitants of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The genotype frequencies of the variable rs1801282 locus of the PPARG2 gene did not significantly differ in groups of healthy persons and patients with type 2 diabetes in all three considered inheritance models (codominant, dominant, and recessive). At the same time, it was demonstrated that the risk of one of the diabetic complications, i.e., diabetic nephropathy, was associated with the variable rs1801282 locus of the PPARG2 gene. Diabetic nephropathy was more common in patients with the C/C genotype (62.7%) compared to the C/G and G/G genotypes (37.5%), P = 0.036. The G allele is protective in regard to diabetic nephropathy (OR = 0.36) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Published
- 2016
43. [Evolution of genetic diversity and human diseases].
- Author
-
Stepanov VA
- Subjects
- Humans, Evolution, Molecular, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Variation, Genome, Human, Models, Genetic, Selection, Genetic
- Abstract
The problem of development and dispersion of complex diseases in human populations requires new views, approaches, hypotheses, and paradigms. Evolutionary medicine provides one of the promising approaches to this problem, putting the disease into an evolutionary context. Unlike classic approaches oriented to proximate issues on structure and mechanisms of a disease, evolutionary considerations are broader. It provides the basis for understanding the origin, dispersion, and maintenance of the high frequencies of pathological phenotypes in modern human populations. In the current paper, we try to review the modern concepts on the evolution of human genetic diversity, to shape the outlines of evolutionary medicine, and to illustrate evolutionary medical problems using our experimental data. Data on genome-wide search for the signals of decanalization and adaptation in the human genome and on related biological processes and diseases are presented. Some hypotheses and concepts of evolutionary medicine may be productive for revealing the mechanisms of origin and dispersion of complex diseases and for pathogenetics of multifactorial diseases. One of such concepts is the hypothesis of decanalization of genome–phenome relationships under natural selection during modern human dispersion. Probably, the high frequency of alleles associated with complex diseases (and partially the high prevalence of diseases themselves) could be explained in the framework of the hypothesis.
- Published
- 2016
44. [Species divergence in Iris series Lacteae (Iridaceae) in Russia and adjacent countries based on chloroplast DNA sequence data].
- Author
-
Boltenkov EV, Artyukova EV, and Kozyrenko MM
- Subjects
- Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Siberia, DNA, Chloroplast genetics, Genetic Variation, Iris Plant genetics
- Abstract
In Russia, the species of the genus Iris L., series Lacteae Doronkin, the taxonomic structure of which still remains controversial, are found in the south of Siberia and the Russian Far East, as well as in other regions of Asia. Sequence analysis of three chloroplast DNA regions (rps4, trnL–trnF, and trnS–trnG) shows that, in Russia and adjacent countries, there are two genetically and geographically isolated Lacteae species. I. oxypetala Bunge grows in the south of the Russian Far East, and I. lactea Pall. grows in Siberia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan. Genetic differentiation between the populations of I. lactea is extremely low and statistically insignificant (the fixation index ΦST = 0.057, P > 0.05), pointing to the unity of the gene pool and the absence of other Lacteae species in this area.
- Published
- 2016
45. Variation of microsatellite loci in Vincetoxicum Wolf. species in the south-east of Ukraine.
- Author
-
Demkovych AE, Glukhov AZ, Privalikhin SN, Ostapko VM, Makogon IV, Pirko YV, and Blume YB
- Subjects
- Alleles, Genetic Loci, Heterozygote, Plant Dispersal, Species Specificity, Ukraine, Vincetoxicum classification, DNA, Plant genetics, Genetic Variation, Genome, Plant, Microsatellite Repeats, Vincetoxicum genetics
- Abstract
The genetic diversity of 13 Vincetoxicum Wolf species distributed in Ukraine was investigated using 4 of the 8 nuclear microsatellite markers, previously developed for Vincetoxicum atratum from Japan. The number of alleles ranged from 8 to 25. The expected heterozygosities were 0,690–0,938 and observed ones ranged from 0,205 to 0,806. In general, the level of genetic variation in studied representatives of the genus Vincetoxicum from Ukraine proved to be comparable with that of Vincetoxicum atratum. The microsatellite loci Vinc5, Vinc104, Vinc123, Vinc124 can be successfully used to assess intra- and interspecific polymorphisms of species of the genus Vincetoxicum Wolf in Ukraine.
- Published
- 2016
46. [Analysis of the ITS1/ITS2 nuclear spacers and the secondary structure of 5.8S rRNA gene in endemic species Bellevalia sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow and related species of the subfamily scilloideae].
- Author
-
Trifonova AA, Filyushin MA, Kochieva EZ, and Kudryavtsev AM
- Subjects
- Asparagales chemistry, RNA, Small Nuclear chemistry, Russia, Asparagales genetics, Genetic Variation, Nucleic Acid Conformation, RNA, Small Nuclear genetics
- Abstract
Sequence variability of the ITS spacers and 5.8S rRNA gene was examined in 11 accessions of the subfamily Scilloideae, including seven accessions of rare and endangered species Bellevalia sarmatica from Volgograd region. The intraspecific polymorphism level of the examined ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 sequence of B. sarmatica accessions constituted 1.3%. The phylogenetic position of B. sarmatica within the genus Bellevalia was determined. It was demonstrated that B. sarmatica belonged to the section Nutantes, and the most closely related species were B. webbiana and B. dubia. Nucleotide substitutions in the 5.8S rRNA gene sequence of the analyzed Scilloideae accessions were identified and studied. The predicted secondary structure of 5.8S rRNA gene was constructed. It was demonstrated that in the examined accessions, mutations in the 5.8S rRNA gene were mainly localized in the third hairpin region and had no effect on the secondary structure of the 5.8S rRNA molecule.
- Published
- 2016
47. [Genetic Diversity of Vitis vinifera L. in Azerbaijan].
- Author
-
Salayeva SJ, Ojaghi JM, Pashayeva AN, Izzatullayeva VI, Akhundova EM, and Akperov ZI
- Subjects
- Azerbaijan, Genotype, Microsatellite Repeats genetics, Genetic Variation, Phylogeny, Vitis genetics
- Abstract
To examine the genetic diversity of Vitis vinifera L., growing in the Republic of Azerbaijan in the region near the Caspian Sea, nuclear genomes of 31 cultivated and 34 wild grapevine accessions were studied at population and individual levels using five ISSR primers. In total, 51 fragments were amplified, of which 45 were found to be polymorphic. A high level of polymorphism was revealed (the mean PPF and PIC values constituted 87.69% and 0.94, respectively). High values of the EMR, MI, and RP indices showed the effectiveness of the application of ISSR primers and the possibility of their use in further investigations in this direction. Cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distance values showed that all genotypes could be grouped into seven main clusters. Furthermore, no differences between the wild and cultivated grape wine accessions were revealed. For instance, there was no distinct distribution of the accessions according to their geographical localization. On the basis of the PIC values, the group of cultivars from Absheron Peninsula--was distinguished by the highest polymorphism level (PIC = 0.36). Natural populations from the Guba and Shabran regions were characterized by a relatively low polymorphism level (PIC = 0.31 and PIC = 0.28, respectively); and a wild population from Nabran demonstrated the lowest polymorphism level (PIC = 0.25). The data obtained confirmed paleontological and historical data of different periods, provide the supposition that Azerbaijan is the center of diversity of V. vinifera L. In addition, our data indicate that Azerbaijan grape landraces originated from local wild forms.
- Published
- 2016
48. [Variability and Identification Power 60 X-Cromosome in Two Native Siberian Populations].
- Author
-
Stepanova VA, Vagaitseva KV, Kharkov VN, Cherednichenko AA, Minaicheva LI, and Bocharova AV
- Subjects
- Asian People genetics, Female, Gene Frequency, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population
- Abstract
Genetic diversity of 60 X-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (XSNPid panel) in populations of Siberian Tatars and Tuvinians is described. A close spectrum of allele frequencies and a low level of their genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.021) is revealed. High discriminating power of the XSNPid panel in populations under study is demonstrated. The random matching probability (MP) of multilocus genotypes in males is 1.12 x 10⁻¹⁸ in Siberian Tatars and 7.77 x 10⁻¹⁶ in Tuvans. In females, MP is several orders of magnitude lower: 1.51 x 10⁻²⁵ in Siberian Tatars and 1.83 x 10⁻²³ in Tuvinians.
- Published
- 2016
49. [Genetic Diversity of the Cytochrome b Gene Fragment Haplotypes in Red-Backed Vole Myodes (Clethrionomys) rutilus Pallas, 1779].
- Author
-
Pereverzeva VV and Primak AA
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Polymorphism, Genetic, Arvicolinae genetics, Cytochromes b genetics, Genetic Variation, Phylogeography
- Abstract
For the first time, genetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene fragment haplotypes encoding the identical and the most common cytochrome b polypeptide (F1) in M. rutilus from Eastern and Beringian mateml lineages was carried out. The F1 frequencies for the vole populations from Northern Priokhotye and the Kolyma basin were calculated. Considerable polymorphism of the cytochrome b F1 haplotypes within two major phylo- groups of red-backed vole was supported by high molecular diversity indices for these clades. The proportion of genetic variation between the maternal lineages of F1 red-backed vole individuals (60.71%) was considerably higher than inter-(24.44%) and intrapopulation (14.85%) components. The data obtained make it possible to advance a hypothesis on the convergence of the cytochrome b polypeptide structure upon sequence divergence of the corresponding gene.
- Published
- 2016
50. [Genome-Wide Analysis of Across Herd F(st) Heterogeneity in Holsteinized Livestock].
- Author
-
Smaragdov MG, Saksa EI, Kudinov AA, Dementieva NV, Mitrofanova OV, and Plemyashov KV
- Subjects
- Animals, Breeding, Cattle, Livestock genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Russia, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Genotype, Microsatellite Repeats genetics
- Abstract
To form a reference population necessary for genomic selection of dairy cattle, it is important to acquire information on the genetic diversity of the original population. Our report is the first among the studies on breeding of farm animals to implement Wright's F-statistics for this purpose. Genotyping of animals was performed using BovineSNP50 chip. In total, we genotyped 499 heifers from 13 breeding farms in the Leningrad oblast. We calculated Weir and Cockerham's F(st) estimate for all pairwise combinations of herds of breeding farms and the values obtained were in the range of 0.016-0.115 with the mean of 0.076 ± 0.002. Theoretical F(st) values for the same pairwise combinations of herds were calculated using the ADMIXTURE program. These values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than Weir and Cockerham's F(st) estimates and fell in the range of 0.063-0.136 with the mean of 0.100 ± 0.001. We discuss the reasons for this discrepancy between the two sets of F(st) data. The obtained F(st) values were used to identify reliable molecular and genetic differences between the herds. The ADMIXTURE program breaks the pool of 476 heifers into 16 subpopulations, the number of which is close to the number of herds used in the experiment. Results of the comparison between F(st) values obtained using SNP markers with published data obtained on microsatellites are in support of the common opinion that microsatellite analysis results in underestimation of F(st) values. On the whole, the obtained across-herd F(st) values are in the range F(st) data reported for cattle breeds. Results of comparison of F(st) values with the data on the origin of bulls imported from different countries lead to the conclusion on the expediency of the use of F(st) indicators to assess heterogeneity of the herds. Thus, we have demonstrated that use of F(st) data provides the means to assess genetic diversity of cattle herds and is a necessary step in the formation of a reference population for dairy cattle.
- Published
- 2016
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