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At an international online expert meeting held on September 16, 2021, the results of the empagliflozin research program EMPA-REG Outcome, EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved were reviewed. We analyzed cardiovascular and renal outcomes during the treatment with empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure, regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The positive results of the EMPEROR-Preserved study are updated and their significance for clinical practice is discussed. Several proposals have been adopted that will accelerate the introduction of empagliflozin therapy into practice in patients with heart failure and overcome clinical inertia.На состоявшемся 16 сентября 2021 г. международном онлайн-совещании экспертов рассмотрены результаты программы исследований эмпаглифлозина: EMPA-REG Outcome, EMPEROR-Reduced и EMPEROR-Preserved. Проанализированы данные о частоте развития осложнений сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и болезни почек при применении эмпаглифлозина по сравнению с плацебо у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью независимо от наличия сахарного диабета 2-го типа. Отмечена важность положительных результатов исследования EMPEROR-Preserved и обсуждено их значение для клинической практики. Принят ряд предложений, которые позволят ускорить внедрение терапии эмпаглифлозином в клиническую практику лечения пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью и преодолеть клиническую инертность.

The problem of the comparative assessment of the scientific journals for the selection journal for publication of the papers of Russian scientists in the journals, included in database Web of Science (WOS), with consideration of their thematic discusses, and methodology for the solution of this problem suggests in the presented article. It applies for the specific subject category WOS and takes into consideration impact factor of the journal, number of the papers of Russian scientists, published in this journal in the previous years, average citations of these papers and their relative citations for the analysis of the list of journals of this subject category.The analysis of applicability of the suggested methodology has been implemented for the subject category of WOS mathematical&computational biology. A ranked list of journals, recommended for the publication of Russian scientists articles, has been achieved. The sustainability of this list for the different times intervals has been shown.As it has been concluded, suggested methodology may be applied for the journals of another subject categories WOS and can be useful for the Russian scientists, publishing their articles in the journals from WOS journals list. An applicability of the Bradford’s law for the porpoise of this analysis has been shown also.

Linear printed text and nonlinear hypertext compete for the attention of children and adults. The article will focus on the problems of reading in the new digital reality associated with the emergence of new format texts and changing reading practices. This issue is becoming relevant, as digital reading begins to prevail over traditional, which has an impact on individual readers and on the education system as a whole. This problem remains insufficiently studied in the social Sciences. The first part of the article discusses the possible social and pedagogical consequences of the transition to digital reading in education. A review of scientific research on the problem shows that children understand texts better if they read them on paper. One reason for this is the different purposes with which we read printed and digital texts. Screen reading is more often a means to communicate or to find information, with the result that the mechanism of digital reading can be defined as «read-slip» as opposed to a slower, thoughtful immersion in printed text. The modern education system should provide conditions for the formation of double literacy: traditional and new, which will allow to understand the deep and complex things presented in digital and printed format. The results of the empirical study of reading practices of fourth grade students will be presented in the second part of the article.

The process of obtaining high-quality tobacco seeds is very laborious, and at present many operations are performed manually at All-Russian Research Institute of Tobacco, Makhorka and Tobacco Products. The process of obtaining tobacco seeds at the Institute consists of the following operations: harvesting of inflorescences, drying of inflorescences, destruction of inflorescences, screening out coarse impurities, final cleaning in an air stream. An attempt was made earlier to mechanize and improve working conditions at the stage of final purification of the seed mixture. A unit for the final purification of tobacco seeds was developed, manufactured and tested. In this article other modes of final purification of the tobacco seed mixture to improve mechanization and productivity of the same unit have been tested. The seed mix of the 2019 harvest has been used in the studies. Coarse impurities have been separated from the seed mix by sieving through sieves with different hole sizes. Earlier modes of double final purification of seed mixture were proposed. In this research the previously proposed double cleaning modes have been taken as control ones, and in the experiment three-fold modes with a higher feed rate of the seed mixture have been used. As a result, the experimental modes provide identical removal of contaminants, however, the productivity of the unit increases 2 – 3 times due to the shorter total duration of purification, and mechanization is also improved due to a more uniform flow of the seed mixture. In this case, there is no need for the constant presence of an operator, and the process of final purification of the tobacco seed mixture is reduced only to its loading and unloading.

The article deals with the process of formation of China’s Arctic policy and mechanisms for its implementation. Till the end of the 1990s, Beijing was not interested in the Arctic region because of its geographical remoteness from China, as well as because of the lack of the necessary scientific and technological basis. The economic reforms of 1972 and the establishment of the Arctic Council in 1996 gave an impetus to the development of China’s policy in the Arctic. Since then, China has intensified its activities aimed at expanding the state’s presence in the region. Special attention is given to China’s policy document in the region ― a white paper titled “China’s Arctic Policy”. It is noted that this document was aimed at legitimizing China’s activities in the region.Despite the fact that the Arctic is not a priority region for Beijing, China is a prominent actor there. China’s attention to the Arctic is determined by economic factors, namely, by the possible development of the region’s resources, as well as its transport capacities, which can be used in the framework of the One Belt One Road Initiative.The article analyses China’s cooperation with the «Arctic five» countries and the position of the Arctic States towards intensifying Beijing’s activities in the region. China is promoting cooperation with Norway, Denmark and Iceland. despite the existing contradictions, it is noted that the Arctic states are interested, as Chinese investments play an important role in the development of the region. China has consistently stated the need for greater involvement of interested non-regional states in the multilateral management of the region, while respecting the sovereignty of the Arctic countries.

To obtain long and short flax fiber of high quality under the conventional processing technology, retted flax straw of no less than grade 1.5 is required. However, according to some data, low-grade retted straw flax of grade 0.75 and lower used at some flax-processing plants can make up to 30 percent of the total mass of harvested raw materials. To maintain profitability, this retted straw must be processed into short homogenous fiber using new innovative technologies and equipment. (Research purpose) Study of the technological process of primary processing of low-grade retted straw flax, starting from the field and finishing at a flax-processing plant in various technological lines, determination of the rational composition of technological equipment of post-treatment lines of chaff -fiber mass obtained in the field with the flax-harvesting combine KVL-1, as well as determination of quality indicators of the obtained fiber. (Materials and methods) For research purpose, two types of low-grade retted straw were used as raw material: type 1 – retted straw grade1.0, type 2 – retted straw no.0.5, taken from Russian flax-processing plants. Primary processing of retted straw was carried out directly in the field with the flax-harvesting combine KVL-1. Further, the resulting chaff -fiber mass was transported to the laboratory and cleaned in the stationary conditions in various lines consisting of commercially available disintegrator DLV-2 and tow shakers with a lower gilling section. (Results and discussion) Analysis of the research results has revealed that the raw material used – low-grade retted flax straw – features low strength and high separability of fiber. The authors have put forward some recommendations on using the technology of processing low-grade retted flax straw into homogeneous fiber. (Conclusion) The authors have described the design of two technological lines for processing low-grade retted flax straw according to the ‘field-plant’ pattern. Using these lines, one can produce homogeneous flax fiber (monofilament) with an average mass length of 189-195 millimeter, a linear density of 5.6-6.2 Tex and a mass fraction of chaff of 6.7-16.7 percent. It is emphasized that the proposed technologies allow obtaining homogeneous fiber of a grade not exceeding 2 from low-grade retted flax straw. This type of fibre can be used to produce between-joisting and volumetric sealants, nonwoven materials, modified flax fibre, cellulose, technical and medical cotton wool, low-grade yarn, composites, etc.

Forest resources and their processing are one of the main components of the economic base of the regions of the European North of Russia. At the same time, the mere fact of the presence of rich wood reserves does not at all indicate their effective use. In this regard, the assessment of the existing production potential of the timber industry complex of these constituent entities of the Russian Federation is of particular relevance and importance. The article discusses the approaches of modern researchers to the assessment of both the forest raw materials and the economic and production potential. The author’s technique is proposed, based on the use of reference values and calculations of the integral indicator of the production potential of the timber industry complex. As a result of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the production potential of the timber industry of the regions of the European North of Russia is not fully used – only 62%. In terms of regions, the leader is the Komi Republic, and the outsider is the Murmansk region. The largest reserves are available in the use of forest and market potential. The low level of use of the first is explained by low rates of development of the estimated cutting area, as well as insufficient volumes of reforestation. Low indicators of assessing market potential are due to the fact that low value-added products still dominate in the structure of production of the timber industry complex.

Palm oil is comparable to traditional diesel fuel in terms of calorifi c value, stoichiometric ratio, and cetane number. However, its increased kinematic viscosity and pour point make it diffi cult to use in pure form in diesel engines. (Research purpose) To study specifi c features of burning: diesel fuel with various additives of palm oil (biodiesel fuel); pure 100-percent palm oil; biodiesel fuel with various additives of palm oil and hydrogen peroxide, as well as to develop a method to control its combustion process. (Materials and methods) To determine the ignition time lag, the authors chose a method of kinetic modeling of self-ignition of biodiesel fuel in the air. The self-ignition process was simulated using the Chemical Workbench software package. An adiabatic calorimetric bomb model was used to perform calculations. To describe the process of self-ignition, a universal kinetic mechanism was used, which was verifi ed to calculate self-ignition of diesel and biodiesel fuel surrogates, as well as the formation of toxic substances and soot in the combustion processes. (Results and discussion) It is shown that adding palm oil to diesel fuel increases its ignition time lag, especially at low and medium temperatures of 750-950 kelvin. It was determined that with addition of 10 percent palm oil, the ignition time lag of biodiesel fuel is almost the same as that of diesel fuel no more than 5 percent. Increasing the amount of palm oil additive up to 30 percent and more signifi cantly increases the ignition time lag of the fuel. When using only palm oil as a fuel, the ignition time lag in the temperature range of 800-950 kelvin increases in two times. The study determined the optimal amount of hydrogen peroxide to be used for each composition of biodiesel fuel with various additives of palm oil. (Conclusions) It is shown that additives of hydrogen peroxide can infl uence the reactivity of biodiesel fuel and thereby regulate its ignition time lag.

In the process of post-harvest processing of corn seeds, the thermal drying of wet cob is the most energy-efficient operation. It depends on the value of the produce ‒ the seeds and its competitiveness on the market. Today, the problem of energy saving becomes more relevant in connection with a significant increase in prices for energy materials, the cost of which is about 90% of all costs for the drying process. Different technical and technological methods of energy saving during drying of corn seeds, such as two-stage drying of cobs with pre-drying in grain, return of exhaust coolant to the drying zone (recirculation), application of the maximum allowable heating temperatures of the cavities (intensive drying) are investigated. The most practical value is the reversing and recycling of coolants, which reduce fuel consumption by 20‒26%, fully preserve the quality of the seeds, do not require significant technical re-equipment of chamber corn dryers. The new method of energy saving based on the use of TPG heat generators working from corn cobs burning is determined and investigated. The technical and technological indicators of the operation of chamber corn dryer in the complex with the new heat generator TPG are investigated. The temperature regime corresponded to normative parameters and fluctuated within 38‒43 °C. The ventilation regime under which the drying took place depended on the mode of access of air to the fuel and ventilation compartment. Full air access provided a specific airflow at the level of 1393 m3/h per 1 tonne of boilers satisfying the norm of 800‒1000 m3/h. Relative humidity of the working hot air during the entire drying process was 10‒12%. In experiments, the drying rate fluctuated within the range from 0.16‒0.39%/h, the performance of one chamber ‒ 1.2‒6.0 t-%/h, depending on the weight of the cobs, their humidity and exposure of drying. Drying on the energy-saving complex did not have a negative impact on the quality of corn seeds. Laboratory similarity of the studied hybrids was 95‒98%, which corresponds to normative indexes. The yield of seeds dried in the energy-saving complex was at the control level, and in some cases exceeded it. Control was provided by seeds dried in a laboratory dryer at 39 °C with forced circulation of air and in premises at 20‒25 °C. The economic efficiency of the new drying method is determined. The total cost of drying maize cobs with different types of fuel is diesel 1145 UAH/t, gaseous ‒ 665 UAH/t, corn cobs ‒ 250 UAH/t. In general, the use of new heat generators does not have any negative effect on the technological process of drying ‒ its duration, dynamics and uniformity of drying of the cobs

Soil animals are a very important biological factor in soil formation and theformation of high soil fertility. The soil is abundantly inhabited by numerous representatives of different groups of animals, for which it represents not only the habitat but also the result of their combined activity. Changes in soil invertebrate complexes are important indicators of industrial pollution. A study conducted on a natural genesis grey-brown soils under wormwood–ephemeral vegetation contaminated waste Aluminum Plant and Tube–rolling Mill of Sumgait. Our purpose is to carry out soil and zoological research (as well as samples taken for microbiological analyzes) and on basis collected material and subsequent detection of a theoretical analysis of the major dominant group's bioindicators. Soil and zoological studies will help the future identify invertebrates that are most resistant to pollution factors, which can also be used as bioindicators of technologically polluted soils.

At the choice of the mode of safe drying of grain mass it is necessary to consider its heterogeneity on moisture content. It is an undesirable factor of which it is necessary to get rid. When increase in moisture inconstant the stability of grain mass at storage decreases, there is a danger of emergence of heating, the overall performance of dryers and other processing equipment decreases, energy costs for seeds production rise. To eliminate this shortcoming located in a grain layer or grain stream the dried-up product should be mixed carefully for the best uniformity. However not uniformity on individual moisture content of separate grains will remain. For its decrease combination of lying with material concitation is used. Researches were conducted in batch-operated laboratory machine. The humidified seeds of sugar beet were blowed-through with the drying agent speed of 0.5 m/s and temperature of 45 degrees Celsius. Moisture removal between concitations did not exceed 2.5 percent for selection seeds and 3.0 percent for ordinary ones. Duration of the periods between concitations can be determined in the analytical way. Thickness of a layer of seeds allowing drying without concitation decreases on square dependence on increase in moisture content. A contact moisture exchange between the damp and dried caryopsides for 30 min and more make it possibledrop-off in the unevenness of drying up to 0.5 percent.

The paper addresses the problem of achieving Nash equilibrium in an oligopoly market where common knowledge is absent. It explores two approaches to study the convergence conditions of the dynamics in a linear oligopoly model with any number of Cournot or Stackelberg reflexive agents. The first approach utilizes indicator functions to guide agents in adjusting their outputs to reach the optimum under existing competitors' outputs. The second approach uses norms of transition matrices from iteration to iteration in the computational process. The paper presents the authors' research results, including necessary mathematical lemmas and statements, and computational experiments with the models. The paper emphasizes several important features of the approaches, such as the conditions for individual agent choices that ensure the convergence to equilibrium of collective behavior dynamics for duopoly and any number of agents in the market, the convergence criteria of the dynamics, and the calculation of indicator functions and norms of transition matrices., Рассматривается проблема достижения равновесия Нэша на рынке олигополии при отсутствии общего знания с применением рефлексивных повторяющихся игр и моделей динамики коллективного поведения. Обсуждаются два подхода, которые направлены на исследование условий сходимости динамик для случая линейной модели олигополии с произвольным числом агентов, рефлексирующих по Курно или Штакельбергу. Первый подход основан на применении функций-индикаторов, которые указывают агентам, в какую сторону им следует изменять собственные выпуски, чтобы достичь оптимума при существующих выпусках конкурентов. Второй подход основан на применении норм матриц перехода от итерации к итерации в вычислительном процессе. Приведены результаты авторских исследований и модельных вычислительных экспериментов, необходимые математические леммы и утверждения. Показаны особенности подходов, касающиеся условий на индивидуальный выбор агентов, выполнение которых гарантирует сходимость к равновесию динамик коллективного поведения для дуополии и произвольного числа агентов на рынке; критериев сходимости динамик; вычислений функций-индикаторов и норм матриц перехода.

The paper explores the formation of a cluster partition using a system of bundles of vectors. Each object is represented by a vector with coordinates corresponding to its characteristic factors. The study focuses on the principles of changes in the total density of these bundles when objects move from one cluster to another. Based on the findings, an algorithm is proposed to reduce the total intracluster variance of the initial cluster partition. The proposed algorithm is based on a modern technique for analyzing latent classes. This technique emphasizes that the forming factors of objects within each cluster should be highly correlated. Since the number of forming factors is arbitrary, the algorithm replaces this requirement with the maximum possible proximity of object factor vectors to the average vector within each cluster. The degree of this closeness is referred to as the tightness of the cluster vector bundle. The paper also introduces a new method for quantifying clusters in the improvable clustering constructed using the proposed algorithm. A practical example of the algorithm's application to process medical data is presented. The study discusses the reasons for the dependence of the algorithm's outcome on the choice of initial cluster partition., Если каждый из изучаемых объектов отождествить с вектором, координаты которого являются значениями факторов, характеризующих этот объект, то построение кластерного разбиения превращается в формирование системы пучков подобных векторов. В работе изучены закономерности изменения суммарной тесноты этих пучков при перемещении объекта из одного кластера в другой. Исходя из полученных результатов, предлагается алгоритм, действуя согласно которому, можно понизить суммарную внутриклас-терную изменчивость уже имевшегося начального кластерного разбиения. В основу предлагаемого алгоритма положена идея современной методики анализа латентных классов. Она состоит в том, что внутри каждого из построенных кластеров формирующие показатели объектов должны максимально возможным образом коррелировать между собой. Это требование заменяется на максимально возможную близость к среднему вектору соответствующего пучка. Степень такой близости и называется теснотой пучка векторов кластера. Для построенной с помощью предлагаемого алгоритма неулучшаемой кластеризации предложен новый метод квантификации ее кластеров. Рассмотрен практический пример применения алгоритма к медицинским данным. Обсуждаются причины зависимости результата от выбора начального кластерного разбиения.

This paper focuses on studying stationary flows in horizontal layers, taking into consideration the effects of heat and mass transfer. A mathematical model is presented for a three-layer flow in an infinite channel with solid, impermeable walls. The gas-vapor mixture flows over one-component immiscible liquids in the lower and middle layers. The paper considers the processes of heat and mass transfer at the "liquid-gas" and "liquid-liquid" thermocapillary boundaries, respectively. The Dufour and Soret effects are also considered in the upper layer of the system. Mathematical modeling is based on exact solutions of a special form of the Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation. The procedure for determining unknown parameters is explained. The paper derives dependencies of the longitudinal temperature gradients at the system boundaries from each other. The influence of the flow region's geometry on the nature of the process is studied using the "silicone oil-water-air" system as an example. The paper presents longitudinal velocity profiles and temperature distribution for different values of the liquid layer heights while other parameters of the system remain fixed. The paper concludes that, in this case, the thickness of the lower layer is more influential than the thickness of the middle layer., Работа посвящена изучению стационарных течений в горизонтальных слоях с учетом эффектов тепло- и массопереноса. Представлена математическая модель трехслойного течения в бесконечном канале с твердыми непроницаемыми стенками. Поток газопаровой смеси движется над однокомпонентными несмешивающимися жидкостями нижнего и среднего слоев. На термокапиллярных границах «жидкость — газ» и «жидкость — жидкость» учитываются процессы тепломассопереноса и теплопереноса соответственно. Эффекты Дюфура и Соре принимаются во внимание в верхнем слое системы. Математическое моделирование основано на точных решениях специального вида уравнений Навье — Стокса в приближении Буссинеска. Приведен порядок определения неизвестных параметров задач. Получены зависимости продольных градиентов температуры на границах системы друг от друга. На примере системы «силиконовое масло — вода — воздух» изучено влияние геометрии области течения на характер процесса. Представлены профили продольной скорости и распределения температуры в случае различных значений высот жидких слоев системы при фиксированных прочих параметрах. Показано, что в данном случае большее значение имеет толщина нижнего слоя, чем среднего.

This paper is devoted to the problem of visual representation in a lyric text. The main problem that is solved in the paper is the following: how is Rembrandt Van Rijn’s painitng titled Performance of the rifle company of Captain Frans Banning Kok and Lieutenant Willem Van Ruytenburg (1642) – better known in the history of culture as The Night Watch – presented in the lyrical plot of poems by various authors. The material of the paper consists of the works in which the painting by Rembrandt is in the centre of the lyrical plot, but not merely mentioned. These include: Alexander Kushner’s poem “The Night Watch” (1966), the song “The Night Watch” by King Crimson (1974), “Ayreon’s” song “The Shooting Company of Captain Frans B. Cocq” (2000), and Alexander Gorodnitsky’s poem “The Night Watch: Painting by Rembrandt van Rijn” (2019). To achieve the goal, several tasks are solved in the paper. First, the conceptual apparatus is determined, which includes categories such as ekphrasis, lyric plot, and the visual in literature. Second, the selected texts are analysed from the point of view of the use of Rembrandt’s paintings in them. And, finally, the works are compared with each other and a conclusion is made about what features the The Night Watch paining acquires, falling into the context of a lyric poem. Статья посвящена проблеме репрезентации визуального в лирическом тексте. Основная проблема, которая решается в статье, – как представлена картина Рембрандта ван Рейна Выступление стрелковой роты капитана Франса Баннинга Кока и лейтенанта Виллема ван Рёйтенбюрга (1642), больше известная в истории культуры как Ночной дозор, в лирическом сюжете стихотворений различных авторов. Материалом статьи являются произведения, в которых картина Рембрандта не просто упоминается, а находится в центре лирического сюжета: стихотворение Александра Кушнера Ночной дозор (1966), песня The Night Watch группы King Crimson (1974), песня The Shooting Company of Captain Frans B. Cocq проекта Ayreon (2000) и стихотворение Александра Городницкого Ночной дозор: Картина Рембрандта ван Рейна (2019). Для достижения цели в статье решается ряд задач. Вопервых, определяется понятийный аппарат, в который входят такие категории, как экфрасис, лирический сюжет, визуальное в литературе. Во-вторых, анализируются выбранные тексты, с точки зрения использования в них картины Рембрандта. И, наконец, в процессе сопоставления произведений делается вывод о том, какие особенности обретает картина Ночной дозор, попадая в контекст лирического стихотворения.

Introduction. The paper analyzes the application of composite materials as the main determining method of reducing the mass of the airframe and an unmanned aerial vehicle. Advanced nondestructive testing methods provide assessing the technical condition of these materials, as well as determining stress concentrators on the airframe and an unmanned aerial vehicle with high accuracy in order to make a decision on the further operation of this object under control. The objective of the work was to increase the accuracy and efficiency of the assessment of crack resistance of composite materials through the acoustic emission control.Materials and Methods. This paper presents the nomenclature of composite materials used in the construction of various aircraft, including unmanned aerial vehicles. The most possible probable defects of these materials due to the influence of operational factors are presented. The applied methods of nondestructive testing of composite material and selection of the most suitable one according to specific advantages were compared. An experiment was carried out to determine the strength limits of carbon fiber using a hardware and software complex by acoustic emission method. The research results are presented in the form of drawings projected by the hardware and software complex.Results. The application of the acoustic-emission method of composite material control is described.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained experimentally can be used in the process of determining the strength limits of various composite materials by the acoustic emission method of nondestructive testing to assess the technical condition in mechanical engineering, shipbuilding, and aircraft construction. The paper is recommended to researchers involved in the design of aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles.

The paper is devoted to the development of methodological foundations for the application of virtual reality technologies (VR-technologies) at various stages of car design and their promotion on the market, in particular, when performing design, prototyping, development of educational and advertising products. The paper analyzes the main areas of application of virtual reality technologies in industrial design in mechanical engineering. An overview of the parameters of the specialized software Unreal Engine 4 and the HTC Vive hardware set used to create and demonstrate virtual projects is performed. System requirements for computer software and hardware for creating virtual projects have been formed. A generalization of our own experience of using virtual reality technologies in the design of an electric vehicle with a frame-panel structure is carried out. The technique of using virtual reality tools in order to create virtual projects for demonstration of design solutions and functionality of mechanical engineering products is described. The issues of choosing software and hardware, their characteristics are considered, as well as a description of the stages of creating a virtual project is given. The process of developing a virtual project is divided into the stages of preparing and transforming a three-dimensional computer model of the demonstrated product into its virtual digital prototype, creating a virtual environment for it, assigning materials and textures with the necessary properties to the environment and the object, setting lighting, navigation parameters and animated actions, optimizing the display of shadows and finalizing the project. The main results of approbation of the developed methodology are presented on the example of creating virtual projects for demonstrating an electric vehicle: in an urban virtual environment and in a virtual pavilion.

Results of a study of an actual scientific and technical problem of determining the road safety level on road sections are presented in the paper. The aim of the study is to develop an express method for assessing road safety based on improving the method of the final accident rate by reducing the partial accident rate with the required accuracy of determining the safety level on public roads. The formalization of the relationship between the parameters of road traffic conditions has been carried out to study the level of safety on highways. Latent factors of the parameters of traffic conditions have been obtained on the basis of reduction of their aggregate by the method of principal components, taking into account the relationship of partial accident rates. This condition has allowed to develop analytical models for determining road safety for implementation in the practice of conducting a road safety audit. A method for identifying hazardous areas on highways has been proposed in the paper. It includes 11 parameters of road conditions out of 18 partial accident rates proposed in the prototype and regulatory documents of Ukraine. The adequacy of the model is determined by deviation values of the obtained data according to the prototype model from the values of the relative accident rate, which were 3.22 and 18.61, respectively. The proposed model reduces the deviation value by six times and affects the accuracy of determining the safety level. Experimental studies have been conducted on 79 km of highways (on 385 sectors with constant values of traffic conditions parameters). The results of a comparative analysis of the safety level for the prototype model and the developed model have been identical and shown a decrease in time and labor costs by 1.6 times without loss of accuracy. Thus, the developed methodology is recommended to be applied for determining the potential danger of road sections during an express analysis of the road safety or when conducting a safety audit at various stages of the road life cycle.

An external high-energy impact on the surface of a solid, for example, by ultrashort ultra-high-power laser pulses, can lead to phase transitions, as a result of which the surface structure undergoes cardinal changes. This paper presents the results of molecular dynamics modeling of changes in the surface layer of the computational cell under a short-term high-energy impact. The model constructed and described in the paper, in which the temperature of the computational cell is distributed in accordance with the solution of the linear problem of heat conduction, made it possible to reveal a violation of the continuity of the surface layer, which consists in the localization of excess free volume in the form of a group of spherical pores. The sizes of these imperfections, as well as the duration of their existence, have differences when modeling different energy densities of laser radiation. Further research made it possible to reveal the conditions under which the pores remain stable throughout the entire simulation time, as well as to reveal the relationship between the crystallographic orientation of the "solid — liquid" interface and the sizes of the formed pores., Внешнее высокоэнергетическое воздействие на поверхность твердого тела, например, ультракороткими сверхмощными лазерными импульсами может приводить к фазовым переходам, в результате которых структура поверхности претерпевает кардинальные изменения. В представленной работе излагаются результаты молекулярно-динамического моделирования изменения поверхностного слоя расчетной ячейки при кратковременном высокоэнергетическом воздействии. Построенная и описанная в работе модель, температура расчетной ячейки в которой распределяется в соответствии с решением линейной задачи теплопроводности, позволила выявить нарушение сплошности поверхностного слоя, заключающееся в локализации избыточного свободного объема в виде группы сферических пор. Размеры этих несовершенств, а также длительность их существования имеют отличия при моделировании разной плотности энергии лазерного излучения. Дальнейшее исследование позволило выявить условия, при которых поры остаются стабильными на протяжении всего времени моделирования, а также выявить связь между кристаллографической ориентацией межфазной границы «твердое тело — жидкость» и размерами образуемых пор.

The paper is devoted to the implementation of an algorithm for calculating the functionals of the Minkowski set in a three-dimensional digital space. The algorithm is based on the calculation of the values of these functionals for various types of node neighborhoods into which a set in a digital space can be divided. The concept of Minkowski functionals appeared in the theory of convex sets in n-dimensional Euclidean space; they are coefficients in the expansion of the volume function ε of a neighborhood of a convex set in powers of ε. Subsequently, it turned out that the concept of functionals can be generalized to the case of sets with singularities, including the case of a set in a digital space. Minkowski functionals of a digital image representing a union cubic voxel intersecting along edges and vertices are statistical measures based on the Euler-Poincare characteristic of n-dimen-sional space, show sensitivity to the morphology of disordered structures, which is confirmed by applied research. They are used in calculating density measures for a number of unordered microstructural models; particle-based models, amorphous microstructures, cellular and foamlike structures. The results of calculations for various microstructures demonstrate a number of qualitative characteristics. The paper studies the implementation of the algorithm for finding the Minkowski functionals for a set in a threedimensional digital space., Статья посвящена реализации алгоритма вычисления функционалов Минковского множества в трехмерном цифровом пространстве на основе расчетов значений этих функционалов у различных типов окрестностей узлов, на которые можно разбить множество в цифровом пространстве. Понятие функционалов Минковского появилось в теории выпуклых множеств в n-мерном евклидовом пространстве, они представляют собой коэффициенты в разложении функции объема ε-окрестности выпуклого множества по степеням ε. Впоследствии оказалось, что понятие функционалов можно обобщить на случай множеств с особенностями, в том числе на случай множества в цифровом пространстве. Функционалы Минковского цифрового изображения, представляющего объединение кубических вокселей, пересекающихся по ребрам и вершинам, являются статистическими мерами, основанными на характеристике Эйлера-Пуанкаре n-мерного пространства, показывают чувствительность к морфологии неупорядоченных структур, что подтверждают прикладные исследования. Они используются при вычислении мер с плотностью для ряда неупорядоченных микроструктур-ных моделей; моделей на основе частиц, аморфных микроструктур, ячеистых и пеноподобных структур. Результаты расчетов для различных микроструктур демонстрируют ряд качественных характеристик. В работе изучаются вопросы реализации алгоритма нахождения функционалов Минковского для множества в трехмерном цифровом пространстве.

Contact problems for elastic stripes have been well studied and published in domestic scientific literature. This is partly due to the fact that normative documents on the foundation structure it is recommended to use this elastic foundation model for simulation of a “structure – foundation – soil foundation” system. Two variants of boundary conditions at the contact between a half-strip and a rigid non-deformable base are usually considered. The first boundary condition nullifies the vertical displacements and tangential stresses, the second one nullifies vertical and horizontal displacements. Contact problems for an elastic half-strip are much less investigated. The paper considers this contact problem when the first boundary condition for zeroing of vertical displacements and tangential stresses at the contact of a half-strip with a rigid, nondeformable base. When performing calculations in the traditional formulation without taking into account tangential stresses in the contact zone, the Zhemochkin method has been used, which reduces the solution of the contact problem of solid mechanics to the solution of a statically indeterminate problem by the mixed method of structural mechanics. Therefore, at first, we have found the displacements of the upper edge of the half-strip from the unit load uniformly distributed over the edge section. The resulting expression is used to compose a system of equations for the Zhemochkin method. The case of translational displacement of the die has been considered, and the graph of contact stress distribution under the die's sole has been given in the paper.

The paper presents studies on the optimization of the process of applying coatings from cermet powders with different solid phase contents by plasma spraying in air to restore and harden parts of machines and mechanisms operating under adverse conditions. Such conditions are usually created in heavily loaded tribojoints when the mechanisms operate at a low speed of relative movement of surfaces during friction. At the same time, the destruction of the working surfaces is mainly due to the process of microcontact setting and subsequent detachment of the formed particles at their contact points. The application of special protective coatings with the required properties is possible with the manufacture of high-quality starting powder materials and optimization of the technology for their application. Such powders and powder compositions can be obtained by the method of agglomeration of a fine powder mixture with its subsequent high-temperature sintering. To identify the hardening mechanism of composite coatings made of cermet by gas-thermal spraying, important stages are the optimization of the deposition process parameters and the study of the properties of plasma coatings obtained in this case. When optimizing the technological parameters of plasma spraying of coatings, the utilization rate of the sprayed powder material has been taken into account as the main indicator of the process efficiency, the structure of the obtained layers, and the morphology of individual particles deposited on the polished surface. The paper provides data on the structural elements of sprayed materials for wear-resistant coatings obtained by plasma spraying at optimal conditions. Taking into account the processes that occur during the wear of tribological conjugations, the data indicate the existing prerequisites for the wear resistance of the studied composite coatings made of metal ceramics. Special wear-resistant coatings made of materials with a soft matrix hardened by solid inclusions Al2O3–TiO2–Ni–Cr–Al–Y are widely used in various industries. Based on the detailed analysis of the features of cermet plasma coatings, it can be stated that such powder compositions (complex oxides-metal component) are often used as wear-resistant plasma coatings. The research results can be taken into account in cases of application of wear-resistant plasma coatings made of metal-ceramics and compositions based on them, containing solid phases in the form of oxides, as well as the manufacture of a whole range of parts operating under conditions of intense wear.

The possibility of using local materials in the construction of structural layers of pavement is considered in the paper. The paper presents a method of technical and economic analysis, for which it is necessary to know the calculated deformation moduli of the materials being compared. Knowing the turnaround time for each of the options under consideration, it is possible, by comparing them with the payback periods, to more fully identify the technical and economic features of such options. The main criterion for the admissibility of the use of local material in the corresponding structural layer is the equal strength of pavement structures or individual structural layers made of local and imported materials. The criterion of economic feasibility of using local material can be written as an inequality. Using the principle of equivalence of systems, it is possible to replace individual structural layers of pavement, made of certain materials, with equivalent layers of stiffness from other materials, increasing or decreasing their thickness, depending on the strength characteristics of the materials themselves. The main condition for the technical feasibility of using local material has been determined on the basis of the condition of equal strength structures made from local and imported materials. A schedule for preliminary determination of the technical and economic feasibility of using local materials in the structural layers of road pavements has been built. The total value of the investment costs can be used as an additional criterion for the economic benefits of the compared options.

A methodological method based on the use of the theory of preferred numbers has been proposed in order to improve the most important parameters of the working bodies of noise mufflers. As a result of many years of scientific research, the authors have established a previously unknown theoretical relationship between the main series of preferred numbers, golden ratio and Fibonacci series numbers. A new direction in the development of number theory has been considered in the paper, its classification has been compiled, including the geometric theory of numbers, preferred numbers, containing a new basic series of preferred numbers using the Fibonacci sequence. New formulas have been obtained to determine the denominators of geometric progressions for the series of preferred numbers and the area of a circle. Determining the area of a circle using the new formula allows to get more accurate values. A new formula for determining the circumference of a circle has also been derived. The designs of perforated partitions have been developed, in which the laws of the new basic series of preferred numbers are used. Determining the area of a circle using the new formula allows you to get more accurate values. A new formula for determining the circumference of a circle is also obtained. The designs of perforated partitions have been developed, in which the regularities of the new basic series of preferred numbers have been used. A calculated substantiation of the main geometric and structural dimensions of noise mufflers is given using a mathematical model of a perforated golden partition and new basic series of preferred numbers, which allow to obtain a noise muffler design that has the lowest possible aerodynamic resistance with the maximum possible reduction in the noise level of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. An innovative model of a noise muffler for reciprocating internal combustion engines with improved hydraulic and acoustic characteristics based on the theory of numbers is proposed in the paper. The theory of preferred numbers applies to any technical device.

The results of test calculations obtained on the basis of mathematical models of the motion of material particles and gas dynamics of the coolant flow in a vortex apparatus during heat treatment are given in the article. The task of this paper is to determine the dependencies between the flow velocity, the place where the particle is introduced into the apparatus, and the specific trajectory of the particle.The efficiency of heat and mass transfer during the drying of porous materials in vortex devices is largely determined by the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the device, since the hydrodynamic performance of the apparatus depends on them. The drying of materials in the vortex apparatus occurs during the period of the dispersion of particulate material in the apparatus during their interaction with air currents. Obviously, the longer this process, the more effective it is.Analyzing the obtained results of the work, the author concludes that the duration of heat treatment of the particles of the material up to the moment of its completion may be different and depends, in the main, on the intensity of washing of the particle with the flow of the coolant. In general, the calculated information obtained can be the basis for designing and optimizing the design of the device in terms of reducing energy costs. The shape of the trajectory, its extent determine the overall dimensions of the device and the flow characteristics of the coolant. Depending on the required intensity of heat treatment, the location of the particles entering and the velocity of the coolant can vary.Analysis of the results of the calculations given in the paper allows us to make a qualitative conclusion that, in general, the particles that get into the vortex apparatus closer to the side wall last longer in its volume, and, consequently, are longer dried, which is more prefe-rable from a technological point of view.The data obtained can be used in the calculation of heat-mass-exchange vortex devices., В статье приводятся результаты тестовых расчетов, полученные на основании математических моделей движения частиц материала и газодинамики потока теплоносителя в вихревом аппарате при термообработке. Задача данной работы в определении зависимостей между скоростью потока, местом введения частицы в аппарат и конкретной траекторией частицы.Эффективность процессов тепломассообмена во время сушки пористых материалов в вихревых аппаратах во многом определяется соотношением геометрических размеров устройства, поскольку от них зависят гидродинамические показатели работы аппарата. Сушка материалов в вихревом аппарате происходит в период витания дисперсных частиц материала в аппарате при их взаимодействии с воздушными потоками. Очевидно, чем более длительный данный процесс, тем он эффективнее.Анализируя полученные результаты работы, автор делает вывод о том, что продолжительность термической обработки частиц материала до момента ее завершения, может быть различной и зависит, в основном, от интенсивности омывания частицы потоком теплоносителя. В общем случае полученная расчетная информация может быть основой для проектирования и оптимизации конструкции аппарата с точки зрения сокращения энергозатрат. Форма траектории, ее протяженность определяют габаритные размеры устройства и расходные характеристики теплоносителя. В зависимости от необходимой интенсивности термообработки место ввода частиц и скорость теплоносителя могут изменяться.Анализ результатов расчетов, приведенных в работе, позволяет сделать качественный вывод о том, что в целом частицы, попадающие в вихревой аппарат ближе к боковой стенке, дольше витают в его объеме, а, следовательно, и дольше подвергаются сушке, что предпочтительнее с технологической точки зрения.Полученные данные могут использоваться в методиках расчета тепломассообменных вихревых устройств., У статті наводяться результати тестових розрахунків, отримані на підставі математичних моделей руху часток матеріалу і газодинаміки потоку теплоносія у вихровому апараті при термообробці. Завдання даної роботи – у визначенні залежностей між швидкістю потоку, місцем введення частки в апарат і конкретною траєкторією частки.Ефективність процесів тепломасообміну під час сушіння пористих матеріалів у вихрових апаратах багато в чому визначається співвідношенням геометричних розмірів пристрою, оскільки від них залежать гідродинамічні показники роботи апарата. Сушка матеріалів у вихровому апараті відбувається в період витання дисперсних часток матеріалу в апараті при їх взаємодії з повітряними потоками. Очевидно, чим довший цей процес, тим він ефективніший.Аналізуючи отримані результати роботи, автор робить висновок про те, що тривалість термічної обробки часток матеріалу до моменту її завершення може бути різною і залежить, в основному, від інтенсивності омивання частки потоком теплоносія. У загальному випадку отримана розрахункова інформація може бути основою для проектування і оптимізації конструкції апарата з точки зору скорочення енерговитрат. Форма траєкторії, її протяжність визначають габаритні розміри пристрою і витратні характеристики теплоносія. Залежно від необхідної інтенсивності термообробки місце введення часток і швидкість теплоносія можуть змінюватися.Аналіз результатів розрахунків, наведених в роботі, дозволяє зробити якісний висновок про те, що в цілому частки, які потрапляють у вихровий апарат ближче до бічної стінки, довше витають в його об’ємі, а, отже, і довше піддаються сушці, що краще з технологічної точки зору.Отримані дані можуть використовуватися в методиках розрахунку тепломасообмінних вихрових пристроїв.

The article considers the social activities of non-governmental organizations in relation to families with children in the context of the modernization of the system of social services for the population, which is aimed at encouraging citizens to independently overcome life difficulties. The paper analyses the social activities of commercial and non-profit organizations, innovative technologies, the quality and variety of services provided to families in need. The authors determine the main barriers to their interaction with government agencies. The study notes, that social activities of commercial and non-commercial organizations expand the range of social services, their accessibility to the population, improve the quality and efficiency. The paper defines the priority directions of activities of socially oriented NGOs in relation to families and children in the context of Russian realities: assistance to families in the development and upbringing of children, assistance in employment and adaptation of mothers, social support for families in need, etc. The study established that the non-governmental sector responds quickly to the needs of citizens and acute social problems, which allows it to be an effective performer of social services. The authors conclude that in Russia it is necessary to form an effective management system for the development of non-governmental organizations as providers of services to families in need, optimize inter-sectoral collaboration. Social activities of the non-governmental sector have great potential and development prospects.

The paper describes a technique for assessing the thermally stressed state of a concrete massif of a foundation slab made of a self-compacting concrete mixture. The proposed method consists in a preliminary calculation of temperature fields in hardening concrete. The objects of research have been self-compacting concrete mix and structural concrete in the structure mass. The choice of materials for the preparation of a concrete mixture is given and substantiated. The composition of self-compacting concrete has been used to assess the thermally stressed state. A binder with a reduced exotherm has been used in order to reduce the self-heating of concrete. Studies have been carried out to assess the specific heat release of the recommended cement depending on the initial water-cement ratio. The effect of a chemical additive on the rate and magnitude of the specific heat release of cement has been studied. The paper presents the main theoretical provisions and an algorithm for calculating the thermal stress state of a concrete massif. The finite difference method has been used to calculate the expected temperatures and their distribution in the structure mass, and the temperature stresses in the sections of the concrete mass have been calculated to assess the thermally stressed state. The performed calculations of the temperature fields have made it possible to estimate the maximum possible temperatures and temperature differences over the sections of the concrete massif depending on the initial temperature of the concrete mixture and the average daily temperature of the outside air. Analysis of the temperature distribution has revealed the most dangerous sections of the concrete mass. An assessment of the thermal stress state of the concrete mass has been made on the basis of the results pertaining to calculation of temperature fields. The calculation of temperature stresses in the most dangerous sections of the concrete massif has been performed. It is shown that the calculated value of the temperature stress can serve as a characteristic of the thermally stressed state of the concrete mass. The formation of temperature cracks in a concrete mass is possible when the calculated value of the temperature stress exceeds the actual tensile strength of concrete. Comparison of the calculated and actual values of temperatures in the sections of the foundation slab has made it possible to conclude that the calculations of the temperature fields and, as a consequence, possible temperature deformations are correct.

The paper's relevance is substantiated by the fact that today a rapid growth of external debt of the most developed countries of the world (including European Union (EU) countries) is one of the most acute problems of the modern world economy and global finance. The paper aims to assess the degree of the external debt burden of various EU countries and evaluate the prospects of solving external debt problems in the EU. The article focuses on dynamics, composition, and specifics shaping the EU countries' external debt based on comparative, economic, statistical, and graphical analysis. Special attention we paid to the analysis of specifics of the EU countries' sovereign external debt composition connected with the acute problem of the rapid growth of public debt in general. The paper examines the ratio of public external and internal debt in various EU countries. It determines the EU particular countries where public external debt is shaping based on either cross-border or domestic model. The research results reveal a high degree of dependence of the EU economy on international debt finance. Gross external debt and sovereign external debt of the EU countries are still growing, and its distribution among various member states is very uneven. The structural imbalance of the EU countries' net external debt has also been revealed: the number of net borrowers is double that of net lenders. According to the basic external debt sustainability indicators, some EU countries are in a pretty tricky situation and entirely depend on the possibility of external debt refinancing.

A schematic and structural solution of regenerative-utilization heat use in centralized heat supply systems was previously proposed in order to increase the efficiency of operation of heating networks located in non-passable channels. The impossibility of creating a full-scale experimental setup covering the required range of factors and the area of their change, the complexity of a passive experiment on existing heating mains led to the need to develop a virtual model based on the ANSYS sofware package. A six-factor experiment has been carried out on this virtual model. Regression equations have been obtained to determine the pressure required to provide air purging of the channel, as well as heat exchange with pipelines of direct and return network water located in the channel, and heat exchange with soil around the channel. In addition, a regression relationship has been derived to find the integral heat flux from the listed washed surfaces to the air flow. The transition from dimensionless to natural factors has been made in the paper. The most significant factors are identified with the help of Pareto cards. The obtained dependencies have been verified in Part 1 of the paper. The adequacy of the obtained regression equations has been determined using standard statistical estimation methods based on the calculated values of the Fisher’s, Student’s and other criteria. The response surfaces are presented and analyzed using two dimensional sections for a number of factor values at fixed values of one and a change in two most characteristic, physically significant for a given response function. They have been validated on the basis of the analysis of regression dependencies. The obtained regression equations cover almost the entire range of possible diameters of heating mains, which makes it possible to use them in the development of energy-saving projects.

In recent years, intensive research on urban transport has been observed. The search is about finding such solutions that will enable, among others: increasing the importance of public transport, matching transport for the needs of people with reduced mobility, increasing capacity, reducing emissions, energy efficiency (technical and organizational dimension through the organization of transport on demand), increasing the vulnerability to recycling and remanufacturing. The paper presents the main concept and technical solutions of the innovative transport system – HMASSUT Prometheus (Hybrid Modular Autonomous System for Sustainable Urban Transport), which combines the concepts of personal rapid transport and an electric vehicle at the L4 autonomy level (according to the Society of Automotive Engineers classification). An assessment of the effectiveness of an innovative transport system using indicators used in road engineering is given in the paper. The concept of simulation and optimization of the transport network is presented together with the theory of cellular automata.

The purpose of this paper is a spectrum analysis of signals of various nature, construction of the signal scalogram using Morlet wavelet, modification of the scalogram to obtain a more informative graphic representation of the signal. Spectral analysis of the signal is constructed by means of the Fourier transform. A modification of the graphical representation of the result of the wavelet transform has been developed with the help of the Mathematica system. For this, a wavelet scalogram has been used as a two-dimensional representation of the original signal. A scale has been introduced on it for the value of the signal amplitude depending on the time and period of its constituent components. This graphical representation allows us to obtain additional information about the dynamic properties of the original signal. A modification of the representation of the original signal scalogram has been developed for a more complete spectrum analysis (determination of the period of the constituent components). The paper contains an example using a modified scalogram for the analysis of a signal containing two pulses, an audio signal and white noise. The basic wavelet in this case is the Morlet wavelet. A comparison of the scalogram, obtained using the built-in function, and the modified scalogram has been made in the paper. The disadvantage of the first scalogram is the impossibility of assessing the frequency of the signal; its advantage is the ability to assess the localization of the pulse. For a modified scalogram, the advantage is the estimation of the signal periodicity, and the disadvantage is the inaccuracy in determining the range of pulse localization. For spectrum analysis in Mathematica, it is recommended to use a combination of two approaches (using a standard built-in function to determine the localization of the pulse) and a modified scalogram (to determine the periods of the constituent components).

Waste generation in the life of people and enterprises is an inevitable process today. The level of utilization of municipal waste has increased on average to 23 % in Belarus. The paper provides an assessment of the existing systems for the collection and disposal of waste solid household items based on technological stages (preparation of waste for loading into a garbage collection vehicle; organization of temporary storage of waste in households, at enterprises; collection and removal of waste from the territories of households, organizations and enterprises; neutralization, processing and recycling of waste). The consequences of untimely collection of solid household and industrial waste are considered in the paper. The paper presents the factors that have a harmful effect on the human environment and the ecology of the territories of settlements and enterprises. An analysis of the effectiveness of the timely removal of such components in the systems of municipal services of cities and enterprises as an important component providing social, economic and environmental significance is given in the paper. At the present stage of the development of technology and available technologies, one of the most rational and economically justified ways of delivering waste to the areas for their sorting and processing is vacuum transportation using pipeline transport. Its application is justified for industrial zones and settlements with high and medium population density. Moreover, such a pipeline can be laid next to existing pipeline and other transport communications.

This article considers the current state and evolution of the Russian publication flow in the field of Computer Science in the Web of Science (WOS) database. In this article, we use the term "Informatics" for "Computer Science". The study analyzes the Russian flow to determine its position in the world Computer Science publication flow and its compliance to the National project "Science" requirements.We analyzed the Russian publication flow in 2010–2019 and compared it with other countries. The structure of the flow by the document type and its temporal dynamics was studied as well as the impact on citation metrics. Compliance of the flow characteristics to the requirements of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Ministry) requirements was analyzed.The analysis indicates an increase in the number of Russian computer science publications within 2010-2019,which outstrips the increase in the total number of world publications in Computer Science. This allowed Russia to move from 34 to 15 positions in the world rating in the studied research area. However, this position is not sufficient to achieve the goal of the "Science" National Project, namely, at least, the fifth position in the world rating.According to the methodic requirements of the Ministry, four types of documents were studied: Journals Articles, Conferences Proceeding Papers, Book Chapters, and Reviews. All journals have been classified into the WOS journal quartiles. Our analysis shows that the percentage of publications in the journals of higher quartiles (first and second) increases constantly and made 42 % in 2019.An increase in the number of the Conference Proceeding Papers was the highest among the studied document types.The number of citations of the published documents was studied for each document type. It was shown thatthe citing of the Journal Articles is by the order of magnitude higher than that of the Conference Proceeding Papers. This result indicates the very low interest of the Scientific Society to the Conference Proceeding Papers as compared with the Journal Articles. We conclude that an increase in the number and relative share of the Conference Proceeding Papers together with their low citation results in the low numbers of the overall citation of the Russian publication flow in comparison with other countries neighboring Russia in the world rating.The "Quality Coefficient" was calculated according to the Ministry’s methodic requirements. It was shown that the contribution of Conference Proceedings Papers to this coefficient is much lower than Journals Articles despite the number of the Conference Proceeding Papers is significantly higher.As a result, the flow of Russian publications in the field of Informatics demonstrates significant, though insufficient, growth within the analyzed period. Special attention should be paid to the document type structure of the flow.

The study subject of the paper is the directions of development of leasing in Russia in various forms of its manifestation. There is no generally accepted classification of types of leasing today — the system of statistical indicators characterizing the state and development of the financial leasing market is in a state of formation; the factors (external and internal) and cause-and-effect relationships that bring such an uneven development of the leasing services market in a way of changing the legal environment, new challenges of the time (economic, financial, social) have been little studied. Thereby, the study of leasing as a unique tool for investing in assets (including labor force) in various spheres of human activity is a relevant scientific and the applied problem. Within the framework of this paper, being used statistical methods for analyzing the structure and dynamics of the phenomena of public life, the features and trends that are emerging in thebRussian market of leasing services are investigated, a forecast for 2020 is being constructed. and expert agencies and summarizes the results of the comprehensive statistical analysis of one of the segments of the financial intermediation services market. The proposed methodology for analyzing a segment of the financial intermediation services market using the example of leasing can be widely used in the analytical activities of expert agencies, financial analysts, be useful in scientific and applied research conducted by research organizations and universities, as well as in the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in financial and economic profile universities.

The paper examines some foreign and domestic methods of forecasting bankruptcy of enterprises in order to apply them in the largest construction organizations in Russia. The empirical basis of the study is the construction companies that are comparable in size, revenue, and market share. Their annual financial statements preceding the analysis are the information base of calculations. The quality of forecasts has been checked on independent indicators’ calculations of financial analysis, as well as using data from financial markets and share prices under studied companies. The result of the research is the selection of models that gives the most correct forecast of the financial situation of a company in the construction industry. It has been also revealed that models for predicting financial insolvency of enterprises has not been able to assess changes in financial stability in the short term. Therefore, the author compares calculation results with data of financial markets. As a result, it was found that models which demonstrate the greatest predictive ability correlate with the results of independent financial analysis, as well as with data of financial markets regarding the share price dynamics of construction companies. The paper provides recommendations on approaches to choosing models for analyzing the probability of bankruptcy and can be useful for specialists of financial and analytical services to predict the financial insolvency of construction business.

The paper analyzes various viewpoints on applicability of preprints used to exchange data on the following: how a non-peer-reviewed paper affects the way preprints are perceived in various sciences, how the academic community tackles the issue of evaluating preprints, how publishers treat preprints, how external factors affect the development of preprints, and who is responsible for the quality of preprints. The timeline has been identified for the development of preprints between 1940s and 2020. The development of preprints has been analyzed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data has been provided on current platforms and tools that can be used to work with preprints and to evaluate them.

The paper considers scientific approaches to determining the essence of rural tourism and agrotourism. The authors conduct a review of the current state and trends in the development of tourism, including rural tourism, in the Vologda region. The article characterizes the activities of the government bodies of the Vologda region to create conditions for the development of the tourism industry. The study proves the prospects for the development of rural tourism in the region, shows the possibilities of forming complex tourist products. The article identifies the main problems of rural tourism development in the region and determines the directions of their solution. The paper considers the role of local governments in the development of rural tourism. The authors justify the necessity of more active implementation of the project approach in the practice of municipal administration in order to fully apply the tourist potential of the region’s territories. The study emphasizes public-private and municipal-private partnerships as one of the most effective ways to attract investment in the development of tourist infrastructure.

The paper considers an issue of international logistics development in Belarus under world coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of analytical reviewing of the up-to-date scientific literature on the problem under study, the expediency is stated for highlighting the logistics of international road freight transportation as an independent area of theoretical research and practical activity. Further development of international road freight transportation logistics in the Republic of Belarus requires a complex economic analysis of the present state and dynamics of the international road freight transportation market, which is the main purpose of the present publication. The paper contains the results of the analysis of the market for international and transit freight road transportation. Separately the paper points out the dynamics of transit goods transportation segment in this market in response to the reorientation of international freight flows. Interconnection is shown between the volume indices of international road freight transit through the territory of Belarus and the dynamics of goods import to the Russian Federation from the EU countries. For the first time a proposal is given to use the methodological tools of systemmatrix diagnostic analysis for investigation of the macroeconomic development process of international road freight transit logistics. The author’s set of initial parameters for the analysis has been formed, and its results are presented on the basis of the data of the State statistical reporting form for 2019–2020. A suggestion is given for joint usage of system-matrix diagnostic tools in combination with author’s methodology for assessing the effectiveness of transit (international) freight transportation while evaluating the competitiveness of economic entities in the industry. The most typical trends of the market development in the short term are stated, taking into account the more complicated market conditions.

The paper is devoted to the category of time in the novel The Aviator (2016) by Yevgeny Vodolazkin, the category being the key to comprehending the conceptual universe of this text. The main aim of the study is to identify the temporal layers in the novel and to indicate the dominant attributes that define each of the described periods. In the paper time is considered as a phenomenon, and attribute (determinant) as its distinctive feature. Such an approach allows the author to identify not two, as in previous scholarly literature, but three layers of time: the period of pre- -revolutionary Russia, the period of the “Bolshevik hell”, and the period of Russia at the end of the second millennium. The interpretation of the nature of time in the novel has also been facilitated by a general consideration of the work’s genre affiliation. Basing on the conviction that the elements imperceptible in the historical process create a real picture of a certain period, thus encouraging the study of the minutiae of life in different times, the author describes various details, as well as classifies them. The representative groups of indicators are distinguished as follows: smells inherent to certain attributes, sounds emitted by attributes, elements of the characters’ everyday life as well as festive time, means of transport, and the arrangement of space. The concept of chronotope, developed by Mikhail Bakhtin, has also been important for the study. The author notices that the change of a historical reference point is accompanied by a new characterisation of the indicators. In the discussed novel it is precisely the attributes that make it possible to separate the temporal layers, and this, indeed, is their main function. Статья посвящена категории времени в романе Евгения Германовича Водолазкина Авиатор (2016), которая, на наш взгляд, является ключевой для осмысления идейного мира произведения. Основная задача – выделить временные пласты в романе и выявить доминирующие атрибуты, определяющие каждый из описываемых периодов. В статье время рассматривается как явление, а атрибут – как его характерная черта. Благодаря такому подходу автору удается вычленить в произведении не два, как ранее утверждалось в научной литературе, а три временных пласта: период дореволюционной России, период «большевист- ского ада», период России конца второго тысячелетия. Осмыслению природы времени в ро- мане способствовало также общее рассмотрение жанровой принадлежности произведения. Исходя из убеждения, что незаметные в историческом процессе элементы создают реальную картину определенного периода, способствуя изучению подробностей жизни в разные вре- мена, автор описывает различные детали, а также проводит их классификацию. Выделяются следующие репрезентативные группы показателей: запахи, присущие определенным атрибу- там; звуки, издаваемые атрибутами; элементы повседневной и светской праздничной жизни героев; транспортные средства и организация пространства. Немаловажной для проведенно- го исследования является также концепция хронотопа, разработанная Михаилом Бахтиным. Автор отмечает, что со сменой исторического ориентира приходит новая характеристика по- казателей. В романе Водолазкина именно атрибуты позволяют выделить временные пласты. В этом заключается их основная функция.

The aim of the paper is to argue that the scene of the poet’s “duel” with the Kalmyk woman he met (not included in the final text of Pushkin’s “A Journey to Arzrum”) most likely has a literary basis rather than being based on reality. The claim is substantiated by an analysis of the texts that reflect the “Kalmyk” episode of Pushkin’s Arzrum journey (“Caucasian Diary”, 1828; “To a Kalmyk Maiden”, 1829), as well as biographical data on the corresponding period. A number of details about the encounter raise doubt as to its “authenticity”, in particular, the climax — a blow with a dombra on the head of a traveler who has tried to kiss the “Circe of the steppe”. Such an encounter between a stranger and a beauty, culminating in the lady-killer receiving an unexpected and often humiliating rebuff, had been a subject depicted by such eminent writers as Voltaire (the poem The Maid of Orleans, 1762) and Shakespeare (The Taming of the Shrew, 1590–1592). From the late 1810s to 1830, Pushkin himself repeatedly presented such “duels” (in the poems Ruslan and Lyudmila and “Count Nulin”, in his “Caucasian Diary” and the story “The Lady Rustic”). A connection of particular interest is that with Cinq-Mars ou Une conjuration sous Louis XIII by Alfred de Vigny (1826), mentioned in the epistle “To a Kalmyk Maiden”. This novel, mediocre but once very successful, contains a pivotal episode in which the title character punishes an “unjust judge” by hitting him on the head with a red-hot crucifix. A number of inconsistencies, however, turn the scene into a farce against the author’s intention. In “To a Kalmyk Maiden”, de Vigny is contrasted with Shakespeare, who consciously sought a comic effect by having Katherine break a lute on the head of an unwelcome teacher. In Pushkin’s text the scene in the kibitka contains a number of unmistakable references to The Taming of the Shrew. Furthermore, the use of biographical data allows the author of the paper to identify a number of semantic nuances in the epistle “To a Kalmyk Maiden” that have not been noticed earlier by researchers. Анализ aрзрумского путешествия А. С. Пушкина (Кавказский дневник, 1828, Калмычке, 1829), а также биографических данных соответствующего периода позволяет сделать вывод о том, что не вошедшая в окончательный текст Путешествия в Арзрум сцена «поединка» поэта с встреченной им калмычкой скорее всего имеет не реальную, а литературную ос- нову. Сомнение вызывает ряд деталей описанной встречи, в частности, кульминационный момент – удар домброй по голове путешественника, попытавшегося поцеловать «степную Цирцею». Поединок между незнакомцем и красавицей, в финале которого охотник до жен- ских прелестей получает неожиданный и зачастую унизительный отпор, становился пред- метом изображения таких художников слова, как Вольтер (поэма Орлеанская девственница, 1762) и У. Шекспир (комедия Укрощение строптивой, 1590–1592). С конца 1810-х до 1830 г. Пушкин не раз изображал такого рода «дуэли» (поэмы Руслан и Людмила и Граф Нулин, Кав- казский дневник, повесть Барышня-крестьянка). Особый интерес вызывает упоминаемый в послании Калмычке посредственный, но снискавший шумный успех роман А. де Виньи Сен-Мар, или Заговор времён Людовика XIII (1826), в сюжетосложении которого исключительно важную роль играет эпизод наказания заглавным героем «неправедного судьи» ударом по голове раскаленным распятием. Масса не- сообразностей, однако, превращают сцену в фарс вопреки воле автора. В послании Калмычке А. де Виньи (со)противопоставлен Шекспиру, осознанно добивавшемуся комического эф- фекта, рассказывая, как Катарина разбила лютню, надев ее на голову непрошенного учителя. Сцена, разыгравшаяся в кибитке, содержит ряд несомненных перекличек с Укрощени- ем строптивой Шекспира. Привлечение биографических данных позволило выявить в послании Калмычке ряд смысловых нюансов, не замеченных ранее исследователями.

The paper analyses visual poetics in a number of poems entitled “Self-portrait”. The author construes the visual in literature as a category of poetics which assumes the visibility of the inner world of the poem for the lyrical subject and for the reader. The visual in the lyric poetry can be expressed in various ways, including allusions to the genres of visual arts, for example, to self-portraiture. The topic undertaken is relevant, given the currently growing interest in intermediality in literature in general and in poetry in particular. What is new about the present research is that poetic self-portraits are considered here from the point of view of visual poetics. The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the ways in which the lyrical subject visually represents his or her own image. The following aspects are touched upon: the interaction of poetry and painting, the common and the differentiating features of a pictorial and a lyrical self-portrait; the use of visual details; the subjective structure of poems and the lyrical plot. There is also an attempt to build a typology of poetic self-portraits, depending on how the lyrical subject sees himself/herself as another. The material of the study includes poems by Aleksandr Kushner, Ilya Selvinsky, Andrei Voznesensky, Osip Mandelshtam, Konstantin Bolshakov, Valentin Katarsin, Nikolai Rylenkov, and others. В статье анализируется поэтика визуального в стихотворениях, озаглавленных «Авто- портрет». Визуальное при этом понимается как категория поэтики, предполагающая зри- мость внутреннего мира стихотворения для лирического субъекта и для читателя. Визуаль- ное в лирике может выражаться разными способами, в том числе и аллюзиями на жанры визуальных искусств, например, на автопортрет. Актуальность статьи заключается в выросшем в последнее время интересе к ин- термедиальности в литературе вообще и в лирике, в частности. Новизна работы состо- ит в рассмотрении поэтических автопортретов с точки зрения поэтики визуального. Ос- новная цель статьи – анализ способов визуальной репрезентации лирическим субъектом своего собственного образа. Затрагиваются следующие аспекты: взаимодействие лирики и живописи, общие и различные черты между живописным и лирическим автопортре- том; использование визуальных деталей; субъектная структура стихотворений и лири- ческий сюжет. Также делается попытка выстроить типологию автопортретов в лирике в зависимости от способов ви́дения лирическим субъектом себя: «Я» как взаимодействие «Я» и другого; «Я» как другой либо «Я» с точки зрения других. Материалом исследования послужили стихотворения А. Кушнера, И. Сельвинского, А. Вознесенского, О. Мандель- штама, К. Большакова, В. Катарсина, Н. Рыленкова, и др.

Silence, a characteristic theme in Russian literature, also plays a significant role in contemporary Russian fiction. Yevgeny Vodolazkin’s Laurus, Lyudmila Ulitskaya’s The Kukotsky Enigma and Guzel Yakhina’s Deti moi [‘My Children’] share several features in their representation of the phenomenon of silence, despite the manifold differences in the plots, the periods in which they are set and in the characters. The first part of the paper explores the components of the three works that establish connections between silence and the conflict, the chronotope and the issue of communication. In each case the plot focuses on the story of a deep but doomed love. It is the protagonist that is responsible for the love’s tragic end and will later try to redeem his or her sin and thereby preserve love in themselves. In all the three works, the reason for the silence of the protagonist – Arseniy, a mediaeval healer, Yelena Kukotskaya, the wife of a gynaecologist from Moscow, and the teacher Bach, a Volga German – is the violence they have had to endure. The spatial attribute of silence is a place on the periphery, which assumes a certain symbolic meaning. In each of the plots, water becomes a very significant spatial element, and it assumes a distinctive mythopoetic function. All three protagonists partake in some mystical experience in which linear time, which plays a dominant role in the depiction of their progression through life, is eliminated. The silent characters also stand out from their environment because of their special connection with language and culture. They replace speech with gestures and writing, and their connection with culture becomes a starting point for certain parallels with the literary tradition. In the second part of the study the common features of the three plots are examined from the point of view of the anthropology of silence and in the perspective of postmodernism. On the basis of this, the author of the paper concludes that none of the three writers are postmodern in the way they describe silence, in terms of either anthropology or aesthetics. Firstly, the image of the human which they revive is characteristic of the Christian and the Cartesian tradition, and alien to the postmodern. Secondly, contrary to the way the function of a literary author is conceptualised in postmodernism, in all the three novels the writers adopt an omniscient position, that is, they embrace the role and responsibility of a centre of sense-making and language. Характерная для классической русской литературы тема молчания играет важную роль и в современной русской прозе. В романах Е. Водолазкина Лавр, Л. Улицкой Казус Кукоцкого и Г. Яхиной Дети мои, при всей разнице сюжетов, различии эпох и судеб героев в изображе- нии и осмыслении феномена молчания много общего. В первой части статьи рассматриваются общие моменты, связанные с интригой, хро- нотопом и с проблемой коммуникации. В основе сюжета каждого романа – история вели- кой, но обреченной любви. В трагичности любви виновен сам герой, который впоследствии пытается искупить свою вину и, таким образом, сохранить любовь в себе. Причиной, по- влекшей за собой молчание героев – средневекового лекаря Арсения, жены московского ги- неколога Елены Кукоцкой и поволжского немца учителя Баха – во всех трех произведениях служит пережитое ими насилие. Пространственным атрибутом молчания является пери- ферийное место, имеющее символическую окраску. Особую мифопоэтическую функцию выполняет при этом один из главных пространственных элементов трех сюжетов – вода. Каждый из молчащих героев переживет определенный мистический опыт, в котором нару- шается линейность времени, доминирующая в изложении их жизненного пути. Молчащие герои характеризуются и своим особым отношением к языку и культуре. Устную речь они заменяют жестами и письменным языком, а их приобщенность к культуре служит, как пра- вило, исходной точкой для параллелей с литературной традицией. Все эти общие особенности трех сюжетов во второй части статьи осмысляются с точ- ки зрения антропологии молчания и с позиции постмодернизма. На основе этого делается вывод, что в изображении феномена молчания все три автора далеки от положений постмо- дернизма, как в антропологическом, так и в эстетическом плане. С одной стороны, в образах молчащих героев возобновляется чуждое для постмодернизма представление о человеке, характерное для христианской и картезианской традиции. С другой стороны, в противовес постмодернистским высказываниям о роли автора литературных произведений, в каждом из трех романов авторская позиция – всезнающая, автор берет на себя задачу смыслопорож- дающего и языкового центра.

In the operation schemes of optical electronic devices (OED), such as digital autocollimators, direction finders, Shack-Hartmann sensors, as well as astro-orientation systems, projection measuring systems, geometric calibration schemes for OED, the photo-detector acts not only as a receiving device, but also as a measuring device. The tasks facing the OED photo-detectors. The solution to the problem is the use of several photo-detectors installed on one electronic board. Since OED photo-detectors act, inter alia, as measuring devices, it is necessary to perform their geometric calibration. Geometric calibration involves the measurement of interior orientation parameters used in the processing of OED images. Geometric calibration makes it possible to eliminate errors in mutual exposure of photo-detectors on one electronic board installed in the focal plane, as well as distortions introduced by the OED lens, primarily by distortion. The correctness of the interior orientation parameter determination is influenced by the relative position of the collimator, with the help of which the geometric calibration is performed, and the calibrated OED itself, i. e. the external orientation elements. The task is to separate the interior orientation parameters and the elements of external orientation. This is achieved using the method of mathematical processing of measured data in the forward and inverted positions of the collimator. This method of geometric calibration allows to use it for geometric calibration of OED with a large number of photo-detectors. The paper presents the results of the geometric calibration of the interior orientation parameters when the collimator projects a test object onto three photo-detectors of the OED layout. The factors influencing on the accuracy of the geometric calibration of the interior orientation elements for OED are determined in the paper. The developed method for geometric calibration of the interior orientation parameters for multi-matrix OED provides high measurement accuracy – not more than 0.1''–0.2''.

Introduction. The main work objective is systematization and analysis of structural defects of vacuum ion-plasma coatings; on this basis, their classification principles are developed and given in the paper. Another important part of the work is the experimental study on one of the specific defects of coatings, which the authors propose to call “defect of substructural origin”. Materials and Methods. PVD coatings of various nitride and metal systems 1.5-9.0 μm thick were used as an object of the research. Coatings were applied in vacuum installations using arc and magnetron evaporators. The research results were obtained by high resolution electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis and indentation. Results. Various types of defects in ion-vacuum coatings are presented as the research results. They include discontinuities, deformation of crystallites, and structural inhomogeneity. The principles of their systematization are validated. It is proposed to classify defects into droplet, substructural, and growth defects (depending on the causes of their nucleation), as well as regular and stochastic ones (depending on their distribution in the coating volume). The study of “substructural defects”, classified by the authors as stochastic, is given special consideration. These micrometric defects are shaped like a cylinder with a conical “head”. Their main axle is oriented perpendicular to the surface of the coating. They can be “extruded” (tore away) by the coating. The paper validates the dislocation mechanism of their nucleation and the helicoid growth principle. Conclusions. The inference is summarized that the proposed systematization of defects in ion-plasma coatings has the character of an intermediate result of research in this scientific area. At this, the “substructural defects” do not have a fatal effect on the structure and properties of the coating due to a small size.

Introduction. Various algorithms for solving fuzzy vehicle routing problems are considered. The work objective was to study modern methods for the optimal solution to fuzzy, random and rough vehicle routing problems. Materials and Methods. The paper reviews fuzzy vehicle routing problems, existing methods and approaches to their solution. The most effective features of some approaches to solving fuzzy vehicle routing problems considering their specificity, are highlighted. Results. The Fuzzy Vehicle Routing Problem (FVRP) occurs whenever the routing data is vague, unclear, or ambiguous. In many cases, these fuzzy elements can better reflect reality. However, it is very difficult to use Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) solving algorithms to solve FVRP since several fundamental properties of deterministic problems are no longer fulfilled in FVRP. Therefore, it is required to introduce new models and algorithms of fuzzy programming to solve such problems. Thus, the use of methods of the theory of fuzzy sets will provide successful simulation of the problems containing elements of uncertainty and subjectivity. Discussion and conclusions. As a result of reviewing various methods and approaches to solving vehicle routing problems, it is concluded that the development and study of new solutions come into sharp focus of researchers nowadays, but the degree of elaboration of various options varies. Methods for the optimal solution of FVRP are limited, in general, to some single fuzzy variable. There is a very limited number of papers that consider a large number of fuzzy variables.

Metro Service has a huge impact on the development of urban transport infrastructure. The need to increase the efficiency of passenger transportation is caused by the rapid growth in passenger turnover as well as an increase in the distance from the outskirts of the city to the center. In connection with the need to develop a metro service network in Minsk city, which is confirmed by research in the area of passenger traffic in the main areas of the city, the CSM Bessac tunnel boring machine was purchased, which allows significantly to increase the speed of tunnel driving. The use of a mechanized tunnel boring machine in the traditional concept of the metro network construction, in which driving of tunnels is carried out after construction of stations, does not allow to use a shield with maximum economic efficiency due to the small extent of tunnels. There is also a need to build assembly-shield chambers and carry out works on disassembling and assembling the shield. The application of the new concept developed by Yu. S. Frolov and called “through driving” is actual in the conditions of the use of a mechanized tunnel boring machine. Its essence lies in the continuous driving of tunnels on the line section under construction and the consecutive construction of each station complex as the tunnel boring machine passes through it. To implement the concept of “through driving”, it is relevant to use a semi-closed construction method, in which the floor structure is constructed in an open way, and the other elements are closed. The available solutions of the metro stations constructed while using a semi-closed method of work have been analyzed in the paper. A detailed analysis has been carried out with due account of the adaptation to the construction conditions in Minsk, and the development of structural elements and assemblies of the platform area of the station, which is a two-cantilever vault with a developed transom part, resting on pile-columns of a circular cross section. Forces from the open ring of flexible tunnels lining are supported by a cantilever part of an arch and a bottom plate. The paper considers a design of a metro station, its main elements, their purpose and specificity of work, as well as optimization issues and the results of the design feasibility study.

Erosion is divided into two stages in accordance with the accepted design scheme for erosion of a soil dam during overflow. The paper deals with the first stage, when the downstream thrust prism is washed out. The key factor in calculating erosion deformations is the choice of the solid flow rate formula. Studies show that the mechanism of formation and transportation of solid runoff during erosion of dam models from sandy oils is very similar to that previously described by many authors for the condition of river channel erosion. The peculiarity of the process is that the erosion occurs at high speeds. Therefore, solid runoff almost immediately goes into a suspended state. To select the required formula, experiments have been carried out on models of dams made of sandy soils having various granulometric composition. It has been established that at high velocities under the considered conditions, the value of the solid waste flow rate depends solely on hydraulic characteristics of the flow. The influence of physical and mechanical properties of the eroded soil on the value of the flow rate of solid runoff is insignificant, and they may not be taken into account. Calculations have been carried out using formulas known from river hydraulics, which show that none of them gives sufficient convergence with experimental data. Based on the analysis of a large number of experimental data, a formula for the discharge of solid runoff for erosion conditions of dam models during overflow has been obtained in the paper. This has taken into account the fact that the dam erosion by the overflow has a high degree of stochasticity and is difficult to describe theoretically. This is especially evident in conditions of spatial erosion, when, simultaneously with the classical erosion of the bottom, the sides of the eroded hole periodically collapse, which is difficult to take into account in the calculations.

Nowadays there are a lot of modern technologies in electronic lexicography: speech synthesis technology, cross-referencing between dictionary modules, spell-checking functions, etc. The increasing availability of online information has necessitated intensive research in the area of automatic text summarization within the Natural Language Processing community. Belarusian scientists are also interested in this sphere and new lexicographical approaches for creating a linguistic database are shown in the paper. The authors present English-Belarusian-Russian electronic dictionary TechLex. This is the project of the 2nd English Department and the Department of Software for Information Systems and Technologies of the Belarusian National Technical University. The linguistic database of the dictionary is compiled not by the traditional method of processing a large number of paper dictionaries and combining the received translations, but by sequential processing of scientific and technical English-language periodicals. While the designing the dictionary the authors have taken into account the analysis of modern electronic multilingual translation dictionaries and created a client-server application in the Java programming language. The client part of the system contains a mobile application for the Android operating system, which has been tested on tablets and smartphones with different screen diagonals. The interface of the TechLex dictionary is designed taking into account the possibility of adding new subject areas and filling them with appropriate lexical material. The main advantage of our dictionary is that it is the first technical multilingual electronic dictionary having a Belarusian version.