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The paper presents the results of studying the impact of using cellular phones and personal computers on the health status of 277 Saratov schoolchildren (mean age 13.2 +/- 2.3 years). About 80% of the adolescents have been ascertained to use cellular phones and computers mainly for game purposes. The active users of cellular phones and computers show a high aggressiveness, anxiety, hostility, and social stress, low stress resistance, and susceptibility to arterial hypotension. The negative influence of cellular phones and computers on the schoolchildren's health increases with the increased duration and frequency of their use.

Described, compared and analyzed in the paper are data about sabilographic computer equipment manufactured serially by the leading foreign and Russian companies. Potential spheres of application of stabilographic equipment are discussed.

The paper provides evidence that while making a hygienic certification of computers it is necessary to rely not only on their physical and technical data, but on the characteristics obtained by defining the integral physiological parameters of the quality of displayed information perception. According the state standards CaH [symbol: see text] 2.2.2.54-96, their hygienic certification requires differential assessment of computers with the age-specific features of users (pre-school and young school children, middle- and old-aged schoolchildren, adults). It is proposed that CaH [symbol: see text] 2.2.2.54-96 should be supplemented by a regulation on choice of special working places with appropriate protective devices for the children of a risk group.

The paper considers one of the ways of solving the problems arising from the design of up-to-date monitoring systems. It describes a Karmon 01M multifunctional fixed monitor manufactured by SEM (Systems of Electronics and Medicine), which may include as many as three randomly chosen modules and replace software for new versions.

The paper deals with some experience in the programmed control of students' knowledge by constructed tests of the 2nd level using computers. According to the authors this method facilitates the development of independent logical students' thinking.

Presented in the paper is the microcomputer based on the KP580 microprocessor set. Debugging of the hardware and the software by using the unique debugging stand developed on the basis of microcomputer "Electronica-60" is discussed.

The paper is concerned with the results of the automation of renogram storage and processing. The computer system 15 VUMS-28 (on the basis of the ELEKTRONIKA-60 computer) fitted out with storage on the magnetic tape (KML) AZII-4, two 3-channel renographs (NP-356 and NP-307), manufactured in Hungary, and a plotter N-306 were interfaced by means of the KAMAK apparatus. The REN-1 program in the QUASIC language ensuring simultaneous storage and processing of renograms from two renographs was developed. The maximum time (Tmax) and semiexcretion time (T 1/2) as well as a system of indicators based on a linear chamber model of hippuran transport were used for analysis of renograms.

The paper is concerned with the results of the use of the Electronika NMS 01900.1 microcomputer manufactured in the USSR for teaching clinical endocrinology. Owing to its small dimensions, simple maintenance and sufficiently vast computing potentialities it can be widely used for teaching. A program with broad functional possibilities was prepared permitting students to objectivize their knowledge in clinical endocrinology. Fast automated test control of knowledge raises the efficacy of teaching many times.

Presented in the paper is an automated system for original examinations of population in a typical outpatient clinic. Main functional parameters and specifications are given. The system is capable of managing the data basis for the region with population of 50 000 inhabitants.

The paper analyses results of complex ophthalmic ergonomic examinations in 135 women occupied in assembling computer memory elements on ferrites--a work of the highest accuracy degree. It was found that in 2/3 of all the subjects, myopia was connected with the work in the shop. In almost 50% of cases, the work leads to complaints of asthenopic character. It is proved that in this kind of work asthenopia is connected with the weakening of the accommodation system of the eye.

The paper treats of the method of obtaining special and generalized indices on the computer M-222 to be used for the analysis of infectious morbidity under the automatic control system conditions. Assessment of significance of the differences between the actual number of diseases and the "usual" morbidity level characteristic of the given territory and the time of the year lies at the basis of the calculation of the standardized indices. Complex evaluation of the epidemiological condition of the controlled district was carried out according to the data of the official monthly and annual sanitary-epidemiological report forms No. 85.

Computers are coming into practical use by pathologists. The computer hardware and software are briefly outlined. The software is discussed while drawing up protocols on the examination of biopsies, operative materials and autopsies. A special attention is given to the SNOP and SNOMED coding of diagnoses. How to operate on a computer is described in the paper. The latter provides evidence for applying the computer to the formulation of laboratory documents.

The paper is concerned with a method of the choice of an optimum criterion of difference with regard to the law of the distribution of samples, degree of their correlation and the limits of application of the criterion. Student's t-criterion is usually used for comparison. Examples are cited to the effect that the formal use of Student's t-criterion disregarding the limits of its applicability can sometimes result in errors in statistical conclusions. The authors give an algorithm to process the results with the help of a small-size computer.

The paper contains a brief review of the studies involving application of computers, carried out at the Institute of Molecular Biology (investigation of the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids; modelling of the DNA-ligand interactions; analysis of the spectral data of different types: electron paramagnetic resonance, magnetic circular dichroism, absorption and fluorescence spectra; analysis of the thin-layer samples labelled by radioactive elements; chromosome analysis).

The paper is concerned with a detailed description of an algorithm for picturing functional imaging of the kidneys based on the calculation of parenchymal transport time (PTT). The authors discuss the results obtained in a group of patients aged 4 to 14 with conditional normal indices. The method permits quantitative and qualitative assessment of the function of the minimum amount of nephrons of each kidney and facilitates an analysis of gamma scintigraphy results. Clinical importance of the method is discussed.

By means of computer simulation, the dynamic structure of labeled mitoses curve (LMC) has been investigated. Experiments using computer demonstrated the dependence of LMC form not only on the values of temporal parameters of the mitotic cycle, but also on the state of cell proliferation kinetics before and after pulse labeling. Of particular interest was a case of a temporal block of cell entry into the S period which has been studied in a greater detail. The results of modelling experiments have shown that the universally accepted graphic procedures for the evaluation of mean durations of S- and G2-periods (using 50%-level of LMC) yield the satisfactory estimates only for systems with stationary age distribution for cells in the mitotic cycle (steady, in the strict sense, and exponential states of cell proliferation kinetics). The paper presents also the kinetic interpretation of certain abnormalities in LMC form arising from some peculiarities of cell population kinetics in the real biological experiment.

The determination of the relative blood flow in organs is sometimes of greater diagnostic importance than the estimation of respective absolute indices. A detailed analysis of indispensable mathematical calculations is presented. The authors propose an algorithm and optimum sequence of calculations of relative organ perfusion using computer. The paper can be of wide applied importance.

The paper is concerned with an algorithm of a program for pulmonoscintigram processing. The program developed in the algorithmic languages Basic and Assembler on the basis of this algorithm, made it possible to facilitate the data processing, to lower a physician's competence as a computer operator, to raise the objectivity of diagnosis of pulmonary diseases, etc. The program is intended for computers Vip-450, Vip-550 and MCS-560, Technicare, USA.