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Introduction and purpose A pilonidal cyst also known as a pilondial sinus, is an inflammatory condition that occurs in the intergluteal region, which can lead to serious infections. It most commonly affects young men, with risk factors including the presence of hair in this area, excessive sweating, obesity, and poor hygiene. Symptoms include a lump, pain, and purulent discharge from openings in the skin. Diagnosis involves taking a medical history, a physical examination, and often an ultrasound. The aim of this paper is to present and compare the available methods for treating pilonidal cysts. Materials and methods Literature available in PubMed databases were reviewed using the following keywords: ‘’Pilonidal cyst’’, ‘’Hair cyst’’, ‘’Abscess’’, ‘’Treatment of pilonidal cyst’’,’’ Bascom II method’’,’’ Limberg flap’’,’’ Suchorski technique’’, ‘’V-Y or Z skin flap reconstruction’’,’’ the Karadakis’’ Results The available treatment methods can be divided into conservative and invasive approaches. Conservative methods include hair removal and improved hygiene. Among the surgical methods, there are traditional excision techniques and modern methods such as excision using the Bascom II method, Limberg flap, Suchorski technique, or V-Y or Z skin flap reconstruction. The Karadakis method, which involves shifting a skin flap, is particularly effective for obese patients. Conclusion Treatment of pilonidal cysts depends on the stage and symptoms. Abscesses require urgent surgical intervention, while asymptomatic cysts can be treated conservatively or surgically.

The requirement to submit and publish scientific articles in indexed journals has become a part and parcel of life in academia. Although Russian scientists are becoming more visible in the world of science due to their research achievements, they are not sufficiently recognised by a wide audience for several reasons. In this study, we scrutinize the published papers of Russian researchers working in the domains of social sciences and humanities. We aim at investigating the logic and organisation of such publications to see how the articles correspond to the meta-requirements established by the international academia. To achieve the goal we have analysed the logic and organisation of 55 published articles from the Russian scientometric database e-Library. The results emphasise that most Russian researchers do not follow the IMRaD format accepted by the majority of international journals. As a result, such articles have minimal chances to be accepted by international editors. This is not surprising, as unclear structure means lack of readability and, consequently, loss of readers accustomed to a certain article format. This situation causes concerns because Russian scientists do have a lot to say to the world of science.

The article raises the problem concerning such an important element of student’s research work as accounting and publishing its results. The modern era of digital technology not only makes high demands to the content of student research papers, but also opens opportunities to create a new system of registration and publication. The article explains the importance of assessment of individual student achievements in scientific research.

This article is the result of a two-hour workshop given to new faculty attending the International Scientific School on Engineering Education for New Industrialization held in Kazan, Tatarstan from September 23–28, 2013. The goal of the workshop was to help faculty who are interested in publishing in English at conferences. The workshop had three parts: selecting the best venue, creating an interesting title and writing a good abstract.

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central Asian Economic Review is the property of Narxoz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research of cooperative learning is deeply rooted in the framework of the social interdependence theory which postulates that groups are formed in such a way as to ensure positive internal interdependence that enables students to accomplish tasks successfully. The paper elaborates on the need for the development of a comprehensive instrument which will measure, in a valid and reliable way, the representation of the bacic components of cooperative learning in primary schools. The design procedure and results of the validation of the scale for measuring the representation of the Basic Components of the Structure of Cooperative Learning (acronym BCS-SCL) are presented in the paper. The research was conducted on a sample of 516 primary school pupils in Serbia, from Rasina and Pomoravlje districts. In line with the presented theoretical framework, the results of the analysis of the main components showed that the BCS-SCL scale consists of five dimensions: (1) practicing social skills, (2) group processing, (3) face-to-face promotive interaction, (4) positive interdependence and (5) establishment of individual accountability. The results of the analyses show that BCS-SCL scale has a high internal consistency, which makes it a reliable instrument for measuring the representation of the basic components of the structure of cooperative learning in the classroom. The instrument is economical (53 items), relatively easy to use, and intended for investigating primary school pupils’ attitudes.

This paper explores the application of the flipped classroom model within a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) geology course at a university level. The study examines the possibility of changing language-learning habits for students with mixed language abilities. It examines the learning outcomes and test performance of students using the flipped classroom model, comparing these results with those from traditional lecture-based instruction and a combined approach. The paper is structured as follows: The introduction is followed by a section defining the flipped learning model and providing a theoretical background. Next, it discusses both the potential benefits and drawbacks of the flipped model. Subsequently, the paper details its implementation in a specific geology classroom setting. The final section outlines the research methodology, objectives, and findings. The results show that the flipped classroom model holds valid potential for successful implementation if proper preparations are completed. Finally, given the complexity of both the flipped method and CLIL, the application of the flipped method is best initiated with first-year students. Our findings confirm that the flipped model can be successfully applied in the primary stages of university education.

The paper deals with an innovative methodological approach in learning a second foreign language, in this case the German language. The approach has been developed on the basis of the similarity of the system of rules in grammar with mathematical patterns and it is supported by the principles of the theory of Generative Grammar. The goal of the paper is to show the application of mathematical rules in the German language learning, as a way of how these rules can improve the teaching and learning of German as a foreign language. Mathematics as a universal language is related to and corresponds to the definition of language, as mathematics and language require abstract thinking, use logical patterns, and have defined rules. Accordingly, certain similar or the same mathematical rules and patterns were registered in different segments of the language: in vocabulary, semantics, grammar, syntax, and discourse. The established models of patterns significantly contribute to the improvement of teaching and learning German as a foreign language by presenting the ways by which not only the semantic rules of the sentences, but also other grammar rules in a foreign language can be adopted, as well as logical and learning strategies and techniques.

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the epistemological approaches employed by Georgian researchers in the field of Political Science over the past five years. It is grounded in an initial, generalized study of a topic that has been largely overlooked by both local and international scholars. Through a review of the literature and an analysis of the research conducted by leading local scientists, the paper posits that there are no well-established or deeply rooted political schools of thought in Georgia, as traditionally understood, due to the country’s Soviet past. As a result, universities and the entire field of Political Science are products of the democracy proliferation reforms.These reforms were implemented with strong support from Western strategic allies, particularly the United States and the European Union. Currently, the field is heavily influenced by dominant Western theories of Political Science and International Relations, such as liberalism, neoliberalism, and liberal institutionalism. Moreover, the discipline is inherently oriented toward Civic Education, with a primary focus on democracy promotion rather than critical studies. Georgian scholars tend to research topics and apply theories that align with mainstream Western narratives. This tendency is significantly influenced by financial and logistical dependence on Western grants and scholarships.

Based on the contradiction between the infinite demand of trade activities and the limited nature of environmental resources, this paper explores the coordinated development path of international trade activities and ecological environment from the perspective of law and policy. The ecological environment referred to in this paper is primarily concerned with environmental factors, particularly environmental pollution. First of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of international trade and the ecological environment, and it focuses on China. On this basis, the relationship between trade activities and ecological environment and the nature of the conflict between the two are explored. This paper holds that there is a dialectical unity relationship between the two, and the essence of the conflict between the two lies in the conflict between economic interests and environmental public welfare. Secondly, this paper examines and analyzes the current policies related to international trade and environment and resources, including multilateral principles, WTO rules and regional trade agreements, and focuses on the development trend of current environmental policies and trade policies, and the formulation of relevant trade policies increasingly focuses on environmental protection. Finally, in order to strengthen the coordination between the two and achieve a win-win situation between sustainable economic development and environmental protection, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions, such as continuously promoting the integration of trade policy and environmental policy, advocating green trade, and drawing on existing excellent experience.

The author describes and examines the concept of learning in the classical writings of the Confucian school of thought, primarily in the so-called “Four Books” canon: Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Great Learning, and the Doctrine of the Mean. These compilations of sayings and teachings of Confucius and his successors contain the descriptions of learning as the best way toward personal and societal harmony, given that the learning process is identical to ethical development. Therefore, the author first reviews the most significant educational principles of Confucian classics, emphasizing the achievement of virtues as its goal. Another important aspect of the early Confucian classics is the claim that education should be available to all members of society, which led to the establishment of the so-called imperial examination system in the Han Dynasty. The second part of the paper contains a review of this practice and its reforms, especially during the Song Dynasty. Due to Zhu Xi’s efforts, Confucian learning became the process of self-cultivation, the entirety of education in China was based on the Four Books, and Confucian academies became the centers of the higher humanistic learning, emphasizing the development of critical mind. However, Confucianism and its system of education were harshly criticized and oppressed during most of the 20th century, which is the main topic of the third part of the paper. The author then examines the reasons for the Confucian revival in China, which was primarily influenced by the economic development of the countries such as Singapore, Japan, and South Korea – all of which kept the Confucian values and moral education. The implications of the Confucian revival and subsequent economic success of China have potential global significance, even in the Western societies, and the author points to the possibility of a similar combination of traditional moral learning and modern education in the Serbian context as a good way for overcoming what both Confucian and some Christian thinkers termed “the decadence” of materialism.

The paper examines the place of the Dictionary of the Serbian Language (Matica srpska, 2007/2011/2018) among the normative manuals that support Serbian literary and linguistic norm. In addition to orthography manuals (Pravopis srpskog jezika, Matica srpska, 2010) and grammar (Normativna gramatika, Piper et al.), it considers descriptive monolingual dictionaries of the literary/standard language, such as the six-volume dictionary MS/MH (1967–1976), and the one-volume Dictionary of the Serbian Language (MS, 2007/2011/2018). For the purposes of the paper, several dictionary determinants/lemmas were selected in the dictionary article which include grammemes and grammatical characteristics that are part of the literary-linguistic norm, namely gender, number, morphological and morphonological forms, etc. The aim of the research was to determine which grammatical features are highlighted in the Dictionary of the Serbian Language and whether they are aligned with the grammar and orthography norms, and how these features can be pointed out in the teaching of the Serbian language at the school and university level.

Programming is a digital competence necessary for life in the 21st century. In recent decades, education systems around the world have redefined curricula to include programming as a standalone subject or integrated into other subjects, from an early age. In addition to formal education, programming is also taught in non-formal educational contexts (NEC) and the use of educational robots is becoming more common. The aim of this paper is to familiarize with the advantages and challenges of using Sphero robots (BB-8 and SPRK+) in teaching visual programming in the NEC and to formulate practical implications. The research was conducted as a part of the Learning for the 21st Century project in 17 cities in Serbia. The quantitative research included 677 students (Mage = 12.16; SD = 1.10), and the qualitative 42 students and 5 workshop leaders. Descriptive quantitative and qualitative, thematic analysis was applied. The results show that using robots has additional educational and motivational value in the process of teaching visual programming and algorithmic thinking. From the point of view of the students and workshop leaders, the NEC has a number of advantages compared to traditional teaching of programming: learning through play, experiential learning, creativity and initiative of participants, insight that programming can be interesting, even though it is “hard”. Challenges are formulated in the paper, as well as practical recommendations for teaching practice.

Copyright of Bylye Gody is the property of Cherkas Global University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Educational Sciences (2520-2634) is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in developed countries. It also occurs in men. The primary therapy for these cancers is surgery; chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy are also used. More and better treatments are being sought for this disease. The use of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer has shown good results, so in this article we have done a review of the results of various studies on this topic. [1] In this review, the results of studies on the use of various PARP inhibitors in breast cancer of different hormonal status are presented. Purpose This article aims to give you an overview of the trials that have looked at the effects of different PARP inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer. PARP inhibitors are a relatively new cancer therapy with good results, so it is important to pay attention. State of Knowledge In this article, I used the PubMed database and considered papers from the last 15 years, but most of the information in this review comes from papers published after 2020. I have also taken into account the recommendations of the FDA and the European Medicines Agency on the use of PARP inhibitors. Conclusions PARP inhibitors have shown significant effects on breast cancer outcomes. The differences in outcomes depending on the type of cancer, the PARP inhibitor used, and the previous therapies used in a given patient tell us how important it is to individualize therapy in oncology. The findings of the studies presented in this review also point to the need for further research that could focus on identifying patients who may best benefit from treatment with PARP inhibitors, as well as studying synergistic effects in combination with other forms of therapy, such as immunotherapy or chemotherapy. The changes in treatment outcomes that these drugs can bring underscore the importance of exploring new therapeutic strategies in oncology.

This paper aims to review current research on the ketogenic diet as a potential therapeutic approach for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This diet is characterized by high fat intake, moderate protein, and minimal carbohydrates, leading to a state of ketosis in which the body utilizes ketone bodies as its primary energy source. Studies indicate that the ketogenic diet may positively influence blood glucose control, enhance insulin sensitivity, and facilitate weight reduction, particularly relevant in the context of insulin resistance. The paper discusses the biological mechanisms underlying these effects, as well as potential risks associated with long-term adherence to the diet. It underscores that, despite promising results, further research is necessary to better understand the long-term effects of the ketogenic diet and its applicability across various patient populations. Conclusions highlight the need for patient monitoring during the dietary regimen and the potential for integrating the ketogenic diet into a broader strategy for managing metabolic diseases

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a significant cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is defined as excessive bleeding, typically more than 500 ml of blood loss within the first 24 hours after childbirth. The Bakri Balloon technique has emerged as a promising solution for managing PPH, offering a minimally invasive approach to achieving hemostasis and preventing the need for more invasive surgical procedures. Aims: The aim of this paper review is to provide an overview of the effectiveness of intrauterine balloon tamponade in managing PPH. Methods: We conducted this paper review by selecting articles, retrospective cohort studies and reviews from clinical trials from PubMed. Results: Numerous studies have shown high success rates of treating PPH using The Bakri Balloon intrauterine tamponade. Conclusions: The Bakri Balloon intrauterine tamponade is an effective method in the management of primary postpartum hemorrhage.

This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of project-based learning in teaching English for specific purposes, particularly in technical universities within the energy sector. A number of methods helped to achieve this task. They include establishing the practical value of ESP for the energy sector and designing special methodology and training forms according to the tasks of the discipline. Our approach focuses on developing language skills by applying speaking abilities in practice in real-life situations that can facilitate learning English in a professional context. In this article, we examine two crucial components of project work: role-play and case study. These activities facilitate collaboration, communication, and problem-solving skills. Such kinds of projects help students expand their vocabulary and reinforce its usage in spoken English. Furthermore, presenting their findings and conclusions before their peers and teachers enhances their public speaking and presentation abilities. This paper advocates the use of project-based learning as a powerful tool for creating an immersive and meaningful language-learning experience. It showcases practical scenarios that students can simulate to enhance their learning experience. It also delves into the essential guidelines to ensure the success of this immersive teaching approach. In this paper, we provide a specific case study tailored for students in the energy sector, namely wind power integration in Ukraine. We detail the key stages of the implementation, the aims, and the critical highlights of this methodology. In the initial phase, the instructor should familiarize the students with new vocabulary and terminologies that are relevant to the renewable energy domain. It is recommended that students use industry-specific language in their discussions to augment their comprehension of the domain. This approach will help them build a solid foundation of the terminologies and lingo that are commonly employed in the renewable energy sector. The assignment objective is to provide a detailed and comprehensive overview of wind power as a renewable energy source in Ukraine, its prospects, and its feasibility. To accomplish this task, students must explore the intricacies of the project’s technological challenges, as well as its economic impact and public perception. Furthermore, students must analyse communication strategies that have been utilized to influence public opinion, while considering the potential environmental impacts and anticipating sustainability project outcomes. For students to excel in this assignment, they must conduct thorough research and thoughtfully organize their findings. They must also evaluate all options, consider potential solutions, and justify their choices. Finally, students will be required to present their findings to the class in a polished and engaging manner. The presentation is expected to finish with group discussions. Following presentations and group discussions, students are encouraged to provide constructive feedback to their peers. This activity not only enhances their speaking skills but also promotes active listening and develops communication skills. In conclusion, to augment project work, elements such as role-play and case study methods can be integrated into ESP learning. Conclusions. This approach provides students in the energy sector with valuable insights into the challenges and dynamics of their industry while simultaneously enhancing their speaking skills. Teachers can supplement project work with multimedia resources such as videos, interviews, or documentaries related to the energy sector, which can add variety to the learning process and expose students to different accents and communication styles.

Introduction. The issue of lexical redundancy in academic writing remains crucial. Research based on Russian-language corpora is vital for the development of effective targeted academic writing courses that meet the unique needs of universities. This paper aims to identify factors through examples of wordiness in the Conclusion sections of theses to alter the design of courses broadening academic writing skills to fight against textual redundancy at various educational levels. Materials and Methods. A corpus of 72 theses across three educational levels (Bachelor’s, Master’s, and Candidate degrees) was analyzed. We selected theses from the repositories of the HSE University and Moscow City University. We focused on Conclusion section due to its highest level of conciseness: textual redundancy critically impacts its effectiveness. The analysis included a comprehensive procedure of raw data extraction, coding, conceptualization during iterative discussions, and classification according to Brohaugh’s taxonomy. Results. “Invisible” type of wordiness is a prevalent issue in academic writing across all levels of education. Such types as “overkill”, “weak-kneed” and “empty” occur more frequently in research in Master’s and Candidate’s theses. The need to comprehend the reasons behind the use of different types of wordiness and their impact on readability is stressed. Candidate’s theses are wordier despite the expectation of a higher level of academic writing skills at this level. Discussion and Conclusion. The study highlights the systemic role of academic writing courses at all educational levels in reducing text wordiness. Despite our expectations of advanced writing skills in Candidate’s theses, their high level of wordiness indicates the need for developing effective academic writing strategies. It is crucial to implement a personalized approach to academic writing instruction, considering the specific needs and challenges of each educational level, to create more concise academic texts. The paper provides insights into approaches to designing academic writing courses.

The paper presents the results of a study aimed to investigate the correlations between oculomotor reading behavior and self-report data of Russian high school students on their practice of using metacognitive strategies. It was found that high school students tended to use problem-solving reading strategies, while seldom using supportive reading strategies. Differences in the use of metacognitive strategies were found between schools that emphasized differently the development of reading competence in middle school. The findings suggested that there were differences in oculomotor measures across groups with varying levels of metacognitive strategy use. The paper outlines possible directions for further research on this topic.

The subject of the research in the paper is academic ethics in the professional relationships of university teachers. The final results are presented on the basis of in-depth interviews with representatives of the academic staff of Russian universities (N=35). The purpose of the paper is to show how academic ethics as a value-normative phenomenon supports the professional relationships of academic staff at the university and forms certain values that ensure the effectiveness of the scientific and educational process. In this interpretation, the emphasis is placed on identifying the creative potential of academic ethics, its impact on the scientific and educational process at the university in terms of professional interaction of its main subjects. An assessment of the structure and content of academic ethics is given. It is established that academic ethics, being an element of academism in the higher education system, influences the formation of value-normative attitudes of respect and recognition. In addition, the importance of this phenomenon for the strategic development of the university and at the same time the preservation of academic traditions is revealed. The article also summarizes the assessments of the state of academic ethics at universities formulated by informants. In such assessments, value-semantic reflection prevails, which makes it possible to identify academic ethics as a factor of effective professional interaction between subjects of the educational process in order to achieve joint goals for the formation of their value world and professional knowledge and skills.

Introduction and objective Osteoporosis is a disorder that leads to a decrease in bone mass, accompanied by a disruption in bone structure, resulting in an increased risk of bone fractures. It affects a large number of people worldwide and constitutes a significant social and economic problem. It primarily affects older individuals, especially postmenopausal women. Fractures associated with osteoporosis diminish the quality of life. Osteoporosis often remains asymptomatic and is difficult to diagnose, typically identified incidentally following a low-energy fracture. Diagnosis of osteoporosis involves measuring bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Osteoporosis is diagnosed when bone mineral density is found to be more than 2.5 standard deviations (SD) below the mean bone mineral density of healthy young adults with peak bone mass. Modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis include lack of physical activity, calcium deficiency in the diet, and alcohol consumption. Review methods The article was based on scientific papers retrieved from the PubMed website and scientific literature. The focus was on papers from 2016 to 2024. Articles written in English were utilized. Brief description of the state of knowledge Physical activity encompasses any muscular movement that increases energy expenditure beyond the resting metabolic rate, including weight-bearing exercises, strength training, high-intensity strength exercises, and balance and mobility training. Weight-bearing exercises yield the best results in osteoporosis prevention, recommended to be performed three times a week. Summary Physical activity is a scientifically proven preventive factor against osteoporosis, reducing the frequency of falls and increasing bone mineral density. Initiating physical activity at a young age yields significant benefits for bone strength.

The theory of academic exchanges emphasises the importance of international cooperation to improve the quality of education, stimulate innovation and promote cultural diversity. China and Russia are two major world powers with rich history and culture. The exchange of international students between the countries is an important aspect of the friendly format of cooperation in higher education. During such exchange, students can improve their foreign language skills, enrich their personal life experience, ensure high competitiveness in employment, and expand their knowledge and skills in the field of their profession. This paper analyses the current situation and predicts future directions of educational exchange through various prisms, including the experience of academic student exchange between universities in the two countries. It analyses the attitudes of Chinese students studying at SPbSU towards higher education in Russia. The author notes that academic exchanges and foreign learning experiences provide opportunities for international students to broaden their horizons and fulfil their emotional needs in study and life. Students from both countries have the opportunity to immerse themselves in a different cultural and academic environment, improve their intercultural communication skills and broaden their global perspectives. It also focuses on the opinion of Chinese students about the quality of higher education in Russia. Academic exchanges of students are of great importance for the state, as they act as instruments of forming «soft power» in another country, strengthen diplomatic relations between countries, form a positive image of the state, attract investments, etc. Thus, academic exchanges are a way for countries to develop cooperation at various levels - from educational to economic. Thus, academic exchanges are a way for countries to develop co-operation at various levels - from educational to economic. Purpose. To investigate the current state of the concept of academic student exchange between China and Russia, to study the significance of this international co-operation for the development of the higher education system. Methodology. The paper uses collection and analysis of information sources, historical method, comparison and generalisation, survey with the help of the author's questionnaire. SPSS Statistics 23 software is used to analyse empirical data. Results. The result of the work is the identification of the peculiarities of the sphere of academic exchange of students between China and Russia, the determination of the importance of this cooperation for the development of the higher education system at the international level. The author concludes that cooperation in the development of innovations in key areas of education contributes to the smoothing of cultural differences between the countries, and expands opportunities for students of both countries in higher education. Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in the educational sphere of international cooperation. Teachers and specialists involved in planning the educational process in the university sphere have the opportunity to create an innovative approach to improve the academic exchange programme for students, taking into account the socio-cultural criteria analysed in the article.

The main goal of this paper is to contribute to an overall understanding of the phenomenon of globalisation of higher education. Given that in our country the globalisation of higher education has been approached without attempting to provide a more comprehensive definition of the phenomenon, in the first part of the paper, the basic elements and domains that provide the basis for a more complete definition of the globalisation of higher education will be listed and a difference will be made in relation to similar phenomena, such as internationalisation and Europeanisation. Apart from a more comprehensive understanding of globalisation by pointing out its epistemological foundations in the papers from the end of the 20th century, which the domestic scientific public did not pay enough attention to, the paper also provides an overview of approaches to the study of the impact of globalisation on higher education, both the initial ones, which were developed by international organisations, and the academic ones, which enabled a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of globalisation of higher education. By contributing to a more comprehensive definition of the observed phenomenon, in this paper we intend to contribute to a broader understanding of the phenomenon of globalisation relative to the current view in which globalisation is understood as a modern phenomenon and its impact on higher education is observed after a certain period in which it supposedly arises. The paper affirms the claim that globalisation is just a new name for a phenomenon that has existed in modern civilisation for much longer than the end of the 20th century, and the expansion of higher education contributed to its genesis.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the concept and model of parental involvement in the research on students’ educational achievement. The concept of parental involvement arose in the field of educational policies of the English-speaking countries and market-oriented education systems. Research has shown that different forms of parental involvement have significant effects on school learning outcomes. The Coleman Report in the US and the policy of “educational parentocracy” in the UK significantly stimulated research in this area. The review of the relevant literature confirms the multidimensionalityof the concept of parental involvement which includes parental support for school learning at home and at school, as well as structural and relational aspects. The paper presents two most prominent models of parental involvement in children’s education – the model of overlapping spheres of influence and the so-called DNA or dual navigation model. In the concluding section of the paper, the authors state that the existing conceptualizations and models of parental involvement include different types of parental activities, which is important for the creation and evaluation of school programs of parental involvement. As a consequence of the dominance of the Anglo-American conceptual and research framework, on the one hand, an interdisciplinary approach in the field of research on parental involvement in children’s education is highlighted. On the other hand, an authentic pedagogical view of the goals and effects of parental involvement in education as a subject of study of autonomous science in the tradition of continental Europe has been neglected. It is expected that future research will reaffirm those aspects of education that make it precisely “educational”. Relying on pedagogical principles and goals of education in building family-school relationships is a missing link in the existing agenda of global education policy.

The goal of this paper is to determine the degree and direction of the correlation between the self-evaluation of the fifth-grade elementary school students and their success in the classroom. The paper presents the results of the research on students’ self-evaluation and their success in the classroom obtained on a sample of 208 fifth-grade elementary school students from the territory of the city of Banja Luka. An assessment scale was used for the purposes of the research and knowledge tests for the school subjects Serbian Language and Science and Social Studies were prepared. In line with the character of the research, the method of theoretical analysis and synthesis, the survey research method, and the analytical-descriptive method were applied. The results obtained using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient confirmed that students’ self-evaluation is significantly related to their general success at the end of the first term of the fifth grade of elementary school, their success at the end of the first semester in the subjects Serbian Language and Science and Social Studies, and achievements on the knowledge tests for the same school subjects. The obtained results indicate the importance of introducing student self-evaluation in the educational process in the field of achieving better results at school. However, the fact that self-evaluation is not sufficiently represented in our schools is a downside of this research, indicating a need for additional study and research of student self-evaluation, followed by its systematic introduction into educational practice.

The national project in the field of education at the present moment of time is being developed together with the projects aimed at the development of the health care system, housing construction and agriculture. Modern national projects are a tool that aims to achieve the most important goals of state development. The main purpose of writing this paper is to determine the main characteristics of the national project «Education» on the territory of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study is analysis and synthesis, economic< statistical and graphical methods. The result of the study reflects the essence of the national project «Education» in the Russian Federation, defines its key areas and targets, expected results from the implementation. The education system is a unique social institution designed to improve human potential, create new ideas, goals, solve various levels of complexity of tasks — these positions form both the social future and the future of each individual and citizen. In the modern world every person should have humanity, justice, morality, kindness and courtesy, it is the education system that will help to realize and develop these functions.The National Project «Education» helps to form uniform conditions for education among all territorial subjects of the Russian Federation, helps to introduce new management mechanisms.The paper also analyzes the main results of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the implementation of the national project, identifies problems and offers recommendations for their solution.

Quality concept, due to its multifaceted and polyfunctional nature, is in use in different areas. The term started its way in the field of higher education in 1980s, but numerous discussions on how to define it have been ongoing ever since. Considering rapid growth of online practices in universities and the fact that there is still no conventional system of quality assurance and evaluation for online mode, the aforementioned problems are becoming even more topical. In the article with an aim to grasp meaning of quality online, its theoretical and practical levels are correlated. Papers summarizing traditional approaches to rethinking quality concept in higher education and tools of practical work with quality in online and offline modes are selected as a basis for analysis. A transition from dissipated definitions into the systems of their aggregation is traced. Elements of quality understanding in offline mode potentially applicable to online are identified. The main differences between categories of quality assurance in online and offline are outlined, along with the mechanisms of their portability from one mode to another. Basing on the analysis conducted, an approach of working with quality of university online programmes synchronizing theoretical and practical levels is offered. This paper may be of interest for researchers in the field of higher education and university managers, whose interests concern questions of internal quality assurance and quality culture.

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Introduction: Herbal medicine has been growing in popularity over the last few years. One of the most often used herbal remedy is Withania somnifera, more widely known as Ashwagandha Now known for its anti-stress, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-anxiety properties it ranks as a cure-all. However, there is a rising amount of alarming reports regarding its safety. It has been observed that its effects are not always beneficial, and for some patients the risks of taking it may be greater than the promoted benefits. Aim of study: The aim of this paper is to evaluate possible risks connected to Withania Somnifera consumption based on available research articles and case reports. Materials and methods: This article is based on the literature found in the PubMed Database from the period of 2004-2024 with the use of keywords such as “Ashwagandha”; “Withania Somnifera”, “herbal medicine”;”complementary medicine”;“liver injury”; “thyrotoxicosis”; “adrenal insufficiency”;”autoimmune diseases”. Results: The outcomes of all the reviewed studies in this paper indicate that Withania Somnifera might cause a wide range of side effects. They include herb induced liver injury, endocrine complications such as thyrotoxicosis and adrenal insufficiency, acute graft rejection in a kidney transplant recipient and possible contribution to the onset of new autoimmune disease in patient with the history of autoimmune disorders. Conclusion: Further long-term research is needed on the Ashwaghanda’s benefits but particularly on its safety and potential side effects. The common education on the risks of taking herbal supplements should be carried out among health professionals and the rest of the society. Ashwagandha should not be used by patients with liver, endocrine and autoimmune disorders as well as transplant recipients.

Introduction and purpose Acne is one of the most common dermatological conditions, especially in adolescents. The etiology of acne is complex, and many factors influence the formation of lesions. Local inflammation, a proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, hormonal influences with particular importance of androgens, hyperkeratinization, and excessive sebum production are essential in the pathogenesis. The factors stimulating these processes are complex and not always clear. Therefore, in our work, we focused on investigating the connection between a high-glycemic diet and the formation of acne lesions. The state of knowledge The link between diet and acne has been only mentioned in the literature for many years. However, the development of science has made it possible to understand the exact pathogenesis of acne and the relationship of acne lesions to specific dietary components. Of all the diet products, a high glycemic index diet stands out as the one with the most significant impact. Foods with a high glycemic index, i.e. those with a high amount of simple sugars, through an increase in the expression of factors such as insulin, IGF-1 cause excessive sebum production in the sebaceous glands and even an increase in inflammatory infiltration, which further exacerbates acne lesions. In the following review paper, we have looked at the metabolic pathways and hormonal changes that link the consumption of high glycemic index foods to the formation of acne lesions and described several original papers that unequivocally demonstrate the critical role of this diet on acne formation. Summary Based on the literature, we emphasize that in acne treatment, it is necessary not only to focus on medications but, above all, to look at the patient holistically, modifying the lifestyle with particular importance on modifying the patient's diet by lowering its glycemic index.

Introduction: Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic disease involving peripheral arthritis, spondylitis, dactylitis (inflammation of the whole digit) and enthesitis. It is a disease equally prevalent in both genders. Psoriatic arthritis coexists with several conditions, including metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver disease. The reciprocal effects of comorbidities with psoriatic arthritis are demonstrated by recent research. There are several risk factors associated with the condition that might hasten or worsen its symptoms. Aim of the Study: The purpose of this paper is to present a thorough analysis of the research that has been done on comorbidities and risk factors for psoriatic arthritis. With an emphasis on changeable elements that might impact the disease's progression, the goal is to illustrate the multifaceted nature of psoriatic arthritis. The intention is also to highlight comorbidities that need to be considered while treating a patient with the illness. Materials and methods: An analysis of papers available in PubMed and Google Scholar was performed using the following key words: psoriatic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and lifestyle, psoriatic arthritis and comorbidities, psoriatic arthritis and cardiovascular risk, psoriatic arthritis and gastrointestinal diseases, psoriatic arthritis and physical activity, psoriatic arthritis and diet, psoriatic arthritis and alcohol, psoriatic arthritis and smoking. Conclusions: Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic disease that affects many areas of patients' lives. It is critical to consider the connections that exist between this illness and other comorbidities. In order to provide a patient with this ailment with the best care possible, variables that might exacerbate the illness's progression must also be taken into consideration. Patients' mental health should get particular attention, and lifestyle modifications should be promoted.

Introduction The rising prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has prompted concerns regarding its potential health implications. While much attention has focused on respiratory and cardiovascular effects, injuries, oral trauma, and bone fractures linked to e-cigarette use have received less scrutiny. This paper aims to comprehensively review the landscape of injuries, oral trauma, and bone fractures induced by e-cigarettes, shedding light on this underexplored facet of e-cigarette-related harm. Material and Methods This literature review has analyzed 16 papers. Inclusion criteria: researches and case reports published after 2015. PubMed and Google Scholar has been searched to identify the papers. Analysis of the Literature Existing literature suggests a growing incidence of injuries, oral trauma, and bone fractures associated with e-cigarette use, albeit with limited systematic investigation. Mechanisms underlying these injuries range from device malfunctions to inadvertent impacts during use. Case reports highlight a spectrum of injuries, including oral burns, dental trauma, and skeletal fractures, often involving the face and mouth regions. Conclusions Despite the lack of comprehensive epidemiological data emerging evidence underscores the need for heightened awareness and preventive measures to mitigate e-cigarette-related injuries. Enhanced education, regulation of e-cigarette devices, and promotion of safer usage practices are crucial steps towards reducing the burden of e-cigarette-related harm on oral and skeletal health.

The present paper focuses on the undergraduate preparation of future teachers in the context of reading literacy. The paper consists of a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part describes and defines the basic concepts closely related to the topic, including undergraduate preparation of future teachers, reading literacy, etc. The empirical part describes an analysis of the current study programs at the Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic. The objective of the present paper was to analyse the study programs and perform a comparison with expiring study programs aimed at reading literacy. The authors performed a qualitative research study to answer whether undergraduate preparation of future teachers at Palacký University Olomouc in the context of reading literacy is sufficient and if study plans of educational programs reflect the requirements of pedagogical practice. The research was performed using document analysis. Secondary document analysis refers to data already collected (Donnellan, Lucas, 2013). According to Hendl (2005), the purpose of qualitative analysis is non-numerical data organisation in order to reveal topics, regularity, relationships, and quality. In this context, the term non-numeric applies not only to the data but also to data handling. According to the preliminary research, a relatively large proportion of future teachers lack practical teacher training aimed at subject-specific didactics, which is also based on reading literacy. Due to the ongoing pandemic in COVID-19, it was necessary to respond to the methods and forms of work to develop reading literacy through distance learning. The authors of the present paper believed it was essential to analyse the study programs in the context of reading literacy and answer the question of whether undergraduate preparation of future teachers is sufficient and if study plans of educational programs reflect the requirements of pedagogical practice in terms of reading literacy, using the content mentioned above analysis of documents. It followed from the results of the research investigation that the study plans of the educational programmes reflect the requirements of educational practice. Even though we have described the facts in the contribution, we believe that the reading literacy development issue is paid sufficient attention to based on the analysis of study plans in teaching for the 1st stage of primary school. Although the term “reading literacy” is mentioned in the curricular documents FEP PE only marginally, in the study plans for future primary school teachers, the term “reading literacy” appears in several disciplines. It is undoubtedly debatable to what extent the above disciplines will respond to reading literacy development in students. Judging by the content of the plans, their purpose is to provide future teachers with the competencies that support the development of reading literacy in primary school children following pre-literacy in pre-primary education. The disciplines are purely of a didactic focus because they appear in the third grade of study and higher grades after the students have completed relevant theoretical preparation.

In the 21st century, the issue of energy security is an important challenge for many states. Energy independence is an important component of the country’s national security. That is why its development is considered a priority of the country’s economic policy. Along with the trends of globalization, international energy relations are increasing day by day. However, the issue of energy security and vulnerability is equally on the agenda, which in turn is related to the problems of access to energy resources and the aggressive appeal of industrialized states with this issue, which creates a destabilizing vulnerable environment in the state. This issue was clearly revealed in the background of the 2022-2023 war between Russia and Ukraine. The mentioned issue is one important part of this paper, along with which the issue of renewable energies is also discussed. Renewable energies, the so-called practical way to get rid of petroleum products is growing more and more. Accordingly, the mentioned work considers both issues equally on the example of the European Union’s energy security strategy, within the framework of the Russia-Ukraine war. The paper discusses the European Union’s energy security policy and current challenges.

Enrolment exam for music schools is an important moment when a child potentially, in parallel with attending general education, starts attending specialized, music education. In this paper we are questioning the existing concept of evaluating rhythmic abilities within the entrance exam for music schools. This evaluation currently includes duplicating rhythmical patterns, performed through one of two tasks: first one involves clapping the beat while performing the rhythmical patterns vocally, using the neutral syllable and the second one includes duplicating rhythmical patterns only through clapping. Nevertheless, in pedagogical practice the choice between the two tasks is usually arbitrary, since it is assumed that the results on both types of tasks would be similar. Furthermore, the level of difficulty of the given patterns within the test is arbitrary, since the teachers are usually inventing them „in situ“ for each child. All respondents are evaluated in the same way, regardless of their age (which usually varies from 6 to 8). The aim of this paper is to contribute to the potential improvement of the quality and fairness of the enrolment exam for all participants, through investigation of the possible differences in the results of the same participants on two types of tests and comparing the results between the tasks with different level of difficulty, between the three age groups of children and between the two genders. The research was carried out within both – elementary school and preschool facilities in Belgrade and the sample consisted of 278 children. The results revealed that participants were more successful in the first type of task. Statistically significant differences were found between participants of different gender in their achievement in favour of girls and also between participants of different age groups, in favour of the second graders. Pedagogical implications were defined, regarding (1) transformation of traditional testing procedures regarding evaluating children’s rhythmical abilities within enrolment exams in Serbian music schools, as а base for optimal selection of children and indirectly, optimal results of the teaching process in music schools and (2) the content of teaching and activities in elementary schools and preschools in the field of rhythm.

The Curriculum for Music Education in primary and high schools includes Serbian music in the 20th century, both modern and postmodern, as a teaching topic. The opus of the composers such as Ludmila Frajt, Ljubica Marić, and Isidora Žebeljan has left an indelible mark on Serbian music and has become part of the world’s musical heritage. However, their creative work is not adequately represented in the teaching practice of primary and secondary schools, nor in the Curriculum that prescribes and suggests the selection of compositions for singing and listening. A special emphasis is placed on their individual and unique music style, the preservation and interpretation of Serbian folklore heritage and spirituality in their creative work, as well as on the educational and pedagogical potential of their work within the framework of general music education. The representation of the work of these artists in teaching practice, teacher training for practical implementation of these teaching topics, teachers’ attitudes and motivation – all these elements are the subject of the qualitative research presented in this paper. The research was conducted by means of an online survey of seventeen music education teachers, i.e., members of the Association of Music Education Teachers of Serbia, using the digital tool Google Forms. The paper will provide a summative and descriptive presentation of the results of the survey consisting of a total of twenty-one questions. Considering the artistic, educational, and pedagogical significance of the composers’ work, the authors of the paper have articulated paradigmatic methodological guidelines for teaching this topic, within the framework of educational standards and the Curriculum for Music Education, with a focus on the development of competencies and targeted outcomes.

Encouraged by the facts from a segment of an earlier research of music examples according to genre in Music Education textbooks, the authors of the paper decided to analyse the content of the latest editions of textbooks published by different publishers in order to collect the most up-to-date facts and get relevant information about the diversity of music examples according to genre in the process of developing music literacy and multicultural literacy of students in the lower grades of primary school. The research focuses on printed textbook units (N=24) from the latest textbook sets for grades 1-4 of primary school published by six publishing houses (Zavod za udžbenike, Klet, Beogradski izdavačko-grafički zavod, Kreativni centar, Logos, and Vulkan znanje). The research is important not only because of the research instruments used (music genre categorisation and a survey questionnaire ‒ ŽUMK 2022), the obtained results on the usefulness and the level of using music examples according to genre for developing students’ music literacy and multicultural literacy, but also because it was the first time that primary school teachers (N=132) from 10 primary schools in four cities in the territory of South-East Serbia (Novi Pazar, Raška, Sjenica, and Tutin) were included in the research. The results of the combined empirical research: а) аnalysis of printed textbook units of different publishers for the subject Music Education and b) opinions of primary school teachers regarding genre diversity are the same in some segments and different in others. The survey of primary school teachers attitudes was conducted using Google Forms. The aim of the paper is to present, based on the quantitative analysis of the identified music content categorised in terms of genre and the attitudes of the primary school teachers, the facts related to the genre diversity of music examples (rhythmic, melodic, and/or rhythmic-melodic) in the most recent Music Education textbooks which are important not only for developing music literacy by means of activities such as singing/playing an instrument/movement using the method of learning by hearing and/or from music scores, but also for developing students’ multicultural literacy.

Based on broad empirical research on multilingualism done by members of the Circle U. University Alliance, this paper presents a comparative analysis between the responses of 906 students from Serbia and 976 students from the other eight universities of the Alliance. By completing a comprehensive questionnaire, the students presented their experience, opinions, attitudes, motivation and obstacles related to gaining knowledge and skills in foreign languages. The focus of this paper is on students’ needs related to learning foreign languages on the one hand, and their experience with it through formal education on the other. According to the survey results, despite students’ needs, the practice of foreign language learning, especially at the university level, is not in line with the goal of the EU language policy and European Commission’s recommendations that each citizen should learn at least two foreign languages. Additionally, as the survey shows, students from Serbia are at a disadvantage in comparison to their colleagues from the other universities due to the ever-growing disappearance of multilingualism from their academic circles. A particularly negative trend is visible in the status of languages for specific purposes at Serbian universities. One of the main conclusions of this research is that students’ voices need to be heard and their needs taken into consideration when shaping the future of higher education.

Psychological studies have shown that children begin to think about death at an early age and have encouraged a rethinking of the concept of possible education about death. For this reason, the course entitled “Methodological Approach to the Theme of Death in Poetry for Children and Youth” was launched at the Teacher Education Faculty in Belgrade. A short description of the course is given in the first part of this paper. Тhe paper then elaborates on the research conducted within the course, the goal of which was to describe: 1) students’ motivation for this course and 2) students’ expectations regarding the course content. In addition, given that the target audience is important for the manner in which the content will be presented, we also examined the course participants’: 3) conceptualization of death; 4) their experience related to death; 5) opinions regarding discussions about death with children; 6) knowledge of literary texts that deal with death. The method of verbal and visual associations and a questionnaire were used for data collection. Data analysis has shown that: 1) the course title is what motivates students the most to choose this course; 2) students are interested in children’s attitudes about death, the way death is thematized in children’s literature, as well as understanding the phenomenon of death in general; 3) the elements of metaphysical concept of death are prevalent among students; 4) the largest number of students has experienced the death of a family member, a friend, or a pet; 5) students think that children’s age, experience related to death, interests, and cognitive maturity have to be taken into consideration when talking with children about death; 6) students are more familiar with the prose texts than poetry for children thematizing death.

Self-reflection is viewed as a mental activity in which preschool teachers (educational professionals) have a chance and tendency to develop a level of self-reflection on their own practice, its purpose, obtained results, and development. In the first part of the paper, the author looks at epistemological tenets of other approaches (positivist, anti-positivist, constructivist, post-modernist, and transformational) on which the self-reflection approach is based, and then interprets and analyzes the specificities of the self-reflection approach. The aim of the paper is to elaborate on selfreflection as an epistemological approach using a case study as an example, in order to clarify and understand better the theoretical assumptions underlying this approach. The case study was used as a paradigmatic case in which self-reflection is emphasized as the epistemological approach to the research of pedagogical issues, and an effort has been made to use it for making a valid example. The concluding part of the paper contains conclusions obtained via theoretical analysis and the case study, including the formulation of the aspects of pedagogical actions that could be improved by using this approach – initial theoretical and practical education of educator, professional training and research, as well as the competences of teachers who educate pre-service educator.

Introduction. Writing for publication has been developed for two last decades as an independent field of research to help authors publish their research articles. Starting from the assessment that preparing the publication in a journal is an academic activity that requires learning to construct the author’s positioning in the manuscript, this paper points out the shortage of professionals to assume institutional organisation of training courses in Russia.Aim. This paper aims to suggest a framework for informal practices based on autonomy and the collective organisation of authors to construct an authorial position in the manuscript or author’s agency toward a target journal.Methodology and research methods. Various approaches applied in this paper are based on activity theory: situated learning, Change Laboratory, and expansive learning.A review of Russian and foreign research in writing for publication shows that only one of the three types of authorial agency, that is, transformative agency, might help the author to prepare a manuscript for publication in a target journal. The framework needed for emerging author’s transformative agency re-conceptualises the model of the Change Laboratory for situated learning that aims at the author’s socialisation in the discursive practices of a target journal. Situated learning for writing for publication is based on the principles of the Change Laboratory: collectivity; double stimulation; overcoming the contradiction by ascending from the abstract to the concrete.Results. A framework for three cycles of expansive learning aimed at the emergence of the author’s agency toward a target journal has been developed. The first cycle allows selecting a journal and revealing its implicit rules for manuscript production. The second cycle is focused on step-by-step manuscript revisions. Finally, a change of journal and/or author whose manuscript is discussed involves the third cycle of expansive learning.Scientific novelty. The paper considers manuscript production for publishing in a journal as an academic activity requiring deliberate training in native and foreign languages. The framework for three cycles of expansive learning in writing for publication conceptualises the publication as the author’s participation in social practices involving the journal as a discursive community.Practical significance. The framework suggested in this paper for emerging transformative agency in writing for publication might imply an alternative to the institutional training courses. Three cycles of expansive learning aim to develop the author’s publication competence and improve the quality of research articles.

Introduction. The paper studies the use of engagement markers in discussion sections of English-medium research articles in medical and foreign language teaching domains by two groups of academic writers, Anglophone and non-native ones using English as a Lingua Franca. Materials and Methods. In order to explore how disciplinary considerations and author language backgrounds affect the choice, frequency and distribution of engagement markers, we built a corpus of 68 research papers (34 medical and 34 EFL papers) published in international and national academic journals between 2019 and 2022. The markers were investigated using contrastive analysis applying Hyland & Jiang’s modified model. Results. Corpus analysis stressed both cross-disciplinary and language distinctions. The analysed foreign language teaching research papers rely on engagement more than the medical papers, which is manifested in the frequency of the use of markers. Writers in both disciplines engage with the reader through reader mentions and appeals to shared knowledge, but unlike medical papers, teaching ones rely heavily on managing the readers’ attention and addressing them directly through asides. From the linguacultural perspective, Anglophone writers use engagement markers a little more frequently than the authors from non-English-speaking countries. The main distinction lies in direct addresses to the reader which are realised in personal asides and questions. Overall, Anglophone writers tend to use a broader variety of engagement markers than non-Anglophone authors. The frequency and selection of engagement markers are influenced by language background, reflecting differences in linguistic-cultural conventions, target audiences, and publication contexts. Within the global scientific community, it is crucial to investigate how multilingual authors navigate the use of metadiscourse markers. Native English speakers and non-native speakers engage in a dialogue as equals, disregarding linguistic dominance. This highlights the need for unified conventions in establishing a global academic lingua franca. Discussion and Conclusion. The findings of this study hold significant pedagogical implications, providing support for academic writers and promoting the development of a global academic language and culture. By understanding the dynamics of engagement markers and their role in effective communication, pedagogical efforts can focus on enhancing global academic language skills and fostering a cohesive global academic culture.

Introduction. The ease of searching and copying someone elseʼs text on almost any topic is one of the most important reasons for the prevalence of plagiarism in academic papers. While plagiarism detectors have become a common tool for universities, such systems are practically not used in secondary schools. It is considered to be a serious problem, that high school graduates are unprepared for the academic papers’ originality requirements. Universities are making efforts to overcome this lack of readiness. The authors study the attitude of teachers and learners of the Russian secondary schools toward the problem of plagiarism. Materials and Methods. An anonymous online survey of teachers (n = 2,286) and learners (m = 4,555) of secondary schools in the Vologda, Kaliningrad and Lipetsk regions of the Russian Federation was conducted. The survey was carried out through the Google Forms service. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained data was carried out. Results. Learners acquire the habit of plagiarism already in secondary school. Secondary school learners are loyal to copying someone elseʼs text without reference to the source; although they partially admit that by doing so they do wrong. Teachers are less tolerant to this and ready to respond to plagiarism in learners’ papers by lowering marks/grades or by requiring learners to redo the work. Teachers do not always clearly understand which borrowings can be considered legitimate and correct, and which ones are not, they cannot explain this to their learners, cannot instill in them the necessary academic integrity, and cannot establish clear criteria for works evaluation.The use of plagiarism detection systems in schools is unsystematic and it is often the result of the initiative of individual teachers. There is also no methodology for using plagiarism detection systems in secondary schools. Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted studies for the first time provided actual confirmation of the hypotheses. It means that it is necessary to include plagiarism detection systems in the toolkit used in secondary school. We have obtained evidence, that it is necessary to implement such tools in the secondary education system step by step, as well as to create conditions, so that school teachers can acquire relevant skills. The materials of the article will be useful to scientists who study the problems of secondary and high education, managers of the secondary education system at all levels, teachers, lecturers and learners of pedagogical universities.

The emergence of artificial intelligence language services has raised hopes related to facilitating the task of publication activity. Members of the academic community wondered whether chatbots could optimize the process of scientific writing. ChatGPT, a language model capable of, among other things, generating scholarly texts, received particular attention. The cases of writing academic papers using ChatGPT have led to a number of publications analyzing the pros and cons of using this neural network. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using ChatGPT to write an introduction to a scientific paper on a topical issue of the Arctic governance. A set of queries to ChatGPT network, based on the logic of the commonly accepted in academia publication format IMRAD, has being developed. This format is characterized by structural and functional elements, which served as a logical basis for the queries. The responses received from ChatGPT were analyzed for their compliance with the requirements for a scientific article, according to the IMRAD publication format. The result of the analysis showed that ChatGPT is not able to meet the requirements for publishing a scientific article in the modern scientific publication discourse.

The objective of this paper is to propose effective methods to implement sustainable development principles among young people, both in schools and universities. The authors of this article recognize the significant potential among young individuals whose actions and choices have a substantial impact on the environment. By analyzing the knowledge and behaviors of young people towards sustainable development and environmental protection, based on surveys conducted among pupils and students from the south-eastern region of Poland, this paper identifies gaps that require improvement and proposes actions aimed at raising pro-ecological awareness among the youth. The analysis revealed that only 25% of the respondents have heard about the “Agenda for Sustainable Development – 2030”, 20% were familiar with the goals of sustainable development, and few have participated in initiatives for sustainable development. However, 58% of respondents claimed to engage in activities for environmental protection in their daily lives. The article also presents the degree of compliance with the assumptions of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on both global and local scales. Furthermore, the paper analyzes two aspects of students’ awareness of sustainable development: their knowledge of goals and documents, and their pro-ecological behavior in daily life. Based on the findings, this paper proposes ways to introduce sustainable development principles in selected areas of school and university functioning to enhance ecological awareness and shape pro-ecological attitudes among young people. Concrete actions to facilitate implementation are also suggested.

The training of specialists in artistic higher education institutions should be conducted using modern methods, technologies, and developments and be oriented towards a modern audience, but at the same time, training should be based on established principles and views that have been tested by time. Les Kurbas is a personality whose views and principles of acting and directing can be a guide for contemporary artists, and therefore they should be used in the professional training of students of theatre and film education. The purpose of this paper was to cover the aspects of training future specialists in higher education institutions based on Les Kurbas’s directing craft. To fulfil this purpose, the following research methods were used: biographical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, method of comparison, method of abstraction, method of analogy, methods of deduction and induction. The paper covered the foundations of Les Kurbas’s directing craft and its influence on the development of modern theatre and directing, compared his principles and views with those of contemporary artists. The paper revealed the role of Les Kurbas and his work in preserving the identity of Ukrainian theatre and cinema and in the development of Ukrainian culture. A parallel was drawn between modern approaches to training future specialists and the foundations of Les Kurbas’s directing craft. The conclusion was made on the expediency of using the basics of Les Kurbas’s directing craft in the educational process of higher educational institutions. The paper described the specific features of using the basics of Les Kurbas’s directing craft in the preparation of future specialists for professional activity and provided recommendations for their implementation in the educational process. The results of this paper can be used by teachers of artistic higher education institutions when developing lecture materials and special courses, as well as by students for self-improvement and work on themselves and their professional skills, which underlies the successful development of Ukrainian theatre and cinema.