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Copyright of Methodical Perspectives / Metodički Vidici is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines regional differences in the demand for digital skills based on an analysis of 9 million vacancies posted on the Unified Digital Platform ‘Work in Russia’ in 2018–2022. We examine approaches used in the literature to classify digital skills and using it develop our own classification. The paper studies the advantages and limitations of various indicators of the demand for digital skills. We suggest that the ratio between the share of vacancies requiring digital skills of a certain group in the region and the labor force population should be used as the most appropriate one. The results of the study show that in Russia there is still a significant regional differentiation in the employer’s demand for all selected groups. Differentiation increased with the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, and decreased slightly in 2021–2022. We reveal that regions with a higher level of economic development have higher requirements for digital skills. Digital skills are more often required in regions specialized on primary production and less often in agricultural regions. Of the federal districts, a slightly higher level of demand for digital skills is observed in the Ural and Far Eastern federal districts, while a significantly lower level is observed in the North Caucasus federal district

This paper is aimed to describe the association between tourism and transport, seen in the perspective of the COVID-19 pandemic. The dual role of transport and tourism in the pandemic crisis is very special: it spreads the virus around the world and at the same time is mostly impacted by the pandemic negative consequences. The research was based mainly on the critical review and analysis of the secondary data (SDA method), such available resources as literature, statistic data and reports, actions taken by governments, international institutions and law regulations (published in 2020-2021). This approach allowed deep insight and overview of the most important issues of transport that have influenced tourism in the pandemic crisis. The final result of the study showed that for destinations highly dependent upon tourism-related revenue, the lockdown and transport suspension became a great concern and resulted in economy crisis. We acknowledge that due to the objective limitations, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive insight in tour- ism, transport and crisis issues. However, as this topic is a rarely discussed theme in academic texts, we hope that this paper could be found useful as it explores approaches to tourism from this new perspective. The paper ends with some reflections on sustainable development of the transport sector in the post-pandemic time, when tourism is expected to recover.

In recent decades, global pharmaceutical value chains have been actively developing. Formed close cross-country and inter-sectoral ties contributed the Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the functioning of global pharmaceutical chains. The effects of Covid-19 were overlapped previously emerging trends towards defragmentation of global pharmaceutical production. The aim of this paper is to identify possible firm strategies and models for restructuring pharmaceutical chains aimed at increasing their resilience in response to the damaging effects of Covid-19. We suppose that the resilience of the chain as a whole depends on the resilience of its separate links, and we show that the restructuring of pharmaceutical chains takes place in the form of the so-called “link” restructuring (restructuring of separate links of the chain). The paper highlights such models of “link” restructuring of sectoral cross-border chain as “zero” restructuring (stock creation); localization (including import substitution); migration (including reshoring and regionalization); globalization, which operate both in the short and long term periods. The multistage nature of global pharmaceutical chains, as well as the dynamic development of pharmaceutical outsourcing processes, have created favorable opportunities for “link” restructuring. At the same time, the features of restructuring were influenced by various factors, among which the degree of technology intensity of the pharmaceutical chain takes a key place. The paper proposes one of the possible classifications of pharmaceutical chains depending on the technologies used, where the following are distinguished: low-tech and medium-low-tech chains (production of essential pharmaceutical goods); medium-high-tech chains (production of generics); high-tech chains (production of patented drugs, production of biopharmaceuticals, production of medical equipment). The main conclusion the author comes is as follows: the higher the technology intensity of the pharmaceutical chain, the less defragmentation of pharmaceutical production will take place. Thus, in the production of high-tech biopharmaceutical goods, the most needed strategies will be regionalization and globalization of the chain links, while in the production of essential pharmaceutical goods, the strategy of localization and import substitution will be very successful (especially in the short term). This is due to the fact that as the technological effectiveness of the pharmaceutical chain increases, investment costs grow, which makes the efficiency of the chain’s functioning no less important than its resilience.

Introduction. This paper demonstrates the importance of studying adaptive potential in students during a pandemic and its parameters as a basis for mental health and psychological well-being. The authors describe the structure and key parameters of adaptive potential in their relation to hardiness. This study aimed to investigate associations of psychological flexibility as a predictor of adaptability with other manifestations of adaptation mechanisms. This paper brings new insights into the dynamics of adaptability at different stages of adolescence. Methods. The study sample comprised 67 students aged 18 to 24 years (Mean ± SD = 20.7 ± 1.8). Diagnostic instruments: (a) the Hardiness Survey by S. Muddy, (b) Young Schema Questionnaire, YSQ-S3R, (c) Ways of Coping Questionnaire, WCQ, by R. Lazarus, and (d) Clinical Questionnaire for Detection and Evaluation of Neurotic States by K. K. Yakhin and D. M. Mendelevich. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27 software. Methods of mathematical statistics: Pearson’s correlation coefficient, parametric Student’s t-test, and Mann–Whitney U-test for independent samples. Results and Discussion. Correlation analysis showed the existence of strong inverse correlations of hardiness with maladaptive schemas, including ‘vulnerability’, ‘distrust’, ‘submission’, ‘failure’, ‘rigid standards’, ‘dependence/helplessness’, and ‘defectiveness’, as well as neurotic states and coping strategies. Therefore, the authors identified two contradictory trends in adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic in different age groups. The scales of early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and coping strategies have numerous positive correlations, except for the ‘decision planning’ strategy, which correlates negatively with certain schemas. The authors consider EMS as a manifestation of psychological rigidity, which reduces adaptive potential. The absence of pronounced maladaptive schemas increases adaptive potential. There is a positive age-related dynamics in the development of individual adaptation capabilities. The resistance indicator increases and the EMS manifestation decreases with age.

Copyright of General Medicine / Obsta Medicina is the property of Medical University - Sofia, Central Medical Library and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to examine the students' point of view, whether the online exam in the subject Translation from German to Serbian can be applied as an effective way of assessment of knowledge and skills, an empirical study was conducted at the Faculty of Philology and Arts, University of Kragujevac. The online exam was carried out through Moodle by using a screen recording program instead of proctoring services. The results of the evaluation of the online exam presented in this paper are based on the results of the author's pre-study. Unlike the pilot phase described in the pre-study, the exams of the students (n=58) were graded by the examiner and a more comprehensive survey was created for the needs of the research. The survey was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that the participants generally have a positive view of the e-exam, regardless of the grades. However, they believe that a way should be found to prevent cheating, to solve possible technical problems (e.g. the Internet, recording program, etc.) and to reduce anxiety and fear. As the most useful aspects of the online exam, they highlight the possibility of using e-dictionaries and search engines which are not available to them when they take an exam on site. Furthermore, they appreciate the fact that they have more time for proofreading and trying out different translation techniques. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the students' experience is mostly positive regarding various aspects of the implementation of the online exam during the COVID-19 pandemic and that the online exam can be recommended as an effective tool for assessing translation knowledge and skills, if e-cheating prevention measures are to be taken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to consider a sector of cultural tourism: gastronomy tourism (also known as food tourism, culinary tourism) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. This is a conceptual paper, based mainly on the critical review of academic literature and UN WTO, UN WHO and UNESCO documents. By synthesising available data and research results, this paper provides an assessment of the present situation of gastronomy tourism, and tries to formulate some trends possible to be developed in the future, once the pandemic is over (as a potential role of culinary tourism in the revival of the whole sector). The research questions focused on the meaning and tradition of gastronomy tourism, conse- quences of the COVID-19 crisis and post-pandemic regeneration of the sector. The paper concludes that trends seen in gastronomy tourism sector before lockdown are no longer applicable during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The new technologies helped to overcome some of the challenges which this industry currently faces. Several potential trends might be developed after the pandemic crisis, serving as local food and local culinary tradition promotion. Suggestions are provided for further research as discussion about more resilient, sustainable and inclusive gastronomy tourism in the future as well as recovery practices within the domestic hospitality are important.

This paper investigates the transmission of financial contagion from the European to the Russian stock market during the COVID-19 pandemic. Financial contagion refers to the spread of instability and shocks across individual countries, sectors, or markets during a crisis, where the relationship between returns and volatility of different assets goes beyond normal interactions. Using the construction of extended autoregressive models, we test the contagion of the RTSI composite index from the EURO STOXX 50 index, with the US dollar exchange rate and the spot price of Urals crude oil serving as control variables. The calculation of the moving coefficient of variation in assets prices allows us to distinguish the pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis periods, for which three separate autoregressive models are built. The contagion of the Russian stock market from the European stock market in these models is identified in two ways: 1) based on the growth and significance of estimated coefficient for the tested variable (STOXX 50 index return) during the crisis; 2) through an increase in the contribution of the tested variable to the explained variance of the dependent variable (RTSI return). In addition, we tested contagion based on the method of central co-moments of the distribution of returns, skewness and volatility of the tested and dependent variable. The analysis has convincingly demonstrated the existence of a financial contagion effect from the European stock market to the Russian stock market in the short term — strengthening of the impact of the European STOXX 50 index on the Russian RTSI index in the acute phase of the pandemic. Understanding the factors contributing to the spread of market shocks in the context of financial globalization can help policymakers to implement effective financial regulatory measures and maintain long-term financial stability in line with national interests. For investors, it helps to identify potential risks and opportunities, enabling optimal hedging and diversification response strategies.

Copyright of Open Education: The Journal for Open & Distance Education & Educational Technology is the property of Hellenic Network of Open & Distance Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Beijing-led format for international cooperation through the building of land and sea corridors connecting China with other countries and regions. One of its pillars is the Digital Silk Road (DSR), which aims to reduce the digital divide and improve the digital connectivity of the participating countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the DSR’s activation, which makes it urgent to study its practical implementation in different regions. The aim of this article is to analyze the conceptual foundations of the DSR and its implementation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The study relies on the technology leadership theory, which allows considering the DSR as an alternative format of cooperation used by China to reform digital international relations. Since it challenges the technological dominance of the West, especially the United States, the power transition theory is also of heuristic value. The methodological basis of the research covers a wide range of general scientific methods of political analysis. The primary sources of empirical analysis are government documents, papers of think tanks, international organizations and forums, statistical data, interactive maps, speeches by officials, etc. In the course of the study, the following objectives are achieved: to trace the evolution of the DSR concept in the official policy discourse; to systematize scientific works on the issue; to highlight key elements of the initiative; to identify opportunities and limitations for its implementation in the LAC region; to present the US response to the intensification of Sino-LAC digital cooperation. It is concluded that the DSR plays an important role in achieving the strategic objective of transforming China into a technological superpower. Therefore, it is highly likely to become a backbone of cooperation under the BRI.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way learning is organized around the world. Russian universities have also been faced with the need to quickly transfer all teaching to an online format. The importance of student satisfaction with the education quality in online learning is increasing, since it is an important condition for motivation. The paper shows that based on the analysis of students’ messages in the social network, it is possible to observe and analyze the overall dynamics and trends in student community satisfaction with the quality of the learning / the efficiency of universities and conduct a comparative analysis of the identified characteristic data groups with their totality. It is shown that the data on the reaction of students of a particular university may have significant deviations from the totality of data, which reflects the characteristics of the reaction of students of a particular university to events occurring at the same time. This may indicate the internal differences of the university, which form an appropriate response to external events.To understand the satisfaction of students in the transition to a new implementation format of the learning. The digital traces of students from the social network VKontakte were analyzed using individual Big Data tools on the PolyAnalyst software platform. This made it possible to trace changes in the mood of students and, on the example of a single university, to identify and explain deviations in the attitude of students to the implementation of the learning, as well as to verify the methodology. The methodology developed by authors makes it possible to detect problematic issues in the university, including the moment of their occurrence, relevance, degree of concern of students. Such content analysis can be used not only to assess students’ satisfaction with the quality of the learning, but also to monitor the emergence of any problems that cause concern and strong reactions on the part of the student community, as well as other communities and individual groups.

In recent decades, a predominant trend in the transformation of national economies worldwide has been the extensive establishment of global value chains and the increased activities of transnational corporations (TNCs). Despite the scale of these phenomena, they have not received adequate scholarly attention, both at the level of individual countries and on a global scale. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis that combines theoretical approaches with empirical investigations of the interplay between the formation and vigorous expansion of global value chains and the dynamics of national economic transformation worldwide. This relationship is examined in the context of foreign multinational corporations operating in sectors such as chemistry and pharmaceuticals, electronics, electrical equipment, and the automotive industry.To achieve the objectives of this study, a range of complementary research methods were employed, including descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, generalization and grouping techniques, and cartographic analysis. The study yields several key findings:Firstly, a global trend of progressive reduction in the share of domestic producers within the industries under consideration has been observed. This trend is most conspicuous in the countries of the former socialist bloc in Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Romania. These countries previously maintained domestic production levels exceeding 50% of the total volume for the specific product types.Secondly, the field of automobile production exhibits the highest proportion of foreign companies contributing to the total volume of products manufactured. In 33 out of the 58 countries analyzed, foreign multinational corporations account for more than 50% of production. Thirdly, a selection of countries in Western Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region—such as Germany, Italy, France, Israel, the USA, China, Japan, the Russian Federation, India, and Korea—play a substantial role in the development of global value chains through the active expansion of their national TNCs. International companies from these countries are progressively shaping a global socio-economic framework.Lastly, recent years have seen the emergence of a new stage in the evolution of global value chains, prompted by exceptional factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the trade conflict between China and the United States, and the conflict in Ukraine. This stage necessitates a profound reconsideration of the strategies employed by current participants in global chains, driven by the imperative of preserving their sustainability.

Hitchhiking has a long history as a form of alternative tourism and has experienced significant transformations in recent years due to the overall digitalisation of travel and culture. Similarly to other forms of mobilities, it was disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and non-pharmaceutical interventions aiming to stop the disease. The paper first defines hitchhiking as a social phenomenon and outlines its history from global and Polish perspectives. Then, it discusses the current developments and possible futures of hitchhiking culture. It is based first on the outline of the location of hitchhiking in contemporary popular culture, particularly Internet culture, and second on in-depth interviews with five young yet experienced lifestyle hitchhikers, performed during strict pandemic restrictions. The interviews focus on three major topics: modern challenges in hitchhiking, ITC (information and communication technologies) use, and hitchhiking during the pandemic. The results indicate the evolution of hitchhiking as a social phenomenon, where the cultural heritage of alternative lifestyles intertwines with the increasing role of the Internet and mobile communication. In conclusion, we postulate further studies, including applying new methodological approaches and asking research questions regarding, e.g. the commodification of tourism, the importance of web reputation, and interactions between hitchhikers, residents and drivers.

The paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on operational effectiveness of parcel delivery sector companies operating in Lithuania. As demand of parcel delivery sector‘s services has increased, it is important to find out whether the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on operational effectiveness could be considered as positive even though the sector faces difficulties related to parcel delivery. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of parcel delivery sector companies operating in Lithuania during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the literature analyses, it was decided to examine the financial statements of 27 parcel delivery companies during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) and before the pandemic (2017-2019). During the investigation the impact of pandemic was analysed using the methods of correlation, regression, and logistics analysis. The main purpose of correlation analysis was to find connections between variables and by regression analysis to find causality between dependent and independent variables. The results of pandemic ware compared with results of pre-pandemic. After this, the results of pandemic have been applied in logistics analysis in forecasting process. Overall, it became clear that during the pandemic operational profit was more effective and costs were less effective comparing with results of pre-pandemic. In addition, the results of logistics analysis showed that there is a possibility that in the future operation profit will be ineffective and costs will be effective.

The paper presents the results of the research on pupils’ assessment of the level and manner of parental involvement in their education in the course of online teaching and distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample included 505 pupils of the second cycle of primary education on the territory of the Republic of Serbia. An instrument was designed for the research purposes and it contains questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample, a question about pupils’ general satisfaction with distance learning, as well as the assessment scale of parental involvement consisting of two subscales – parental supervision and direct assistance. The average score on the whole scale shows a moderate parental involvement, with parental supervision being more present than providing direct assistance. Although the majority of the pupils expressed a partial satisfaction or dissatisfaction with distance learning, the results showed that the pupils whose parents provided more direct help were more satisfied with distance learning. On the other hand, the analysis of moderation found that in the pupils of higher grades, the parental direct help entailed a lower satisfaction with distance learning. Despite certain limitations of the research, the results generally suggest that parents should be viewed as a significant resource for the effectiveness of distance learning, and imply the need to empower parents in this area.

Obviously, the dynamics of carbon dioxide emissions depends on the volume and structure of consumption of primary energy resources in the economy. The world’s energy consumption shows a growth trend temporarily interrupted during times of economic crisis. The most noticeable decrease in energy consumption in modern history occurred in 2020, which was due to a decline in business activity in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This caused a decrease in carbon emissions (by more than 6% compared to 2019). In the structure of primary energy sources, the largest reduction was in oil consumption. The paper examines the impact of economic crises on the evolution of the mutual link between the dynamics of oil production and carbon dioxide emissions in the world. To detect correlations in local time regions, it is proposed to interpolate process dynamics with cubic splines. Using this toolkit avoids the limitations of classical econometrics on the length of time series. The differentiability of the built spline models allowed us to move on to identifying and analyzing latent correlations in fluctuations in the instantaneous growth rate of oil production volumes and carbon emissions.

This study examines the China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has created new parameters for building the world order, putting forward life and health as the main values.Aim. The study aims to analyze the Health Silk Road project as a Belt and Road’s important part which, according to the Chinese government’s statements, seeks to improve the health systems and health of the population of the participating countries.Tasks. The author traces the genesis of the Health Silk Road project; describes the main measures taken by China within the framework of this initiative since the spring of 2020; determines its significance for the PRC’s domestic and foreign policy; analyzes the main benefits and risks for the project participants.Methods. When working with scientific literature on the development of the Belt and Road Initiative under pandemic conditions, methods of critical and comparative analysis are applied. The author also analyzes the primary sources — statistical data, government documents, analytical materials, speeches by officials, papers of integration unions and international organizations, public opinion polls, etc.Results. The demand for humanitarian (medical) cooperation at the present stage is substantiated; the PRC’s “mask diplomacy” and its importance for domestic and foreign policy, including impact on the image of the State, are characterized; the opinions of Western experts are analyzed; the assessment of the Build Back Better World Initiative undertaken by G7 countries as a “democratic alternative” to the Chinese project is given.Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the flexibility of China’s policy, which was able to adapt to the unstable international situation, find new opportunities and development vectors, including the Health Silk Road, which is likely to remain a significant direction of the Belt and Road Initiative in a post-COVID-19 world.

The academic paper investigates the influence of students’ intelligence types and personality traits on academic performance in order to increase the remote (distance) or online learning effectiveness. The research was conducted in 2019–2021 on the basis of three groups of bachelor students who studied in different training forms, namely: full-time (classroom) form in 2019 and 2021 and remote (distance) form in 2020. The students were tested annually in accordance with J. Bruner’s methodology adapted by G.V. Rezapkina in order to determine the leading intelligence types; as well as according to the Russian-language version of the Big Five Inventory questionnaire adapted by S.A. Shchebetenko for the purpose of analysing students’ personal traits. The data obtained in the full-time (classroom) and remote (distance) form of training were processed statistically and compared with each other for interpretation and the practical recommendations formation. The research result was an empirical model of the intelligence types and personality traits influencing academic performance in different training forms. Therefore, as a positive factor in the transfer to distance training mode, the authors highlighted the expressiveness of students’ creative thinking. Conversely, the prevalence of the verbal-logical intelligence type is rather a factor in favour of the classic classroom interaction format. Regardless of the chosen training form, the general relevance of the activation and adaptation of students of humanitarian specialties with a pronounced visual-figurative and subject-effective thinking is emphasised. Previously obtained data on the general positive influence of such personal qualities as: benevolence, conscientiousness and openness to new experience on the training effectiveness are also confirmed. Neuroticism, on the other hand, is an insignificant personal factor that has a negative impact in the framework of the classroom format, and the positive influence in distance training mode. By the way, a hypothesis has been put forward about the lower efficiency of online (as opposed to full-time) team activities, including design works in groups with pronounced extraversion.

In 2020–2021, in Japan, the problems caused by several waves of the COVID-19 pandemic have been added to the challenges related to the aging of the population and the increasing workload of the young generation. Young Japanese face numerous shocks caused by disruptions of educational system, employment, and income, as well as great difficulties regarding job hunting and emotional and psychological problems associated with changes in the usual style of life. The COVID-19 pandemic forced schools and universities to close and this reality has forced a crash course of online learning and adopting new IT technologies on students and faculty. Digitalization of the education has progressed quickly as a result of the pandemic, and it has many positive effects, such as enabling the youth to continue receiving education and working online. However, a digital “gap” has emerged with regard to young people’s unequal access to technology and various online activities. The traditional lifestyle of the Japanese people presupposes close and constant interaction between people in companies and school classes. Thus, the social distancing and self-isolation measures required during the pandemic can be perceived as coercive. One of the responses to these challenges was the rapidly spreading practice of onrain dōsei (living together online), when young visitors of video chats do not even communicate, but simply stay online together to go about their daily activities. In this paper, the above-mentioned range of issues is considered in relation to the Japanese youth, whose problems have already (at the first stage of the epidemic, in 2020 – early 2021) revealed their own characteristics associated with the specifics of the political, economic, social, and everyday life in the country. We compare the Japanese approaches with the methods of solving similar problems used in other countries, firstly in the Asia Pacific and the USA.

The article sheds light on some of the new developments in English under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic: namely, various types of neologisms, which have appeared over the past year and a half. The paper offers an overview of these new formations, supplemented by discourse analysis. The study is based on the material gleaned from online editions of The Economist newspaper, with the examples selected using the method of continuous sampling. Research results indicate that the majority of neologisms are portmanteau words; however, abbreviations, compounds and new coinages referring to people’s work arrangement are also encountered. In addition, some data on the increase in dictionary searches for words connected with the pandemic are adduced. COVID-19 has boosted the capacity of the English language for expanding its vocabulary, and the changes brought about by this process should be thoroughly studied and understood.

Introduction. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has had a strong impact on the socio-economic situation in the country, especially on demographic processes. The article analyzes the change in the mortality rates in Russian regions and assesses the influence of various factors on them during the pandemic. Materials and Methods. The paper examined data from the Federal State Statistics Service on mortality rates in Russian regions. Based on the graphs analyzed and regression equations built, the factors that determined the increase in mortality rates during the pandemic and the degree of their influence were identified. Results. Changes in the rates of morbidity and mortality in Russian regions depended on the development of the healthcare system, demographic, socio-economic, and geographical factors, as well as on the actions of regional and federal authorities. The geographical location of the regions turned out to be the determining factor. The highest mortality rates were found in the regions located in the center of the European part of Russia at the intersection of transport routes. In some months, high mortality rates were observed in the regions bordering China, Kazakhstan, and Finland. The proportion of pensioners and the degree of decline in personal income were also significant. Discussion and Conclusion. Calculations have shown that at the beginning of both waves of the pandemic, the increase in mortality rates depended on the provision of the population of the regions with doctors and hospital beds. In the spring, the restrictions imposed restrained the spread of the disease, but led to an economic recession and an increase in unemployment. In the autumn, less severe restrictions were introduced, which led to a significant increase in mortality rates and a slight decline in the economy. The research results can be used to optimize the managerial decisions in the field of medical and demographic policy.

The socio-economic, political, and even cultural consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic are more than obvious. They affect the whole world and are relevant in all spheres and levels of social and public life. Numerous anti-pandemic measures, mainly the closure of borders, restrictions on the movement of citizens, and isolation hit the businesses and economies of different volumes and intensities. The spheres of tourism and services are special here and the ones where the organization of activities is based on the circulation of people and face-to-face interactions. The effective functioning of a number of social institutions was disrupted. Negative consequences were also relevant in the case of various migration flows. Having been actively involved in the migration for many years, the Armenian society is not immune to the effects of Covid-19. Based on the available literature, articles, reports, various publications and rich statistical data, the article presents in detail the impact of the pandemic on Armenian migration processes. The paper introduces the migration context of Armenia, the effects of the pandemic on the activities of a number of migrants and related groups. Conflicts of adapting to and overcoming the crisis, formal and informal tactics, approaches and practices are analyzed.

Copyright of Otorhinolaryngology (25288253) is the property of Ukrainian Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Pravnog Fakulteta u Nisu is the property of Law Faculty in Nis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The leading feature of the modern world has been the deep structural shifts caused by radical transformations of its industrial landscape. The corresponding transformations were caused by changes in the internal structure of national industrial sectors and were based on the technologies of the "fourth industrial revolution", whose emergence gave additional impetus to the structural transformation of the world economy, intensifying competition in global markets. The Covid crisis was a catalyst for accelerating changes in the intersectoral proportions of the world economy, complicating the existing structural problems. The study shows that the key feature of the model of structural changes that occurred in Ukraine's economy after the global financial crisis was the accelerated reduction of the industrial sector, especially the loss of potential of the processing industry, its technological simplification and narrowing the variety of industries. This was accompanied by increased dominance of the tertiary sector and the growth of the primary sector. Excessive share in the structure of production is occupied by industries, whose mode of reproduction is able to generate only relatively low rates of economic growth (mining and related industries of primary processing in industry and agriculture). Such a trend of structural shifts is not able to generate the necessary boost of economic growth, and much less so as it is burdened by the risks of deepening structural inconsistency of Ukraine's economy with the cardinal changes taking place in the world economy. Comparison of parameters and trends of structural changes in Ukraine's economy and in a comparable group of countries and the world as a whole shows that the changes in the structure of Ukraine's economy were much higher, but did not create sufficient potential for sustainable economic growth. The author analyzes the gaps in labor productivity between economic activities and sectors of Ukraine's economy, as well as changes in their dynamics, which leads to the conclusions about the relationship between the rates of technological development of different sectors of Ukraine's economy and the gradual slowdown of the already imperfect technological development of this country's industry with further loss of competitiveness. Estimated the degree of influence of such factors as investments and technological innovations, as well as shifts in the structure of employment on the increase of labor productivity in Ukraine's economy. Using the apparatus of econometric modeling, the author evaluates the dependence of the dynamics of GDP growth on the change of the indices of the physical volume of GVA in the sectors of this country's economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of NaUKMA Research Papers. Sociology / Наукові записки НаУКМА. Соціологія is the property of National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Faculty of Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)