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The research into the issues of agri-food systems resilience holds a special place in the world agricultural economics due to a multiplicity of new challenges faced by agricultural markets, their increased volatility and enhanced impact of endogenous and exogenous shocks. Along with this, the agri-food systems being systemic elements are exceptionally important for both national economies and a whole range of sectors of the world economy. The paper aims to uncover the reasons and consequences of the customs imbalances emerging in the agri-food market of Russia. These imbalances result from the clash of national economic interests, legal, organisational and management collisions while constructing a common customs tariff policy of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in the sphere of circulation of agri-food products and adversely affect the market resilience. Methodologically, the research rests on the theoretical propositions of the regional economic integration, trade policy, and customs tariff regulation of the agricultural markets; uses methods of comparative analysis, synthesis, systematisation. The paper puts forward a set of methodological solutions to the creation of external (supranational) and internal (national) framework of the digital system of tracking exempted agri-food goods. The findings may underlie the changes in the system of the state regulation of the agro-industrial complex under the EAEU and the development of new mechanisms to strengthen resilience of the agri-food market of Russia.

Introduction. Dynamic economic growth and improvement of the quality of life of the population throughout the country are the priorities of the state policies in modern Russia. Differences in natural and climatic conditions, sectoral specialization of the economy, and infrastructural constraints have caused the differentiation of interregional and intraregional socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. The current measures of state regulation and support for the regions do not provide for overcoming inequality. Based on the results of the research conducted, the article formulates proposals on substantiation of tools that take into account the features of territories and the ways of their self-development. Materials and Methods. The research on inequality of municipalities was conducted on the basis of data from the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Mordovia, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Entrepreneurship of the Republic of Mordovia, as well as from reports and strategic documents of municipalities. The empirical material was processed using the methods of comparison and grouping. The level of inequality of municipal territories was identified, which made it possible to substantiate the main directions and tools for their development. Results. An assessment of the socio-economic state of the municipal districts of the Republic of Mordovia has been carried out and the level of their differentiation has been revealed with the calculation of variation indicators; the administrative and territorial units have been grouped according to the demographic situation, the differences between them and the possibilities of self-development of each of the selected groups have been analyzed. Discussion and Conclusion. The tools to overcome inequality have been identified, taking into account the features of the municipalities, which require adjustments to municipal strategies for socio-economic development until 2025 and formulation of a concept for the spatial development of the Republic of Mordovia. Recommendations for activating some of the existing tools and developing new ones have been put forward. The results obtained can be used by local governments when updating the priorities for the development of territories and the applied tools of the economic mechanism of strategic management.

Introduction. Mortgage lending plays an important role both for the banking system and for the country’s economy as a whole. In addition to the main function of providing people with comfortable housing, mortgage system development stimulates various areas of the country's economy and creates conditions conducive for investment. The purpose of the paper is to single out the factors that have a negative impact on the home mortgage lending market on the basis of the case study of the Vologda Region. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the statistical database of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, data from an integrated housing development institution DOM.RF and the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Vologda Region, as well as the Numbeo database ratings. Methods of comparison and observation, analysis and synthesis were used to study the statistics of the main indicators of the home mortgage lending market. Results. The main factors influencing the home mortgage lending market have been identified: high loan interest rates, low wages (insolvency of the client), an increase in overdue debts, high prices in the housing market, etc. The author has put forward recommendations for the development of the home mortgage lending market. Discussion and Сonclusion. The study has shown that the mortgage market in the Vologda Region has considerable growth potential and that credit institutions should work more carefully with clients, which will help to reduce overdue debts. The research materials may be useful to researchers exploring the economic issue under consideration, as well as to commercial banks, regional and local authorities that can contribute to the development of mortgage lending.

The material conditions for countries and peoples’ existence are now changing signifiantly and sharply and put forward new requirements for the quality of reproductive mechanisms. To a large extent, this process is related to the village, which seeks to increase agricultural productivity, but cannot yet become on a par with industrial potential. The gap between these two parts of a single economic organism is large and is especially noticeable in developing countries and, in particular, in Egypt. This country is extremely poor in agricultural resources; it has been trying for decades to overcome the threat of hunger, sometimes achieving moderate success in some areas. But on the whole, it can only follow events in a catch-up mode. Now Egypt is entering a new phase of the struggle for food sovereignty and an unclear fial result. However, the state’s current policy is focused on making food security solvable.

The article highlights one of current Russia’s important social objectives: lifting families out of poverty and preventing them from falling into this state. The social treasury project that is being discussed could contribute to attaining this goal. It is demonstrated that one of the most important parts of such work is building effective management based on a system of indicators characterizing the family, and this system should not be limited to indicators of financial resources. Using cybernetic laws, a management scheme has been formed that uses the state’s information resources to monitor the actual situation of the entire layer of poor families as well as families vulnerable to falling into this category.

The goal of the work is to study the dynamics of psychological changes unfolding during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper presents an analysis of the responses to the survey on the Internet, received from 03.22.2020 to 04.04.2020, when the spread of COVID-19 begins in Russia. The study was conducted on the Internet using Google Forms. Links to the survey were posted on social networks. The survey involved 430 people, including 188 people in Moscow, and the answers were divided into 3 groups with respect to the date when they were received: March 23–24 (79 people), March 29–30 (46 people), March 31–April 4 (63 people). The survey included a general block of questions and methods SCL-90-R, COPE, OKM97. Statistical processing was carried out with the SPSS statistical package. The results of the study show an increase in psychopathological symptoms (somatization, phobic symptoms, sleep disturbances), a decrease in the level of constructive thinking and indicators of emotional consciousness, an expansion of ideas about esoteric thinking, naïve optimism, categorical thinking, a turn to religion and a search for existential explanations for what is happening. In the Moscow sample, a V-shaped graphs were noted for the parameters of the level of depression, for the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, for the parameters for “turning to religion”, “esoteric thinking,” along with a constant increase in the level of anxious, phobic symptoms and somatization, which leads to the presence of the negation phase after the phase of shock and before the adoption of a situation. Conclusions: with prolonged situation a further increase in psychopathological symptoms is possible, which can have a wide range of negative consequences.

The coronavirus (and the disease it causes, COVID-19) has proven to be a rolling crisis. Rolling in the sense that it began in central China and spread westward to the Indo-Pacific region toward Europe and at the same time eastward into North America. Its impacts have been felt most intensely, so far, in several emerging hotspots along the way, such as Spain and Italy. In a matter of a few months it became a truly global pandemic and economic crisis. It continues to spread to all inhabited continents.For China, where the coronavirus started as a national epidemic, the problems were two-fold: first the virus disrupted China’s manufacturing processes as workers became infected with a fast and easy-spreading coronavirus and, secondly, disrupted the supply chain as demand for its domestic and export goods and services rapidly decreased.

The year of 2020 started a new chapter in the development of former-Soviet countries. The coronavirus epidemic, which began in the Chinese city of Wuhan, has spread to affect all countries throughout the world, including the countries of the former Soviet Union. Its influence has already affected the economic and social development of the countries in the post-Soviet space. Closing borders, stopping tourism, and imposing severe restrictions on transport services were the first measures that contributed to reducing the incidence rates. At the same time, these measures affected bilateral and multilateral trade and economic relations among the countries of the post-Soviet space.All countries of the post-Soviet space have taken steps to allocate additional funds to combat coronavirus. Ad hoc funds were formed, the review of budget expenditures and revenues began. However, in fact in the first few months the countries faced economic distress, the overcoming of which could take considerable time.The coronavirus epidemic is taking place against the backdrop of global economic crisis and a sharp drop in oil prices. Economic development models based on increasing consumption without economic growth, increasing the level of external and internal debt have shown their insolvency. In these conditions, the countries of the post-Soviet space, which are highly dependent on the external factor, have also experienced significant economic hardships.Finally, the «price warfare» in the oil market has a strong influence. The United States and Saudi Arabia’s attempts to achieve dominance in the oil market, by displacing Russia from it, as well, have had a destabilizing impact on the world oil market. This factor has had a direct impact on those former-Soviet countries that produce and export hydrocarbon resources.In general, the coronavirus epidemic, taking place against the backdrop of global economic challenges and oil competition, will have a negative impact on the economic and political development of former-Soviet countries. The impact of the epidemic, its consequences, will affect the former-Soviet countries for many years to come.

The global spread of coronavirus infection has given States the task of taking decisive measures to respond quickly and on a large scale to the challenge of existing management systems. China has demonstrated successful mobilization mechanisms to combat the negative effects of the pandemic: the necessary measures have been taken to inform the population and stop panic, control and prevent coronavirus, and mitigate the impact on the economy. However, the weak side was the inability to take priority measures in the face of uncertainty, which did not prevent the development of the epidemic at its initial stage. This provoked a search for those responsible among the Chinese leadership, becoming another source of tension in relations between China and the West. Despite the relative success of the measures taken, the situation in China itself remains tense: it faces challenges to prevent a re-outbreak of infection and to restore the economy in the face of information and economic pressure from the United States. In this context, the authors analyze the features of information support for measures taken in China to combat the spread of coronavirus infection and their impact on the domestic and foreign policy situation.

The purpose of the research is to study and find out the modern foreign technologies of public health policy in the context of the impact of urbanization processes, to explore the possibilities of implementation of best practices in Ukraine.Materials. Peculiarities of public health policy implementation in developed countries in the context of population density increase and agglomeration expansion are described in the article. The study is based on the analysis of statistics, publications in the media and scientific articles. The comparative statistical analysis of the countries of the world on the incidence of the incidence of different species and the correlation of these processes with the urbanization dynamics is made in the article. Expert assessments of UN and World Health Organization experts on processes of concentration of population around the world, deterioration of living conditions, quality of health, morbidity and appropriate prevention, promotion of healthy lifestyle and quality control of goods, works and services for the population are given in the article. Particular emphasis is placed on the environmental problems of densely populated areas, including through the proliferation of motor vehicles, substandard housing and uncontrolled industrial emissions. The connection of the dynamics of urbanization with the increase of the sedentary lifestyle of the citizens is also described. The urban way of life is assessed as requiring immediate influence by public health policy makers. The current experience of foreign public administration and public policy entities on a proactive approach to shaping the concept of public health in the context of urban transformation in society can be used in Ukraine. Practical results of the work of state institutions in developed countries should be implemented in Ukraine. Conclusions. On the example of the positive experience of the capitalist countries of the world, the further directions of the development of public health policy in Ukraine in the conditions of deepening urbanization processes are clearly defined.

The article deals with the essence of transnationalization in the specifics of the development of the modern economic state of a large transnational corporate community. The process of institutional changes in the transitive economic strategy is particularly attractive for large transnational capital. The effectiveness of transnationalization is formed through the specific possibilities of institutionalization of the economic potential of transnational entities. In the current economic transformations, the strengthening of the influence of transnational corporate associations on the factors of economic potential of internationalized economic entities, which form specific economic relationships, is shown.

The paper focuses on the Russian poor. Based on the fact revealed in previous studies that severe chronic poverty is characterized by concomitant psycho-emotional deprivation, the author focuses not only on monetary poverty (using the relative income-based approach to group allocation for this purpose), but also subjective one (distinguished through non-monetary indicators). Based on the research database of the the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2018), the author comes to the conclusion that the most negative perception of the position in society is not a characteristic of the financiallypoorest Russians, i.e. the focus of social tension is not concentrated in the zone of deep monetary poverty. While objective (monetary) deep poverty is formed as a result of high dependent burdens and failures of local labor markets, deep subjective poverty is dictated by different reasons – the inaccessibility of the necessary medical support for pensioners with serious health problems, the presence of relatives in the household who are addicted to bad habits, precarious nature of the occupied employment positions. The delimitation of groups and the varying nature of the factors of their formation leads the author to the conclusion that identifying the recipients of social policy solely on the basis of information about the financial situation of households does not allow reaching the part of the poor population where a hotbed of social tension is forming. Based on the identified characteristics of groups, as well as the requests of their representatives for certain measures of social policy, the article proposes a number of measures to reduce the severity of objective and subjective poverty.

Central Asia is the territory connecting Europe, Near East, South and East Asia. This is a bridge between East and West, the cross-road of civilizations, one of the key geopolitical regions that has acquired special importance after breakup of the Soviet Union. However, this is also the unstable region, a tough player threatening world peace. Central Asia locates in complicated natural and climatic conditions where the key and vital natural resource is water which requires, on the one hand, its saving and, on the other, the permanent search for possibilities to increase its reserves.This is the region with the world’s highest rate of population growth — to 2.0 % per annum. At present the population of Central Asia without Afghanistan is 70.6 million and with Afghanistan 105.2 million.The uneven distribution of water resources over the territory and their insufficiency, the constantly growing water consumption lead to the competitive demand for water at the national and regional levels. The water deficit and deterioration of water quality are the serious challenges which have been faced by many regional countries. The key issue determining the internal stability in the region was and still remains the water-energy balance.

The existence of a system for assessing the activities of development banks is a necessary condition for a significant contribution of banks to economic development. The article deals with the experience of evaluating the effectiveness of projects and activities of development banks on the examples of the German development Bank, the Asian development Bank and the African development Bank. It has been revealed, that development banks for the evaluation of projects, their activities apply financial and socio-economic indicators, which are used to improve the work of development banks. The basic requirements for the evaluation of projects and activities of development banks have been formulated. The practical experience of the German development Bank, the Asian development Bank and the African development Bank can be used by Vnesheconombank, which is confirmed by scientific studies of Russian authors.

The subject of the research is the opinions of the expert community expressed during panel discussions at the World Economic Forum held in Davos in 2019 related to ways of eliminating poverty and disproportionality of income distribution in the world. The purpose of the research was to confirm the permanent commitment of the WEF expert community to the concept of neoliberalism, despite the fact that it was neoliberal values that exacerbated the development of poverty and disproportionality in income distribution as trends in the current global development. The research also proved the utopian nature of their recommendations for overcoming the negative phenomena. The position of the expert community at the World Economic Forum was reduced solely to the concept of the neoliberal mainstream — reducing the role of state regulation, establishment of global governance for a multilateral social contract at the level of an international organization capable of eliminating social inequality and income disproportionality in the world economy. Particular attention was paid to the lack of social elevators in developed and developing countries contributing to the poverty aggravation among the population. The documents of some international organizations indicate the need to intensify national state policies in the field of social support and social security. The paper discusses various aspects of national state policies in a number of countries aiming to gradually smooth out the level of social security of citizens along with supporting the middle class as the basis for stable development. For the first time, the problem of enhancing the role of non-profit public organizations in overcoming the income disproportionality and eliminating extreme poverty and destitution, especially in developing countries, was addressed at the level of interstate discussion. However, involving the poor in the work of these organizations seems to be challenging because the sources for funding their activities are not defined. It is concluded that globalization is the determining trend in the development of the world economy; the basic problems of globalization include poverty and disproportionality of income distribution both at the inter- and intracountry levels; there is a possibility of concluding a public multilateral agreement accumulating measures taken at the supranational level. The living conditions of the middle class are deteriorating, their incomes are decreasing. The USA policy “Make America great again” is aimed at raising the living standards of the middle class, i.e. the idea of the problem solution on the multinational basis is being rejected; the access to education, formation of social elevators, including those for young people, establishment of social protection systems, etc. are still beyond the attention of national governments in developed countries.

The subject of the research is the population decline and, as a result, a drop in the labor potential in the Far East. The relevance of the problems under study is due, firstly, to the low population density in this area, secondly, negative values of the natural movement of the population, thirdly, migration of working-age people to other regions, fourthly, relatively low indicators of standards and quality of life of citizens living in the Far East. Together, the negative factors identified in the area carry a geopolitical threat and impede the desired strategic socio-economic development of Russia. The purpose of the paper was to reveal the factors contributing to the growth of the labor potential in the Far Eastern Federal District based on an analysis of ongoing processes and existing regularities of critical interrelationships. The study is based on the analysis of changes in the population of the Far East regions, migration growth/decline indicators, life expectancy factors in the gender context, trends in loss/growth of budget incomes per capita as well as the per capita cash income. An integrated approach to increasing the labor potential of the population in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District is proposed based on the analysis of the interrelationships of demographic, cultural, economic and social processes taking into account the concepts of self-protective behavior, human capital, and social clusterism. It is concluded that this approach can be used by government agencies in the implementation of the plan of the long-term socio-economic development of the Far East.

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the contribution of developing countries in transformation of the structure of the worldwide fish and seafood market. The reports of Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Unites Nations International Trade Statistics, and the works of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanology and other organizations and researchers are analyzed. The analysis shows that the worldwide fish and seafood market was formed due to the rapid growth of aquaculture (artificial fish and seafood) in developing countries, especially in China, diversifying the world species structure and expanding international trade relations. The market has seen a global shift of production centers to developing countries, each with its own specialties. The rapid growth of the industry has led to a variety of environmental problems that can be solved only with strict regulation and international participation. The paper summarizes the material on the state of the art of the worldwide fish and seafood market as well as reflects the current problems affecting its development.

The paper analyzes social imperatives in Russian society in the 2010s in the context of the ongoing reforms and tasks arising from the presidential decrees of 2012 and 2018. The subject of research is the social and economic implications of the population aging and their impact on the state macroeconomic policy. The purpose of research was to identify the real problems of demographic aging and differences in approaches to their solution in developed countries and in Russia. The paper also analyzes the experience of the retirement-age increase in the OECD countries and substantiates the conclusion about its fundamental difference from the Russian reform of 2018 characterized by the socially dangerous transition speed. It is concluded that the economic activity of elderly people in the Russian economy is increasing and has an impact on its future even without raising the retirement age; the real demographic burden of the elderly is revealed which in Russia is much lower at present and in the long term, therefore, there can be no arguments in favor of the reforms carried out. The niche of social transformations related to the growing share of the «NEET» generation unused in the state policy is demonstrated.

The article focuses on the problem of adapting the foreign policy of the European Union to the conditions of the world coronavirus pandemic. The author draws attention to the fact that the epidemic struck the EU countries at a time when the new leadership of the community had just begun to reform the main institutions in the spirit of the declared priorities, the main of which was to strengthen the role of the EU on the world stage. The strategic setting, however («build mus- cle») is faced with a new reality, dictated by the pandemic, which forced Brussels to return to its former «soft power» policy in international affairs. This policy is being implemented today in the form of «coronavirus diplomacy», but within the framework of the previously announced strategic points. Brussels is paying increased attention to its closest neighbors: member countries of the East- ern and Southern Partnerships and the Western Balkans. The bet on «soft power» in the form of humanitarian and financial assistance does not remove from the agenda the problem of EU rivalry, for example, with Russia and China with regard to some countries, in particular, Serbia. In this con- text, it seems unlikely that calls for solidarity in the fight against the pandemic will have an impact on the current state of relations between Russia and the European Union.

Проведен анализ данных 18117 случаев смерти, представленных Республиканским статистическим управлением Республики Саха (Якутия) за 2001-2015 гг. Проанализирован социально-экономический ущерб, связанный со смертностью от злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО). Для ранжирования отдельных форм ЗНО по степени их социально-экономической значимости нами использована методика подсчета, основанная на производной средней продолжительности предстоящей жизни, выраженная в потерях человеко-лет жизни., The analysis of the data of 18,117 death cases of the Republican Statistical Office of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) for 2001 - 2015 was carried out. We analyzed a socio-economic damage related to mortality from malignant neoplasms (MN). In order to rank certain forms of MN according to the degree of their socio-economic importance, we have used a method of counting based on a derivative of the average life expectancy, expressed in the loss of man-years of life., Якутский медицинский журнал, Выпуск 4 (68) 2020

Трансфер технологий является основой эффективного развития современных экономических систем. От того, насколько совершенен сложившийся механизм трансфера технологий, зависит скорость внедрения новых технологий, процессы модернизации экономики, экономический рост хозяйствующих субъектов. В статье авторами рассмотрен генезис развития термина «трансфер технологий» в отечественной и зарубежной экономической литературе. Дана авторская трактовка термина «трансфер технологий» как процесса передачи знаний и информации, способствующего эффективному развитию субъектов экономических систем в рамках действующего законодательства с учетом возможностей и достигнутого уровня развития общества. По мнению авторов, термин «трансфер технологий» прошел несколько этапов эволюции: трансфер технологий как отдельная наука; трансфер технологий как процесс передачи знаний; трансфер технологий как договорные правоотношения по передаче знаний и информации. В статье раскрыты современные способы коммерциализации трансфера технологий применительно к сельскому хозяйству в условиях цифровизации аграрной экономики. Предложен усовершенствованный способ передачи технологий с учетом возможностей цифровой экономики, на основе создания специализированных единых цифровых научно-технологических платформ. По мнению авторов, наиболее востребованными способами коммерциализации технологий применительно к сельскому хозяйству в современных условиях будут являться обмен информацией, инжиниринг, а также создание договоров о технической поддержке. Исследование проводилось на основе анализа фундаментальных положений и принципов экономической теории, теории экономического развития, теории экономической эффективности, рассмотрения научных трудов ведущих ученых, а также официальной статистической информации. Результаты и выводы, представленные в данной статье, могут быть использованы научными сотрудниками, исследователями в области трансфера технологий, а также всеми заинтересованными лицами., Technology transfer is the basis for the effective development of modern economic systems. The speed of introduction of new technologies, the processes of economic modernization, and the economic growth of economic entities depend on how perfect the existing mechanism of technology transfer is. In the article, the authors consider the Genesis of the development of the term “technology transfer” in the domestic and foreign economic literature. The author’s interpretation of the term “technology transfer” is given as a process of transferring knowledge and information that contributes to the effective development of economic systems within the framework of current legislation, taking into account the opportunities and the achieved level of development of society. According to the authors, the term “technology transfer” has undergone several stages of evolution: technology transfer as a separate science; technology transfer as a process of knowledge transfer; technology transfer as a contractual relationship for the transfer of knowledge and information. The article reveals modern ways of commercialization of tranfer technologies in relation to agriculture in the conditions of digitalization of the agricultural economy. An improved method of technology transfer is proposed, taking into account the opportunities of the digital economy, based on the creation of specialized unified digital scientific and technological platforms. According to the authors, the most popular ways to commercialize technologies for agriculture in modern conditions will be the exchange of information, engineering, as well as the creation of technical support agreements. The research was based on the analysis of the fundamental provisions and principles of economic theory, the theory of economic development, the theory of economic efficiency, the review of scientific works of leading scientists, as well as official statistical information. The results and conclusions presented in this article can be used by researchers and researchers in the field of technology transfer, as well as used by all interested parties., Бизнес. Образование. Право, Выпуск 3 (52) 2020

The notion of «the water world we want» is a spin-off of the United Nations campaign The World We Want. It is open to subjective interpretation, as people have different perceptions of a desired future. Each person or organization is likely to identify their own set of key concerns: food, clean (uncontaminated) water, sustained agricultural productivity, sustainable use of land and ocean resources, healthy lives and secure livelihoods. But whatever utopian world view one creates, it cannot be achieved without adequate sustained water supplies.In 2009, the then United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon noted: It is well known that water is life; what this Report shows is that water also means livelihoods. It is the route out of poverty for individuals and communities. Managing water is essential if the world is to achieve sustainable development.This challenge is even more pressing as the world confronts the triple threats of climate change, rising food and energy costs, and the global economic crisis. All three are exacerbating poverty, inequality and underdevelopment.It is apparent that climate, water and weather-related concerns are mounting. Societies are becoming increasingly aware that impacts of extreme hydrometeorological events expected to occur in, say, the 2050s are starting to appear decades earlier. These extreme events — related to climate change — are likely to increase in frequency, intensity and severity.

the article examines the dependence of socio-economic processes on the human capital development. The authors concluded that improving the quality of human capital, the level of knowledge and the formation of labor are the main guarantee of labor productivity and the growth of employment in the Russian Federation.

Nowadays private households have become legal in Russia that has led to a new stage of their development. Current social and economic trends in the country, the decrease of farm production rates and rural and urban population income growth have resulted to the development of private households as a form of self-employment and self-sustainment of the population. This fact explains the importance to study the development trends of private households in modern regional economy in order to determine the ways to increase the efficiency of their activity that is significant in terms of food counter-sanctions. In this context the object of the original study is to investigate the current conditions of private households as a small-size economic activity and to reveal the trends of their development to support a regional economy. The study is based on universal scientific research methods and methodological tools of economics including comparative, economic and statistic, and calculation and constructive methods. Empirically the research is based on official statistical data by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Processing industry of Orenburg region and the Territorial Management of public statistics on Orenburg region. On the basis of the analysis of the dynamics of agricultural goods production in Orenburg region we have reveal the increase trend of a private household share and the production volume of agricultural goods there. This testifies the importance of private households in a domestic food supply process. When estimating the household development trends in the economy of Orenburg region it has been revealed that the infrastructure development, rural economy diversification, the development of the regional meat and dairy food cluster will become a decent public tool to support the agricultural sector in general and private households in particular. In future the conducted research will become a foundation for substantiation and development of organizational and economic mechanism of cluster type management that requires special approaches in territorial management.

In modern contradictory conditions of development, the role of interaction between civilizations and, in this connection, education, as the basis for understanding and the tool for forming human capital, is growing. The article discusses the need of forming and realization of educational projects in Arab countries as a prerequisite for stable socio-economic and political progress. The necessity to work out high-quality programs of educational system development is shown. The mechanisms for their realization are also metioned.

The article explores the concept of corruption, defined as an obstacle to economic and social development, created by representatives of the power structures of the country, region, enterprise, weakening the efficiency of management and the institutional foundation of society. Anticorruption activity is presented in the article as conditions created by the state and ensuring that the country's economy is not irreparably damaged by internal and external economic threats. The estimated characteristics of the anti-corruption activities of the regions and the country as a whole, as a rule, are studied in the domestic sources and among foreign authors. Statistical evaluation of the relationship between the level of corruption and indicators: the dynamics of GRP growth, the index of real incomes of the population, the costs of training, health care is made on the basis of the coefficient Pearson correlation. Based on the correlation analysis, stable links were established between the level of corruption and the socio-economic indicators of the region's development: an increase in the level of corruption associated with an increase in the population's spending on education and medicine; a reduction in the level of corruption, as a result of increased incomes of the population and higher wages. The consequences of corruption are presented: legal (the undeveloped legislative base, which involves bribery of powerful people, the growth of corruption in the society, the increase in corruption crimes, the inefficiency of the regulatory framework), social (moral violation, low public evaluation of the activities of power structures, low level of culture and upbringing) , economic (bias financial, investment decisions, illegal distribution of property and non-property benefits, the impossibility of competitors Vat with developed countries) and others.

Стратегия всеобщего йодирования соли стала мощным импульсом для стран Юго-Восточной Европы и Центральной Азии за период с 2000 по 2009 г. К концу первого десятилетия несколько стран региона уже достигли оптимального потребления йода; другие страны стремительно двигались к достижению той же цели и лишь в нескольких странах прогресс в сторону всеобщего йодирования соли оставался обнадеживающим. В данной статье приводятся данные субрегиональных семинаров (для стран Восточной Европы, Центральной Азии и Юго-Восточной Европы), проведенных в 2015 и 2016 гг. Оба семинара демонстрируют стремление стран регионов Юго-Восточной Европы и Центральной Азии к устойчивому устранению йодного дефицита. Несмотря на определенные недостатки, данные, полученные от стран региона, не предполагают каких-либо серьезных препятствий на пути к победе над йодным дефицитом. Тем не менее, России и Украине необходимо приложить больше усилий для развития и рационализации стратегии всеобщего йодирования соли, так как именно эти страны находятся в списке отстающих в данном вопросе.

Purpose: the aim of the paper was to assess the level of involvement of the Eurasian economic Union (hereinafter EAEC) into the global economy. Methods: methods of system and synthesis analysis, structural-logical, economic-statistical, comparative and retrospective analysis were used in the study. Results: the structure of the global economy as a range of functional subsystems was presented. The indicators of involvement of countries into the global economy for each functional subsystem were suggested. The levels measuring the range of involvement of the country in global economy for each functional subsystem were proposed. The level of engagement of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia into the global economy for each functional subsystem was assessed. The value of the levels of involvement of the EAEC countries were summarized in the table. Conclusions and Relevance: the EAEC countries are characterized by a low level of involvement in the global economy for most of the functional subsystems. The greatest number of lowest values were concentrated in such subsystems as the global transnational production and the global monetary system. Low values of involvement levels were obtained in all countries in the global transnational production subsystem, which indicated a lack of development of the transnational production of the EAEC countries. Low values of involvement levels were received in the world monetary subsystem in all countries, except Russia, showed the average level of involvement, due to the presence of the share of the ruble in the total turnover of the global foreign exchange market for currency pairs in the year 2016. A set of the best values were obtained in the common information space subsystem, where all the countries except Kyrgyzstan, showed an average level due to criterion – percentage of individuals using the internet, instead of the criterion, reflecting the development of infrastructural capacity. Russia was characterized by a higher level, and Kyrgyzstan, by a lower level of involvement in the global economy compared to other countries of the EAEC.

Topic. Economic evaluation of losses from invalidism of the population as an important component of a balanced decision-making in health and social policy (in particular, as concerns the programs of social well-being, adaptation and rehabilitation of invalided persons).Purpose. Analysis of modern approaches and methods of economic evaluation of losses from invalidism of the population (from the point of view of completeness and correctness of the assessment, applicability, taking into account peculiarities of statistical surveying in the Russian Federation).Methodology.On the basis of theoretical analysis of the legal and literature sources (the official Methodology of calculating economic losses from mortality, morbidity and invalidism of the population and the research articles presented in the RISC database from 2000 to 2016) we summarize the main approaches to economic evaluation of losses from invalidism of the population of the Russian Federation. There were also differentiated and formalized the main problems of economic evaluation of losses from disability.Results.There were analyzed different approaches and methods of economic evaluation of losses from invalidism of the population used in the Russian Federation. We identified and highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of considered methods. There were formulated conceptual and methodological problems of economic evaluation of losses from invalidism of the population (such as completeness and quality of baseline data, problems of evaluation of current and deferred direct and indirect losses (loss of production of the manufactured product), etc.).Conclusions. The main problems in the assessment of economic losses from invalidism in the Russian Federation at the present stage are the lack of disaggregated data on invalidated persons and lack of uniform and complete assessment techniques applicable for the purposes of comparison of costs and benefits by the state authorities. It is noted that the question of the adequacy and completeness of the data can be solved by using the Federal state information system “Federal register of disabled persons”, which is being introduced from 2017.

Purpose: the main purpose of the article is study the current prerequisites and trends of the economic development of the Perm Region to formulate proposals and recommendations within the framework of the program for the long-term development of regional social and economic systems. The main hypothesis of the article is that the social and economic development of the Perm Region requires the creation of innovative ways to develop promising areas of business based on relevant trends and assumptions.Methods: the methodology of solving the tasks is based on the use of the method of dialectical research, methods of economic analysis, forecasting, situational and system analysis, expert assessments and analysis of empirical data.Results: the results of the work are to study the economic processes in the region, including indicators and indicators of the region's social and economic development, and further develop recommendations and proposals for the development of priority areas in project management and selection of optimal project planning models to ensure sustainable development of the region and its competitiveness.Conclusions and Relevance: priority goals for solving the current economic problems of the Perm Region are to increase the income of the population and increase the revenue of the regional budget. To increase the pace and ensure the stability of economic growth, increase the real income of citizens, achieve technological leadership, a consistent solution to a number of specific tasks is necessary. It is important that the implementation of economic policy should be based on building partnerships between public authorities and entrepreneurship, aimed at increasing the efficiency of companies and the development of the economy of the region.

Purpose: investigation of the possibility of applying special regimes of economic activity on the territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Methods: the research methodology is based on methods of generalization, analogy, comparative and system analysis; the rules for assessing the effectiveness of the operation of special economic zones were used. Results: the expediency of applying special regimes of economic activity in the Arctic zone of Russia is considered. Mechanisms for establishing and operating such special economic regimes as special economic zones, territorial development zones, territories for outpacing socio-economic development, industrial parks, technoparks and clusters have been studied. The possibility of linking the supposed support zones of development in the Arctic with special modes of economic activity is considered. Conclusions and Relevance: the current trends in the social and economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, the need to diversify the region's economy and attract investment determine the appropriateness of using such economic regimes that will contribute to the achievement of the objectives of state policy in the Arctic, taking into account specific conditions for managing the macroregion. The study allows us to conclude that at present there is no clear separation between the indicated regimes. Their effectiveness and effectiveness is not directly dependent on the number of benefits provided. At the present time, any of the existing special regimes in our country can be established on the territory of the Arctic zone of Russia. The adoption of such a decision should be based on a strategic vision for the development of the whole circumpolar region and its individual territories, and also be accompanied by an assessment of the falling incomes, planned tax revenues and the volume of benefits provided within a particular regime of economic activity., Moscow, Russian Federation

The author analyses the European Union’s foreign policy in Central Asia. He indicates the basic tendencies of development of the EU cooperation with the countries of Central Asian region. Further, the author analyzes the implementation of joint projects within the framework adopted by the Partnership Agreements. Based on a critical analysis, the researcher highlights a number of constraints to effective development of relations between the EU and Central Asian states. He carries out a structural analysis of conceptual documents of the European Union for the development of bilateral and multilateral relations with Central Asian countries in the region. Scientific novelty of this work lies in the systematization of stages in the evolution of relations between the European Union and the countries of Central Asia. The author divides the formation of cooperation into four main stages. The first stage of the relations between the EU and the countries of Central Asia includes conceptual framework of the legal regulatory structure of bilateral and multilateral cooperation. The second stage is characterized by the realization of a number of joint projects in the field of transport communications, democratic transformations, regional security and stability. The third stage of the relations is determined by acquiring of special geographical significance of the region of Central Asia resulting from the engagement of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan in 2001. The fourth stage has begun in 2015 with the adoption of the EU Strategy for a New Partnership with Central Asia for 2017-2021. These studies serve as a basis for developing some important proposals and recommendations for the improvement of the effectiveness of cooperation between the parties.

The article examined the dynamics of demographical and migration processes in the Russian Far East during reform in 1991–2016. The factors of changes in population in the region are analyzed. The emphasis is made on the natural reproduction, the ratio of birth and death. During 1926–1991 the population increased 5.1 times, while during 1991–2017 it decreased 23.2%. The migration flows: intraregional, migration cooperation with Russian federal districts and external migration to CIS and other countries, are analyzed. The migration flows are mainly directed at the Central, North-Western and Southern Federal Districts. The data cited show stable negative trend in the region: the decrease in population due to migration outflow. Far East is not competitive against other federal districts based on the level of socio-economic parameters that are the main factor in migration behavior of population. The conclusion is that the trends established during the 25 years make it problematic to achieve the strategic goal of socio-economic development of the region – stabilizing the population on the level of 6.2–6.3 mil people by 2020

This article makes a study of the actions of different groups of civilians during the Battle of Khasan Lake. The research was carried out on the basis of the data from the Archive of Primorsky Krai and National Institute for Defense Studies of Ministry of Defense (Japan). This article analyses the difference in the attitude and involvement of the civilians and armies of both Japan and the USSR. The citizens of the Soviet Union provided tremendous assistance to the Red Army. In particular, collective farmers, workers, women helped to carry ammunition, provided care, supplied the Red Army with food. The ethnic Koreans, the Manchus, the Japanese, the white emigrants from Russia formed a multi-national state in Manchukuo on the Japanese territories. None of them strived to help Japanese army except white emigrants. However, the others supported the Japanese only in words but not in deeds, for example, the ethnic Koreans escaped from a place of hostilities. The behaviour of the civilians of the USSR and Manchukuo makes it clear that in the eyes of the inhabitants of the Russian Far East this conflict was perceived as a Patriotic War, whereas the civilian population of the Japanese territories did not feel involvement in this conflict. The difference in perception and action of civilians in the Japanese territories and the USSR is studied in this article.

The article deals with the problems and consequences of inequality in society and the erosion of the middle class in the developed countries, as well as the particularities of these processes in Russia. The result of the growing inequality in the United States and other leading countries is an aggravation of social problems. It is difficult for a large number of young people to get а high-quality education and, in the long run, paid jobs and their own homes. There has been a deterioration of health, reduction of life expectancy for the poorest sectors of the population, increase in crime and in the number of people in custody. Leading scientists from the West offer solutions to these problems. The article shows that Russian “middle class” has the essential features and is still in the course of its formation. Crisis of 2014 damaged Russian middle class, which performs important functions in the economic and social development of Russia. That class is the main consumer of the produced economic benefits; investor whose savings are channeled to the development of the economy. Representatives of the middle class generate and accumulate human capital needed for the development of an innovative economy. The crucial role of this layer of society is to serve as a social stabilizer. The slowdown of the middle class, and even more, its size reduction can cause serious damage to the economic and social development of Russia.

This article analyzes the driving factors of socio-cultural dynamics of modernity, as one of which examines migration and its consequences. Recent wave of refugees’ giant stream from the Middle East, mainly Islamic religion, hit the quiet and secured Western Europe that was the object of their aspirations. The countries of Western Europe priority oriented on secular values are radically far from the familiar world of migrants, which exacerbates for the latter a problem of transitional period. Active participation in various forms of sports interaction and success achievement in this field is proposed and grounded in the article as the optimal way of effective inculturation of migrants in the European community. The attempt to use sport as an element of cultural innovation has been made repeatedly which shows its creative potential. Various tendencies, such as Taylorism, futurism (Russian and European), fascism, Soviet “anthroposociology”, functionalism and ideological movement of technocrats actively exploited symbols, images, features and ideas of sport. The field of sport acts as a space of opportunities for exercise, playback and development of behavior patterns as for specific individuals and for certain social groups with the subsequent carrying over to real life with a certain degree of success.

The article is devoted to the key events of the foreign policy of the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic (1918-1920), the first state in the Muslim world with a republican form of government, and Great Britain, which initially pursued an occupation policy, and later promoted the de facto recognition of the newly formed state at the Paris Peace Conference. Also, the Republic of Azerbaijan viewed Great Britain as a Mandatory Power and sought to coordinate its foreign policy with it. The research is based on new sources previously not introduced into scientific circulation. A special place here is occupied by the documents of the head of the Azerbaijani delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, Alimardan Topchibashev, published in 2016 in the collection of documents The Paris Archives. The history of the first Azerbaijan Democratic Republic is represented, mainly, in the works of Azerbaijani researchers, among which Jamil Hasanli and Sevinj Yusifzadeh are widely known. In Russian science, the topic is practically not investigated.

The tools of the state regional policy in the Far East are varied and include regional programs, special economic zones, territorial development zones, the free port of Vladivostok, territories of advanced socio-economic development, and are aimed at selective support of individual territories. Analyzing the results of application of certain tools is complicated by the lack of unified definition of used terms, lack of information and methods for assessing the role of administrative preferences provided by authorities for implementation of regional projects. It is shown that the evaluation of effectiveness of applying the tools is done only during the validation of necessity of using specific tools, while the monitoring of ongoing projects and programs is done using the indicators of distribution and usage of investments. It is not enough for conclusive assessment of effectiveness. The excessive variety of tools of federal support for entrepreneurship in local zones in the Far East is mostly explained by disagreements between federal ministries. The article shows that the eagerness for creating territories with special regimes created high expectations and led to treating them as panacea, although none of the territories created in the Far East had shown any real effect of distribution of innovations. The conclusion is that it is sensible to improve the existing tools of federal support of local zones in the region, not to create the new ones

The article is dedicated to one of the most pressing problems of our time — migration. Depopulation, population ageing, falling birth rate among the indigenous population creates conditions when migration becomes one of the most important sources of population growth in developed countries. Despite the fact that the problems depopulation can’t be solved only through migration, it is impossible to manage the situation without migrants, otherwise population will decline even more rapidly. The article analyzes particularities of migration in Russia, especially focusing on migration in Moscow. The main emphasis is made on the problems of interaction between migrants and the host community, or more precisely on the attitudes towards migrants among Muscovites. There is a high level of anti-immigrant and xenophobic attitudes among Moscow’s residents, which points to the necessity to overcome migrantophobia, promote tolerance, establish cultural dialogue between migrants and the indigenous population of the region. Negative consequences of xenophobia are analyzed, which pose a threat to Russian stability and security. A lot of attention is paid to such feature of contemporary migration as the increasing proportion of women among migrants — the feminization of migration, problems and prospects that follow it. In conclusions, the author relies on the existing statistical data, as well as the results of sociological research, conducted both on the national and regional levels.

After establishment of the Soviet power the Arctic for seven decades had been in the focus of attention accomplishing the heroic, repressive, “educational”, economic, political and ideological functions. In 1930-1950 General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Communist Party I.V. Stalin created the first Soviet Arctic shield that included the economic and military strategic power, transport targeted to protection of entirety and security of the Soviet country. The Stalin’s large-scale project of Arctic development was made public in 1931 and was targeted to the enhanced protection of the polar waters by establishing the naval base on the Barents Sea. For implementation of this project the White Sea-Baltic canal was constructed. The Trust “Arktikugol” was established on the Spitsbergen Archipelago to supply coal to the Northern Navy Fleet. The sea expedition over the Northern Sea Route was also organized to prove the possibility of shipping along this route for one navigation season. Upon its successful completion the Chief Department “Sevmorput” was set up here. The epoch of airship construction was opened to explore the Arctic air expanses. Later on there were expeditions to the North Pole, deployment of army on the Chukotka Peninsula, new expeditions to high latitude terrains, construction of high-capacity icebreakers, aerodromes and military bases on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Unfortunately, in the 1990s in the time of the Soviet Union breakup and perestroika many facilities of the Stalin’s Arctic Shield had been lost and ceased to exist. The early 21st century witnessed the second energetic and goal-oriented breakthrough into the Arctic region and establishment of the second Arctic Shield or bastion based on the key principles of the Soviet Arctic Shield or, in other words, its upgrade in the new conditions of the polycentric world, which is justly connected with the name of Russian President Putin. The interest to the Arctic was revived after V.V. Putin was elected in 2000 the RF President and this was observed against the sharp changes in the political and economic situation in the country. The underlying stimuli were the opening of large offshore hydrocarbon fields in the Arctic seas and global climate warming. From this time on when the interest to the Arctic was on the rise again the attitude of the Russian president and government to this region had changed enormously. Putin personally keep in the focus of his attention all Arctic issues. One of the strategic goals of the policy formulated by Putin is apparently the revival of the Russian Arctic, creation of own Arctic Shield understanding quite clearly that this would require construction anew of the great part of the Arctic infrastructure. This publication investigates in detail the steps of V.V. Putin taken for development of the Arctic ways.

The article describes the criteria for ideas “failed state” and a “gray zone” of world politics. On the basis of States' implementation of the internal functions of the conclusion of the similarity of the past with the modern states and failed state “gray zones” of world politics. Identified three types of failed state in the modern world.

The article examines fundamental demographic changes in the USA that have been shifting the electorate and as a result - American politics; with wide gaps between the generations on key social, economic, political issues. The US presidential elections since 1980 were dominated by baby boomers (born 1946-1964) and prior generations, who have cast the vast majority of votes in every presidential election. The 2016 electorate has been the most diverse in the US history due to strong growth of young generations, and especially among Hispanic eligible voters. Millennials (born 1981–1998) and X generation (born 1965-1980) surpassed Baby Boomers and more old generations whose choices differ significantly in many fields; but the key problem is who really votes. The age structure of the American electorate and its influence on the election results; the role of pensioners and those, who’ll retire in the nearest future, as voters at the federal and state levels are in focus.

The article refl ects the infl uence of the migration processes to the economic security of European Union. The article underlines most common economical risks in case if there is an increase of the volume of migration and describes the ways how to reduce those risks. The main conclusions obtained from the results of the study, can be structured as follows: trends and consequences of the migration crisis in the European Union are defi ned by the set of reasons that are due on the one hand the policy of transparency being implemented by individual countries, making the whole European Union is the center of attraction of immigrants (primarily from the MENA countries) and other hand, the intense and growing fl ow of migrants creates regional threats, including the European Union's economic security; the problem of ensuring the economic security of the European Union in the context of the impact of the migration crisis is most actual issue at the moment and the main reason is that the accumulation of the fl ow of migrants to the strongest European economy – Germany. In this case, not only Germany, but also France (and until recently UK) had to improve the economic and social consequences of migration and also to implement measures aimed to recover from fi nancial crisis of the last few years, the consequences of which to date are shown in the many social and economic areas of the European Union; addressing the problem with migration crisis in the European Union seems to use a special system of measures, in which on the one hand realized containment of migration fl ows and on the other hand held solutions aimed at the assimilation of migrants in multicultural environment with full adoption of the latest socio-economic, democratic and moral values specifi c to European societies.

The article deals with the analogue forms of civil society in the Islamic countries of the South. The author analyzes the formation and development of the civil society in this region of the world, its specifics and peculiarities. The author also shows that burgeoning civil society models of non-western area have their own specific features, which are determined by a unique way of civilizational development and by significant impact of the religious factor. The present research brings up a methodological novation - an analogous civil society. According to this novation, the developing political system (which takes part in civilizational competition with other systems and tries to use their historical experience and accumulated resources explicitly, for example, by attracting ideas, technologies, investments, or implicitly - by creating the same resources through modernization and social mobilization) does not imply an organic link between ideologically reflected meaning of this system's existence, the forms of such existence, and the main institutions' functionality. Moreover, this smoothness is not very important and desirable for the analogue system or its components. The meaning of such system's existence is using the forms, principles, mechanisms, elaborated through historical development of social and political systems for their own specific purposes, for the sake of diametrically opposed goals that sometimes are not very detailed.

Policy management of modern China aims to achieve a high level of welfare state. One of the important components that contributes to the achievement of this goal is the expansion of China's cooperation with the Middle East countries in all fields. At present, China is interested in obtaining energy from the Middle East oil fields. Of great importance is the transport infrastructure expansion between the regions. Construction and operation of oil pipelines, gas pipelines and land transport routes will reduce the risks of transporting raw materials and other goods from one region to another. The paper discusses the features of the development of rail and sea links as part of the strategy of «economic belt of the Silk Road» and «Marine Silk Road of XXI century».