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Yeast abundance and species diversity of endophytic complexes in galls (cecidia) formed on the leaves of Salix fragilis, Salix caprea, Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, and Ulmus laevis and the epiphytic yeast communities of undamaged leaves of these plants were studied. Dynamics of yeast abundance in the galls was significantly different from that of the epiphytic yeast communities. Maximum numbers of endophytic yeast cells in the galls (up to 104 CFU/g) were comparable to abundance of epiphytic yeasts. A total of 14 species of endophytic yeasts were isolated from galls of different plants. Ascomycetous yeasts were found to predominate in the insect galls on willows and oak, while basidiomycetous yeasts dominated in mite galls on linden and elm, as well as on plant leaves. These results indicate that gall formation may be considered not only as a bidirectional pathological process of the interaction between plants and invertebrates, but also as a process in which the endophytic microbial population of the galls plays an important role.

Aim: To investigate the mycobiota of usual and water-resistant plasterboard of two types and to represent its ecological characteristic., Methods: Microscopic fungi were iso- lated using the method of modeling effects of humid air and water on the plasterboard, and methods of serial dilutions and direct inoculation on agar nutrient media. Analysis of mycobiota of different types of plasterboard was conducted using the methods of quan- titative ecology., Results and Conclusions: For the first time the mycobiota of usual and water-resistant plasterboard was characterized and compared. Simulation results of the modeling effects on plasterboard moist air and water directly, it was established that the species of genera Aspergillus; Chaetomium, Dicyma, Penicillium grew under the action of high relative humidity (above 90 %). The direct effect of water promoted the growth of Alternaria, Cladosporium and Stachybotrys. The highest similarity of mycobiota was conducted for samples of plasterboard produced in 2010. The highest species diversity of microscopic fungi was established for plasterboard 2010, what was twice as high as the usual 2005; the total number of species was also three times more. More than 50 species of micromycetes were isolated from the surface of plasterboard and gypsum, among them A. flavipes, C. globosum, D. aurea, T viride often occurred on cardboard and A. chla- mydosopra, A. infectoria, C. cladosporioides, S. chartarum - in the gypsum core.