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Link for citation: Popova M.S., Neskoromnykh V.V., Zotov Z.G., Liu Baochang. Modern basis of automation of diamond drilling control. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 6, рр.103-112. In Rus. The relevance. Diamond drilling is one of the promising and versatile methods of well drilling, which makes it possible to achieve high drilling speeds at great depths of work. At the same time, an expensive diamond tool needs to save a resource. The developed method for managing diamond drilling based on a comprehensive analysis of criteria using the method of a full factorial experiment is effective if it is implemented in real time. Thus, the problem of developing an automated control system for the diamond drilling mode, which makes it possible to save the resource of the tool while ensuring high rates of mechanical drilling speed and minimal power consumption, is topical. This approach will improve the technical and economic results of diamond drilling. The aim of the work is to develop a reliable interactive system of ground sensors and a computer complex that allows implementing automated control of diamond drilling based on a comprehensive analysis of criteria that fully characterize complex drilling and operate in real time. Objects: diamond drilling, interactive systems, devices and sensors of the latest generation. Methods: analytical research, computer simulation, full factorial experiment. Results. The paper introduces the system of sensors and computing unit, consisting of computers and software, capable of collecting and processing information in detail, which makes it possible to give a full assessment of the work of the tool at the bottomhole. The authors describe the scheme of interaction of devices for automation of diamond drilling. The paper introduces the detailed description of the software operation from the sensor signal to the display of the results on the display screen and the characteristic of the result of the application of an automated control system for diamond drilling.

This paper presents the results of the development of automatic control systems for walking dragline excavator digging process. The process enables operational productivity to be enhanced through optimizing digging process. This also prevents extreme loads on machinery and hoist cable deflection. The paper also describes mathematical models of the electric drives of the main excavator machinery which form the bucket motion and the model of cable length change. Further the study will analyse the tructure of the control system and the automatic digging algorithm. Computer modeling findings are also described to confirm the operability of the automatic digging algorithm. Computer simulation of the processes in electric drives of main machinery of a walking dragline in digging operations was performed by means of SimInTech software. The automatic control system optimizes digging trajectory with very fast penetration with permissible overregulation following digging at a constant cut depth. The integrated system of dragline operation process control is practically independent due to the following factors: the automatic digging control system in combination with automatic systems for transporting the loaded bucket to dump and the empty bucket to the face; the automatic main machinery overload protection systems; and the system of control over safe bucket movement in the dragline working space.

Vibromonitoring is the most methodologically developed and technically equipped with recording tools and data processing approach. However, in the sources of scientific and technical information about mining it is presented much less than other monitoring methods. One of the promising ways to solve this problem, in particular monitoring the breakage of cutting disc cutters of an executive body, is to use parameters of natural oscillations of the parts of gearboxes that occur during impulse loading due to such breakages. It should be noted that in the technically complex equipment of the mining industry, in particular in mining machines, there are many sources of vibration, the vibtaions of which are superimposed on each other. And it is not always possible to isolate and identify the required informative signal with the source. With this in mind the paper presents a research methodology on the possibility of monitoring the breakage of the executive body cutters on the example of the continuous miner “Universal 600” according to the parameters of natural vibrations of the executive body cutting discs arising from the breakage of the cutters. The place of registration of these vibrations is determined – the gearbox handles, on the output shafts of which cutting discs are placed. The frequency of such vibrations is set equal to ~5 Hz. The possibility of using the AGAT-M vibration analyzer with M/AC102-1A vibration sensors as a means of further research has been substantiated in the paper. The paper considers an option of placing vibration sensors on non-rotating gear housings of the executive body drive. An algorithm for recording vibration parameters has been developed, which makes it possible to separate its sources.

Copyright of Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control is the property of Zaporizhzhia National Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The 21st century aviation and aerospace technologies have evolved and become more complex and technical. Turbofan jet engines as well as their cousins, the rocket engines (liquid/solid) have gone through several design upgrades and enhancements during the course of their design and exploitation. These technological upgrades have made engines very complex and expensive machines which need constant monitoring during their working phase. As the demand and use of such engines is growing steadily, both in the civilian and military sectors, it becomes necessary to monitor and predict the behavior of parametric data generated by these complex engines during their working phases. In this paper flight parameters such as Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT), Engine Fan Speeds (N1 and N2), Fuel Flow (FF), Oil Temperature (OT), Oil Pressure (OP), Vibration and others where used to determine engine fault. All turbo fan engines go through several distinctly different working phases: Take-off phase, Cruise phase and Landing phase. Recording generated parametric data during these different phases leads to a massive amount of in-flight data and maintenance reports, which makes the task of designing and developing a fault diagnostic system highly challenging. It becomes imperative to use modern techniques in data analysis that can handle large volumes of generated data and provide clear visual results for determining the technical status of the engine under investigation/monitoring. These modern techniques should be able to give clear and objective assessment of the object under investigation. Cluster analysis methods based on Neural Networks such as c-means, k-means, self-organizing maps and DBSCAN algorithm have been used to build clusters. Differences in cluster groupings/patterns between healthy engine and engine with degraded performance are compared and used as the bases for defining faults. Fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in aircraft engine management. Timely and accurate detection of faults is the foundation on which maintenance turnaround times, operational costs and flight safety are based. The data used in this paper for analysis was obtained from flight data recorder during one flight cycle. The final decision on a fault is taken by an engineer.

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bernoulli numbers are often found in mathematical analysis, number theory, combinatorics, and other areas of mathematics. In some monographs on number theory there are separate chapters devoted only to Bernoulli numbers and their properties. Algorithms for calculating Bernoulli numbers are built into all popular mathematical packages: Mathematica, Matlab, Magma, Pari GP, etc. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for calculating Bernoulli numbers, which is faster than the known ones. The essence of our approach is to improve the Harvey multimodular method due to making sparse of large calculated sums, when we express the sums in half the interval in terms of sums in the intervals of length 1/12 or even 1/15 of the length of the summation interval. It is proved in the paper that such a reduction in the summation intervals can be achieved for the vast majority of prime numbers. At the same time, inconvenient prime numbers (and there are them no more than 0.01% for large values of n) can be simply excluded from the list those by modulo of which the current Bernoulli number is calculated. The algorithm of fast calculation proposed by us in the article (acceleration is more than three times as compared with the Harvey algorithm) of Bernoulli numbers modulo prime numbers can also be successfully used to find irregular prime numbers, irregular pairs (p, n), and also when calculating Iwasawa invariants. When calculating the irregular pairs (p, n) and Iwasawa invariants, the algorithm presented in our work is significantly (more than 10 times) more efficient.

This paper is a logical continuation of the paper about possible approaches to solving the “Useful Proof-of-work for blockchains” problem. We suggest some alternative ways for searching useful tasks for Proof-of-work systems. These ways are based on the process of the multiple and independent repetition of a simple experiment. The experiment is to chose an element independently and uniformly from a quite large set and then to check if the chosen element has a specific rare property. In the classic blockchain of Bitcoin this experiment is a so-called hash-puzzle. In these terms the process of solving a hash-puzzle may be replaced by searching rare astronomical objects or Go positions with specific conditions. Moreover, we describe a possible attack on the blockchain systems in which the task instance generation algorithm is replaced by the algorithm of selecting the task instance from the existing database with public access for publication of task instances and discuss the way of protection.

There is a lot of routine work in any organization, including in recruitment agencies. Effective management organization and automation of activities of employees of recruiting agencies is not an easy task. The system should automate the routine actions of workers of recruiting agencies and be convenient for their clients. This paper proposes an approach to automating the selection of necessary medical staff. Not all information systems used by recruiting agencies can compare candidates and generate results that include several of the best candidates. Based on the analysis of the subject area, groups of parameters that significantly affect the choice of medical personnel were determined. The proposed approach is to analyze the request from the client, and then in the system find requests of other clients similar to it in terms of parameters, for which a candidate has already been found. The next step is to take the profiles of healthcare professionals that have been suggested for these requests (they act as benchmarks) to further compare them with existing candidates. Each employee profile parameter has its own similarity function. Available candidates will receive scores and will be ranked. We also additionally adjust the assessment by comparing candidates with the current request. Software was developed to automate the selection of medical personnel. For its implementation, a three-level client-server architecture is proposed. MVC (Model View Controller) architecture was chosen for the server part. The Single Page Application architectural template is used for the client part. The server part is divided into three layers, which further demarcate and structure the responsibilities of the system components. .NET technologies are used to implement business logic. SQL Server is used for the server and database provider. The use of the software implementation of the developed system demonstrated quite good results. The average time for selecting the 10 best candidates out of 500 is 0.4 seconds, and the processing of only 1 resume by a person takes several minutes.

Objective: to determine the possibility of professional legal activity automation and to identify the limitations that in a democratic society are associated with the use of software capable of generating effective legal solutions in conflict situations.Methods: the conducted empirical research is based on the methodology of social sciences, sociology of law, principles of communicative and communicational theories of law, and formal-legal analysis of legal documents.Results: the paper presents examples of functioning of computer systems that imitate some specific aspects of human intelligence in decision-making. The concept of algorithm and the main characteristics of tasks performed by artificial intelligence systems are defined. The relevance, methods and achievements of sociology of law are outlined, which underlie the systems or computer programs helping to resolve legal conflicts. It is found that the research tools developed as a methodology within the sociology of law since its emergence will be more widely used in the future, due to the growing use of information and communication technologies in legal activities. It is shown that in the administration of justice it is impossible to generate solutions only on the basis of artificial intelligence, since law and the process of making legal decisions on its basis has more complex characteristics in a democratic society. It is emphasized that obtaining the desired legal result is not limited to the processes of algorithmization, categorization or formal exegetics of legal texts. It rather consists in understanding and thinking in accordance with the accepted values, meanings, evaluative criteria, strategies, perspectives, etc.Scientific novelty: the article reveals the significance of the principles of communicative and communicational theories of law under the development of information and communication technologies in legal activity. The main limitations of the use of artificial intelligence in legal activity and, in particular, in justice are identified.Practical significance: the formulated provisions help, while improving legal regulation, to avoid insufficiently justified decisions on the automation of law enforcement, as well as to take into account the increasing importance of the principles of communicative and communicational theories of law in such types of legal activities as creation, interpretation and application of laws.

This paper briefly describes the development of information technology tools using biometric data, in particular, human gait parameters. The problems of assessing gait parameters using a mobile phone accelerometer in real conditions are briefly described. The relevance of this research is substantiated in the field of developing algorithms for assessing biometric gait indicators based on data from wearable devices. The main approaches to the processing of wearable device accelerometer data are considered, the main shortcomings and problems in improving the quality of gait parameter estimation are indicated. The algorithm for processing data from a mobile phone accelerometer is described. In the proposed algorithm, the selection of movement patterns during gait in the recorded data is carried out on the basis of statistical information within the “floating” time window (frequency component with the maximum contribution to the spectrum of the accelerometer signal, the duration of the selected time segments), as well as on the basis of the value of the correlation coefficient, selected time segments. At the stage of data segmentation, the time window of searching of movement segments, as well as the allowable thresholds of selecting movements by their duration, change depending on the individual characteristics of the gait and human activity. The classification of the selected segments according to the nature of gait movements is carried out on the basis of a feed-forward neural network. The sigmoid was used as the activation function for the hidden layers, and the normalized exponential function was used for the output layer. The neural network was trained using the gradient backdescent method with cross entropy as an optimization criterion. Due to the selection of segments with a high correlation coefficient, the classification of data shows the quality of distinguishing movements above 95%.

This paper presents the results of the analysis of existing methods for clustering data obtained during endoscopy of a larynx. A modification of the Viola-Jones method for image recognition using the flexible exit criterion is proposed. The Viola-Jones method explores all areas in the image and decides whether the recognized area belongs to the desired one by passing through a classified cascade. Endoscopic images have a large number of features, such as flare, noise, etc., which degrade the quality of recognition. To improve the quality of recognition, clustering with a flexible exit criterion was proposed, which satisfies the scalability criteria: changing the decision of the solution, instead of moving to another recognition area. It has been established that the proposed modification of the Viola-Jones method shows higher recognition results for endoscopic images.

The paper describes a distributed algorithm and a structure of the software package for its implementation in which a program for computing the vehicle launch dynamics under interaction with the medium flow is complemented with a program to determine the unsteady hydrodynamic loads by the vortex element method.A distinctive feature of the developed system is that its local (running on a single computing core) LEAVING program to calculate the launch dynamics runs together with concurrent (running on multiple computing cores) MDVDD program to compute the unsteady vortex flow and hydrodynamic loads. The LEAVING program is the main one. It is launched app and then runs the MDVDD program in concurrent mode on the specified number of cores. Using MPI technology allows you to use a multiprocessor PC or a local network of multiple PCs to perform calculations. The equations of launcher spring-mass model dynamics and equations of vortex elements parameters evolution are integrated with the same time step. The interprogram communiaction in the step is provided asynchronously using the OS Windows Event mechanism (Events). Interfacing between LEAVING and MDVDD programs is built using the OS Windows FileMapping technology, which allows a specified data structure to be displayed and read to the fixed memory area.The paper provides analysis of acceleration achieved with parallel processing on different numbers of cores, and defines a parallelization degree of various operations. It shows that the parallelization efficiency of the developed algorithm is slower than in case of calculation of the rigid body flow. The causes of reduced efficiency are discussed.It is shown that the developed algorithm can be effectively used to solve problems on a small number of cores, e.g. on PC based on one or two quad-core processors.

Background. The study of electronic equipment in the field of the impact of vibration load on it does not cease to be relevant for complex systems with high-speed electronic equipment. Printed circuit board manufacturing technologies, and the printed circuit board itself, currently represents a well-established production mechanism, as a result of which a high-quality product in the form of printed circuit boards is obtained. But despite the high degree of reliability of electronic equipment, and in particular its component part, as a printed circuit board, when certain conditions of external influencing factors occur, there is a high chance of its failure due to the occurrence of critical deformations and mechanical stresses in the design of the printed circuit board. In this regard, there is a problem of taking into account critical deformations in the design of the printed circuit board when certain (harsh) conditions of external influencing factors occur and developing ways to analyze, prevent and improve the design of the printed circuit board. Materials and methods. The paper uses methods and methods of mathematical, simulation, algorithmic and software analysis and calculation of critical deformations taking into account mechanical stresses in typical PCB designs to increase its mechanical strength. Results. Models and methods of modeling electronic equipment designs have been improved to improve accuracy and reliability prediction. Conclusions. The refined mathematical and simulation models of calculation of mechanical stresses and displacements of the printed circuit board, the algorithm of application of the refined mathematical model, the program of calculation of the clarifying coefficient are developed.

The analysis shows that the real information flows are characterized by: arbitrary distribution function; the presence of both quantitative and qualitative indicators; the absence of part of the meaningful data fragments; unreliability of data associated with errors in registration and their entry; parametric redundancy. Not all of the existing tools included in most of the instrumental systems, make it possible to solve a number of these problems. The article deals with the problem related to information filtering. The illustration of an algorithm scheme, which allows to conduct information filtering, is presented. The stages used in the construction of the algorithm are specified in detail. The geometric approach is applied. It gives an opportunity to lead consideration of information messages in the form of “constellations” which are connected with the i-dimensional feature hyperspace. An algorithm that allows to implement gap filling is proposed. The results presented in the paper can be useful when considering different information flows in modern information systems.

Subject and Purpose. The subject of research is the flicker noise present in informant signals of search-and-rescue radars, specifically its properties and the effect it may have on algorithms for detecting and identifying manifestations of human breath and heartbeat processes during rescue operations. The work has been aimed at creating a suitable description of flicker noise for developing optimal algorithms of digital signal processing for quick detection and identification of informant signals during rescue missions. Method and Methodology. The low-frequency flicker noise has been modeled within the polynomial equations technique, proceeding from an analysis of real data on noise components in the output signals from a coherent search-and-rescue radar. A comparative analysis is done for a variety of approximating functions suggested for representing the low frequency portion of the spectrum observed. Results. For the low-frequency range wherein spectral components of the informative signal owing to respiration and heartbeat of humans are concentrated, an adequate model of the fluctuating interference is the flicker noise model built on the basis of polynomial equations. The problem of optimized model representation of the noise in digital signal processing algorithms has been analyzed for the case of a coherent search-and-rescue radar. A model of the fluctuating process has been suggested, based on a polynomial approximation for the spectral function in the low-frequency range of the signals observed at the radar output. Conclusion. Spectral characteristics of both interference and informant signals have been investigated. A structural diagram has been proposed for a high sensitivity, coherent search-and-rescue radar implementing a signal storage algorithm based on the polynomial model of the fluctuating process. The advantages and disadvantages of the radar are discussed, with examples given of real signal implementations and of noise spectrograms. Methods of effective estimation of Doppler signal phases are presented. The paper suggests an analysis of basic requirements as to parameters and performance characteristics of the rescue radar.

Ubiquitous computerization and digitalization are contributing to the unprecedented growth of the software market. Computer programs are protected as subject of copyright law in international law and domestic legal systems. However, copyright law does not protect the interests of the copyright holder from borrowing ideas and algorithms which often have agreat commercial value. This circumstance has prompted the legal science and law enforcement practice of the most developed states to justify the possibility of protecting computer programs and their algorithms. The leading states chosen for in this paper are the G20 states. The relevance of this choice is due to the following: 1) The G20 states account for 86% of global GDP; 2) All world leaders in computer software development are G20 members; 3) All BRICS states are G20 members; 4) The law-and-orders of the G20 states are relevant to all existing traditions of the legal protection of intellectual property in the world. The legal systems of the G20 states follow one of three approaches according to the criterion of patentability of computer programs and their algorithms. We call the first approach “neutral.” It includes States which legislation does not explicitly prohibit the patenting of computer programs, but computer programs themselves are not mentioned among the subject matters of inventions. The second (“positive”) approach includes those states which legislation explicitly classifies computer programs as patentable inventions. On the contrary, the third (“negating”) approach includes states where it is legally established that computer programs as such are unpatentable. The results of the research demonstrate that there is no direct correlation between the way of solving the issue of patentability of computer program algorithms in different legal systems and the state’s place in the global IT market. For example, the United States and China take aneutral approach, Japan takes apositive approach, the EU Member States and India take anegating approach. We believe that the most flexible approach is aneutral approach from the point of view of patent law policy. The most liberal and consistent approach is the positive approach presented by the Japanese legal system. Finally, the negating approach is the most controversial and at the same time widespread among the G20 and BRICS states.

Objective: the paper aims to define the problems juridical theory and practice face with the progress of AI technologies in everyday life and correlate these problems with the human-centered approach to exploring artificial intelligence (Human-Centered AI).Methods: the research critically analyzes the relevant literature from various disciplines: jurisprudence, sociology, philosophy, and computer sciences.Results: the article articulates the prospects and problems the legal system confronts with the advancement of digital technologies in general and the tools of AI specifically. The identified problems are correlated with the provisions of the human-centered approach to AI. The authors acknowledge the necessity for AI inventors, as well as the owners of companies participating in the race to develop artificial intelligence technologies, to place humans, not machines, into the focus of attention as a primary value. In particular, special effort should be directed towards collecting and analyzing high-quality data for the organization of artificial intelligence tools development, taking into account that nowadays, the tools of AI are as practical as the data on which they are trained are effective.The authors formulate three principles of human-centered AI for the legal sphere: 1) a human as a necessary link in the chain of making and executing legal decisions; 2) the need to regulate artificial intelligence at the international law level; 3) formulating “a taboo” for introducing the artificial intelligence technologies.Scientific novelty: the article manifests one of the first attempts in the Russianlanguage scientific literature to outline the prospects of developing humancentered AI methodology in jurisprudence. Based on an analysis of special literature, the authors formulate three principles of including artificial intelligence into juridical theory and practice according to the assumptions of a human-centered approach to AI.Practical significance: the principles and arguments the article advances can be helpful in the legal regulation of artificial intelligence technologies and their harmonious inclusion into legal practices.

THE PURPOSE. In modern control systems of various industrial units, the basis for the automation of technological processes is an electric drive. High requirements for the quality of the control process determine the formulation and solution of scientific and practical tasks for the development and creation of new promising control systems for electric drives (EDCS), allowing to maintain the required quality of functioning under the influence of destabilizing factors. These factors can affect the control system in the form of external disturbances and be summed up with the corresponding signals of the closed EDCS, and also be expressed in the form of parametric disturbances. The need arises to create such a control system that will allow for the identification of the parameters of the EDCS by introducing the appropriate identification algorithms into its structure.METHODS. When solving the problem, a search-free gradient method of adaptive identification was used, implemented by means of the MatLab software environment.RESULTS. The paper considers the problem of parametric identification of an electric drive with a DC motor based on the definition of sensitivity functions. Wherein to construct an algorithm for parametric identification, an inverse model of the studied EDCS is used, the quality indicator is the squared discrepancy, and the identifiable parameter is the overall transmission coefficient of the electric drive.CONCLUSION. Modeling in the MatLab software environment showed a high robustness of the developed identification algorithm to parametric disturbances that do not affect the steadystate value of the identified parameter. The proposed method for compensating the moment of resistance electric drive also made it possible to provide a low sensitivity algorithm to external disturbances. The identification of the overall transmission coefficient of a DC electric drive is carried out with an error not exceeding 0.5% in real time under the conditions of the influence of disturbances of various physical nature.

This paper stands as an argument for employing educational software in teaching and evaluating skills and knowledge in higher education. The authors’ main goal is to pinpoint and focus on strategies of teaching through the use of modern means, namely educational software.

Introduction. The widespread introduction of unmanned technologies quickly captures various industries and economies. Unmanned taxis are already moving through the streets of cities, including in our country. The introduction of unmanned technologies in the construction industry, namely in construction machines is a promising direction that will develop quite rapidly in the next few years. The construction machine closest in terms of control algorithm to an unmanned vehicle is an auto grader. One of the first stages of creating an unmanned grader is the construction of its trajectory. This paper presents methods for controlling the course of an unmanned vehicle, which can be adapted to control the grader.Materials and methods. Theoretical studies were carried out on a mathematical model of the working process of the grader, developed using the methodology of system analysis and presented by differential equations of the second order.Results. An efficiency criterion is proposed by which management methods can be compared. To evaluate the effectiveness of the presented methods, theoretical studies of the mathematical model of the working process of the grader were carried out according to the proposed efficiency criterion. The effectiveness of the copier control method for various values of the base length, base coefficient and grader speed has been confirmed. Conclusion. The proposed control methods can be used to create promising autonomous traffic control systems for graders and other road construction vehicles.

The paper considers the use of HIL technology for testing and debugging the algorithm for damping longitudinal ad angular vibrations of a mining dump truck. Using a computer dynamic model of the mining dump truck, the proposed algorithm for damping longitudinal and angular vibrations has been tested for cases of movement on roads with different characteristics of the micro-profile. The efficiency of functioning of the developed algorithm of longitudinal and angular oscillations and the possibility of reducing the oscillation amplitude in the dump truck cabin by 20 % have been confirmed. A semi-natural bench has been formed for testing and debugging the software of the longitudinal and angular vibration damping system. For the on-board controller of the dump truck, software has been developed that implements the control of the brake system according to the proposed algorithm for damping longitudinal and angular vibrations.

The Sentaurus TCAD software package is widely used in the modeling of semiconductor optoelectronic devices. The main part of simulating solar elements is creating a correct geometric model. A geometric model can be built using the SDE module in two different ways, i.e. by writing code or using standard shapes in a graphical environment. Creating complex structures using simple shapes is time-consuming and labour intensive. Therefore, this paper provides data on how to develop algorithms using geometric models of complex structural solar cells. A universal algorithm has been developed for creating a geometric model of solar cells with a sinusoidal p-n junction and a rear multiple structure. Using these algorithms, it is possible to create geometric models of various solar cells from simple to complex structures. By applying this algorithm, the authors studied the dependence of photoelectric parameters of the p-n and n-p junction silicon solar cells on their thickness in order to find the optimum thickness for both structures. It has been found, that the optimum thickness was equal to 256 μm for p-n junction and 75 μm for n-p junction silicon solar cell. The maximum efficiency of p-n junction silicon solar cell is 1.4 times greater than that of n-p junction solar cell in their optimum thickness.

This paper deals with an optimal control problem for a linear discrete system subject to unknown bounded disturbances, where the control goal is to steer the system with guarantees into a given terminal set while minimising the terminal cost function. We define an optimal control strategy which takes into account the state of the system at one future time instant and propose an efficient numerical method for its construction. The results of numerical experiments show an improvement in performance under the optimal control strategy in comparison to the optimal open-loop worst-case control while maintaining comparable computation times.

The paper considers a digital image processing method that provides efficient transmission, redistribution and storage of aerospace environmental monitoring videographic information. The requirement to increase the monitoring efficiency, if necessary, to carry out regular monitoring of changes in the image field of the observed object is especially relevant when describing spatially aligned sets of images obtained after multi-zone, multi-time and multi-polarization shooting. In many remote sensing applications, the processing efficiency reflects the degree of reduction in the volume of transmitted, described, analyzed and stored videographic information. The computational processing of digital images based on the coordinate survey scheme is presented. The method can be used to perform the procedure for decoding images in order to solve the problem of classifying objects of interest, analyzing images. Such characteristics of binary objects as a spatial boundary and a contour were used as deciphering signs. These features make it possible to describe the shape of an object, its geometric parameters and search for images with specific spatial structures. The processing method is realized by executing efficient algorithms for coding an image on a discrete grid by means of a chain code and spectral coding based on the fast discrete Hartley transform. The result of processing comes down to minimizing the number of such basic computational operations as multiplication, addition, transferring, as well as reducing the time and capacitive complexity of the program, and reducing the redundancy of the initial data. An example of an effective representation and description of a segmented image of an object is given. The proposed method makes it possible to expand the technical capabilities of more efficient transmission and processing of images for solving problems in the field of remote sensing.

Objective. Investigation of the problems of zonal disintegration of rocks around deep underground workings in extremely small sampling, arising in geomechanical phenomena and processes in rock mass during mining. Methods. The primary tool used is numerical resampling methods, namely randomization, bootstrap, and Monte Carlo methods, which allow increasing the sample size, according to the available field data, to the required size for conducting a statistically sound analysis.Results. The problem of zonal fracture of rocks around deep underground workings is solved, for which the analytical dependence of the periodicity parameter of the defect function on the rock strength limit is estimated. The primary indicator of the statistical significance of the constructed model in work is the determination factor, based on which the type of analytical dependence under study is selected. Its deviation in the final model does not exceed 0.5% for any bootstrap sample volume, while in the other models considered in this paper, this value is achieved at n>200. Conclusion. The obtained interval estimates using bootstrap methods have a significant advantage over traditional approaches, increasing the reliability of the result in extremely small data samples without losing the level of significance.

The emergence of new technologies for the production of structural elements gives impetus to the development of new technologies for their design, in particular with the involvement of a topology optimization method. The most common algorithm for designing topologically optimal structures is focused on reducing their elastic flexibility at a given volume of material. However, a closer to the engineering design approach is the minimization of the volume of a structural element while limiting the resulting mechanical stresses. In contrast to the classical algorithms of this approach, which limit the values of stresses at certain points, this paper develops an alternative criterion: the formation of the image of a structural element is based on minimizing the integral parameter of stress distribution non-uniformity. The developed algorithm is based on the method of proportional topology optimization, and when mechanical stresses are calculated, the classical relations of the finite element method are used. The above parameter can be interpreted as the ratio of the deviation of the values, ordered in ascending order, of equivalent von Mises stresses in the finite elements of a calculation model from their linear approximation to the corresponding mean value. The search for the optimal result is carried out for the full range of possible values of the averaged "density" of the calculation area, which is associated with a decrease in the amount of input data. The proposed integrated strength criterion provides better uniformity of the optimized topology, allows us to smooth the effect of the local peak values of mechanical stresses, determining a single optimization result that is resistant to calculation errors. The algorithm is implemented in the MatLab software environment for two-dimensional models. The efficiency of the approach is tested on the optimization of a classical beam (mbb-beam), a cantilever beam, and an L-shaped beam. A comparative analysis of the obtained results with those available in the literature is given. It is shown that in the absence of constraint on the average value of the density of a finite element model, the proposed criterion gives a ″less dense″ optimization result compared to the classical one (approximately 40%), while the values of "contrast index" are quite close.

The aim of the article is to clarify the basics of the digitalization strategy of the competitive businesses and identify features of the institutional environment that ensure the development of cryptocurrency as a new asset (IT product) of the modern economy, analyze the methods of implementing the cryptocurrency business models. The relevance of the research paper is determined by the need to develop a competitive Russian cryptocurrency (including the cryptoruble) with the growing private, state and cross-national cryptocurrencies. The scientific novelty of the study implies clarifying the informal and formal rules of the institutional environment and related methods ensuring the development of a competitive cryptocurrency. The authors consider the following methods to implement the institutional features of the cryptocurrencies business model development: logic and blockchain algorithm that establish trust and collaboration between cryptocurrency developers; logic and blockchain consensus algorithm ensuring that all the parties of the blockchain network come to a common agreement (consensus); logic and blockchain algorithms that form cryptocurrency transactions and control its turnover by generating blocks of cryptocurrencies, by forming the structure of blocks and transactions of cryptocurrencies, by storing cryptocurrencies’ keys and providing security, by mining (forging) cryptocurrency, etс.The results of the study provide a basis for identifying the institutional features and the corresponding methods providing a competitive cryptocurrency development with a detailed analysis of the blockchain consensus algorithms that ensure the competitiveness of the cryptocurrency. The conclusions show that the most promising are the hybrid consensus algorithms which may include both the logic of two or more known algorithms and the original logic of a new algorithm. The authors recommend defining the logic of the blockchain consensus algorithm as a priority when developing a cryptocurrency to ensure reliability of the transactions in the blockchain network, thus increasing the competitiveness of the cryptocurrency.

Research on systemic problems of recognizing the level of danger of situations and preventing critical situations in complex systems of various purposes is an urgent task. This is because the partial or complete destruction of such systems causes not only catastrophic consequences for themselves, but also leads to significant losses that often exceed the cost of the systems themselves. The latter can be both material and non-material. The analysis of a number of catastrophes in different fields of human activity shows that the magnitude of losses can be much smaller if, in an emergency situation, rational decisions are made and implemented in a timely manner. One approach to addressing the challenges of identifying and preventing critical situations in complex systems is an approach based on the implementation of mechanisms for adjusting the awareness of the decision-maker. The paper formalizes the problem of increasing the reliability of data to determine the permissible time period for the formation and implementation of a solution for which the probability of transition of a certain situation in a critical, emergency or catastrophic will not exceed the set value, as well as the classification and recognition of the level of danger situations. Also, the analysis of the existing approach to solving the formulated problem in the case of applying a mechanistic approach to determining quantitative indicators of the decision-maker's awareness was made, which revealed the problematic issues that occur in its application. Based on the application of the analogy system, an approach is proposed to improve the efficiency of solving such problems and to provide software and algorithmic support for its implementation. This approach is based on establishing a list of reasons that determine the factors that may change the situation of the investigated system, their weight, options for the influence of causes on the appearance of the factor, and based on this refinement of the confidence indicator of the decision-maker. It can also be used to improve the accuracy of assessment and other quantitative indicators of a person's awareness, including completeness and timeliness. The algorithmic implementation of the author's approach for solving the problem under study allows you to automate the individual steps of solving the problem and improve the level of objectivity of the solutions.

Ventilation and air conditioning systems are necessary to regulate air exchange, maintain temperature and humidity, and provide a comfortable microclimate. Their installation is certainly relevant in premises for various purposes: at industrial facilities, in residential buildings, in administrative institutions, warehouses and others. In order to effectively carry out and ensure the proper functioning of ventilation, it is necessary to introduce automated control schemes for the operation of these systems, as well as the use of various modern equipment (ventilation units, ventilation units, silencers, air filters, air heaters, etc.) to increase the reliability of airspace cleaning and the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing the system generally. The paper presents the scheme and algorithm for the effective control of the technological process of the ventilation system of an industrial enterprise based on the TM171PDM27S Schneider Electric programmable logic controller. The analysis of existing ventilation systems is carried out, the description of ventilation systems is presented, the stand's appearance is presented, the choice of a programmable logic controller is justified, methodological recommendations for acquiring programming skills using the EcoStruxure Machine Expert - HVAC environment are presented, automatic control of the supply ventilation system for the foundry of an industrial enterprise is organized goals of a visual study of elements of ventilation systems, methods of regulation and control of parameters in ventilation systems. The main goal of creating a training stand is to study the settings and operating modes of automated ventilation and air conditioning control systems. In the course of further improvement of the circuit, classes of the following nature are possible: determination of the static and dynamic characteristics of the fan; study of the characteristics of an automated damper; pressure regulation by controlling a fan, etc.

The paper considers the solution to the problem of minimizing the longitudinal-angular oscillations of a mining dump truck that occurs when driving on rough roads. An algorithm has been developed for damping longitudinal-angular oscillations by briefly changing the traction and braking torques on the driving wheels, depending on the phase of oscillations of the sprung mass of the truck. The algorithm was approved using a dynamic mathematical model of a mining dump truck. The results of the comparative analysis showed the possibility of reducing the duration of the oscillations by 54 % and the amplitude of the oscillation by 40 % when moving an individual asperity, and when the truck moves along the road with characteristics corresponding to the road surface in the mining dump, the root-mean square accelerations at the driver’s workplace can be reduced by 19.5 %.

The active development of the mobile platforms sector such as smartphones, smart watches, fitness bracelets and other wearable electronic devices in the last 4 years has caused a huge growth of the market of mobile applications-services. Western countries are actively implementing mobile applications-services for household energy users. In Belarus, there is a positive dynamics in the number of active users of applications-services, every year it is possible to attract 7 % of unique customers. In the present paper the experience of implementation and operation of the mobile application for power systems is analyzed. The dynamics of the market of mobile applications-services has been traced: the amount of time spent by the person in interaction with the device was determined as well as the total expenditure of funds in the application at the moment; also, the growth of expenses within the applications was forecasted. The potential benefits for business and end-users of services from the implementation of mobile applications-services were demonstrated. Their properties, main qualities and advantages over traditional methods of “business – client” interaction are considered. A number of features needed for the successful functioning of the mobile application in the power system of Belarus are identified. The process of creating software for smart devices has been studied and the functionality needed by the mobile application for the power system has been proposed for attracting new users. A special algorithm for the launch and successful “life cycle” of a mobile application has been proposed. It allows to operate and develop mobile applications-services as efficiently as possible, as well as to avoid the most common errors at the stages of their development and launch. The implementation of a mobile application in the power system of the Republic of Belarus, in the long-term, will significantly increase customer loyalty, simplify interaction with users, make it possible to build new models of distribution of electricity, and, consequently, regulate the demand for energy resources.

The background subtraction is an important stage in the process of detecting moving objects in video sequences derived from stationary cameras of video surveillance systems (VSS cameras). A variety of approaches to addressing the background selection problem in video sequences from stationary cameras of video surveillance systems has created the need for research on the choice of optimal algorithms. In this paper, we described the problem factors that complicate the background allocation process and described the basic background subtraction algorithms classifications. After analyzing the location of VSS cameras for certain objects within the Information and Telecommunication Systems of the State Border Guard Service and their inspection sectors, we have identified the features of the use of cameras from these systems. We researched the most common algorithms of background subtraction in video sequences, methods of comparative analysis and methodes for selecting optimal background subtraction algorithms in video sequences from stationary VSS cameras. We developed an improved efficiency index for the choice optimal algorithms for the background subtraction in video sequences derived from stationary cameras of video surveillance systems оn the basis method proposed Sobral Andrews and Vacavant Antoine in the "Comprehensive review of subtraction algorithms evaluated using synthetic and real video". The essence of the improved method is that we propose to calculate the overall performance of the background subtraction algorithm using Matthews correlation coefficient, because this coefficient takes into account all possible variants of the matrix of algorithm responses (TP, TN, FP, FN). The proposed method was tested by calculating the results of the experimental study in the "A comprehensive review of the subtraction algorithms evaluated using synthetic and real videos". As a result, we have developed the index of efficiency of an algorithm of background subtraction, that differs from that offered gathered Sobral Andrews and Vacavant Antoine (FSD), because it takes into account all options matrix classifier responses, and therefore is more accurate than the FSD.

The paper presents a description of the developed APC and implemented the algorithm of EyeTracking (based on convolutional neural networks and morphological analysis), which allows people suffering from motor dysfunction and neuroparalytic syndromes to carry out the process of communication with the outside world through computer control and text printing by eye movement