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New Ukrainian and world realities set new tasks for the higher educational establishments, which are related to the search for new, modern methods that allow to increase the effectiveness of training. Currently, topical are the issues of not only professional but also the personal development of the student forming the priority in the implementation of educational activities in universities, preparation for future professional activities, as well as for successful interaction in society. The concept of «individual social competence» is an important factor in creating a system of educational process which takes into account aspects of professional development, and at the same time the peculiarities of the formation of the student personality. The author analyses the concept of «competence», considers the key competences for lifelong learning, identified by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, including social competence, studies the scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, including G. Gedviliene, H. S. Han, K. M. Kemple, U.P. Kanning, M. Horenburg, G.W. Ladd, H. K. Ma, K. Monahan, M. Monnier, O.V. Varetska, N.I. Hlebova, D.V. Hubareva, O.I. Hura, M.O. Doktorovych, I.B. Zarubinska, O.O. Subina, V.M. Shakhrai. They explored different aspects of social competence of different age categories. The author concludes that, despite different interpretations, all scientists agree that social competence is an acquired skill, it can be formed and developed throughout life. It was also determined that the developed social competence determines the status of the individual in society, it affects the success in professional activities. The high level of social competence allows a person not only to be realized in professional activities, but also to influence the processes in society, which in turn determines its stability. The author’s definition of the concept of «individual social competence» is given in the paper; the author concludes that social competence is an integrated ability that contains other competencies: spiritual, civic, communicative, linguistic; the concept of social competence is closely related to professional competence, without the successful interaction of the individual with society it is impossible to acquire the skills and abilities inherent in a qualified specialist. Thus, an important task for modern higher education is the formation and development of social competence of students, which is the key to successful implementation of the future specialist in professional activities. The educational process should be aimed at forming a system of knowledge about interaction in society, understanding the system of social values, ability to cooperate in society, the ability to communicate constructively, because only a socially competent person can.

Lipoedema is a chronic progressive disorder of adipose tissue leading to an enlargement of lower extremities. It is considered to be rare; however, the prevalence of the disease is underestimated because it is commonly misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema and the general awareness is poor. The etiology of the disorder is considered to be multifarious, including genetic inheritance, hormonal imbalance and microcirculation alterations. Diagnosis is mainly based on medical history and physical examination. Management of lipoedema is focused on reducing the symptoms, improving the quality of life and preventing further progression of the disease. The aim of this paper is to raise the awareness of the disease and provide appropriate clinical guidance for the assessment of lipoedema. We searched through the PubMed/MEDLINE database and took into consideration all of the results available as of 6September, 2020 and outlined the current evidence regarding lipoedema epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management. Better understanding of lipoedema is crucial for establishing an early diagnosis and a proper treatment, which in turn will reduce the psychological and physical implications associated with the disease.

This paper addresses issues involved in creating the introduction section of IMRAD science research papers in the English language. The introduction is considered as an independent text, which contains comprehensive information about the entire research. The basic principles of the structure and composition of the introduction are described in terms of the requirements imposed by modern peer!reviewed scientific journals. The suggested approach can also be useful when writing an introduction in other languages.Keywords: science research paper introduction, academic text, writing academic

The paper considers a burning for young researchers question how to write a scientific paper in the Russian and English languages. Since the requirements, recommendations and guidelines on the scientific paper structure presented in scientific and academic literature are mainly miscellaneous and often controversial, the author proposes to solve the problem using an invariant "Intergenre model of scientific text" providing a writer with a universal and basic algorithm for text generating activity.

In the optics of attention was the story of the Japanese writer Komatsu Sake "Paper or hair", written in 1963. According to the content, the loss of paper changed the usual way of life of people, becoming a source of existential fears. As we believe, the artistic narrative anticipates the events of our time associated with the spread of the coronavirus infection COVID-19. An artistic description of the situation by a Japanese writer, a phenomenological immersion in reality and theoretical reflections by M. Heidegger's work on the existential of fear helped to reconstruct the psychological States of people in the context of a pandemic and to identify the structure of fear. In modern life, fear manifests itself in three aspects: before-than fear, fearfulness and about-than fear. As a result of the all-embracing nature of fear, the fearogenicity of being is born, which violates the stability of the individual's existence, its being in, dwelling in, and mastering with. The above leads to the individual's awareness of the direction of life towards death, which forces him to adapt to new conditions. As a support of the personality in its opposition to fear, we can call hope and effective manifestations that perform the role of care.

The problem of mass plagiarism in scientific publications and qualification research papers is fairly acute in today’s Russia. Incorrect borrowings and plagiarism have extended not only to scientific articles and dissertations, but also to students’ courseworks and graduation research papers and diploma thesis. The author has recently faced with a case of 100% plagiarism of his article published in the Russian journal and in this paper describes the possible practical steps to protect the author’s rights. In addition, the paper analyzes the problems of scientific and publication ethics in the conditions of rapid development of information and communication technologies, estimates factors of the paid publications market development in Russia. The author points to the information asymmetry leading to various forms of manipulation in academic sphere including relations between laypersons and professional plagiarists.

The author considers the significance of teaching post-graduate students the module of written scientific communication to avoid problems facing them in future publishing career. The notion ‘academic writing’ is interpreted as the key to realizing national differences in intercultural written interaction. The author highlights the inevitable interference of the English scientific language and the native language of a researcher, the international part of a modern academic paper being English as lingua franca. Typology of cultures helps to explain possible misunderstanding in reading academic papers. Linguistico-culturological analysis of several scientific articles written in English by investigators from various countries allows the author to conclude that any researcher writes in English under unconscious domination of his national features.

Admission Dysfunctions of the lumbosacral spine are among the most common problems related to the movement of contemporary society throughout the world, and its incidence increases with age. In recent years, increased interest in the issues fascia, which until recently was neglected in the etiology of low back pain. One of the therapeutic options that can be applied in the case of chronic pain syndrome lumbar-sacral spine techniques are easing myofascial (ang. Myofascial release, MFR), which is one of the latest methods in the field of manual medicine. Objective of the work The aim of the work was overview AD recently published study on the effectiveness of techniques easing myofascial pain in chronic lumbar-sacral spine. Material and methods To find the current investigate research (publications of the last 5 years) dedicated to MFR in the treatment of chronic pain, lumbar-sacral spine searched the following databases: PubMed, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), ScienceDirect and Academic Search Premier. The following keywords: myofascial release, myofascial release therapy, myofascial pain, chronic low back pain. Results 9 qualified to review the studies investigating the effect of loosening myofascial pain and range of motion, functional limitations, muscles, as well as the quality of life in people with chronic pain lumbosacral spine. Conclusions The results of this review show that there is little research on the MFR employs treat ailments low back pain lumbar - sacral. Based on the studies included in this review can be concluded that the MFR can be an effective treatment for back pain lumbar - sacral, but there is a need for further research with a well-developed research procedure that will allow the standardization of this therapeutic method.

Keeping with the topics of 9th-11th European Quality Assurance Forums (EQAF), the paper analyzes the impact that a new pedagogical paradigm has on changes in higher education as well as on developing a new quality assurance methodology. At present Europe is featured by a new inter-university institution – tutor support of students; developing assessment practices for professionally-oriented baccalaureate and changes of state policy tools in higher education due to the advent of a new public management. The authors monitor a practice of surveying students and graduates and present results of t4SCL project aimed at developing sustainable strategies and methods of student-centered learning. The paper identifies the focus of 10th and 11th EQAF on trends in higher education development for the coming decades and reveals the dynamics of mentality changes in higher education occurred for the time of the Forums.

The paper presents a panorama of European Quality Assurance Forums (EQAF) and their topical focus. The authors give their opinion that for the purposes of academic communication we need to develop a glossary completely reflecting theoretical, conceptual, methodological and practical wealth in this area. While addressing topics within the whole “perimeter” of all forums held, the paper focuses mainly on the selected materials of the eighth EQAF. The authors consider issues concerning the defining of the concept of “higher education quality” and developing the institutional quality culture. The paper dwells on the barriers to European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance (ESG) implementation. Attention is given to accreditation processes, especially to the balance between “accountability” and “enhancement”. The paper also touches upon the issues of criteria validity and the indicators for higher education quality.

The proposed three-paper series is the authors' attempt to address at least tangentially the whole diversity of quality assurance practices in higher education, the way this diversity has been dynamically manifested and comprehended at the eleven European Quality Assurance Forums (2006-2016). Of course, the authors' intention is to reflect this collective conceptual and methodological activity in the context of the Bologna Process, which obviously has already gone through an optimistic round of its first decade and entered into a contradictory, multi-speed and multilevel reality of transition to the institutional level of reforms.The first article deals with some issues of the current stage of Bolognatransformations amid financial, economic and demographic crisis. The authors briefly touch upon a great potential of Russian higher education, which in late 20 century - early 21st century they described as "Russian pre-Bologna".

The round table discussion of the journal Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii (Higher Education in Russia) took place on March 14, 2017 within the framework of Humanities Readings at Russian State University for the Humanities. The key theme - the model of the modern research journal in various aspects: philological (academic writing, IMRaD), philosophical (criteria of scholarly publication), historical and cultural, economical. The participants have touched upon such issues as interrelations between an author and an editor, types of peer review, the epistemological model of editor's activities, assessment of research activities, scientific communication. Special attention was paid to academic writing and suitability of IMRaD format for Humanities papers, scientometrics.

The round table discussion of the journal Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii (Higher Education in Russia) took place on March 14, 2017 within the framework of Humanities Readings at Russian State University for the Humanities. The key theme - the model of the modern research journal in various aspects: philological (academic writing, IMRaD), philosophical (criteria of scholarly publication), historical and cultural, economical. The participants have touched upon such issues as interrelations between an author and an editor, types of peer review, the epistemological model of editor's activities, assessment of research activities, scientific communication. Special attention was paid to academic writing and suitability of IMRaD format for Humanities papers, scientometrics.

The author considers the ways to prevent errors and mistakes in English language abstracts of papers written in Russian by university faculty, post+graduate students and students earning their Master’s degree in engineering. Common errors have been identified and systematized. The articleprovides examples of common lexical and grammar errors and errors of style and their presumable roots. The process of training includes ‘writing for training’ and ‘writing for communication’ stages. During the second one the studentsread and analyze some samples of abstracts, write their own drafts and discuss them inclass (peer+to+peer review). As a result the quality of abstracts has improved and the number of errors and mistakes has decreased significantly.

Papers Index 2016.

Admission Dysfunctions of the lumbosacral spine are among the most common problems related to the movement of contemporary society throughout the world, and its incidence increases with age. In recent years, increased interest in the issues fascia, which until recently was neglected in the etiology of low back pain. One of the therapeutic options that can be applied in the case of chronic pain syndrome lumbar-sacral spine techniques are easing myofascial (ang. Myofascial release, MFR), which is one of the latest methods in the field of manual medicine. Objective of the work The aim of the work was overview AD recently published study on the effectiveness of techniques easing myofascial pain in chronic lumbar-sacral spine. Material and methods To find the current investigate research (publications of the last 5 years) dedicated to MFR in the treatment of chronic pain, lumbar-sacral spine searched the following databases: PubMed, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), ScienceDirect and Academic Search Premier. The following keywords: myofascial release, myofascial release therapy, myofascial pain, chronic low back pain. Results 9 qualified to review the studies investigating the effect of loosening myofascial pain and range of motion, functional limitations, muscles, as well as the quality of life in people with chronic pain lumbosacral spine. Conclusions The results of this review show that there is little research on the MFR employs treat ailments low back pain lumbar - sacral. Based on the studies included in this review can be concluded that the MFR can be an effective treatment for back pain lumbar - sacral, but there is a need for further research with a well-developed research procedure that will allow the standardization of this therapeutic method.

In this paper the author presents and describes the characteristics of the technique One Minute Paper and defines its advantages and disadvantages in language teaching. The present study confirms the effectiveness of the technique in science teaching and highlights its significant impact on improving the quality not only of teaching but also of knowledge of students in physics, mathematics, biology and medicine. The author has applied the technique in English language teaching and proves that it has a positive effect. The study included two groups of students, the experimental and the control group. The paper presents and explains the way in which the survey was conducted. The author also presents the results and confirms that the technique One Minute Paper has a positive impact and great importance in foreign language teaching.

The requirement to submit and publish scientific articles in indexed journals has become a part and parcel of life in academia. Although Russian scientists are becoming more visible in the world of science due to their research achievements, they are not sufficiently recognised by a wide audience for several reasons. In this study, we scrutinize the published papers of Russian researchers working in the domains of social sciences and humanities. We aim at investigating the logic and organisation of such publications to see how the articles correspond to the meta-requirements established by the international academia. To achieve the goal we have analysed the logic and organisation of 55 published articles from the Russian scientometric database e-Library. The results emphasise that most Russian researchers do not follow the IMRaD format accepted by the majority of international journals. As a result, such articles have minimal chances to be accepted by international editors. This is not surprising, as unclear structure means lack of readability and, consequently, loss of readers accustomed to a certain article format. This situation causes concerns because Russian scientists do have a lot to say to the world of science.

The article raises the problem concerning such an important element of student’s research work as accounting and publishing its results. The modern era of digital technology not only makes high demands to the content of student research papers, but also opens opportunities to create a new system of registration and publication. The article explains the importance of assessment of individual student achievements in scientific research.

This article is the result of a two-hour workshop given to new faculty attending the International Scientific School on Engineering Education for New Industrialization held in Kazan, Tatarstan from September 23–28, 2013. The goal of the workshop was to help faculty who are interested in publishing in English at conferences. The workshop had three parts: selecting the best venue, creating an interesting title and writing a good abstract.

The article considers theoretical aspects for the study and understanding of contemporary educational policies with the application of the concepts of bureaucracy. It also presents the results of an interregional study of information flows in the Russian education system. The redundancy, intensity and formalization of these flows constitute one of the painful aspects of work in this sphere, along with unfairly low wages. The article analyzes the materials of extensive sample surveys and the timing of the loads of the main job groups in the education system, data on document flow in institutions of various types and levels, and expert assessments in the three regions of the country. The amount and structure of information flows and paper work lead to institutional dysfunctions, they serve as a means for administrative pressure and imitation of manageability in education system. The article considers their impact on the social and professional well-being of educators. The author concludes that the main source of paper pressure and paper genocide in the education system is a management strategy that ignores the public mission of education and its multifaceted social effectiveness. This strategy expresses distrust of educators, contains ignorance towards public-state governance and has become a dead end for the Russian education system, a major obstacle to maintaining its potential, development and progress in view of growing global competition.

The paper discusses the preliminary results of teaching academic writing to scientific and academic staff at South Ural State University (national research university) within the framework of advanced training courses. The 36 and 72-hour training programs were developed by the academic and methodological department of the Office of Academic Writing. The Office was opened at the university in 2016 in order to improve the academic literacy of the university’s academic staff, develop professional communication skills in English, and assist authors who aspire to get their papers published in top rated scientific journals indexed in the scientific citation databases Scopus and Web of Science. Upon completion of these programs, authors of scientific papers gain knowledge about the basics of academic writing, the structure of a scientific paper, the English scientific style and its lexical and grammatical features, as well as editing a paper, working with scientific citation databases, and elaborating a publishing strategy. We conducted a study from October 2016 to December 2018 and calculated data on the attendees’ affiliation (an institute or higher school), the contingent (position), and the importance of the offered training programs (the number of attendees in each course). The obtained data indicates that representatives of social-humanitarian and technical fields show a special interest in the courses. The courses of academic writing are most popular among associate professors who have experience in publishing papers in Russian. Authors are especially interested in intensive practice-oriented programs. Upon completion of the courses and with the support of the Office of Academic Writing, attendees prepared scientific texts in English and submitted them to top rated journals and conference proceedings. The educational activity of the Office of Academic Writing can be developed through elaboration and implementation of new advanced training programs, including the distance ones. Their effectiveness will be evaluated by an increase in the publication activity of the university’s employees.

Contemporary school systems are in the process of reform the aim of which is, among other things, the development of inclusive policies and educational practice. The development of inclusive educational practice implies introducing changes in the school structure and organisation, the conception and realisation of teaching and school activities, as well as changes in teachers’ work. The changes in the way teachers work refer, among other things, to a specific number of new assignments and activities that should be carried out in direct cooperation with other key actors in inclusive education. The paper presents an overview of teachers’ activities and assignments that are stated in expert sources as particularly important in working with students with disabilities, students of typical development, fellow teachers, other experts in the school system, and parents of students with disabilities. Based on the overview, the authors point out that the development of the practice of education of students with disabilities in regular schools, as an important component of inclusive education, implies a redefinition of the role of teachers in the teaching process and school work. A separate section in the paper is dedicated to the explanation of the relevance of preparing teachers to act successfully in schools and the importance of teacher training for inclusive education that should also involve the rethinking and changing teachers’ professional attitudes and beliefs.

The paper addresses the experience of developing and implementing an online module in academic writing for university staff. The authors describe the module structure and teaching/learning process from the point of view of the course developers and trainers. The paper overviews the key requirements for developing and running online training in research writing. These requirements might be relevant for those involved in teaching, developing and implementing online support modules in academic writing.

The article focuses on describing the structure and functional characteristics ofthe Academic Writing Office of South Ural State University (National Research University), member of the project 5-100, which provides for increasing competitive ability of Russian universities in the global research and education market. The Office aims to improve the academicians and postgraduate students' writing skills in English and to support those authors wishing to publish their papers in high-ranking scientific journals indexed in scientometric databases Scopus and Web of Science. The implementation of the goals of Academic Writing Office of South Ural State University (SUSU) is assured by the interaction of its administrative, consulting, translating and educational blocks supported by Office official site.

The article focuses on the problem of preparing future teachers of primary school to conduct a special work aimed at harmonization of interethnic relations between pupils. The author suggests suitable topics for students’ research works. The author believes that this work should begin from the very beginning of children staying at school, and the teacher should be ready to work in the classes with ethnic diversity staff. While preparing research works on this topic students can look deeper into the problems of international relations, and also to change their own outlook. The article also discusses the difficulties that students and their supervisors may face while preparing research papers.

The article highlights the features of the University Electronic Information Environment, its organizational structure and its components, the law papers of all levels essential for its functioning and development. The main components of the Electronic Information Environment are electronic information resources, apparatus equipment, organizational component, action schedule (local acts), and educational technologies. The authors dwell on the role of the University Library in the University Electronic Information Environment. Today it is the centre of global informatization of educational and research processes.

În articol este abordată problematica educației incluzive la diverse stadii de școlarizare în Republica Moldova, fiind subliniat decalajul dintre prerogativele legii și malpraxisul educațional. Sunt analizate unele inegalități sociale generate de practici non-incluzive din învățământul profesional, care au repercusiuni asupra integrării sociale și profesionale a persoanelor cu nevoi educaționale speciale. De asemenea, după o investigare a legilor de bază și a funcționării acestora în anumite contexte, autorii recomandă o serie de măsuri urgente care trebuie luate, pentru a preveni încălcările drep­turi­lor omului referitoare la învățătură și obținerea unei meserii.INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: LEGISLATIVE REGULATORY UPDATED BENCHMARKS AND INCREASED INCENTIVESThe article addresses the issue of inclusive education at various stages of schooling in the Republic of Moldova, highlighting the gap between the prerogatives of the law and the poor educational practices. The social inequalities generated by the non-inclusive practice of vocational education are also addressed, which has a repercussion on the social and professional integration of people with special educational needs. Also, after conducting an analysis of the basic laws and their functioning in certain contexts, the authors recommend a series of urgent measures to be taken to prevent human rights violations in order to learn and gain a profession.

The subject of the research in the paper is academic ethics in the professional relationships of university teachers. The final results are presented on the basis of in-depth interviews with representatives of the academic staff of Russian universities (N=35). The purpose of the paper is to show how academic ethics as a value-normative phenomenon supports the professional relationships of academic staff at the university and forms certain values that ensure the effectiveness of the scientific and educational process. In this interpretation, the emphasis is placed on identifying the creative potential of academic ethics, its impact on the scientific and educational process at the university in terms of professional interaction of its main subjects. An assessment of the structure and content of academic ethics is given. It is established that academic ethics, being an element of academism in the higher education system, influences the formation of value-normative attitudes of respect and recognition. In addition, the importance of this phenomenon for the strategic development of the university and at the same time the preservation of academic traditions is revealed. The article also summarizes the assessments of the state of academic ethics at universities formulated by informants. In such assessments, value-semantic reflection prevails, which makes it possible to identify academic ethics as a factor of effective professional interaction between subjects of the educational process in order to achieve joint goals for the formation of their value world and professional knowledge and skills.

The main goal of this paper is to contribute to an overall understanding of the phenomenon of globalisation of higher education. Given that in our country the globalisation of higher education has been approached without attempting to provide a more comprehensive definition of the phenomenon, in the first part of the paper, the basic elements and domains that provide the basis for a more complete definition of the globalisation of higher education will be listed and a difference will be made in relation to similar phenomena, such as internationalisation and Europeanisation. Apart from a more comprehensive understanding of globalisation by pointing out its epistemological foundations in the papers from the end of the 20th century, which the domestic scientific public did not pay enough attention to, the paper also provides an overview of approaches to the study of the impact of globalisation on higher education, both the initial ones, which were developed by international organisations, and the academic ones, which enabled a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of globalisation of higher education. By contributing to a more comprehensive definition of the observed phenomenon, in this paper we intend to contribute to a broader understanding of the phenomenon of globalisation relative to the current view in which globalisation is understood as a modern phenomenon and its impact on higher education is observed after a certain period in which it supposedly arises. The paper affirms the claim that globalisation is just a new name for a phenomenon that has existed in modern civilisation for much longer than the end of the 20th century, and the expansion of higher education contributed to its genesis.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the concept and model of parental involvement in the research on students’ educational achievement. The concept of parental involvement arose in the field of educational policies of the English-speaking countries and market-oriented education systems. Research has shown that different forms of parental involvement have significant effects on school learning outcomes. The Coleman Report in the US and the policy of “educational parentocracy” in the UK significantly stimulated research in this area. The review of the relevant literature confirms the multidimensionalityof the concept of parental involvement which includes parental support for school learning at home and at school, as well as structural and relational aspects. The paper presents two most prominent models of parental involvement in children’s education – the model of overlapping spheres of influence and the so-called DNA or dual navigation model. In the concluding section of the paper, the authors state that the existing conceptualizations and models of parental involvement include different types of parental activities, which is important for the creation and evaluation of school programs of parental involvement. As a consequence of the dominance of the Anglo-American conceptual and research framework, on the one hand, an interdisciplinary approach in the field of research on parental involvement in children’s education is highlighted. On the other hand, an authentic pedagogical view of the goals and effects of parental involvement in education as a subject of study of autonomous science in the tradition of continental Europe has been neglected. It is expected that future research will reaffirm those aspects of education that make it precisely “educational”. Relying on pedagogical principles and goals of education in building family-school relationships is a missing link in the existing agenda of global education policy.

The goal of this paper is to determine the degree and direction of the correlation between the self-evaluation of the fifth-grade elementary school students and their success in the classroom. The paper presents the results of the research on students’ self-evaluation and their success in the classroom obtained on a sample of 208 fifth-grade elementary school students from the territory of the city of Banja Luka. An assessment scale was used for the purposes of the research and knowledge tests for the school subjects Serbian Language and Science and Social Studies were prepared. In line with the character of the research, the method of theoretical analysis and synthesis, the survey research method, and the analytical-descriptive method were applied. The results obtained using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient confirmed that students’ self-evaluation is significantly related to their general success at the end of the first term of the fifth grade of elementary school, their success at the end of the first semester in the subjects Serbian Language and Science and Social Studies, and achievements on the knowledge tests for the same school subjects. The obtained results indicate the importance of introducing student self-evaluation in the educational process in the field of achieving better results at school. However, the fact that self-evaluation is not sufficiently represented in our schools is a downside of this research, indicating a need for additional study and research of student self-evaluation, followed by its systematic introduction into educational practice.

Quality concept, due to its multifaceted and polyfunctional nature, is in use in different areas. The term started its way in the field of higher education in 1980s, but numerous discussions on how to define it have been ongoing ever since. Considering rapid growth of online practices in universities and the fact that there is still no conventional system of quality assurance and evaluation for online mode, the aforementioned problems are becoming even more topical. In the article with an aim to grasp meaning of quality online, its theoretical and practical levels are correlated. Papers summarizing traditional approaches to rethinking quality concept in higher education and tools of practical work with quality in online and offline modes are selected as a basis for analysis. A transition from dissipated definitions into the systems of their aggregation is traced. Elements of quality understanding in offline mode potentially applicable to online are identified. The main differences between categories of quality assurance in online and offline are outlined, along with the mechanisms of their portability from one mode to another. Basing on the analysis conducted, an approach of working with quality of university online programmes synchronizing theoretical and practical levels is offered. This paper may be of interest for researchers in the field of higher education and university managers, whose interests concern questions of internal quality assurance and quality culture.

In the 21st century, the issue of energy security is an important challenge for many states. Energy independence is an important component of the country’s national security. That is why its development is considered a priority of the country’s economic policy. Along with the trends of globalization, international energy relations are increasing day by day. However, the issue of energy security and vulnerability is equally on the agenda, which in turn is related to the problems of access to energy resources and the aggressive appeal of industrialized states with this issue, which creates a destabilizing vulnerable environment in the state. This issue was clearly revealed in the background of the 2022-2023 war between Russia and Ukraine. The mentioned issue is one important part of this paper, along with which the issue of renewable energies is also discussed. Renewable energies, the so-called practical way to get rid of petroleum products is growing more and more. Accordingly, the mentioned work considers both issues equally on the example of the European Union’s energy security strategy, within the framework of the Russia-Ukraine war. The paper discusses the European Union’s energy security policy and current challenges.

The paper calls into question the development of the digital competence of future philologists, taking into account the Turkish and Ukrainian experiences. The study of digital competence development is attracting increasing interest due to a growing need for experts capable of processing the enormous streams of continuously transmitted information and experts willing to improve their digital skills for professional growth. The purpose of the study is to broaden the current knowledge about the ways of developing digital competence. In this respect, the paper investigates two systems of future philologists' training in Ukraine and Turkey in the Digital Tools for Translation course. The authors analyze the experience of the Turkish and Ukrainian higher education institutions regarding the use of appropriate ICT tools using theoretical and empirical methods. Fifty-two future philologists from Turkey and Ukraine took part in the research. The study presents the results from observing the training and interviews with Ukrainian and Turkish students. The Shapiro-Wilcoxon method (non-parametric criterion) was used to verify the results. An analysis has highlighted the positive experience of Turkish universities, which can be implemented in future philologists training in Ukrainian universities. The findings of this study support the idea that the insufficient level of digital competence development lengthens and complicates the period of adaptation of graduates to modern working conditions. The authors found that the integration of Ukrainian higher education into the European higher education area occurs in times of globalization and the digitalization of society, which radically changes the nature of many activities. This research has clearly shown that digital competence development is more effective with the implementation of a holistic approach when students enhance digital competence while acquiring all other competencies. Our research suggests that the digitalization of education reduces the gap between graduates' digital competence level and modern society's expectations.

Enrolment exam for music schools is an important moment when a child potentially, in parallel with attending general education, starts attending specialized, music education. In this paper we are questioning the existing concept of evaluating rhythmic abilities within the entrance exam for music schools. This evaluation currently includes duplicating rhythmical patterns, performed through one of two tasks: first one involves clapping the beat while performing the rhythmical patterns vocally, using the neutral syllable and the second one includes duplicating rhythmical patterns only through clapping. Nevertheless, in pedagogical practice the choice between the two tasks is usually arbitrary, since it is assumed that the results on both types of tasks would be similar. Furthermore, the level of difficulty of the given patterns within the test is arbitrary, since the teachers are usually inventing them „in situ“ for each child. All respondents are evaluated in the same way, regardless of their age (which usually varies from 6 to 8). The aim of this paper is to contribute to the potential improvement of the quality and fairness of the enrolment exam for all participants, through investigation of the possible differences in the results of the same participants on two types of tests and comparing the results between the tasks with different level of difficulty, between the three age groups of children and between the two genders. The research was carried out within both – elementary school and preschool facilities in Belgrade and the sample consisted of 278 children. The results revealed that participants were more successful in the first type of task. Statistically significant differences were found between participants of different gender in their achievement in favour of girls and also between participants of different age groups, in favour of the second graders. Pedagogical implications were defined, regarding (1) transformation of traditional testing procedures regarding evaluating children’s rhythmical abilities within enrolment exams in Serbian music schools, as а base for optimal selection of children and indirectly, optimal results of the teaching process in music schools and (2) the content of teaching and activities in elementary schools and preschools in the field of rhythm.

The Curriculum for Music Education in primary and high schools includes Serbian music in the 20th century, both modern and postmodern, as a teaching topic. The opus of the composers such as Ludmila Frajt, Ljubica Marić, and Isidora Žebeljan has left an indelible mark on Serbian music and has become part of the world’s musical heritage. However, their creative work is not adequately represented in the teaching practice of primary and secondary schools, nor in the Curriculum that prescribes and suggests the selection of compositions for singing and listening. A special emphasis is placed on their individual and unique music style, the preservation and interpretation of Serbian folklore heritage and spirituality in their creative work, as well as on the educational and pedagogical potential of their work within the framework of general music education. The representation of the work of these artists in teaching practice, teacher training for practical implementation of these teaching topics, teachers’ attitudes and motivation – all these elements are the subject of the qualitative research presented in this paper. The research was conducted by means of an online survey of seventeen music education teachers, i.e., members of the Association of Music Education Teachers of Serbia, using the digital tool Google Forms. The paper will provide a summative and descriptive presentation of the results of the survey consisting of a total of twenty-one questions. Considering the artistic, educational, and pedagogical significance of the composers’ work, the authors of the paper have articulated paradigmatic methodological guidelines for teaching this topic, within the framework of educational standards and the Curriculum for Music Education, with a focus on the development of competencies and targeted outcomes.

Encouraged by the facts from a segment of an earlier research of music examples according to genre in Music Education textbooks, the authors of the paper decided to analyse the content of the latest editions of textbooks published by different publishers in order to collect the most up-to-date facts and get relevant information about the diversity of music examples according to genre in the process of developing music literacy and multicultural literacy of students in the lower grades of primary school. The research focuses on printed textbook units (N=24) from the latest textbook sets for grades 1-4 of primary school published by six publishing houses (Zavod za udžbenike, Klet, Beogradski izdavačko-grafički zavod, Kreativni centar, Logos, and Vulkan znanje). The research is important not only because of the research instruments used (music genre categorisation and a survey questionnaire ‒ ŽUMK 2022), the obtained results on the usefulness and the level of using music examples according to genre for developing students’ music literacy and multicultural literacy, but also because it was the first time that primary school teachers (N=132) from 10 primary schools in four cities in the territory of South-East Serbia (Novi Pazar, Raška, Sjenica, and Tutin) were included in the research. The results of the combined empirical research: а) аnalysis of printed textbook units of different publishers for the subject Music Education and b) opinions of primary school teachers regarding genre diversity are the same in some segments and different in others. The survey of primary school teachers attitudes was conducted using Google Forms. The aim of the paper is to present, based on the quantitative analysis of the identified music content categorised in terms of genre and the attitudes of the primary school teachers, the facts related to the genre diversity of music examples (rhythmic, melodic, and/or rhythmic-melodic) in the most recent Music Education textbooks which are important not only for developing music literacy by means of activities such as singing/playing an instrument/movement using the method of learning by hearing and/or from music scores, but also for developing students’ multicultural literacy.

Introduction The rising prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has prompted concerns regarding its potential health implications. While much attention has focused on respiratory and cardiovascular effects, injuries, oral trauma, and bone fractures linked to e-cigarette use have received less scrutiny. This paper aims to comprehensively review the landscape of injuries, oral trauma, and bone fractures induced by e-cigarettes, shedding light on this underexplored facet of e-cigarette-related harm. Material and Methods This literature review has analyzed 16 papers. Inclusion criteria: researches and case reports published after 2015. PubMed and Google Scholar has been searched to identify the papers. Analysis of the Literature Existing literature suggests a growing incidence of injuries, oral trauma, and bone fractures associated with e-cigarette use, albeit with limited systematic investigation. Mechanisms underlying these injuries range from device malfunctions to inadvertent impacts during use. Case reports highlight a spectrum of injuries, including oral burns, dental trauma, and skeletal fractures, often involving the face and mouth regions. Conclusions Despite the lack of comprehensive epidemiological data emerging evidence underscores the need for heightened awareness and preventive measures to mitigate e-cigarette-related injuries. Enhanced education, regulation of e-cigarette devices, and promotion of safer usage practices are crucial steps towards reducing the burden of e-cigarette-related harm on oral and skeletal health.

Based on broad empirical research on multilingualism done by members of the Circle U. University Alliance, this paper presents a comparative analysis between the responses of 906 students from Serbia and 976 students from the other eight universities of the Alliance. By completing a comprehensive questionnaire, the students presented their experience, opinions, attitudes, motivation and obstacles related to gaining knowledge and skills in foreign languages. The focus of this paper is on students’ needs related to learning foreign languages on the one hand, and their experience with it through formal education on the other. According to the survey results, despite students’ needs, the practice of foreign language learning, especially at the university level, is not in line with the goal of the EU language policy and European Commission’s recommendations that each citizen should learn at least two foreign languages. Additionally, as the survey shows, students from Serbia are at a disadvantage in comparison to their colleagues from the other universities due to the ever-growing disappearance of multilingualism from their academic circles. A particularly negative trend is visible in the status of languages for specific purposes at Serbian universities. One of the main conclusions of this research is that students’ voices need to be heard and their needs taken into consideration when shaping the future of higher education.

Psychological studies have shown that children begin to think about death at an early age and have encouraged a rethinking of the concept of possible education about death. For this reason, the course entitled “Methodological Approach to the Theme of Death in Poetry for Children and Youth” was launched at the Teacher Education Faculty in Belgrade. A short description of the course is given in the first part of this paper. Тhe paper then elaborates on the research conducted within the course, the goal of which was to describe: 1) students’ motivation for this course and 2) students’ expectations regarding the course content. In addition, given that the target audience is important for the manner in which the content will be presented, we also examined the course participants’: 3) conceptualization of death; 4) their experience related to death; 5) opinions regarding discussions about death with children; 6) knowledge of literary texts that deal with death. The method of verbal and visual associations and a questionnaire were used for data collection. Data analysis has shown that: 1) the course title is what motivates students the most to choose this course; 2) students are interested in children’s attitudes about death, the way death is thematized in children’s literature, as well as understanding the phenomenon of death in general; 3) the elements of metaphysical concept of death are prevalent among students; 4) the largest number of students has experienced the death of a family member, a friend, or a pet; 5) students think that children’s age, experience related to death, interests, and cognitive maturity have to be taken into consideration when talking with children about death; 6) students are more familiar with the prose texts than poetry for children thematizing death.

Self-reflection is viewed as a mental activity in which preschool teachers (educational professionals) have a chance and tendency to develop a level of self-reflection on their own practice, its purpose, obtained results, and development. In the first part of the paper, the author looks at epistemological tenets of other approaches (positivist, anti-positivist, constructivist, post-modernist, and transformational) on which the self-reflection approach is based, and then interprets and analyzes the specificities of the self-reflection approach. The aim of the paper is to elaborate on selfreflection as an epistemological approach using a case study as an example, in order to clarify and understand better the theoretical assumptions underlying this approach. The case study was used as a paradigmatic case in which self-reflection is emphasized as the epistemological approach to the research of pedagogical issues, and an effort has been made to use it for making a valid example. The concluding part of the paper contains conclusions obtained via theoretical analysis and the case study, including the formulation of the aspects of pedagogical actions that could be improved by using this approach – initial theoretical and practical education of educator, professional training and research, as well as the competences of teachers who educate pre-service educator.

The emergence of artificial intelligence language services has raised hopes related to facilitating the task of publication activity. Members of the academic community wondered whether chatbots could optimize the process of scientific writing. ChatGPT, a language model capable of, among other things, generating scholarly texts, received particular attention. The cases of writing academic papers using ChatGPT have led to a number of publications analyzing the pros and cons of using this neural network. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using ChatGPT to write an introduction to a scientific paper on a topical issue of the Arctic governance. A set of queries to ChatGPT network, based on the logic of the commonly accepted in academia publication format IMRAD, has being developed. This format is characterized by structural and functional elements, which served as a logical basis for the queries. The responses received from ChatGPT were analyzed for their compliance with the requirements for a scientific article, according to the IMRAD publication format. The result of the analysis showed that ChatGPT is not able to meet the requirements for publishing a scientific article in the modern scientific publication discourse.

The objective of this paper is to propose effective methods to implement sustainable development principles among young people, both in schools and universities. The authors of this article recognize the significant potential among young individuals whose actions and choices have a substantial impact on the environment. By analyzing the knowledge and behaviors of young people towards sustainable development and environmental protection, based on surveys conducted among pupils and students from the south-eastern region of Poland, this paper identifies gaps that require improvement and proposes actions aimed at raising pro-ecological awareness among the youth. The analysis revealed that only 25% of the respondents have heard about the “Agenda for Sustainable Development – 2030”, 20% were familiar with the goals of sustainable development, and few have participated in initiatives for sustainable development. However, 58% of respondents claimed to engage in activities for environmental protection in their daily lives. The article also presents the degree of compliance with the assumptions of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on both global and local scales. Furthermore, the paper analyzes two aspects of students’ awareness of sustainable development: their knowledge of goals and documents, and their pro-ecological behavior in daily life. Based on the findings, this paper proposes ways to introduce sustainable development principles in selected areas of school and university functioning to enhance ecological awareness and shape pro-ecological attitudes among young people. Concrete actions to facilitate implementation are also suggested.

Introduction and purpose Non-specific and specific lower back pain syndrome is one of the leading causes of musculoskeletal disability and affects more than half of the population worldwide. The aim of this paper is to confront the problem of lumbar pain, possible diagnostic options, conservative and surgical opportunities with long term satisfactory rate. State of knowledge The paper reviews literature on lower back pain syndrome, sciatica, radiculopathy and lumbar disc herniation in regards to detection of the problem, classifying it and possible methods of resolvement. The WHO defines lower back pain as one of the leading causes of musculoskeletal dysfunction and it focuses on reducing the occurrence by programs like WHO Rehabilitation 2030 Initiative, UN Decade of Healthy Ageing and others. The paper also focuses on non surgical options of treatment. Material and method A review of the literature available in the “PubMed” and Google Schoolar was conducted. We focused on differential diagnosis depending on clinical presentation and possible treatment methods depending on symptoms, pathogenesis of the disorder and available procedures. Summary Our review managed to present the current state of development, possible differential diagnosis, prevalence of neural compressions, sciatica and radiculopathy in different diagnostic options. By receiving multiple studies we confront varied opinions of specialists regarding the approach to lower back pain syndrome and favorable forms of care. Additionally we came to the conclusion that the difference of patients' long term satisfactory rate in regards to nonoperative and operative treatment is not significant, and flattens over the years.

Gilbert’s syndrome is the most common inherited jaundice worldwide. It affects 5-10% of the population. It is caused by a mutation of the UGT1A1 gene, which results in impaired bilirubin metabolism. It is a benign disease and does not affect the life expectancy of patients. Patients with Gilbert’s syndrome should be alert to factors that exacerbate the course of the disease, interactions with medications taken and possible comorbidities such as hemolytic anemia, cholelithiasis or schizophrenia. However, it is the responsibility of physicians with such patients under their care to properly educate patients. Gilbert’s syndrome carries not only the consequences associated with the mutation, but also has many benefits that patients may not be fully aware of. Mildly elevated bilirubin levels have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, which prevents the development of lifestyle diseases and cancer. Ongoing clinical trials suggest that this could be a great step toward new treatments for diseases affecting the entire human population. PURPOSE OF THE WORK: This review paper aims to show Gilbert’s syndrome as a multifaceted disease and to sensitize doctors' attention to patients with the described mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis of papers available in PubMed and Google Scholar was performed using the following key words: Gilbert’s syndrome, bilirubin, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, Gilbert’s syndrome harmful and protective aspects, iatrogenic Gilbert’s syndrome RESULTS: The result of the work is to present Gilbert’s syndrome as a disease that carries medical problems directly related to the mutation, but also, in some cases, has a protective effect on affected individuals. The work highlights the complexity of the problem.

Introduction and purpose: Diabetes has emerged as a global lifestyle disease, with an alarming rise in cases, particularly of type 2 diabetes. In Poland, over 3 million people are diagnosed, and an estimated 4 million cases are expected by 2030. Effective treatment involves a multifaceted approach, including dietary intervention, physical activity, and pharmacological options. Incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), play a pivotal role in carbohydrate metabolism regulation, and GLP-1 analogs have become essential in managing type 2 diabetes. This paper explores the development and mechanisms of GLP-1 analogs, detailing their impact on insulin secretion, gastric emptying, and weight reduction. Description of the state knowledge: Various GLP-1 receptor agonists, including exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, and the novel tirzepatide, are discussed. These drugs exhibit diverse pharmacokinetics, modes of administration, and effects on glucose metabolism and weight. Despite their efficacy, there is a concerning trend of off-label use, particularly for obesity treatment, leading to shortages for patients with valid prescriptions. This misuse is fueled by para-advertising on social media platforms, contributing to a surge in prescriptions and reimbursement costs. To address this, guidelines for GLP-1 analog use in obesity treatment are proposed, emphasizing the need for a stable drug supply and normalizing drug availability. Summary: In 2023, concerns intensified with reports of counterfeit GLP-1 analogs, prompting regulatory interventions. The paper concludes by underscoring the critical role GLP-1 analogs play in diabetes and obesity treatment, while emphasizing the importance of responsible prescription practices, guidelines adherence, and regulatory vigilance to ensure patient safety and mitigate the risks associated with misuse and counterfeit drugs.